Social Entrepreneurship - Science topic

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

Supporting innovation is crucial for long-term economic growth. Governments can achieve this by directly funding research and development or by offering tax breaks for companies investing in innovation. For the purposes of this discussion, I have formulated the following research thesis, according to which increasing spending on research and development can lead to direct support for strategic research projects, but can be burdened with the risk of inefficiency and bureaucracy. On the other hand, tax breaks can encourage companies to invest in innovation, but can lead to abuse and difficulties in monitoring the actual use of funds. Accordingly, an analysis of the effectiveness of both approaches requires consideration of the structure of the economy, the level of private sector development and existing innovation support mechanisms. It is important to examine which approach better responds to the needs of enterprises and what the potential barriers to their implementation are. In addition, the effectiveness of the allocation of public funds and the potential risks associated with corruption or inefficient use of funds should be assessed.

The following article describes the key determinants of the importance and need to activate entrepreneurship and innovation for the effective development of economic agents in Poland and the improvement of market efficiency:

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVATING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC AGENTS FUNCTIONING IN THE ECONOMY AND CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TEACHING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION https://www.researchgate

Social and Economic Determinants of Effective Development of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Municipality of Otwock in Poland

The Importance of Innovation in Poland's Business and Financial Sectors in The Context of the Country's Economic Development

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

I invite you to scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, external financing instruments play a key role in the development of innovation and entrepreneurship, especially in the case of technology startups, which often require significant capital outlays for research, development and commercialization of their solutions. Among the most effective tools for external financing of innovation and entrepreneurship development are venture capital (VC) funds, which offer not only financial capital, but also support in the form of knowledge, experience and business contacts. VC funds are particularly effective because they invest in early-stage companies, accepting high risk in exchange for a potentially high rate of return. In addition, the involvement of VC fund investors often enhances the credibility of startups, which can make it easier for them to win further rounds of funding. But there are also investment banks financing innovative startups, commercial banks, business angels and so on. Besides, there are also public institutions providing financial subsidies from the state's public finance system operating within the framework of government programs of active pro-development economic policies to support the development of innovation and entrepreneurship.

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

I would like to invite you to join me in scientific cooperation,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

PhD in Social Entrepreneurship and Digital Technologies

Key instruments for activating entrepreneurship and innovation of companies, enterprises and other business entities include financial instruments, including grants from the public finance system, low-interest loans, equity financing through the issuance of equity and debt securities, crowdfunding available on the Internet and other forms of external financing of development, investment activities but also current, operational economic activities of companies and enterprises. However, with many different forms of external financing available for the activities of business entities, the importance of other, non-financial factors of activation of entrepreneurship and innovation of companies and enterprises is also growing. Non-financial factors for activating entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities include. the formation of economic policies, including pro-development investment policies, the development of communications and logistics infrastructure necessary for business development, the availability of a highly qualified workforce on a local or regional basis, the development of chambers of commerce and other non-governmental institutions that support local or national business and lobby policy in its favor, the development of research and development centers that create innovations used for business and implemented in manufacturing processes carried out in business entities, the increase in labor productivity resulting from the implementation of new technologies in manufacturing processes, etc.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

I invite you to get acquainted with the issues described in the above-mentioned publication and to cooperate with me in scientific research on these issues.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What types of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are being carried out in your country as part of green entrepreneurship?

What kind of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are being carried out in your country that represent the development of green entrepreneurship?

What kind of pro-environmental and/or pro-climate economic ventures are carried out by citizens that represent green entrepreneurship development?

Are these, for example, innovative solutions implemented in the construction of small-scale, backyard electricity and/or heat generating power plants using renewable and emission-free energy sources?

Are they eco-innovations improving waste separation and recycling technologies? Or are they green technologies facilitating the capture of rainwater, which is then used for household purposes, agriculture, watering home gardens, etc.?

Or are they other kinds of eco-innovations, green technologies that contribute to green entrepreneurship?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

How should the financial subsidies of the European Union granted to Poland under the National Reconstruction Plan be distributed so that they primarily contribute to the effective development of the national economy?

Increasing the efficiency of the use of financial subsidies from the state's public finance system, so that to a large extent the said subsidies are allocated to real pro-development investment projects, effectively activate economic processes, entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities, and thus the country's economic development can be significantly accelerated in the coming years. Unfortunately, there is little time, as only 2 years to effectively use this money which was a result of the failure to meet the so-called milestones set by the European Union by the previous government in Poland, which functioned from 2015-2023. The key issue is that most of these funds should realistically feed new investment projects, not be “eaten up”, consumed in current purposes that do not have the character of investment, not be wasted, not be subject to financial embezzlement, etc.., because then the impact of this money on the economy, on economic growth in the next few years, the impact on improving economic development will be much smaller. In view of the fact that the funds to be used, i.e. PLN 600 billion (total low-rate loans and grants), will be relatively large and the time to use them will be short, so it is necessary to improve the existing national procedures in the matter of application, substantive analysis of submitted applications for grants, granting of funds, ongoing monitoring of the implementation of investments and their settlement. One of the effects of unblocking access to these funds granted under the National Reconstruction Plan is the process of appreciation of the PLN against the euro, which is already taking place since the autumn of 2023, and reduces the scale of “import” of inflation into Poland thanks to such large euro subsidies to come to the country where I operate. Well, thanks to these funds, economic growth in Poland as early as 2024 can be higher than the projected about 3% if these funds are effectively, well invested, etc. This scenario will come true, assuming that other international, global macroeconomic variables do not deteriorate, i.e. current risks do not increase significantly, and there are various risks outside Poland that affect the Polish economy. A kind of symptom of this issue was the strong increases in shares on the Warsaw Stock Exchange on Monday 16.10.2023, i.e. just after the elections on 15.10.2023 when one of the internationally recognized rating agencies suggested that thanks to the outcome of these parliamentary elections, the probability of unlocking European Union subsidies for Poland from the National Reconstruction Plan would increase significantly. Besides, it is important to point out the legitimacy of continuing key investment goals such as accelerating the process of green energy transformation. An important determinant of increasing the scale of investment processes carried out as part of the green transformation of the power industry is the issue of reducing the risk of a future energy crisis like the one that occurred in Poland in 2022, in order to meet the guidelines of the European Union under the Green Deal, which should result in reducing the scale of future energy price increases in Poland, etc. The green transformation of the energy industry is a key rarity of the green transformation of the economy towards building a green closed loop economy. Besides, subsidies from the European Union's financial programs, i.e., primarily from the National Reconstruction Plan, should not only be used for investment projects carried out mainly by large, few energy companies, but should be used to a large extent to finance activities carried out by prosumer citizens to increase energy security for the household and reduce the costs incurred in subsequent years for energy purchases, i.e. prosumer ventures, e.g., installing photovoltaic panels on the roofs of their homes as part of the expansion of such programs as “My Current,” for example, so that prosumers' own participation in these investment processes is small, as it is currently still too large and is a financial barrier for many households. In addition to the economic processes related to the green transformation of the economy, including mainly the green transformation of the energy sector, the financial resources from the National Recovery Plan are to finance investment projects carried out as part of the continuation of the processes of digitization of the economy, including enterprises, implementation into companies and institutions of new ICT and Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, including, for example, Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, etc. In addition, the aforementioned financial subsidies are to be used to support the implementation of investment projects in the field of investment, through which the state of road and rail transportation infrastructure is to be improved. In addition to this, support from the National Reconstruction Plan funds is also to be given to the health sector, although the importance of this support has significantly decreased since there is no longer a Covid-19 pandemic, and the European Union's program of these grants was developed in 2020 during the pandemic and was originally intended to largely support the anti-pandemic activities carried out within the medical sector.

I have also described many of these aforementioned aspects in my publications posted on my profile of this Research Gate portal.

The key issues of the problematic sources of Poland's exceptionally deep energy cross in 2022 are described in my co-authored article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I am interested in studying the experiences and motivations for philanthropy in Kenya by HNWIs. However, I would like my research questions to be grounded from gaps in theory and empirical research in philanthropy and social entrepreneurship. Any help will be greatly appreciated.

Do you have medical cooperatives in your country? What is your opinion about the possible models of cooperatives in medicine that are proposed in this article? -

Dear All

I am struggling to find guidelines for writing an article where the outcome/result is a framework. I want help in understanding how to present it in the research paper, and the methodology is qualitative.

Kindly help me, Thank You

In my opinion, YES. But there are important specific determinants that should be met. Well, yes, you should invest in companies that implement sustainable development goals and carry out a green transformation of their business. Yes, if a company has good development prospects, reliably pursues certain goals, is well managed, follows business ethics, takes seriously not only the consumers of its product and service offerings but also other citizens, does not ignore the principles of corporate social responsibility, etc., then of course it will find many interested investors who will invest in this company. And if, in addition, this company promotes the idea of a green, sustainable, zero-emission, closed-loop economy, realistically contributes and participates in the process of efficiently carried out green transformation of the economy, realizes the goals of sustainable development, is environmentally and climatically responsible, does not emit pollutants and greenhouse gases into the environment, does not practice greenwashing, financially supports pro-environmental and pro-climate social campaigns and pro-climate NGOs that promote scaling up protection of the biosphere, biodiversity and climate are additional assets to invest in such a company. Especially if there are startups operating in this way then they should be subsidized by sustainable investment funds specially created for this purpose that provide funding, grants in green finance. Such companies may need financial support in the first years of green business through external financing from the green grant system from commercially operating investment funds and/or from the state's public finance system. However, in the long term, such business entities that promote the idea of a closed-loop economy, pursue sustainable development goals, act in a socially and environmentally responsible manner, implement and develop green technologies and eco-innovations, and carry out a green transformation of their business should also function fully commercially and should generate profits that will allow them to continue their operations and development in the years to come.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear researchers, I hope you are doing well I am currently a Ph.D. student in Iran. I want to write a scientific and research paper on the obstacles to social entrepreneurship in Afghanistan. Dear researcher, if you have experience in the field of social entrepreneurship and have written articles in this field, I respectfully invite you to join me in this research article. All the work and writing of the article is done by me, I just need your guidance and direction. If anyone is interested, please send me a message on the email or WhatsApp number below. Email: fmazloumyar@gmail.com WhatsApp: +989013106862 Hoping for your cooperation

In a situation of developing economic downturn, the importance of interventionist activation of entrepreneurship, supporting business entities in order to reduce the scale of the increase in unemployment and the decline in incomes, increases. In a situation of rising inflation and economic downturn, the activation of economic processes through anti-crisis public financial aid programmes may be difficult. Rising inflation can exacerbate uncertainty and economic risks, and can hinder the planning and implementation of new investment projects, new business ventures by companies and enterprises. Central banks are raising interest rates in an attempt to curb rising inflation. Credit is becoming more expensive. Loans offered by commercial banks are becoming more difficult to access. Investment levels are falling. Businesses are carrying out fewer new investment projects. The activity of economic processes is declining and the prosperity of the economy is worsening. The deepening downturn may lead to an increase in unemployment. As a result, it is possible that at the end of 2022 or in 2023, many countries will see a deep economic downturn, a recession of the economy, possibly also stagflation. In order to limit the downturn of the economy, it is necessary for the government to apply anti-crisis programmes for financial support of economic entities and activation of entrepreneurship. Such anti-crisis public financial assistance programmes were recently applied on a large scale during the economic crisis and recession of the economy in 2020 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) and the introduced lockdowns imposed on selected, mainly service sectors of the economy. The scale of the applied financial public assistance implemented as part of the anti-crisis injection of additional money into the economy in the form of subsidies and workers' wage subsidies granted to companies and enterprises contributed to the increase in inflation, which already started to rise almost from the beginning of 2021. In view of the above, on the one hand, anti-crisis business activation programmes are necessary in order to limit the scale of the rise in unemployment, which is likely to appear in 2023 when the economy is in recession. On the other hand, however, in view of the currently rising, double-digit inflation, the possibility of applying further anti-crisis state aid programmes is limited.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I would like to submit a successful experience of resilience by many enterproner women who have invested to revive the aqueducts (Qanat) of their villages.

Preferely a free and open access indexed in SCOPUS!

Article type may be as a Letter to editor, case report, or descriptive analysis.

Journal of Social Entrepreneurship is on the list of ESCIs. Will it be on the SCI /SSCI list in the next two years based on the data indicators in the attached file?

Has anyone any thoughts or are aware of any research when it comes to Intuition vs Sensing when it comes to entrepreneurs?

I have found, for example, The 16 personalities, which are based on Myers Briggs - (MBTI) which is an introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions

And I have found one (1) profile that they call The Entrepreneurial. ESTP - Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Prospecting - https://www.16personalities.com/

So, my Question is

-has any seen or being aware of any research about if entrepreneurs are or could be more of the Intuitive person or personality profile?

I.e., Extrovert/introvert, Intuitive, Think....etc.

This based on personality typology, e.g., - Sense perception, versus Intuition.

"Sensing" S and "Intuition" (N) are about how we gather information and which information we trust more strongly.

Sense perception: Perception of the world takes place directly via the five senses. The primary interest lies in the existing. Prefer information that is practical and concrete, i.e. here and now and what it means for something to remain as it is.

Intuition: Perception of the world takes place indirectly via the subconscious. The primary interest is in possibilities - what something could be or become. "What if...?" Prefers information that is theoretical and extensible, i.e. information that can change through a change of perspective.

Within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship, citizens can, for example, run home vegetable and fruit gardens, flower gardens, flower meadows under the formula of sustainable organic farming. Besides, citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship can set up small-scale home electric and/or thermal power plants based on certain types of renewable and/or emission-free energy. Besides, conducted social clean-up campaigns in city parks and forests; donating used electronic equipment, consumer electronics, household appliances, etc. to electro-waste collection points; setting up associations and other organizations implementing periodic events, picnics, festivals, etc., aimed at pro-environmental and pro-climate education of citizens. From the bottom up, citizens' ventures in social ecological entrepreneurship can be an important part of the green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals. Besides, local governments are also increasingly taking measures to support the activity of citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship. Projects implemented within the framework of the participatory budget (1 percent of the local government's budget) can be implemented projects proposed by residents, which can be part of the current trends of pro-environmental, pro-climate, green transformation of the economy, in the green transformation of the local government and/or municipal economy and the realization of sustainable development goals. The civic activity of municipal residents can also be carried out within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship through activities implemented socially by citizens on the basis of an agreement with the local government. Many times, many small activities carried out by citizens within the framework of social ecological entrepreneurship can produce more positive effects than short-term, few larger projects carried out by large business entities.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I was thinking of something along the lines of strategy formulation.

In the context of the forecast decline in the economic activity of companies and enterprises in the coming quarters, the projected downturn in the national and regional economy, the decline in production and investment, the increase in unemployment and the current economic problems associated with high inflation, the importance of activating entrepreneurship and innovation of economic entities is growing. Within the framework of the interventionist, anti-crisis, Keynesian socio-economic policy, the government and central government agencies carry out programmes to activate entrepreneurship and innovativeness of economic entities, including companies and enterprises of the SME sector using specific financial instruments of fiscal, budgetary, sectoral policies, etc. On the other hand, a particularly important role in the activation of entrepreneurship and innovativeness of business entities of the SME sector operating in the area of the local economy of the municipality is also played by local government units. Local self-governments play an important role in terms of activating entrepreneurship and innovation, in terms of developing cooperation with local business, supporting the development of cooperation and clusters of companies cooperating with other entities, stimulating economic development in the area of the municipality, in the region. Effectively and efficiently conducted by local governments in this regard can significantly reduce the scale of downturn development in the local economy. When many units of local self-government efficiently activate economic processes, entrepreneurship and innovativeness, then the whole national economy goes through an economic crisis, recession, downturn more smoothly. As a result, the scale of the increase in unemployment and economic downturn is lower.

What do you think about this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In your country, does the state support SME entrepreneurs in order to reduce the scale of potential company bankruptcies that are likely to occur in the context of rising energy prices?

There are reports in the media of various governmental, financial support solutions for SME entrepreneurs, subsidy programmes for the purchase costs of more expensive fuel and electricity. Such interventionist measures by the government are being implemented in order to limit the scale of potential company bankruptcy, which will probably occur in connection with rising energy prices. The key objective of this type of anti-crisis, interventionist economic policy is to limit the scale of the economic downturn, increase in unemployment, decrease in production, decrease in tax revenue to the state budget, etc., which will probably appear in the following quarters in connection with the continuing high inflation, growing prices of fuels, electricity and other production factors, which constitute a significant part of the costs of the processes of producing goods and offering services by economic entities. Since such governmental programmes for supporting entrepreneurship are financed from the funds of the state finance system, an important factor limiting the scale of their application is the level of indebtedness of the state finance system, the governmental practices carried out in terms of adding money and introducing additional amounts of uncovered money into the economy, as well as the level of inflation. However, in the context of current policy, the issue of limiting the projected rise in unemployment and the downturn in the economy can be considered a priority.

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What kind of startups would you co-found? What types of industries, themes, business development goals would you financially support if you were managing a fund investing in startups?

In which business fields of operating or start-ups would you financially support and develop?

What do you think?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Part of our Research Intensive University Plan is to develop research with Inter-University from all over the world. Therefore, I am asking if there is an ongoing paper you want me to collaborate with; or if we could start a new research topic. Hoping for honest and interesting answers.

Activation of entrepreneurship and innovation is essential for effective socio-economic development of the national economy.

Failure in entrepreneurship in the context of entire markets, sectors, the whole society, the entire economy is a negative effect of taking risks in the situation of starting a business and running a business.

This is the price of few, spectacular business successes. Therefore, it should not be reduced due to the existence of investment risk. Investment risk should be examined, analyzed, measured and hedged, for example, in the form of maintaining established, estimated financial provisions for the situation of potential loss of financial liquidity. An entrepreneur should take risks, accept a certain level of investment risk, measured and hedged risk.

Entrepreneurship should be supported by both public sector institutions and through private investment funds that finance the development of innovative startups. In modern knowledge-based economies, the state through central and through local government public institutions should support the development of entrepreneurship and innovation.

In view of the above, the current question is: Should the state support the development of entrepreneurship and innovation?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

I am currently researching on social entrepeneurship and innovation in sub saharan Africa. However, I am looking for people who would like to co- join in writing papers on Social entrepreneurship, Innovation, indigenous entrepreneurship, youth employment and Agripreneurship in Africa.

Please contact me if you are interested.

What do we mean by value? How is value created? What are the different conceptual models that relate to value creation especially in the context of entrepreneurship/ social entrepreneurship?

Can the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship be an important factor in defending the domestic economy against the forecasted, progressive slowdown in economic growth in the global economy in 2019?

Does the activation of economic processes through the development of pro-development innovation policy programs, activation of innovation and entrepreneurship can be an important factor in defending the national economy against a progressive slowdown in economic growth in the global economy and against the risk of a recession in the domestic economy that could occur through cross-border trade and international capital flows?

The importance of this question is important especially for countries with an open economy with a large share of cross-border trade and the growing share of globalization processes. In addition, this question is valid in the context of the projected slowdown in economic growth in many countries in 2019.

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

Can the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship be an important factor in defending the domestic economy against the forecasted, progressive slowdown in economic growth in the global economy in 2019?

Please reply

Best wishes

Hi, for my thesis project I am doing a mediation analysis which claims that prosocial behaviors mediates between the culture and social entrepreneurship activity. I use several cultural dimensions, puting them seperately and then running the program and checking the results. So the thing is, I try to approach PROCESS results with causal steps approach of Baron & Kenny (1986) and according to this the first thing I need to check is that X and Y (In my case Culture and Social entrepreneurship activity) must be significantly associated.

One of the models as I shared here has no significant association in c path (Culture and Social entrepreneurship) but has a significant relationship on both a and b paths while c' is non significant. So according to Baron and Kenny approach I should stop when c is not significant and say there is no mediation however it seems this variable i test as a mediator has a significant effect on my dependent variable. How should I mention this in my report?

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

Academic incubators of innovation and entrepreneurship are developed at universities to support innovation and entrepreneurship of students. Incubators are also a supplement to the educational program in the field of activating the innovation and entrepreneurship of students. Incubators sometimes also perform functions or cooperate with a career office for students. Career offices collect employment offers and organize internships for students through cooperation with companies and institutions that employ or give practice to students.

Sometimes academic incubators of innovation and entrepreneurship also cooperate with various institutions and companies in which students find employment or take apprenticeships. In addition, academic incubators of innovation and entrepreneurship, cooperating with various institutions and companies, enable the establishment of clusters of innovation, in which various economic entities, public institutions, scientific institutes and universities cooperate with each other. In this way, the possibilities of entrepreneurship development and generation of innovative solutions in assumed and developed research projects and startups are increasing.

Sometimes, also with the innovation cluster or business incubator, financial institutions cooperate, primarily banks offering financial support in the form of preferential loans for developing innovative startups. However, at the early stage of the establishment of business activity by students and organizations, the most important role is provided by substantive support in the field of advising on the formal and legal issues and accounting service of the university, lecturers and employees of the academic entrepreneurship incubator.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

What is the role of academic business incubators?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

How can entrepreneurship and innovation be stimulated to develop in the framework of improvement of pro-development socio-economic policy?

What are the main barriers to the development of innovation and entrepreneurship in your country and what should be improved in pro-innovation economic policy?

What should be changed in economic policy to reduce barriers to entrepreneurship and innovation?

In many developed countries, the main barriers to innovation are high labor costs, high taxes and parapositive contributions under the public finance system.

Are these barriers to the development of innovation and entrepreneurship in your country similar or different?

Please reply

Best wishes

I studied a number of research papers on "Knowledge Entrepreneurship". However, most of the researchers conducted qualitative research. Kindly, suggest me any quantitative research on Knowledge Entrepreneurship. Moreover, recommend the developed scale for Knowledge Entrepreneurship.

I am planning to do research on social entrepreneurship and social innovation intent among youth, especially technical students. In this context is there any standard model that can be tested where the sampling units are UG and PG students studying in Indian universities. Also, I request someone to give a standard reference material in this regard for review of literature and research methods and methodology.

Serge Moscovici and his theory of Social representation is a stream of research that interests me a lot. The question of future directions of research is also something I contemplated on. How do you see research in this field evolving?

I did my contribution a month ago with the connection of social representation to international business, entrepreneurship, attitudes , education and decision making logic.

Article can be found here:

So once again :-) What is the future for social representations?

Best wishes Henrik

The enterprise sector of SMEs generates the majority of output of entire economies. To a large extent, therefore, the economic situation in the entire national economy depends on the economic and financial condition of economic entities in this sector.

The aim of activating economic processes is necessary to create and develop instruments of state intervention, thanks to which it is possible to effectively stimulate entrepreneurship and innovation of economic entities of the SME sector.

In view of the above, I would like to ask you: What are the instruments of state intervention in your countries to stimulate entrepreneurship and innovation in enterprises in the SME sector?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion.

Dear Friends and Colleagues of RG

The issues of the importance of innovativeness and entrepreneurship in economic development are described in the publication:

I invite you to discussion and cooperation.

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dear scholars,

The UN estimated that the economic fallout could push an estimated half a billion people into poverty and take global development progress back three decades, primarily in emerging economies. Under this bad situation, do you think social entrepreneurs are able to help to recovery from the COVID-19 crisis? What they can do during this period?.

Please share your opinion with many thanks in advance.

If entrepreneurship is a mindset then social entrepreneurship is also just a mindset or anything more? To answer this question I felt one more dimension to this problem is the personality trait, then further I introspected then felt no more than personality a social entrepreneur should be a person with skills, but cannot be just being emotional.

Dear all,

Social entrepreneurship could be one of the career options for fresh graduate students. However, the primary goal of social entrepreneurship is to create a social value for society, meaning that generating exorbitant money (for the owners of social enterprises) is not its primary agenda. Hence, social entrepreneurship may not be a favorable career option for all students. So, how can minimizing students goal from profit orientation to slowly social orientation?

Thanks in advance.

Management theory was for long dominated by Causation, (just think about Kotler, in other words Planning, Implementing and follow up.) a different theory that has gained momentum in the last years ( Even if it was first launched in 2001 by Saras D Sarasvathy) is the theory of effectuation that is means driven instead of ends driven. I studied those theories quite extensively but found that when it comes to effectuation there is still no consensus, in other words the theory is not yet mature, something that is in my view a bit odd since the theory is 20 years old just about. Why do you think it has taken such a long time for this theory to mature? my second question. What is the relevance of Kotlers Marketing Management today? Still relevant or? Your thoughts?

Want to research on social entrepreneurship, any suggestions on a topic will be appreciated.

We need either a framework for analyzing KPI of innovations or a framework for analyzing best practices in the field of social entrepreneurship (but it can be any other related area).

Hi All,

My PhD research is on the role of social entrepreneurship in helping to sustain the cultural heritage. Apparently, I am stuck - social entrepreneurship and cultural heritage are two big topics.

Sometimes I find myself shifted towards social entrepreneurship and sometimes towards sustaining the cultural heritage. It is like, the more I read, the more confused I am.

My Chapter 1 focus more on the importance of cultural heritage and I barely discuss about social entrepreneurship (I know I should). There are limited reading materials on how social entrepreneurship could contribute positively in the effort of sustaining the cultural heritage. Chapter 2 was supposed to focus on social entrepreneurship, but whatever I wrote, I will find that nothing is making sense.

The longer I got stuck, the more demotivated I become :(

What kind of innovative start-ups are financed through crowdfunding?

Please reply

What would you see, regard, and define as the most lucrative, promising and rewarding entrepreneurship opportunities?

Would it be a) science-based, b) (emerging) technology based, c) radical innovation or mega-projects based, d) existing markets (restructuring and improving efficiency) based, or e) social entrepreneurship based?

Of these options, which would you deem as most promising and which would you deem as least promising?

Which types of kinds of entrepreneurs are therefore best positioned?

The entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship are some concepts which are worked through last years, so do you have any idea on those fields especially within women labor?

I want to examine the working status of cooperatives in Assam in organised and un organised sector and evaluate their performance as social entrepreneurship. And to see the potential CSR fund to avail for the cooperatives in rural areas. Can any body suggest me precise questionnaire and set of obsectives to be included?

Currently, higher education plays an important role in developing entrepreneurship among students. However, there are various didactic methods, thanks to which the entrepreneurship among students is stimulated and improved. What didactic methods are used to stimulate and develop entrepreneurship among students is conditioned by many factors related to the type, organization and functioning of a specific university, prevailing in the country standards of the teaching and higher education system, developed and implemented educational programs and financial resources, as well as a system of financial support for the development of innovative start-ups and other business ventures set up by students, the specificity of functioning and development of university incubators and accelerators of entrepreneurship and innovation.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

The following article describes the key determinants of the importance and need for activating entrepreneurship and innovation for the effective development of economic entities in Poland and improving market efficiency:

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVATING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC AGENTS FUNCTIONING IN THE ECONOMY AND CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TEACHING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Social and Economic Determinants of Effective Development of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Municipality of Otwock in Poland

The Importance of Innovation in Poland's Business and Financial Sectors in The Context of the Country's Economic Development

I invite you to collaborate with me on research projects.

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Presently, I’m doing a research on social entrepreneurship. The main goal of my study is to analyse social entrepreneurship in socio-economic development. My SE research involved three levels of analysis (i.e., individual, organizational, institutional) using qualitative method. Kindly, please suggest me list of relevance item question for interview session.

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

Once you have the idea for an innovative startup, what are the barriers to setting up and developing innovative startups? Are these limited by the source of external financing? Is there no institutional support from the state? Is this related to the significance scale of the issue of activating entrepreneurship and innovation as an important part of pro-development economic policy?

Most startups after 1 - 2 years of functioning cease to function or announce financial bankruptcy and fall out of the market on which they operate. What are the main determinants that lead to this? Are they just wrong strategic decisions of the management of these business entities or other factors?

Key determinants of barriers to the development of innovative startups include financial constraints at the early stage of operations, difficulties in securing subsequent rounds of funding, lack of access to appropriate talent and qualified personnel, as well as insufficient knowledge and experience in business management and scaling. Factors hindering development include complex and unclear legal regulations, high operating costs, strong competition from established enterprises, and lack of access to relevant networks and mentoring. Conditions for overcoming these barriers include the existence of a strong support ecosystem for startups (incubators, accelerators, venture capital funds), favorable government policies, a culture of entrepreneurship and risk acceptance, as well as the availability of educational programs and training for founders. Problems that startups must overcome include building market credibility, acquiring initial customers, protecting intellectual property, and scaling operations while maintaining quality and innovation. New research areas focus on analyzing the impact of the pandemic and economic instability on the barriers to startup development, the role of diversity and inclusion in founding teams, the importance of sustainable development as a competitive advantage factor, and the effectiveness of various forms of public and private support for startups at different stages of their development.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

What are the barriers to setting up and developing innovative startups?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

The following article describes the key determinants of the importance and need for activating entrepreneurship and innovation for the effective development of economic entities in Poland and improving market efficiency:

THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVATING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OF ECONOMIC AGENTS FUNCTIONING IN THE ECONOMY AND CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN TEACHING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Social and Economic Determinants of Effective Development of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in the Municipality of Otwock in Poland

The Importance of Innovation in Poland's Business and Financial Sectors in the Context of the Country's Economic Development

I invite you to collaborate with me on research projects.

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I conducted a qualitative study on entrepreneurship and sustainable growth. I'm looking for a tool to do a follow up quantitative study that measures the relationship between the entrepreneur's characteristics and growth. I'm looking for a validated tool that I could use (preferably free) in this study.

Activation of innovativeness and entrepreneurship of economic processes, especially in the field of stimulating the business activity of enterprises from the SME sector is the key issue of potential improvement of the economic growth rate of the country, increase in employment, production, investments, income, etc.

Activation of innovation and entrepreneurship of economic processes is also one of the key determinants of pro-development, counter-cyclical, interventionist economic policy.

In connection with the above, I am asking you the following question:

In your opinion, what are the most effective instruments for activating innovation and entrepreneurship in economic processes?

Please reply

Best wishes

I'm starting a project in this area covering poverty reduction, and I'm willing to know what is the current pertinent discussion.

many thanks in advance.

What instruments of activating innovation and entrepreneurship are used in your country and what is the effectiveness of using these instruments?

Are innovation and entrepreneurship significantly increasing in your country as a result of the application of specific instruments for activating innovation and entrepreneurship?

Effectively developed innovation and entrepreneurship should translate into improved growth and economic development.

Therefore, in many developed countries, the state develops programs to support entrepreneurship and innovation.

However, various instruments are used to activate innovation and entrepreneurship in individual countries.

In addition, taking into account the diversified level of economic development and the unequal conditions for the development of enterprises, the effectiveness of applying specific instruments for the activation of innovation and entrepreneurship in individual countries may also be uneven.

Has any of you conducted research in this area?

I am asking for links to scientific publications in which the results of research on the above issues have been presented.

Therefore, I am asking you the following questions:

What instruments of activating innovation and entrepreneurship are used in your country and what is the effectiveness of using these instruments?

Are innovation and entrepreneurship significantly increasing in your country as a result of the application of specific instruments for activating innovation and entrepreneurship?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Barriers to the development of entrepreneurship and innovation can be many. In particular countries this issue looks different. For example, in some developing countries the main barrier is the lack of start-up financing programs from loan funds and public sector subsidies. while in some developed countries the main barriers include high labor costs, high taxes, high competition, etc. In order for the country to develop, in order to record high economic growth of a given economy, these barriers to entrepreneurship and innovation should be reduced, reduced and removed. In each country, certain small or large barriers to the development of entrepreneurship and innovation can be identified. if they are small or large it can also be a relative issue. In order to accurately diagnose them, it is necessary to carry out multi-criteria comparative analyzes in which, on the basis of precisely selected and developed measures, objective comparative studies of determinants of development and barriers to entrepreneurship and innovation of particular countries were carried out. Based on the results of these studies, it would be clear that barriers to entrepreneurship and innovation should first be reduced and removed. The issue of reducing these barriers is particularly important in today's emerging knowledge-based economies, in which the fourth technological revolution has already been diagnosed and identified as Industry 4.0. I do not think that at present there is no country where the high level of significance of this problem would not be recognized.

In view of the above, the current question is: Barriers to the development of entrepreneurship and innovation in current knowledge-based economies?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Kelly Mix has shown that young children in urban US acquire elements of base-10 thinking as early as 3 years old. But would young children in African villages, where subsistence farming forms the basis of the economy, experience this effect? My own research suggests 'no' - but Mix's research suggests that there may be ways to prime such skills, especially through smartphones. 

Are there research and development programs in your countries for cooperation between territorial self-governments and enterprises to activate entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities?

In recent years, cooperation programs of territorial self-governments with enterprises have been developed in some countries to activate entrepreneurship and innovativeness of business entities.

Because in developed countries information, innovations, new technologies and entrepreneurship are considered as one of the most important factors of the country's economic development and, as a consequence, also economic growth measured, for example, by the Gross Domestic Product in subsequent years.

In addition, research and research and implementation works are conducted in these themes, which further underline the high level of significance of innovation, new technologies and entrepreneurship in contemporary national economies.

In connection with the above, I would like to ask you the following question: Are there research and development programs in your countries for cooperation between territorial self-governments and enterprises to activate entrepreneurship and innovation of business entities?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Hi all,

I'm thinking of using cognitive maps in my research on community-based social enterprises in rural areas. My research focuses on the way in which activities undertaken by community-based social enterprises are influenced by the (rural) context in which the organisations operate (and vice-versa).

I'm planning on conducting interviews with the different leading social entrepreneurial actors within different community-based social enterprises. I'm currently thinking about using cognitive maps during those interviews, to help get a better understanding of the way in which the social entrepreneurial actors perceive their environment. By this, I mean asking participants to draw the organisation and its environment on a piece of paper, as to make their conception explicit.

I'm looking for tips on how to use cognitive maps / drawings during an interview. Therefore, I wonder if you can help me with the following questions:

- Do you know any research that is illustrative of the usage of cognitive maps / drawings during interviews?

- Do you have experience using cognitive maps / drawings in qualitative research? If yes, what are tips and tricks that you can share?

Thanks for your help!

Kind regards, Mara

Hi all,

Who do you think is doing the most important social entrepreneurship leadership research? What theories & journals do you think are most relevant and creating the most insight. We are doing some work in the area, which we can share with you, and would like to hear your thoughts and also hear who you thinking we should be reading to deepen our understanding. Thanks.

Hello, I am Karen, I am starting my Phd in Business and Management sciences, and I am interested in do research about social entrepreneurship, I started with entrepreneurial ecosystems, but I would like to know If could be a good idea to put the both topics together, if not, I would be more aligned to the Social Entrepreneurship, if someone can help me to find gaps in this area, I would be so grateful, and I want to apply it for Mexico, but I am struggling about to which path follow, so if someone better informed about this topic can help me I would appreciate it.

Dear colleagues,

could you please recommend me any research about early-stage development of social enterprise?

Sincerely,

Audrone Urmanaviciene

Dear colleagues,

Do You have any suggestions what tools/ methods can be used to measure social impact and/or social performance of social firms?

Sincerely,

Audrone Urmanaviciene

In my quest for finding a scale for measuring social innovation, I have come across a social innovation attitude scale which was developed for students and RESINDEX i.e. regional social innovation index. Still I am looking for Social innovation scale. If anyone can help, I will be obliged.

Many thanks

Hi, I will do a qualitative research on the impact of social entrepreneurship on the empowerment of people with disabilities. I will conduct both semi structured interviews (first) and focus groups. There will be 18 interview participants (people with disabilities). However, I am not sure If I should invite different people to the focus groups?

Thank you.

I need inputs on business plan including how to make the village financially viable to support itself and enable people to stay in the same village using some economic activities. 

How do you see the role of compassion in social entrepreneurship? Does it have a role in entrepreneurship? Are you familiar with work on compassion?

Anyone wants to cite their 'social entrepreneurship' paper in a detailed review paper currently in progress? Please share your paper/link. Social entrepreneurship papers specifically on emerging economies are requested.

I am planning to start my research on social entrepreneurship marketing. As a potential tool, i am interested in social media. So far I am struggling to get journals, articles and thesis paper related to social media marketing of social enterprises.

In the Romanian rural area there is a high share of inactive people (four out of ten people in working age are inactive persons). People with low education and training levels, domestic women, long-term unemployed, elderly workers, people with disabilities, etc., have a high share among inactive people.What are good practices to support Social Entrepreneurship in Romanian Rural Areas?

Could EO affect entrepreneurial intention in university students? 

I am conducting a research that connects Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention. Please, some literature linking both constructs?

I need to find out how a theory can guide or inform practice in the business world and accounting. What issues are involved in translating theory into practice?