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Social Development - Science topic

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How do you balance economic growth and need for balance among economic growth social development and environment protection?
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Economics does not work magic, dear Rk Naresh Human economic action is based on priorities and value preferences. So, any achievable balance is about a ranking of your mentioned factors; this depends on the cumulated value preferences of and in any given human society. Currently, I do perceive globally a ‚religious’ domination of the materialist paradigm, which is based on quantitative economic growth, i.e. the materialist consumer society as world wealth model. The sermons on social and ecological sustainability are, at the moment, only a fig leaf to cover the rising problems of human survival on this planet, i.e. I cannot identify a real political pathway to a social and ecological market economy, where fair global trade would enhance our mutual survival.
Everyone carries a part of society on his shoulders; no one is relieved of his share of responsibility by others. And no one can find a safe way out for himself if society is sweeping toward destruction. Therefore, everyone, in his own interests, must thrust himself vigorously into the intellectual battle. None can stand aside with unconcern; the interest of everyone hangs on the result. Whether he chooses or not, every man is drawn into the great historical struggle, the decisive battle into which our epoch has plunged us. ― Lv Mises
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Education is the basic parameter of the social development and poverty alleviation. The more we educated more we will be able to uplift ourselves. All we need for the educational planner have to give a sense of confidence to the public that if you are educated you will be self-reliant but unfortunately our educational system is unable to provide confidence in the public? Until unless education is unable to translate into employment it is of no use for persons living below the poverty. Are our system addresses such concerns?
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There is no unequivocal answer about the relationship between science, technology and education. It is believed that the youth should not be educated too broadly. Education planning should be linked to the state strategy for the development of science and technology. No matter how big and serious a country is, like India is, there is a diversification of knowledge. Education should be planned in accordance with expected breakthroughs in certain areas of knowledge, which the state supports. In this sense, modern physicists who point to the importance of geography should be understood. People of certain geographical areas have a different culture, and science is closely related to the culture of that region and that time. In doing so, two facts should be kept in mind, at least according to what I know. The education of future scientists should be in line with humanism, that is, students of technical sciences should also have a certain level of knowledge in the humanities. Second, the education of the population must go in the direction of the ability to accept modern technologies. I accept the position of the RAND Corporation, which believes that the inability of the population of any society to accept new technologies is one of the world's greatest challenges. Also, it should be borne in mind that science is first developed for military needs, and then civilian ones, so that education planning, especially public, should also include this component.
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human rights and social development
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Human rights can be used as a tool to promote social development. When every human being is treated equally as enshrined in the various human rights instruments, including the constitution of every nation, the citizens will be able to contribute their own qouta to the social and economic development of their respective countries. For instance, in the area of politics and public life, giving women equal opportunity in democratic process will enhance their meaningful contribution to socio-ecomic development of their nation
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Hi,
I would like my dissertation topic to be reviewed by anyone that has a moment please. Its a topic i am willing to work on for my PhD.
Topic: Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria: Bridging the gap between Private sector and the needs of the community through social development hubs.
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Impact of corporate social responsibility in Nigeria
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I am working in the field of social sustainability research. I am struggling to find the theories used in Social Sustainability. Actually, for the development of the theoretical framework of my thesis, I need a theory that explains social sustainability and its themes, for example, Health, Transportation availability, Satisfied with Space, Open Space, and so on.
Would you please help me to provide the information about which theory can explain social sustainability and its themes?
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Many Thanks Khaled Mahmoud Heba
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Hello fellow researchers,
Could you please recommend which instrument is suitable for measuring Dweck's Growth Mindset for primary school-age children (age 8-12 or age 10-12)? and preferable if there is a Dutch version of it.
Thank you very much
Best,
Edita
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EJ1212905.pdf (ed.gov)
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I plan to use it in an undergraduate course.
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You may want to consider specific examples of case-study themes of societal change. For example, traditional learning relied on memory and non-government education into the last half of the 20th-century. Whereas, 21st-century learning is transitioning back to independent and communal learning using digital communication and artificial memory (e.g. cell phones, computers) which influence and change social development.
Specific historic and current examples from several countries are used in my Relating to Ancient series of books. Here are a few quotes to see if my work fits your criteria.
1."...The ability to learn, memorize, think, theorize, conceptualize and calculate are crucial to societal development. Artificial memory is likely hampering all” (Relating to Ancient Learning as it influences the 21st Century, p. 346).
2. “…Interrupted by the ever-incoming emails, media notices, social media pop-ups, text, and cellphone calls, it appears electronic communications designed to make employees more efficient is actually decreasing productivity and especially long-term conceptual thinking” (Learning, pg. 378).
3. "Local, national, and world leisure will decrease innovation as more time will be spent relaxing, not inventing" (Relating to Ancient Culture and the mysterious agent changing it, p. 253).
Check out links in tabs: Megatrends, Discussions, Presentations, Audio at www.RelatingtoAncients.com.
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I am carrying out a research on improving social teaching strategies for preschool children in kindergarten. I will summarize teaching strategies to improve children's social development through in-depth understanding of Reggio, Montessori, Multiple Intelligence and other education models. I hope you can help me provide professional resources and literature, especially relevant research on international mainstream teaching mode. Thank you very much!
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If they are EFFECTIVE !, it is obvious and it goes without saying that there will be improvement; As the question is formulated, it is a TAUTOLOGY! ... Did you mean, perhaps, AFFECTIVE INSTEAD OF EFFECTIVE?
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Hope this is acceptable, but having reached a point in my career where I can return to teaching, I am actively searching for any online teaching positions in Developmental Psychology. My research focus has been on cognitive and social development, taking an information processing approach. If any one is aware of any appropriate opportunities and can direct me it would be very much appreciated. Regards. Jaime Goldfarb.
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Try to search in ResearchGate jobs, and contact with the employer. Send to them your CV and your interest.
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Is architecture a product of a person’s fear of something specific?
When fear is not in the emergence of architecture: Was the first human dealing with building architecture in order to protect against the danger of animals?
So he made the door, and out of the hot and cold air, he made windows. A person is afraid of something and gives a certain measure in it, and these enter into the human area, And fear here is evidence of the existence of architecture.
And when an architectural movement appears, what it aims at in meeting certain requirements regarding technological or social developments, and it is a reason for the emergence of the pioneers of the old architecture movement that confronts the technological (as something new) or that the new is derived from the old.
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At the very first acquaintance with the question of the role of emotions in architecture, its theory and history, the apparent lack of interest in the emotional impact of architecture in many professional works is striking. Especially rarely do works on the history and theory of architecture concern emotions.
It seems that the more serious the work, the less space is given to feelings.
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Hello!
I study contextual factors (including cultural factors) that determine the socio-emotional development of children aged 10 and 15 years. This study is part of the SSES international study - The Study on Social and Emotional Skills. Are there any similar studies on russian samples?
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I have a background both in business management and social development. I would like to find management strategies that will create an impact on social development strategies in near future.
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I'd argue that 'social development' is primarily a question of ontology whereas management strategies are methodological in nature. So, I think it would be useful to first clarify quite carefully what you mean by (how you view) social development. Multiple views and theories exist, of course. I can, however, recommend Yrjö Engström's take on Vygotsky's 'Activity theory' as both plausible and practical, especially as it can be applied across all age groups and most situations.
The strategies and tactics for managing change emerge fairly obviously from whichever (social development) theory you begin from. I can recommend checking out the policy and project reports from the major UN (World Bank) and donor 'development' agencies. Their databases contain a wealth of info on approaches that have been tried under varying circumstances. I suggest though that you check what happened (to any projects that interest you) 5-10 years or more after final reports, as changes that look like they're working often fail after their champions move on.
Good luck and happy research, Lorinne
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What does Financing and Taxation look like in the digital age context? How would there be a "cashless" world but only with "virtual money "?
The current challenges at the global level are multiple, considering the current models regarding the financing and the supervision at the global level, the virtual currencies, the time banks, the food banks, the fintechs, points credit card based on work done, etc. Moreover, for the sustainable social development starting from the 17 SDGs set out in the UN Agenda, as well as from the Fiscalis 2020 programs (The Fiscalis 2020 Programs / Taxation and Customs Union, the cooperation of the national tax authorities at European level), you consider that they can lead to a world interconnected and working through the digital financial system. It could be a model at the global level and for the society as a whole, the orientation being related to the well-being of the individual in the society.
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An articles that causes us to decide to do the research about the new fiscal architecture globally is Decentralized Finance: An Emerging Alternative to the Global Financial System published 6 months ago on March 6, 2019 by Frank Cardona https://www.visualcapitalist.com/decentralized-finance/ and The 7 Major Flaws of the Global Financial System published 7 months ago on February 13, 2019 by Jeff Desjardins https://www.visualcapitalist.com/7-major-flaws-global-financial-system/ .
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It is not the weak quality of education in LDCs that hinders its contribution to economic and social development, but the formal and informal institutional factors that are invaded by corruption and feeble role of law ...
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The efficiency of the government is one of the most important variables that work and effect on the development of the economy, and the variables of governance like political stability, high control over corruption, and the high quality  Rule of law, are important variables that act as a supportive environment for education and business and exploitation of human resources of various kinds, educated and uneducated, I agree that corruption and weak law are one of the most important variables effecting education.
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Just think about it, red socialism came under extreme capitalism pressure that was forcing it to either adapt or evolve, pressure that led to adapting as new capitalist markets since 1991.....
Those in favor of adaptation in 1991 had the advantage that there was no traditional market paradigm shift knowledge gap as micro and macroeconomic knowledge is a given so they knew what to do and the paradigm flip took place from socially friendly, but economic unfriendly red socialism to socially unfriendly, but economic friendly capitalism.....
Those in favor of evolving had the disadvantage in 1991 as there was a deep red market paradigm shift knowledge gap as red micro and red macroeconomic knowledge did not exist so they did not know what to do and let the paradigm flip go unchallenged.....so the shift needed to keep Karl Marx's dream alive did not take place, the shift from socially friendly, but economy unfriendly red socialism to the socially and economy friendly red socialism or red market model.
The ideas shared above raise the question, Is the red market paradigm shift knowledge gap behind the flip from red socialism to pure capitalism? I think yes, what do you think?
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Dear Paul. my apologies if I sound too rough, I am here just to share ideas, not to impose ideas.
Just as red socialist countries missed the opportuniy to transition from economy unfriendly red socialism to economy friendly red socialism to close the social sustainability gap step by step as Karl Marx wanted pure capitalist countries have not find the way to shift properly either to socially friendly capitalism or green capitalism.....in both cases the shift came and they did not see it coming just as Thomas Kuhn said it happens....those inside the box do not see it, those outside the box will see it,,,in borh cases we are now trying to fix what they left us....
But China under this red market knowledge gap made some key moves way before the 1991 fall of red socialism that allow it to maintain political control of a dwarf red socialism model left as they slowly allowed capitalism in....
You may find the following article interesting as you are familiar with things on the ground in China....
Nationalization as Privatization in Reverse: Understanding the Nature of the Commons to Identify a Possible Point of Optimal Nationalization.
Feel free to comment any time
Respectfully yours;
Lucio
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"Sustainable development is a development that meets today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs"
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Thanks a lot Arno, We have the moral obligation, as intellectuals, to make known, in any way, these truths. How many people have to know and understand the reality until it's too late.
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As a researcher, if you are given the opportunity to frame a policy for; Holistic development either for an individual, group or community which single area would you select. Please do give only the name of the area only. Thank You
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EDUCATION !
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Government plays a key role in a country’s economic and social development. Not having as a primary objective to make profit, public sector entities seek to effectively provide goods and services that improve and maintain the citizens' welfare level. Unlike private sector companies which generate a measurable stream of profit and revenue, the measurement of government performance is harder and more complex. A General Government Performance Index was developed through relevant sources (World Bank, WGI/WDI, Social Progress Index, the Global Competitiveness Index, etc). I am looking for useful answer(s) on the factors that could government performance.
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Hi , Yosra Gafsi,
I am Demelash from Ethiopia, Your topic is atractive. I also have an interest to write over it. Our country is developing country and there is an economical, social and political problem. To solve those problems the rule of the government is very high, but when we see our performance it is very poor. So we will learn so much from your research result more.
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Hi, Following article is published in a journal FIRM published by ARMG Publishing, Sumy State University, Ukraine. Abstract and web link are given here bellow.
Hope, you will find it interesting. I well-come your comments and critics that will help me to make my views more precise. Regards, Harshad Dave
Title: "Elementary investigation on Division of Labour, Part 1"
fmir_212_303
Authors: Harshad Dave,
Pages: 87-103
DOI: 10.21272/fmir.2(3).87-103.2018
Abstract If the “Division of Labour” is just a process of selecting work point in social system and network by a man not only for retaining self existence but to realize the living of his dream, it is too superficial analysis of a vital term of economics. Human society could evolve with the help and application of discoveries and inventions (in short – DIs) successfully applied on natural resources. It also required for material support and application of labor to secure targeted results. This process warranted a systematic coordination among application of DIs, exploration, control and regulation of natural resources, labor support for the application. Simultaneous and synchronized functioning of above three constituted a process to which we address as the classical coordination. However, the evolution of human society under the classical coordination realized with various preconditions to be complied by men.
Here it is tried to reveal the facts of social development/evolution under the process of classical coordination. The process of division of labor is an inseparable part of the classical coordination. The classical coordination is basic to evolution of human society. The original constitution of evolved division of labor with the evolution of human society under classical coordination is perfect and without any contamination of human unethical values. Unfortunately the spoiled social environment due to frequent and innumerable breaches of preconditions encouraged application of abilities of men (members of the society) in unethical ways/means. It contaminated the naturally evolved process of division of labor. The spoiled process of division of labor introduced disappointment and agony in the minds of the people that were victimized by the unethical application of abilities to favor incompetent people or to secure self interests and ultimately it resulted into a class struggle. The consequential results of contaminated process of division of labor are also discussed in short.
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DIVISION OF LABOR goes beyond segmentation of task within a production line, i.e. assembly line production where different components are assembled at different work station; thus, called stages of production. Division of labor permeates in every aspect of economic activity which may entails works or function, i.e. the existence of different profession, such as doctor, lawyer, etc. is a form of division of labor. By dividing work or task or an entire field of similar work (profession) into category or group of similar, we are able to increase skill level through specialization.
SPECIALIZATION allows the skill level to intensify and reduce cost. As the result society benefits. In the past (at least in Europe), dentists and surgeons are almost synonymous because pulling teeth performing surgery were done at the same place by the same person. As medical science developed, these two tasks are developed into two specialties: dentistry and surgery. This is division of labor that goes beyond a microcosm of line assembly to a macro-level of professional development.
EFFICIENCY is at the heart of division of labor. Whether dividing multiple tasks into stages in different work station within one assembly line or developing groups of skills and body of knowledge into various professions, division of labor allows us to use limited resources at its highest efficiency. The weakness is that with efficiency as the goal, specialization makes people knowing so much of one thing and knows nothing of everything else. Although production cost for a particular "work" goes down at a macro-level, at an individual level, we now have to pay for what we do not know- - - expenses go up. At the end, we look at the whole picture and say as long as the cost savings to society is greater than the net increases in expenses to the individual then it is worth it.
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Most representation of sustainability shared in wikipedia are in my opinion incorrect, but they are there. Here is an example.
Can you see what is wrong in this representation?
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Dear Dariusz, this question is limited to only the proper represetantion of sustainability, whether online or in print. Let;s keep the focus on this question here please. If you have no more to contribute to this specific question, let's leave it then
I have 69 open questions some with not answers yet and some of them directly connected to your interest of "the green economy", a better place for those concerns as each question is focused on key issues and where I shared my views, you are welcome to contribute your views there, this is the link:
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I am looking for resources that can assist me in developing a course module on sociology of development for a bachelors program. It will be great if you can share with me book chapters, articles on theories of development, gender and development, social development, economic development, sustainable development, globalization and development, indicators of development and international development. I will also appreciate any course module outlines that cover any of these topics to help me develop an interesting module for the program
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There is loads of stuff on this if you start on Google
An old chapter of mine
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Key Features
Human computer interaction--historical, intellectual, and social
Developing interactive systems, including design, evaluation methods, and development
tools
The interaction experience, through a variety of sensory modalities including vision, touch, gesture, audition, speech, and language
Theories of information processing and issues of human-computer fit and adaptation
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You should look at screen capture software and eye-tracking. These are useful. It's also worth getting stopwatches to perform time measurements and audio recorders and video cameras to record user actions and vocalisations.
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In an open and globalized economy and considering the financial markets influence, I ask for your collaboration, from a theoretical point of view, to propose economics postulates that can reduce social inequality and give better solutions to complex problems such as sustainable growth and the equitable distribution of wealth. Thank you in advance.
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Sustainable development and their social and economic dimensions
Social development commitments are:
  Eradicate absolute poverty by a date to be determined by each country.
  Support full employment as one of the basic policy objectives.
  Promote social integration based on the promotion and protection of all human rights.
  Achieve equality and equity between women and men.
  Accelerated development in Africa Least developed countries.
  Ensure that social development goals are included in structural adjustment programs.
  Creating an "economic, political, social, cultural and legal environment that enables people to achieve social development".
  Enabling everyone to have equal access to education and primary health care.
  Strengthening cooperation for social development through the United Nations
Economic development is generally defined as the process through which a comprehensive and sustained change occurs, accompanied by an increase in real average income, an improvement in income distribution for the poor, an improvement in the quality of life and a change in the structure of production. According to this definition, development contains a number of elements, the most important of which are:
  Inclusiveness, development is a comprehensive change that involves not only economic, but also cultural, political and social.
  The continuous increase in real income average long period of time, this suggests that development is a long-term process.
  An improvement in the distribution of income in favor of the poor and the alleviation of poverty.
  Need to improve the quality of goods and services provided to individuals
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  • What is the role of African states and institutions in economic and social development of the world?
  • How multilateral development institutions and European Union agencies could contribute to regional development in Africa?
  • What are the opportunities and present risks for Africa today
  • What are the key requests and expectations from Africa for the next decade?
  • What are the major challenges to Africa’s security?
  • Which African platforms provide solutions in a world without borders?
  • Which programs, discussion platforms and international institutions step in to fill the gaps in promoting understanding, unity and equality in Africa?
  • What are the major public-private partnerships and key enabling factors to accelerate investments in Africa?
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Africa's sustainable development agenda, to a large extent depends on its political leadership that must be transformative, by making the right political policies and ensuring its implementation. This imperative is necessary for African countries to channel their resources to infrastructural development by adopting public-private partnership model and motivations for businesses and entrepreneurship to create, innovate and harness her social capital that would engender economic growth and good governance.
Other critical variables include good governance practices, citizens participation in governance processes, embracing research for development policy and practice, citizens' empowerment, technological development, building strong institutions, collaboration with African diaspora communities and the international community for support towards achieving sustainable development agenda.
The major challenge is lack of political will by most African leaders to embrace reforms that would foster national development and undercut their influence and power base. For instance, the issue of restructuring in Nigeria.
Africa should learn how Singapore was transformed from a developing nation to a first class world nation within a short period as a result of transformative leadership.
The international community should support African nations to build citizen-centered political culture for effective and responsive leadership and responsible and active followership towards attaining Africa's sustainable development.
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Recently, there is an increasing discussion concerning the price for scientific literature. At university, it is no problem to get adequate information for free but in non-university villages, it might be impossible to get the current papers of scientific work for a adequate price. What is your experience?
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Dear Tanja, I think that we live in a very contradictory world today, also with respect to scientific literature.
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Now a days there r less research contribution to the society. We are the researcher only thinking how to flourish/ boom our career. What does really it bring to the society? Even though our respondents are not giving their clear cut information on particular matters. Is this the correct way only to flourish our own interest. Please expert provide some opinions.
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Dear Halima Begum
You raise a serious issue. A clear-cut response to your question is not an easy task. What follows is a short answer to your question.
First, I guess that most of the academic research has, say, personal motives in that it is performed because of career requirements or demands, not social motives, that is, oriented to solve social problems. This is the "publish or perish" policy in its splendor, which is a typical and unfortunate USA standard. To publish many papers doesn't necessarily mean good research. It is the opposite that is generally the case. And, say, poor reserach by its very nature cannot solve social problems, nor cannot it give raise to a better knowledge of the unknown, which I see as the main goal of a true researcher.
Second, the publish or perish policy notwithstanding, it may be the case that some of this research can contribute to social progress and a better knowledge of the unknown.As just mentioned, I think that to get a better knowledge of the unknown is what a true reseacher intends to achieve.
Needless to say, the more we know of the unknown the more this knowledge may represent a contribution to society. As you certainly know, basic or fundamental research (see the examples of Newton's or Einstein's research) is not performed to solve social or practical problems, but rather to get a better understanding of the unkown or fulfill reseachers' intellectual curiosity. It is often the case that basic or fundamental research has more social and practical implications than that performed to solve practial problems.
In a nutshell, your interesting question does not have to be framed as an either/or question. First, not all publish or perish research is inherently poor and devoid of social concerns. Second, basic and fundamental research has proven to be one of the best friends of humankind provided that it is not misapplied.
Besr regards,
Orlando
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Undoubtedly Democracy is the best system, but is there any room of improvement?
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1- The democratic system of a democratic country should be taught in schools.
Have the students grow up with the idea that they are going to be the leaders of tomorrow and they must all be informed and engaged by making their voice heard through their vote. In most schools we do teach by example. We have student governments or voting systems when choices need to be made, etc.
2- Voting should be mandatory for all the adult citizens.
There should be some kind of system to set up to ensure that all the able citizens that are eligible to vote actually vote. ( I believe it is possible with the technology we have.)
I would like to see some kind of type of reward to all the citizens that vote. Of course, with a reward there might be some kind of consequence to those that vote.
An idea I have is to give the citizens a certain percentage, 5 % for example, added to their income tax returns if they are to receive a refund and by ricochet leave the refund as is if they do not vote.
For those that have to pay income tax, 5% would be deducted from the amount owed and again, nothing deducted for those that do not vote.
This is just an idea. Perhaps, others have better ideas.
Come to think of it, in my country, Canada, a 20$ Tim Horton gift card might do the trick. LOL
3- Transparency
Transparency must prevail at all echelons of governments.
Politicians have to be honest and actually care about the citizens that they need to vote for them. I am so tired of that shit.
4- Lobbyists
This way of doing deals behind closed doors with politicians should be illegal. No wonder, we, as voters, feel that these so called, democratic governments, are not representing the voice of the people but cater to those big multi nationals that basically bought them.
5- Career welfare transferred from one generation has to be dealt with somehow.
I do not have the perfect answer to this. In my life experience, I have seen this happen. Honestly, they seem to have a better life than those of us that are trying to be productive citizens to our country. Honestly, I think they are on to something.
I know of a family where the wife 'divorced' the husband in order to get welfare. The 'ex' still lives with his family and he too is on welfare and works 'under the table' and has extra undeclared income. They seem to live happy contented lives. Their kids are growing up in that kind of value system and it looks like they are on their way to having the kind of life their parents adopted.
6- Working under the table issue.
We all know it exists. I am sure billions of dollars of untaxed sales go uncollected.
I find that to be simply wrong. There is only so much money any democracy can squeeze out of the middle class that live more or less an honest life.
7- Freedom of speech
Coming from a democratic country, I feel blessed that I can express myself without the fear of being silenced by the leaders of my country.
As long as we are able to express ourselves and voice our concerns, perhaps in time we, as citizens, will MAKE a difference.
I mean, I can still hope that things will imporve... I hope.
8- Civil servant issue... Where do I begin!
Also, I truly believe that civil servants must try to be engaged in actually caring in giving a decent service to its citizens. With extreme passion I simply hate those  1-800 numbers where you end up in some obscure voice mail where no one returns your call. Or if you are lucky, the human on the other end of the phone transfers you and if you are lucky, an other human answers and again you are transferred to an other person on and on it goes until you end up in some obscure voice mail where you do not have the phone number of the actual idiot, I mean civil servant, that is supposed to give a hoot to solve your simple question. This way of doing things is immoral, in my opinion.
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What are your views about Dictatorship, style of political System?
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Learn what a dictatorship is and discover some countries you may not have known are ruled by dictators. Learn what makes a dictatorship and then test your knowledge with a quiz.
What is a Dictator?
A dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the absolute rule of one person or a very small group of people who hold all political power. While a dictatorship is a form of government in some nations, just as monarchy or representative democracy is the form of government in others, dictatorships are seen by non-dictatorships as dangerous and cruel because of the way they tend to treat their citizens.
Dictators and Control
You won't find a dictator who calls himself a dictator. Instead, dictators have ordinary titles such as president, emperor, great leader and similar monikers. That's because 'dictator' is a pejorative term assigned to certain rulers by other nations, particularly the developed nations of the West - that is, countries with thriving economies - such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and many others.
To be considered a dictatorship means that a country is known to be run by one person without any checks and balances on his power. Dictators make unilateral decisions that affect their countries without having to consult any other branch of government. That's because there's no other branch of government that is not controlled by the dictator. Human nature being what it is, dictators don't rise to power for the good of their nations (though they usually claim otherwise). They seize power to benefit themselves, their families and their close political allies.
Dictators usually come to power through some kind of violent struggle, rather than the peaceful passage of power that we take for granted in the United States. In modern times, it's not unusual to hear news stories about dictators being elected by their citizens, when in fact the elections are manipulated through intimidation of voters to ensure the dictator's victory. A cult of personality often surrounds a dictator, driven by myths - typically perpetuated by the government-controlled media - about the ruler that are designed to build him up in the minds of the citizens as an all-knowing divine being who is the only one capable of bringing prosperity to the nation. In cases such as the late Kim Jong-il in North Korea, the ruler is even worshiped as a god.
By Amy Kasza.
Regards!
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Hello researchers,
I am looking for articles on language (speech, vocabulary, and so on) and social development of children and adolescents. Especially I would be interested in materials that introduce theories for those two concepts or integrate them to any extent together.
Thank you
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What role magnanimity can play in our social upbringing?
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For leaders and politicians it is essential, and has served the best leaders such as Lincoln and Churchill.
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I would like to analyse the relationship between the social progress of a country with the level of population growth. What other variables should I take into account in order to conduct a regression analysis?
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Social progress may also be linked to culture defined in two ways: dimentionalist and non-dimentionalist approaches ( see for example Reuter (2011), Finance, vol. 32(1).
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I ask this question because I have already heard this assertion several times; each time it was stated by different people including even researchers. It would appear that there are factors in the professional life of a researcher that are incompatible (even diametrically opposed) with other factors in his social life.
What is your opinion on the question?
Thank you and I apologize if my question is misplaced.
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Dear Milliam, I do not agree with this assertion. It depends on what is professional and what i social to someone.
Regards,
Janusheva
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I am looking for evidence on social development. Although, many researchers including Brundtland Commission Report (1987) defined sustainable development  as development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”, is this definition is only limited to physical aspects of development?
If so what about the social aspects of development? 
Can the social development too sustainable? If so how?
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Development in any areas is sustainable as this demands a working progress for every human beings . Development i s to go on it can not be a restricted faculty & as such the progress of development is everyday working for every human being s of the world & this development makes a sustainable progress for the human beings & also for the society of the world every where.
With this there is no doubt that with the regular process of social development it is certainly to be sustained as it is the regular line of development in various areas speaking for the entire world .
This is my personal opinion
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Nowadays, every one, virtually have the ability to quickly communicate and touch the whole world through the recent media tools, Internet and social networks like twitter, Facebook and the like….. ,, we can see now that words or actions of one persons in one side from the world reach the most far away locations in the opposite side of the world .
in the past we saw some words and/actions of "normal" persons like Martin Luther king, Gandi , Mandilla ,... etc who could significantly made changes in a large scale for their area of the world or even the whole world , which took significantly long time to be realized but it did .
reaching others in large scale didn't take such long time as before, so how and how long it takes for making remarkable positive change?
Six years ago we saw Mohamed Bouazizi who was a Tunisian street salesperson who set himself on fire on 17 December 2010, that became a catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring, which also is argued to start a sharp rise in global protest and change activity in many other locations.
as per my information, there is no study showing a concrete frame work or theory showing how such this wave can start, continue and result in a positive social change. and how this could be controlled, judged, and /or measured?
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This is a broad question. I have one insight. Most of the people who changed the world, more or less had one characteristic, they questioned assumptions. In other words, they questioned what was normal, met with serious resistance,but pursed their ideas anyways... Gandhi for example, he fought without what we understand as fighting (with violence). Instead he used non-violence to fight.
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I work on this subject of digital democracy (Local participative democracy in relationship to local representative democracy) at Movisie, the Netherlands Institute for Social Development.
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Hi! For the moment only one in Dutch:
Regards,
Georg
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This topic about "highly integrative questions" is introduced by prof. Stephan Janssen, who speaks about 'The Smogfree City’ as the ultimate new desire of metropoles like Shanghai.
In our recent research we want to find out what are these highly integrative questions? What do we need to be good at to be really helpful with those questions? And how do we get to the table?
Any good articles,studies or other resources in mind that could help in my research?
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you seem like someone with the potential to be well connected. i would simply use interviews and pitch the questions you raise to (professionals of) professionals. ask them how they see HIQ, how they approach HIQ, how they would solve HIQ, etc. that would be interviews/ qualitative meth at full strenth
seeing that you yourself still "struggle" to wrap around the topic/ concept, a strong qualitative methodology like interviews may not be a bad idea.
you can ask such a type of question to strategy directors (head of strategy) at large corporations and multinationals.
just properly scope your research. i think interviews are already a study on its own
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Higher education has been a critical factor for the economic and social development of countries. This is so because higher education institutions are the foundations for an economically competitive society. Very recently, more and more, technology is being integrated into the higher education systems. Maybe the greatest opportunity for this integration is leveraging higher education institutions to reach many learners, and the chance to accelerate learning as never before. In this search, which way round seems more convincing? Technology is driving learning, or learning driving technology. 
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Dear Tefera,
I believe Technology (and by that I mean ICT, or computational technology) has affected learning and every aspect of human life and endevour. The use of a different technoology as happend with the use of tools changed the conception of work and effort thereby learning. The other issue is also trure, once learning became affected the circle got completed, learning, especially in children is demanding the use of technology and technologically-based means. So. in the end we have the two sides of the same coin. This all starded since the beginning of education with new education technolgy being introduced. Now, the important question is if this is for the better of the worse? and what is behind all this? who, in the end benefits from it?, etc.
My five cents
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I'm working with a group of community leaders in Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela to assess the most important needs, and form an humanitarian organization to help resolve them, directly or doing the bridge to existing institutions. 
Thanks. 
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Please let me know if these references/sites of tools to assess unmet health needs is helpful to you:
1.  Community health needs assessment - WHO/Europe - World Health ...
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/102249/E73494.pdfassessment can identify priority health needs, target resources to address ..... Appendix 4: Example of a family health assessment tool developed by health visitors ..... It will be of particular use to those countries that are introducing the family .... of information, confidentiality, raised expectations versus unmet needs, and the.
2.  Best Practices for Community Health Needs Assessment and ...
http://www.phi.org/uploads/application/files/dz9vh55o3bb2x56lcrzyel83fwfu3mvu24oqqvn5z6qaeiw2u4.pdfDevelopment: A Review of Scientific Methods, Current Practices, and Future Potential ..... concentrations of unmet needs at the sub-county level, and the use of .... current examples of regional partnerships and tools and resources to guide and ..... growing number of excellent programs in communities across the country , the ...
3.  Health needs assessment : Development and importance of health
...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1113037/Health needs assessment is a new phrase to describe the development and refinement of well ... and health care is now one of the largest sectors in most developed countries. .... It is a systematic method of identifying unmet health and healthcare needs of a ....
Dennis
Dennis Mazur..
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My colleague's thesis consists of a situation where she has performed a t-test to analyse the differences between male and female respondents' responses with respect to all the independent and dependent variables in the study. Is it right to do so? If yes, please elicit references.
Is Chi-square a more appropriate test in this situation? If yes, please elicit references.
To  be precise, the thesis proposed to compare male and female respondent differences across all their independent and dependent variables measured through a structured questionnaire of 55 items on a 5-point likert scale of respondents' self-reported opinions of agree/disagree and neutral types through that particular hypothesis
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I don’t know what the thesis of your colleague is, so it’s difficult to get too specific. However, if this person is simply wanting to know if there are statistically significant differences between males and females across a set of variables then the choice of test depends on the non-gender variable. In other words, you have gender, a dichotomous variable, which is compared to a set of other variables which may be categorical (Smoking: yes/no; Race: White/Black/Hispanic/Asian/…; etc.) or continuous (Age, height, measures of psychological or physiological constructs, etc.).
Of course, the concept of gender has altered somewhat recently (at least in the west) and it is possible you could have more than the two levels of male and female (i.e., transgender). But because, you have not suggested this to be relevant, it is sufficient to say that gender is indeed a dichotomous variable.
When assessing the statistical significance of gender and a categorical variable (i.e., smoking), you have two categorical variables and would use the chi-square test of independence. This is a non-parametric test to evaluate the relationship between two categorical variables. More specifically, it provides a probability that the two categorical variables are related. In the gender/smoking example, a significant chi-square test would indicate a person’s gender is related to whether or not they smoke. Of course, this is just an example, but the logic would follow for any analysis of gender and other categorical variables.
On the other hand, if one were to assess the statistical significance of gender and a continuous variable such as IQ, then the independent samples t-test would be the appropriate test. A significant test would suggest the differences in IQ between the genders exist beyond the theoretical probability that IQ between males and females is merely due to chance. Of course, the same type of thinking applies when assessing the statistical significance between gender and any other continuous variable (assuming they meet the assumptions required for this parametric test).
Unless I am missing something, the information in this post can be found by using a search engine for chi-square test of independence and independent samples t-test. I consulted a statistics text book (Gravetter and Wallnau, 2007).
I apologize for the brevity and lack of detail of this post, but unfortunately, I have to attend to something. However, feel free to post back if you would like me to further clarify anything.
To summarize, gender is typically considered a dichotomous variable, it is certainly a categorical variable. However, the choice of a parametric test such as the t-test or a non-parametric test such as the chi-square test depends not on gender, but on the other variable. If the variable is also categorical than the chi-square test is appropriate; if the variable is continuous, then the t-test is appropriate. I hope this answer provides what you are looking for.
References:
Gravetter F.J., Wallnau L. B. (2007). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences(7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
 
 
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Critical mindsets are based on freedom as a corner stone for freeing man from blind obedience to ready set orders. It's to be organized not irresponsible, ( John Hogan 2005, p 97)  it's being precise not excessive, the type of freedom that provides the suitable environment to prosper innovative and creative thinking that has nothing to do with accusing others of being non-believers, sin committers, betrayers,  blackmailers, or accusing them of exercising marginalization or exile, a type of freedom   ( Dana Kay Nelkin 2011, p 36) that would grant individuals liable choices without any external pressure or authoritative command, where obstacles are overcome to reach tangible and theoretical achievements. Man was born free; accordingly he should be fully aware and responsible for his choices. Freedom is a natural right, not in need for further evidence or proof, as it is an original part of the human structure, but at the same time it doesn't mean to contradict reality or losing disciplines, it stops once it confronts others' freedoms, as pointed by Voltaire. It is self reforming as evident in the right of expression, movement, making living, ( Edward Peters 1989, p 341 ) transportation and showing opinion. It's also a group reformer in seeking liberty from suppress, exploitation, control and oppression as that exercised by occupying forces upon a certain country or state.  It is the free will that is based on man's making of his own choices concerning life, deciding destiny, acceptance and refusal, a freedom that deals with reality in a rational way, where we find responsible interaction and obedience for laws in return for acquiring man's right in possession, opinion and decision, according to John Luke.
Freedom is the only appropriate surrounding that enables thinking, interaction and guarantees social development. All efforts are in vain if society is not freed as whole, from sectarianism, partisanship, tribal alliances and all other secondary affiliations to remain adhered to the basic and effective belongingness, the state.
Tyranny and absence of freedom had its dire impact upon scientific action in Europe, where the church controlled most of the scientific and intellectual activities, imposing strict supervision upon thinking and innovation, setting the crime of being a disbeliever as a ready allegation against those who care to think, to the extent that trials were set against any attempts in the direction of change(paul Ehrlich 2000, p395) . The most eminent victims then were, Copernicus, Galileo Galileo, who was forced by the authority of the court to state that earth doesn't turn around itself, and Isaac Newton for his gravity theories and laws.
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"Blind belief in authority is the greatest enemy of truth." ― Albert Einstein
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n/a
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Is this still open? I would be interested myself and am in Zimbabwe
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Dear colleagues
I would like to discuss the short-run strategies for the economic growth and social development. There are necessarily common strategies whatever the country.
Thanks in advance.
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Economic growth can be boosted by investment in infrastructure, as Peter mentioned. However, we need to compare different projects and find the optimal. Unfortunately, in corrupted governments projects not with the highest and fastest social return are selected, but for which some public money move into private pockets via bribery.
Cheaper credit boosts private investment, and it can create new jobs and higher GDP.
Social development is not necessarily linked to GDP growth. It may include social investment that brings higher utility to citizens: more education, cleaner environment, public housing for poor, less poverty via redistribution.
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There can be different benefits for community from brownfield redevelopment in urban areas like:
  • removing health and environmental concerns or perceptions
  • promoting smart growth (reusing of property instead of vacant land)
  • promoting economic growth (increasing tax base and creating jobs)
  • removing blighted property
  • building ties among residents, businesses, and all parties involved
  • building community awareness and empowering communities to address a problem that directly affects them
But i want to know the perspective about Rural Brownfield.
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Rural Brownfield can be understand with the help of different perspective like, locality, residence, living standers, moods of earing, cultivation strategies, adoptation modernized tehnologies. which can be changed with the passage of time
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I'm investigating a relationship between career calling and satisfaction in the context of Social Development practitioners.
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Hello Zikhona Dlaza
please check resources
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Just think about it…
Karl Marx was aware that production price equal to cost-price plus profit(KP = C + i) and he was not fan of where the profits were going and he knew that producing at an economic loss in the long-term is not a good plan, but a 3 stages development plan to achieve socialism at a profit or socially friendly capitalism in the long term may have crossed his head…..
Marx would not have encouraged a long-term red socialism production program at an economic loss, I think….Was somehow Karl Marx proposing red markets or socially friendly capitalism as the long term road to socialism, not the red socialism program at a loss implemented?....
For Karl Marx, C = Cost price   and i = average profit
See if production price is KP = C + i , and
 if C = SM + ECM, where SM = Social margin and ECM = economic margin.
Then;
KP = SM + ECM + i
The three stages of development to socialism at a profit can be stated as follows:
a) Stage 1:  Red socialism as implemented
KP1 = SM
b) Stage 2: Red socialism at zero profit
KP2 = SM + ECM
c) Stage 3: Red socialism at a profit or red markets
KP3 = SM + ECM + i
With the understanding of capitalism Karl Marx had, this thought above would be consistent with his thought if he only had problems with where the profits were going and he wanted to redirect them to the state, not to private individuals.
Notice that since ECM + i = P = The traditional market price, then
KP3 =  SM + P 
The formula above is the formula of a red market or socially friendly capitalism or red socialism at a profit.
Was this what Karl Marx actually  proposed?....That is where former red socialist countries including China arrived in 1991 when they shifted from red socialism to red markets….What do you think?
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Dear Yuri, thank you for commenting....
You should keep in mind, I am not a traditional economist/neoclassical or otherwise; and I am not in the Marxist's camp, I am an outside the box thinker looking from the outside at both paradigm shifts, the  1991 paradigm shift from red socialism to socially friendly capitalism/red markets/the end  of the world of Karl Marx; and the 2012 paradigm shift from the traditional market model to green markets/the end of the world for perfect market thinking...
I can see things that those inside the box can not see as when there is a paradigm shift the knowledge base of the previous paradigm is left behind and no longer works in the new paradigm....
China was lucky in my view, the started allowing some capitalism, and even tried to advice the soviets in doing the same, and then when the soviet bloc fell they allowed more....because they allowed capitalism in a control manner and they allowed from starting at the bottom/local/assets  they retain political power centrally.... and because the soviet bloc refuse to allowing capitalism in even in a controlled manner there was not choice after the 1991 soviet breakup other than allow capitalism to come in at force/little control....China keep political stability and the other former red socialist countries went into an initial period of economic chaos...
Point is:
All former socialist countries including China shifted from red socialism to socially friendly capitalism or economy friendly red socialism....in the new market...Marxist ideas do not work and traditional economic ideas, micro and macro, do not work either...therefore there is a red market or economy friendly red socialism knowledge gap right now....The same in all old capitalist countries the shift to green markets has created a green market knowledge gap as traditional economic theory do not work here, in green market you need perfect green market theory and green pricing....
Yuri you may find these articles interesting as food for thoughts:
a) China appears to have been doing the right moves to keep power since before the  1991 fall of soviet bloc....they have follow the principle of inverse action without knowing..."when you go from full nationalization to privatization you need to start allowing capitalism slow, from local assets/assets of no national relevance  up to national assets/assets of national relevance"...until achieving a point of optimal nationalization...
Nationalization as Privatization in Reverse: Understanding the Nature of the Commons to Identify a Possible Point of Optimal Nationalization
Adam Smith and Karl Marx Under the Sustainability Eye: Pointing Out and Comparing the Sustainability Gaps Behind these Two Great Simplification Failures
Adam Smith Vrs Karl Marx: Stating the Structure and Implications of the Paradigm Clash that Led to the Death of Karl Marx’s World, to the Fall of the Soviet Bloc, and to the Rise of Socially Friendly Capitalism.
Karl Marx Vrs Sustainability Markets: Who would have won the cold war then? Would the World of Karl Marx Have Existed Then?
Paradigm Evolution and Sustainability Thinking: Using a Sustainability Inversegram to State Paradigm Death and Shift Expectations under Win-Win and No Win-Win Situations
Have a nice day Yuri
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My dissertation topic is to study and compare the relationship between working parents and social development/maturity of their kids. I wanted to include in my sample, couples where both are working, one working parent and also single parents. Which scale would suit best?
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Dear Radhika
You have not mentioned the age of the children considered for study.
But as i think, you may use for the scale "VINELAND'S SOCIAL MATURITY SCALE".The presence of parents or caregiver or parents must required for administration of this scale.
If need any more assistance please write with full details.
Happy researching.
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Cities with a similar population (~22000) to Powell River, BC, Canada.
Single industry cities would be fantastic, but not essential.
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Indian government adopted in 1990 a policy for providing in government employment reservation of jobs and admission in publicly-run educational institutions for people from socially and economically backward classes. These are referred to as Other Backward castes (OBCs).Class for this purpose is determined by including people from certain identified castes but not from the creamy layer of such castes (i.e. richer people).  It was vehemently opposed by especially  students from higher castes in 1990. Somehow, the law and policy have survived. Today, India has 27 percent reservation of jobs in government and admission to government schools for people from OBCs.  There has been perception of injustice by certain other  castes, who were not identified originally as OBCs. They have made demands for inclusion in the OBCs category. This has become a highly volatile and disputable issue. Often, this has led to violence by these castes. Especially, students from the higher castes have opposed it vigorously. Contemporary India is grappling with this issue with recent massive violence of this nature in Haryana state.
What are your views on this issue? Do you have some such provisions for reservation or affirmative action in your country?
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Dear colleagues, I believe that jobs should go to anyone based on meritocracy AND THE ABILITY TO DELIVER.  If the OBCs are able to deliver good services, it should go to them.  Jobs must not be based on who you are, who you know or what rich family you come from.  Anything besides MERITOCRACY may not be sustainable in the long run.  Everyone from whatever caste can equip themselves and discipline themselves to do a good job.  (But if there is always a certain percentage designated for a certain group of persons, certain people will take life easy and relax, while others have to slog.  This is happening in many places, perhaps India as well.)
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Specifically Parent-Child programs where both parent and child participates and interacts with one another.
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Most well -funded intervention and enrichment programs have shown improvements and gains for children living in poverty situations. However,  teacher training is crucial for positive  results  to occur! Providers must know  HOW to enhance early language skills in both oral contexts and in engendering a  passion for books and  HOW to provide richly engaging  emergent literacy experiences. A teacher  must know how to choose books for the level  and the interests of a child, who for example has not been read to, or  has heard mostly orders  and scolding  and criticism rather than  richly positive reinforcing language  from household adults. A teacher must know how to use chanting and music and rhyming games to  entrance little ones into a love of language and  the motivation to make gains in language power.   Researches show that children who do not learn to read fluently by 3 or 4th grade have a  significantly greater risk of dropping  out of school in later grades.   Researches show the importance of teachers using words connected with experiences, using  Socratic Questions,  using  rich vocabulary, snuggling individually with a  young child daily to induce a love of stories and book learning . Thus, these are all skills a teacher must learn and practice  intentionally daily. Without these skills, even a warm, cheerful teacher can feel frustrated and unable to  help  a child  to make up for the language delays in  that child's  development if that child has had a paucity of positive  oral language and early literacy experiences in the home.
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Some locaities in California and New York are still using Rent Control but nationwide, the majority have abolished such regulations following policy advice from academic scholars and practitioners who used statistical analysis to prove that rent control reduces housing supply and qualities.
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No, I do not think that rent control will help. Prices have meaning. They direct resources in very, very complicated ways, ways that humans cannot fully grasp because the effects of prices are so complicated. When one believes that he or she understands all this, they are in error. Unintended side effects will swamp any good that one imagines will come of tinkering with prices. If you really must tinker, and there may be times (however seldom) when it actually becomes necessary to do so, try to tinker with things in the physical world and leave the prices that emerge alone.
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The social development of babies
The influence of music on the social development 
How can I translate this theory on the field? like a day care centre 
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CHILDREN AND MUSIC: BENEFITS OF MUSIC IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Singing and music play an important role in our culture. You'll find music present in many aspects of our lives: theater, television, movies, worship, holidays, celebrations, and government and military ceremonies. But none is as important as how we use music with our children.From birth, parents instinctively use music to calm and soothe children, to express their love and joy, and to engage and interact. Parents can build on these natural instincts by learning how music can impact child development, improve social skills, and benefit kids of all ages.
 The Benefits of Music
 Music ignites all areas of child development: intellectual, social and emotional, motor, language, and overall literacy. It helps the body and the mind work together. Exposing children to music during early development helps them learn the sounds and meanings of words. Dancing to music helps children build motor skills while allowing them to practice self-expression. For children and adults, music helps strengthen memory skills.
In addition to the other benefits of music, it also provides us with joy. Just think about listening to a good song on the car radio with the window down on a beautiful day. That's joy.
 Children's Music and Social Learning
 For toddlers and preschoolers, music making can be a dynamic social learning experience. Making music together, children learn to work as a team while they each contribute to the song in their own way. At the same time, music helps children learn that together they can make something larger than the sum of its parts.
More benefits of music for children include learning cooperation, sharing, compromise, creativity, and concentration - skills that become invaluable as they enter school, face new challenges, and begin to form new friendships and develop social skills.
 Developmental Benefits of Music
 Children of all ages express themselves through music. Playing music for infants proves that, even at an early age, children sway, bounce, or move their hands in response to music they hear. Many preschoolers make up songs and, with no self-consciousness, sing to themselves as they play. Kids in elementary school learn to sing together as a group and possibly learn to play a musical instrument. Older children dance to the music of their favorite rock bands and use music to form friendships and share feelings.
Infants and Music.
Infants recognize the melody of a song long before they understand the words. They often try to mimic sounds and start moving to the music as soon as they are physically able. Quiet, background music can be soothing for infants, especially at sleep time. Loud background music may overstimulate an infant by raising the noise level of the room. Sing simple, short songs to infants in a high, soft voice. Try making up one or two lines about bathing, dressing, or eating to sing to them while you do these activities. Find musical learning activities for infants.
Toddlers and Music. Toddlers love to dance and move to music. The key to toddler music is the repetition of songs which encourages the use of words and memorization. Silly songs make them laugh. Try singing a familiar song and inserting a silly word in the place of the correct word, like “Mary had a little spider” instead of lamb. Let them reproduce rhythms by clapping or tapping objects. 
Preschoolers and Music. Preschoolers enjoy singing just to be singing. They aren’t self-conscious about their ability and most are eager to let their voices roar. They like kids' songs that repeat words and melodies, rhythms with a definite beat, and words that ask them to do things. Preschool children enjoy nursery rhymes and songs about familiar things like toys, animals, play activities, and people. They also like finger plays and nonsense rhymes with or without musical accompaniment. Learn more about music-filled preschool programs from Bright Horizons.
School-Age Children and Music. Most school-age children are intrigued by songs that involve counting, spelling, or remembering a sequence of events. Songs and musical activities with other school subjects also are effective during this child developmental stage. School-age children begin expressing their likes and dislikes of different types of music. They may express an interest in taking musical lessons. 
Teenagers and Music. Teenagers may use musical experiences to form friendships, and to set themselves apart from parents and younger kids. They often want to hang out and listen to music after school with a group of friends. Remember those days of basement and garage bands? They often have a strong interest in taking music lessons or playing in a band, the lure of becoming a rock idol. School-agers and teenagers might need a reminder to keep the volume down, particularly with headsets. If we can hear music through an MP3 player headset when it's not in our own ears, it’s probably too loud. 
 Final Thoughts
 There is no downside to bringing children and music together. Although a good dose of Mozart is probably not increasing our brain power, it’s enjoyable and beautiful. From the pure pleasure of listening to soothing sounds and rhythmic harmonies, to gaining new language and social skills, whatever the setting - a quiet room at home with mom and dad, a large grassy field filled with people, or a busy classroom - music can enliven and enrich the lives of  children and the people who care for them.
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women, rural, Latin America
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You could try Hew, Cheng Sim's book on Village Mothers, City Daughters concerning changes in Malaysia.
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Social development theory? What are good theories or theorists I can study regarding formal Character Education in a K-2 setting and its impact on student citizenship?
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Look into my colleague whose character education program is being adopted in Scotland at this time. Robert White.
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I am specifically looking at how a typical company can/should use the terms "social development" and/or "community development" in the context of CSR (corporate social responsibility) programmes. Thanks.
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The distinction bw. "society" and "community" goes back to German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies book "Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft" (1887): For community, he brings mainly local organizations like cooperatives and associations, for society, he refers to the more abstract and formalized social system and organizations like corporations.Max Weber also refers to this distincition.
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Women have traditionally been occupied in pre- and post-harvest processing of the products and marketing the catch.Unfortunately, limited access to resources, inputs and credit and inadequate technical competency, poor participation in decision making, limited exposure to mass media often become the limiting factors for the fisher women for their economic and social development. How they can be empowered in Indian condition.
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 Hi Aparna Roy,
This is a really good question. The first thing to decide as what you mean by empowerment. In many cases "empowerment" seems to be put into practice as access to credit, but as you point out in your question there are many limitations to women's full and equal engagement in the fisheries sector, and many aren't directly related to money. The question then becomes if access to credit will lead to changes in all these other factors. Rather than just focusing on economic disparities you could consider taking a more holistic approach such as found in gender transformative frameworks. WorldFish is currently using this approach (http://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/gender-equity).
All the best,
Danika
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Are there any articles about gifted children, their parents concerns and their social - emotional adjustment?
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Try Google Scholar! 10 000 results for the terms "gifted chidlren" parents concern emotional development:
[BOOK] Nurturing social emotional development of gifted children
JT Webb - 1994 - casenex.com
... These options are based on competence and demonstrated ability, rather than on arbitrary
age groupings. • Establish Parent Discussion Groups. Parents of gifted children typically
have few opportunities to talk with other parents of gifted children. ...
Cited by 225 Related articles All 6 versions Import into EndNote Save More
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An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children
WD Parker - American Educational Research Journal, 1997 - aer.sagepub.com
... A canonical analysis (Parker & Raffield, 1995) of the perfectionism scores of gifted children and
their parents indicated that parents ... It is interesting to note, however, that the children of the best
educated parents are underrepresented in the healthy ... Parent Questionnaire ...
Cited by 283 Related articles All 7 versions Import into EndNote Save More
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Social‐emotional development of gifted children and adolescents: A research model
R Altman - Roeper Review, 1983 - Taylor & Francis
... characteristics of gifted children and adolescents. ... Parents offer another view of the child in yet
another context, though perhaps relatively limited in their ob- jectivity. ... SOURCES OF DATA THE
CHILD/ADOLESCENT THE TEACHER(S) THE PARENT(S) SIBLINGS PEER GROUP ...
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Social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment of accelerated students, students in gifted classes, and regular students in eighth grade
MF Sayler, WK Brookshire - Gifted Child Quarterly, 1993 - gcq.sagepub.com
... controversial. Many parents and educators fear that an accelerated child will not
do well socially or will suffer emotional adjustment problems if allowed to accelerate.
This ... tests. One parent of each student completed a survey. ...
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Concerns of parents of gifted children: A research review
KS Keirouz - Gifted Child Quarterly, 1990 - gcq.sagepub.com
... adult. In a theoretical formulation, Bridges (1973) indicated that one problem that
may occur in the &dquo;gifted&dquo; family concerns parent-child power politics. ... 1978).
Sibling Relationships Parents of gifted children often have
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A review of research on parents and families of gifted children
N Colangelo, DF Dettmann - Exceptional children, 1983 - ecx.sagepub.com
... This is perhaps due in part to the complexity and variation within the population of gifted children. ...
to do more experimen- tal research and to replicate studies concern- ing parent and gifted ... 2.
Parents can play an important role in the identification and educational development of ...
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Self-concept, self-esteem, and peer relations among gifted children who feel" different"
PM Janos, HC Fung, NM Robinson - Gifted Child Quarterly, 1985 - gcq.sagepub.com
... While these children may not be representative of intellectually gifted children at large ... The
questionnaires for parents included the Child Behavior Checklist (CBC) (Achenbach, 1979 ...
Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1981), which assesses social competence and behavior problems. ...
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[PDF] from ist.edu.gr
[BOOK] Positive psychology: An introduction.
MEP Seligman, M Csikszentmihalyi - 2000 - psycnet.apa.org
... schoolyard violence in children who have access to weapons, poor parental super- vision ... One
of the most poignant paradoxes in psychology concerns the complex relationships between
pathology ... by focusing on the origins of giftedness; the motivation of gifted children; and the ...
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[PDF] Effects of academic acceleration on the social-emotional status of gifted students
NM Robinson - A nation deceived: How schools hold back …, 2004 - accelerationinstitute.org
... Most manage the transition to college inde- pendently, usually with considerable assistance from
parents. Accordingly, most of our information about this group is through case studies, the popular
media, and parent report, and would ... Social-Emotional Status of Gifted Children ...
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Long-term effects of acceleration on the social-emotional adjustment of mathematically precocious youths.
TM Richardson, CP Benbow - Journal of Educational Psychology, 1990 - psycnet.apa.org
... M score, high school SAT-M and SAT-V, college attendance, quality of college attended, parental
educational levels ... talented students who should and do accelerate their education, this may
explain why parents and educators ... Self-concept and social distance in gifted children. ...
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[PDF] from ascd.com
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[PDF] Synthesis of research on gifted youth
JF Feldhusen - Educational Leadership, 1989 - ascd.com
... What should schools and parents do for gifted and tal ented youth? ... DeLisle, JR (1984) Gifted
Children Speak Out New York: Walker Company Feldhusen, JF, JW Asher, and SM ... f-lemerilary
School jour nal 59: 388-393 Feldhusen, JF, and MD Kroll (1985) "Parent Perceptions of ...
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Current research on the social and emotional development of gifted and talented students: Good news and future possibilities
SM Reis, JS RENZULLi - Psychology in the Schools, 2004 - Wiley Online Library
... of career information; and (f) social-emotional curriculum approaches to help gifted children
support one ... Teachers can model kindness, caring, and concern for all students, and maintain
high ... psychologists will be able to provide support and advice for parents and teachers ...
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Social and emotional adjustment themes across gifted children
CJ Sowa, J McIntire, KM May, L Bland - Roeper Review, 1994 - Taylor & Francis
... Some parents view their child-centered approach as a response to the child being gifted ... meaning
he and his wife) are no different than just being a parent of any ... For gifted children, their ability
to cognitively appraise within the adjustment process suggests that an adult model ...
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Practitioner objections to the academic acceleration of gifted children
WT Southern, ED Jones, ED Fiscus - Gifted Child Quarterly, 1989 - gcq.sagepub.com
... Early admission is often sought by single parents or couples who both work ... of practitioners express
toward acceleration decisions, (b) their experience with young gifted children and acceleration ...
stress concerns (items 12,13,14,16,17,&15), and emotion- al adjustment concerns. ...
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Emotional and behavioral problems among highly intellectually gifted youth
AF Garland, E Zigler - Roeper Review, 1999 - Taylor & Francis
... However, only the parent report was obtained and this may not comprehen- sively assess the
youths ... When working with highly gifted youth, pro- fessionals and parents must look beyond the
youth's intellectual ... Social and emotional adjustment themes across gifted children. ...
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Gifted children: The impact of positive labeling on the family system.
DG Cornell - American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1983 - psycnet.apa.org
... PARENT PERCEPTION MEASURE GIFTED (N) NOT GIFTED (N ... No comparison was made
between parents who agreed ... The following two hypotheses were tested by ortho gonal planned
comparisons: I) gifted children are better adjusted than the combined groups of nongifted ...
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The impact of giftedness on psychological well‐being: What does the empirical literature say?
M Neihart - Roeper Review, 1999 - Taylor & Francis
... Or, parents may overvalue their gifted child and intensify the child's expectations to meet parental
needs, which can espe- cially create problems during adolescence. ... For example, it may be that
the parents of gifted children are more likely to refer their children for professional ...
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[CITATION] Social and emotional issues for exceptionally intellectually gifted students
MUM Gross - … social and emotional development of gifted children. …, 2002
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Adjustment problems in juvenile diabetes.
CR Swift, F Seidman, H Stein - Psychosomatic Medicine, 1967 - journals.lww.com
... Ad- justment at home and with peers, emotional tone of home, and parental domina-
tion-submission ... for interview and could not be included in the category of "both natural parents,"
but the ... history of diabetes for the mother is included in the category of "one natural parent." VOL ...
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[PDF] from ed.gov
A Nation Deceived: How Schools Hold Back America's Brightest Students. The Templeton National Report on Acceleration. Volume 2.
N Colangelo, SG Assouline, MUM Gross - Connie Belin & Jacqueline N. Blank …, 2004 - ERIC
... resources and schol- arly background to Volume I, to enable educators and parents to make ...
options are well documented for effec- tiveness and cost • The few problems that have ... analytic
studies of acceleration James A. Kulik • No other arrangement for gifted children works as ...
Cited by 508 Related articles All 96 versions Import into EndNote Save More
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Does local government in the development countries lead to the actual social and economic development, as it paved a new way to the corruption to the new people and hence the new corrupt people emerged in the society, give comments on these. 
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The role of local government is crucial. Local authorities know better than anyone population needs. In addition , there are services that only local government can provide efficiently.The local administration can have a role in national or regional development policies and foster local development through their own incentives .
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In rolling out sustainable development projects, it becomes more and more important to perform Social Impact Assessment together with the traditional Environmental Impact Assessment. 
To what extent has the consent of Indigenous people been taken into consideration in sustainable and biodiversity projects, especially in the context of eco-tourism and eco-park developments.
Will appreciate if anyone can inform about case studies or express an opinion please.
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Most of us would agree that consent is really important, but I'm afraid 'consent' can too easily be fabricated, especially with illiterate people.  In our research for rural development with indigenous communities in East India we took the approach that members of the community were equal participants in the research, and their opinions carried equal weight to the researchers when forming the research questions, designing treatments and their implementation, and interpreting the findings. The community were co-researchers, rather than the subject of the research, and in this sense 'consent' was superfluous.  But to implement a truly participatory project likes this requires a high level of commitment to the principle of equality, and to communicating the likely implications of any actions taken so that 'informed consent' is genuinely embedded in every step. The paper attached outlines the participatory approach we took in the research and introduces the out-scaling of results to the wider community.
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Creation of normative models in social sciences was one of the essential features of modernist era. But is it still possible in post-modernist times?
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Such a good question and fascinating to consider.  Have you read any of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari ("A Thousand Plateaus").  They will give you one hundred reasons to put them down but keep reading.  Of course, Michel Foucault ("The History of Madness") argues so eloquently he is worth reading on the subject.  He is wrong and he knows he is wrong, but he opens the door to many important lines of questioning.  Like no other.
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"Good Health is essential to sustained economic and social development and poverty reduction.  Access to needed health services is crucial for maintaining and improving health.  At the same time, people need to be protected from being pushed into poverty because of the cost of health care." WHO
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Hi Marle, 
I have myself worked in the India Ministry of Health and can share my experience. A National Public Health System provides several benefits, some important bullet points are highlighted here:
1. Sharing best practices from one region or state to another: Specially benefits a big country like India as there are wide variations in inter-state and intra-state health parameters.
2. Culturally appropriate Behavior Change Communication Strategy: Consider this, in many places it is a common practice to stop breastfeeding when the child is having diarrhea as people believe this will lessen the severity. 
3. Enacting Laws related to Public Health e.g. smoking in public places, reduction in air pollution by shifting industries away from highly populated areas, abortion and medical termination of pregnancy, infant baby foods etc.
4. Inter-linkage with social determinants of health e.g. supply of clean drinking water usually handled by Water and Sanitation department, nutrition, education and illiteracy etc.
5. Using cost effective evidence based strategies learnt from Global examples.
6. Maintaining a pool of experts in various domains who can formulate National Level clinical protocols and guidelines along with Training manuals.
7. Example of Smallpox and Polio eradication, drug regulatory agencies, control of abused drugs, maintaining quality of healthcare, fixed allocation of funds on health, preventive screening for early identification of disease/ danger signs  etc are issues that can be managed if you an effective National Health System. 
Hope these points answer your question.
All the Best!
Manpreet
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Greetings of the day respected researchers.
Does anyone have information about moral judgement tools for females?
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On sex differences in moral judgement it seems interesting that the meta-analyses by Stam et al (van Stam, M.A. ; van der Schuur, W.A. ; Tserkezis, S. ; van Vugt, E.S. ; Asscher, J.J. ; Gibbs, J.C. ; Stams, G.J.J.M.
Children and Youth Services Review, 2014, Vol.38, pp.44-51) indicates a different effect  on moral reasoning of boys and girls of the Equip training program.
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R. Titmuss and G.Esping-Andersen an the end of last century created a well-known welfare typology, politically based on left-right division and de-commodification relations. Can a mainly communities-based welfare model be created instead of the former welfare division?
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This is being explored in many developing countries due to lack of capacity at higher levels of government, mostly becuase of the possibility it offers to improve accountability.
However, it reduces the potential legitimacy of the national state be reducing the scope of its involvement in the lives of citizens. I do not think that is a problem in and of itself, but I think national governments would normally prefer to take credit for these things because it legitimizes their authority to tax, rather than devolving both taxation powers and services delivery responsibility to local governments. I think that regimes would mostly only tolerate this if they were quite confident in their perceived legitimacy.
Also, there could be problems with funding formulas, for example if lots of people moved from one jurisdiction to another. In China, for example, you pay into one municipal plan for certain areas of social insurance, but it is not portable, with the result that the most vulnerable workers usually get the lowest returns from their social security contributions. I really like the ideas and ideals of community-level funding AND delivery of these services, but I think the level of pooling is too small to offer the level of social security that most people would prefer to have (with the exception of some very narrow segments who are very wealthy and obtain their social security primarily through regime stability and police, etc.).
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As welfare states traditional typology shows the signs of exhaustion and tiredness in theory but especially in practice, maybe there are other ways of its revival? Maybe a community-oriented social policy model can substitute former welfare typology? Or something else? Or should we have a vacuum of such ideas after a decade or two?
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Latin America is the most unequal region of the world. However, for more than a decade now, it has been also the only region where inequality has been decreasing. This is very much a consequence of the first developments of welfare states. The case of Brazil, in particular, is considerably relevant. Brazil has a very long historical tradition of state activism (for example, the Government Revenue in Brazil, as a proportion of GDP, is a little higher than the average of OECD countries). Since the promulgation of the 1988 democratic Constitution, as well as after the worker's party won its first presidential election in the beginning of the 2000s, new social policies have been thought and implemented, and as a consequence, the Gini coefficient of income concentration dropped from 0.61 to less than 0.50 (we now know it has been much more a decrease in earnings inequality than in total income inequality). Besides programs of conditional cash transfers, Brazil has an important legislation to increase the value of minimum wage, as well as an enormous and relatively comprehensive universal public health system (despites its low quality). The main difference of the welfare system in Brazil and the most remarkable examples of western Europe is that while in the European model policies are mainly universal, in Brazil some programs are completely focalized based on mean-tested criteria.
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Public schools' curricula are based in large part on developmental needs of children and adolescents. For example, much of early childhood lessons take into consideration the social component of learning, i.e, cooperation, getting along with others, etc. As children's social development matures and they progress through school, so too does the need for teaching or lessons to change or to remain developmentally appropriate. By the time students reach adolescence, teachers' lessons might call for students to develop group projects as part of a course requirement. There are many other childhood and adolescent developmental needs that become embedded into their K-12 (and beyond) education. One developmental aspect that I don't see reflected in school curricula is racial identity development. Racial identity development theorists (Cross, Helms, etc.) have posited for decades the importance of one's racial identity development. In detailing her racial identity models, Helms (2003) talks about how racial identity development is a natural part of children and adolescents' development that's constantly being expressed in the classroom environment. Such moments are great opportunities for teachers to help children of color to feel connected to all others in the school/classroom and positive about themselves and others of their racial group. However, teachers without appropriate knowledge and skills are not able to respond effectively to students' racial identity related behaviors. 
Is there any research out there that looks into attending to student racial identity needs within the school context? 
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Brantlinger, E. A. (1993). The politics of social class in secondary school: Views of affluent and impoverished youth. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Esmonde, I. (January 01, 2009). Ideas and Identities: Supporting Equity in Cooperative Mathematics Learning. Review of Educational Research, 79, 2, 1008-1043.
Delpit, L. (1988). The Silenced Dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people’s children. Harvard Educational Review, 58(3), 280-298.
Martin, D. B. (March 08, 2013). Learning Mathematics while Black. Educational Foundations, 26, 47-66.
Martin, D. B. (2000). Mathematics success and failure among African-American youth: The roles of sociohistorical context, community forces, school influence, and individual agency. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum.
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Social security is based on intergenerational transfers (from active workers to pensioners) and in this way, it replaces the support given from children to parents (upward transfers) within the family.  What were the main features of the family structure, dependency rates, fertility, life expectancy for men and women and other characteristics when Germany implemented its social security programs led by Bismarck?
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Maria,
After decades of arguing over "which came first", some demographers (at least) are settling into the assumption that this relationship (like most socioeconomic relationships that are associated with the demographic transition and the accompanying age-structural transition) is a "chicken-and-egg" story (a big feedback loop, or several of them between various levels of analysis).  
Here's my narrative: (1) To produce a pay-as-you-go (PYG) retirement system, the state requires a sizable formal sector and payroll taxes, and/or substantial taxes on natural resource production (oil/minerals) -- thus the "industrialization came first" argument.
However, (2) fertility decline (which will ultimately drive down the support ratio and weaken "extended family" relationships) pushes the low-fertility middle class towards supporting this PYG tax burden (thus, didn't the initiation of fertility decline come first?).
A third element: (3) Having a high worker:retiree ratio (support ratio) makes it easy to start the PYG system (to "grandfather in" the retiring generation).  So, it's advantageous to start once (1) and (2) are in place, but before the age-structure matures (median age 35+). 
Chile was at this "demographic spot" -- its TFR decline was well underway (TFR about 2.7 in 1980, and thus the contraceptive prevalence rate was probably above 50% by then), but it still experienced a youthful age-structure (a median age of about 22.6 in 1980, somewhat like Syria today).  [UN Pop. Div. estimates, the 2012 Revision]
The next chapter: (4) Once population momentum has been depleted by sustained near-replacement TFR (or below), there is fiscal pressure to move from PYG systems to a broader set of defined contribution instruments, such as a partially flexible tax-sheltered option (in the US, the tax-deductable IRA system), and perhaps a "forced savings/investment" that the owner can move between qualified options.  These are the "3 pillars" that feature in some of the recommendations concerning age-structure and retirement.  
Of course, all of this is debatable ... this is just my (demographically focused) understanding the evolution of state social security systems. 
Richard Cincotta
The Stimson Center, Washington, DC. 
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Donors; Tied Aid
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African countries do not really need foreign financial assistance or development aid. More resources flow out of Africa--both legally and illegally--than flow into the continent. The main problem is that many African countries do not have institutional arrangements that enhance the utilization of available resources for national development. In fact, it is the case in many African countries that foreign economies offer better and more secure opportunities for investment than domestic economies. Hence, the significant amounts of capital flight, which also includes "brain drain."
Genuine development in Africa requires neither the MGDs nor development aid.
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The panacea of private pensions funds is abandoning its positions in some eastern European and Latin American countries. Does state social insurance have the future?
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This paper might give you and idea of fiscal costs and the transition to the FDC system introduced in Chile in 1981:
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Modernization and Postmodernization presents an interesting and quite cogent theory about the congruity of change in economic, social, political and cultural factors, and about the path of development.
How we can adapt the curriculum to this kind of needs and especially for social development?
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I think that besides criticising the traditional curriculum, post-modernism and post-colonialism helps little with the question of what content ought to be taught to the next generation...they give more on pedagogy - like 'border-crossing'pedagogy -  the curriculum could make known what is relevant in local contexts but what about decontextualised/objective/conceptual forms of knowledge?  
I think the curriculum ought to make students aware of other realities and contexts as well as their own...the knowledge society requires them to know more... globalization  has disrupted local and antional boundaries. 
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State social insurance and private pensions funds are widely known in many countries. Why do the state accumulative pensions funds still lack popularity and can they serve as an alternative?
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Yes, they were basically converted in pension funds, which is the reason why the capital accumulated is comparatively higher than in other countries. I wrote my dissertation on pensions and I was more or less quite aware of the reforms in Eastern Europe. The just elected Socialdemocrat governement in Sweden will not come back to the funds (in fact, they were ruling all the time after a brief parenthesis in 90s until 2006). Even I think they are going to form a cabinet with center and center-right parties this time (instead with the Green and the Left Party, as until 2006 when they did not have absolute majority).
It is worth saying that some authors like Paul Samuelson and others claimed some years ago about the convenience of state pension funds.
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Contracting out and privatization of social services is in advertising for more effective social administration in the world. However the threat in the underdeveloped world for clients not to have money to pay for privatized social services is very likely. In any case, if social services organization and delivery is left for the state or municipal authorities without privatization, the payments will be less or there will be no payments of clients at all. The national and municipal budgets will feel tensions, but the poor people themselves will be more happy having provided social services. Here I do not consider such situations when public money is devoted to a private organization or NGO to deliver services. The latter situation is also an alternative.
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From a political perspective, key risks are 1) that privatization itself is both a product and producer of a particular ideology, and 2) that the global capitalist framework makes such decisions more or less irreversible. If interested, there are good documentaries on the issues you raise above, for example the effects on IMF policies for money lending to developing countries, which force countries to give up access to key infrastructure (e.g. privatisation of water supply and provision, which exclude the poor).