Social Economy - Science topic

Both progressive tax systems and direct financial social transfers can play important roles in reducing income inequality, but their effectiveness may vary based on implementation, societal attitudes, and the existing economic infrastructure.

A comprehensive approach , dear Dariusz Prokopowicz , that combines elements of both may often yield the best results. For example, a progressive tax system can fund direct transfers while also supporting government programs that provide services to lower-income individuals. Ultimately, it's important for policymakers to consider the specific context of their society, including economic conditions, existing welfare programs, and public opinion, when choosing the most effective strategies to combat income inequality.

We almost never have medical cooperatives and this is very interesting to establish in our country

What concept you use for a perfect market? Sounds a bit neo-classical microeconomics to me … and that is a different set of thought linking to circular economy / sustainability/ external economies …

Plastic packaging bags are consumer friendly and easy-to-use.

Consumers only have to pope up or tear the package for accessing the content in the packet.

Plastic Packaging: Advantages & Disadvantages | ALPPM

The turn of the Earth's journey can no longer be stopped, and it is not because the sustainable social economy can become a PROGRESSIVE AND STABLE economic model, it is that there is no other option. The change has to take place "yes or yes". But setting achievable objectives in the short or medium term. These changes see that there is an existing model that must not be eradicated, but transformed, since the business sector has certain facilities and infrastructures and therefore still stable. You cannot close without a gradual transition process. Taking down and building again is not the solution. For example, there are sectors that seem to belong only to the "Memory of the past", but we can make the turn starting by thinking about the reuse and development of many of the abandoned or semi-abandoned Rural Sectors.

Why are the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus pandemic SARS-CoV-2 not being implemented or implemented to a very limited extent in the construction sector under the anti-crisis shields launched in individual countries, which aim to quickly restore the economy after the Coronavirus pandemic?

Many economic data already support the thesis that the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus pandemic on the global economy is likely to be very large. Many enterprises in the tourist, hotel, catering, cosmetics services, etc. are currently losing most, almost all, or all customers because people are afraid of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection (causing Covid-19) and this is also due to various restrictions moving away from home and introducing an order or recommendation to stay at home as part of preventive quarantine in many countries. As a result, many companies are already recording large declines in sales and profits, limiting employment and / or stopping their business. In connection with these negative aspects of the deepening recession, many current economic data already confirm the thesis that probably now (April 2020) in many countries an economic crisis is beginning, which may after a few months turn into a debt crisis of the state finance system. If this situation occurs in many countries, then in 2020 the global economy will most likely slow down its growth by several percent. compared to the previous year. Therefore, it is necessary to permanently improve and increase the scale of anti-crisis socio-economic policy planned, developed and implemented both at the level of individual countries as well as within coordinated international activities. In some countries, pro-development, interventionist, anti-crisis programs have already been launched to save business entities from mass bankruptcy by introducing additional temporary tax breaks or exemptions, subsidies to employees' remuneration under fiscal policy. On the other hand, as part of monetary policy, central banks reduce interest rates, launch loans for commercial banks on preferential terms, buy lost loans from commercial banks and / or implement sovereign bond buy-back programs to maintain liquidity in the commercial and public financial system of the state. However, interventionist economic policy programs involving the launch of large investment projects in the construction sector financed from the public finance system funds are used to a limited extent. Does the period of economic downturn caused by the development of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus pandemic and the introduced anti-pandemic safety instruments (temporary suspension of production in many enterprises and the closure of many service plants) last too short to launch large investment projects in the construction sector, or is it lacking type of money goals in the state finance sector? After all, such development-oriented instruments would create many jobs and could be an important factor in anti-crisis economic policy. Regardless of what exactly large investment projects would relate to, whether they would be programs for the construction of housing estates or the construction of large communication infrastructure facilities for the development of car communication arteries, highways, new power plants as part of the development of renewable energy sources, renovation of railway stations, expansion of airports, facilities rainwater retention system, etc., during the implementation of each of these investments many new jobs would be created and new infrastructural durable economic goods would be created, thanks to which in the following years economic processes would be carried out more efficiently and efficiently.

In connection with the above, I am asking you the following question: Why are the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus pandemic SARS-CoV-2 not being implemented or implemented to a very limited extent in the construction sector under the anti-crisis shields launched in individual countries, which aim to quickly restore the economy after the Coronavirus pandemic?

Please reply,

What is your opinion on this topic?

I am asking for an answer and invite you to a discussion,

Thank you very much and best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear Paul. my apologies if I sound too rough, I am here just to share ideas, not to impose ideas.

Just as red socialist countries missed the opportuniy to transition from economy unfriendly red socialism to economy friendly red socialism to close the social sustainability gap step by step as Karl Marx wanted pure capitalist countries have not find the way to shift properly either to socially friendly capitalism or green capitalism.....in both cases the shift came and they did not see it coming just as Thomas Kuhn said it happens....those inside the box do not see it, those outside the box will see it,,,in borh cases we are now trying to fix what they left us....

But China under this red market knowledge gap made some key moves way before the 1991 fall of red socialism that allow it to maintain political control of a dwarf red socialism model left as they slowly allowed capitalism in....

You may find the following article interesting as you are familiar with things on the ground in China....

Nationalization as Privatization in Reverse: Understanding the Nature of the Commons to Identify a Possible Point of Optimal Nationalization.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281244564_Nationalization_as_Privatization_in_Reverse_Understanding_the_Nature_of_the_Commons_to_Identify_a_Possible_Point_of_Optimal_Nationalization

Feel free to comment any time

Respectfully yours;

Lucio

Dear Prof Munck.

In my country Indonesia, the concept of social enterprise has been emerging over the last decade. However, the regulation has not yet come to take a part. Most of the activities in social enterprises belong to informal sector. This seems to be different to some countries in EU, which already set the social enterprise as a legal form. I believe that the concept of social innovation is also different for country to country. I hope to see you at the EMES research network.

Hi Germán,

The Vice-Ministry of Micro and Small Enterprises from Bolivia has launched the National Program on Urban and Periurban Agriculture, which - among others -aims at strengthening food security and plural economies. I will systematize the national experience. If you are interested on this or have any specific question about it, feel free to send me a message to my RG inbox.

Suerte! 

Dear Yuri, thank you for commenting....

You should keep in mind, I am not a traditional economist/neoclassical or otherwise; and I am not in the Marxist's camp, I am an outside the box thinker looking from the outside at both paradigm shifts, the  1991 paradigm shift from red socialism to socially friendly capitalism/red markets/the end  of the world of Karl Marx; and the 2012 paradigm shift from the traditional market model to green markets/the end of the world for perfect market thinking...

I can see things that those inside the box can not see as when there is a paradigm shift the knowledge base of the previous paradigm is left behind and no longer works in the new paradigm....

China was lucky in my view, the started allowing some capitalism, and even tried to advice the soviets in doing the same, and then when the soviet bloc fell they allowed more....because they allowed capitalism in a control manner and they allowed from starting at the bottom/local/assets  they retain political power centrally.... and because the soviet bloc refuse to allowing capitalism in even in a controlled manner there was not choice after the 1991 soviet breakup other than allow capitalism to come in at force/little control....China keep political stability and the other former red socialist countries went into an initial period of economic chaos...

Point is:

All former socialist countries including China shifted from red socialism to socially friendly capitalism or economy friendly red socialism....in the new market...Marxist ideas do not work and traditional economic ideas, micro and macro, do not work either...therefore there is a red market or economy friendly red socialism knowledge gap right now....The same in all old capitalist countries the shift to green markets has created a green market knowledge gap as traditional economic theory do not work here, in green market you need perfect green market theory and green pricing....

Yuri you may find these articles interesting as food for thoughts:

a) China appears to have been doing the right moves to keep power since before the  1991 fall of soviet bloc....they have follow the principle of inverse action without knowing..."when you go from full nationalization to privatization you need to start allowing capitalism slow, from local assets/assets of no national relevance  up to national assets/assets of national relevance"...until achieving a point of optimal nationalization...

Nationalization as Privatization in Reverse: Understanding the Nature of the Commons to Identify a Possible Point of Optimal Nationalization

Adam Smith and Karl Marx Under the Sustainability Eye: Pointing Out and Comparing the Sustainability Gaps Behind these Two Great Simplification Failures

Adam Smith Vrs Karl Marx: Stating the Structure and Implications of the Paradigm Clash that Led to the Death of Karl Marx’s World, to the Fall of the Soviet Bloc, and to the Rise of Socially Friendly Capitalism.

Karl Marx Vrs Sustainability Markets: Who would have won the cold war then? Would the World of Karl Marx Have Existed Then?

Paradigm Evolution and Sustainability Thinking: Using a Sustainability Inversegram to State Paradigm Death and Shift Expectations under Win-Win and No Win-Win Situations

Have a nice day Yuri

My book "Economic Aspects of Omnipotence" could help you understanding better the fetishism of commodity and culture.

Best regards.

For a political economy argument in historical perspective I'd recommend Iversen and Wren (1998) article in World Politics. One of the main insights is that in a manufacturing-led economy (eg Western Europe before 1975) compressed wages boost growth cause relative prices fall; in a services-led economy (after 1975) where productivity gains are smaller solidaristic wages slow growth exactly cause minimum wages are set too high. 

Timothy Randhir--Thank you.  Our interest is in a traditional triple bottom line approach, so income/race and other criteria do play a role depending on the jurisdiction.  We have considered use of SPSS on the same.  Your response was appreciated.

You shoud integrate strategic management and quality assurance, where quality assurance make sure that strategic objectives can be achieved:

There are several literatures. A first one, again in the realm of the shadow economy like Arslan Austin, is a big literature on 'tax morale'. A second literature is the literature on institutional theory which examines the asymmetry between the condified laws and regulations of formal institutions and the norms, values and beliefs of formal institutions. Look on my ResearchGate page by clicking on my name to find plenty of papers on both issues in post-socialist societies. 

Hello Makuachukwu Gabriel Ojide,

I have a work with a partner and we created a index for evaluating livelihood. However this paper will be published in January 2016, so we cannot tell the methodology of the index. What we can do is share with you a method that uses an author called Sergio Sepulveda and it can be usefull (text in spanish).

Regards

In Romania , authorities introduced in 2000  the ''minimum monthly consume basket", containing food and non-food products, also services. (the Emergency Ordinance no.217/2000).  The minimum wage was then settled according to this index. But in 2005, this law was abandoned and now with the minimum wage, settled by the government, it is virtually impossible to cover all costs for one month, taking into account that the cost of goods and services is now more or less the same like in the developed countries of Western Europe. Besides, the phenomenon of people working without official contracts is quite common, so, the minimum wage is a fact only in the public institutions, and just symbolic  in the private sector.

It is an error to compare minimum wages of different countries without taking into to account the cost of life and other factors.  Otherwise, the research is just a nice exercise of applied mathematics.

If you use google translate from Romanian to English, you can find out more details in these articles: 

Hello Jacqueline!

I agree with Mary-Helen regarding defining Young adults as people between 18-25 years old as many researchers are defining this age group nowadays in USA and in some European countries. Be aware that in some countries, young adults are like teenagers - developing their identity and testing many fields, so many do not have stable works as adults over 30 years old. Even in the injury field you can find that Young adults have higher injury rates in comparisson to teenagers and adults over 30 years old because they are like teenagers with legal rights to drive and drink.

About SES: search for level of education, type of employment, level of income and type of housing. As well as parents' level of income and occupation. If it is possible: disponible income and/or capacity to save 100 euros every month.

Thanks and sincere regards to all participating academicians, intellectuals, and researchers.

Dear Lukman and dear Adrian!

I have a sincere request that we as learners have noting to fight but to learn and enrich our knowledge in a democratic and peaceful manner.

I am sorry if I have annoyed anybody.

I will be brief. By definition, all qualitative research usually use diversified methodologies. And second, the methodology you are going to use depends first, on the research question you have and second, the conditions of the fieldwork. In other words, "the effects of macro-economic changes to households" is not precise enough to define what type of qualitative methodologies you really need to develop. If I understand you well, you originally planed to do a quantitative research, but since it does not work anymore, then you are moving back to something more qualitative. I am not sure this is the right approach. To me, the right approach should be to ask yourself how the existence of a new set of data affect your research (question). Second, what do you really want to answer. And third how you are going to answer it. The last point would be your methodology. Then, you can choose semi-structure interviews, recording of "life stories" (followed or not by a content analysis), focus groups, filming, participant observation -- or a mix of all that. Most of the time, there are no "typical" qualitative methodologies,  but the researcher needs to be a bit imaginative to see how to answer his research question. I hope this helps.

I would say that one of the key things to factor in is the time period being studied and the country being studied. "Middle Class" can have different meanings in say, the U.K. and the United States, and the role of the middle classes has changed through time. Richard Sennett and Jonathan Cobb The Hidden Injuries of Class. provide a good starting point, however.

You may find some information at:

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13336.pdf.

or here

http://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/upload/Kuwait/Kuwait%20MDG.pdf.

and here you may find the estimated Lorenz curves for the Kuwaiti distributions are given in the table below (in percentages): 

Quintile 1986 1999

Poorest

Quintile

7.99 8.46

Second

Quintile

12.29 12.26

Third Quintile 16.51 16.13

Fourth Quintile 22.25 21.45

Richest

Quintile

40.97 41.69

Gini

Coefficient

32.85 31.47

We are working on those indicators at the IMS (instituto de Moneda Social), Ángel! Would you like to join us?

I found Clyde Prestowitz's analysis of the Post-crisis America (in his book, the Betrayal of American Prosperity) in relation to the rest of the world to be penetrating. Arguing for a return to the trajectory set in the pre-Reagan era.  Especially in terms of what type of globalization  is desirable and the areas of neglect (mostly institutional) if rectified that would put America back on a surer footing. Hailing from Asia, it gave me a peek into an alternative perspective - through the lens of an analyst that has his sights on a declining economic giant. Proving once again that decline, like prosperity, is an ever-present danger, prefiguring halts and hurdles to Asian growth if it doesn't learn from the lessons of economic history ( which may not be regional-centric and may be as relevant to all even though it concerns: America's, Europe, or even Japan for that matter). I believe we need to have a broader understanding of the underlying progression or policies and where this takes us in terms of the likely developmental trajectory. Clyde does a fantastic job of "cliometrics" while providing a running commentary on the relevant economic empirics...

Zafer,

Cost-benefit analysis is traditionally (an in keeping with the supporting economic theory) conducted at the societal level.  Precisely as Shivappa points out, what seems a benefit for some may cost others, therefore the societal perspective will provide the most convincing cost-benefit results.  Any CBA, however, can be presented from a number of perspectives within the society.  In your example, you could for instance present the following perspectives: (1) Community A + (2) all others = (3) society.

Best,

Tina

If by "higher level of mathematical thinking" you understand use of it, i agree, if you understand going into more abstraction only, i disagree.

Teach the square root together with something people do and they may understand. Teach geometry and trigonometry with a pinch of construction engineering and people will understand better. Teach arithmetic with a bit of business and they will get-it. Teach probability with card games, statistics with marketing, and so on.

I think that the key issue to decide at the outset is whether you want to formalise their economic activity or whether you want to provide greater social protection for the street vendors themselves. These are two separate issues which are often confused. I think that most scholars and policy makers think that by formalising the work of street vendors, this will result in them having greater social protection. However, it may be better to start with thinking about how to provide them with greater social protection and not to think about formalising their economic activity. Martha Chen is very good on this subject who is at Harvard University

It is very relevant to do that. The variable 'level of education completed' has always been very useful in the analysis of individual's or group 's social positioning especially in our modern society in which the notion of education plays salient role in people's economic mobility and so on. But be aware that the so-called 'minority' could be a minority with the highest level of education and who may also be privileged to dominate the economy or political system of a country, a region or locality. For example, In Ireland, the Protestants used to be the dominant group over the Catholic majority population who were less educated and very poor compared to the very few well-educated and very wealthy Protestants due to their privileged background with the Protestant Britain that colonised Ireland.