Snow - Science topic

Since i am going for, Glacier studies optical based data for correlation. it is imperative to select suitable band combination your replies would be highly appreciated.

Dear colleagues

Could someone send to me an already validated protocol for microplastic analysis in fresh snow that includes sampling and analysis in the lab?

I suppose there is no need to digest it, but I would greatly appreciate it if someone has a validated protocol to send me.

greetings

Dr. JM Rios

I am thinking that Skiing done by people in upper reaches is causing early melting of snow, that is causing later on scarcity of water in lower regions. If we will not disturb with snow it will took time to melt.

What is your suggestion regarding this Question?

Dear All,

I am currently in the process of learning the Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) model, specifically working with the preprocessor module in the Sikkim Himalayan region, which is part of the High Mountain Asia (HMA) region.

I have encountered an issue in the "Module" tab of the preprocessing tool. I selected and saved data for glaciers, snow, groundwater, and routing, but after running this step, only the GlacFrac map appears in the table of contents. In the Python console, it indicates that "temp2" and "temp3.tif" have been removed.

I am seeking assistance in understanding the cause of this problem and how to resolve it. Any guidance on this matter would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you in advance for your help.

Hello, everyone！recently we are collecting ground hyperspectral measurement data ( such as soil, vegetation, snow ) with a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. We have collected some spectral data, but it is still not enough for our research. Therefore, we would like to ask you where there is a free open spectral library ? Or we can cooperate together. Thank you very much.

Does snow cover play an important role at the global and regional level? So that it reflects a large part of the incoming radiation and maintains the earth's radiation balance?

It would be a project report conducte by Dobbertin M, Jüngling E (2009) Totholzverwitterung und C-Gehalt. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 3 p which is currently not available in the internet anymore.

I am working on Snow hazards and Remote sensing. I want to calculate SWE from D-InSAR image. How can I calculate equation ⑸ in Rott et al. (2003) from Fig. 1?

Snow accumulation on road surfaces will turn into ice by over-passing traffic, especially heavy traffic. Ice will move by a small amount every time a vehicle passes. Why will it end up in pointed, thorn-like peaks?

hello

I am using ESRI LULC for a glacierized watershed in ArcSWAT.

What will be the classification of flooded vegetation in the database file?

Similarly, what should I use for snow/ice to make a look-up table?

The description of ESRI classification is attached herewith.

What are the factors that cause the formation of snow? Does snowfall in a region generally depend on climatic and geographical factors such as latitude, altitude, distance from the main water sources and the type of air mass cycle in the region? What other factors are involved in your opinion?

I have computed the evapotranspiration in MATLAB using the FAO PM method and found negative values especially in January month. The study site was in Sicily, Italy ( very rare for snow and uncommon the temperature less than 0 degree temperature) Could yo suggest me why the value is negative, please?

There it remains unspecified about, among those two legged beings, before snow ball earth of ice age era, whether there were human beings and their traces not yet discovered due to having no knowledge of whereabouts if there were any human living beings on the earth?

weather forecasting, the prediction of the weather through application of the principles of physics, supplemented by a variety of statistical and empirical techniques. In addition to predictions of atmospheric phenomena themselves, weather forecasting includes predictions of changes on Earth’s surface caused by atmospheric conditions—e.g., snow and ice cover, storm tides, and floods. Measurements and ideas as the basis for weather prediction weather conditions

source: Weather forecasting | Methods, Importance, & History | Britannica

Dear All,

I want to know any available article of statistical method to estimate - Human activities (Anthropogenic), which can accelerate snow melting. Please help to find any suitable method to any published article on this topic.

There are several human activities (GHGs emission, CO2 release, urbanization etc.), which resulted massive snow melting now a days. But to quantify the percentage (%) of share coming from Human activities, which causing SCA change.

Thanks in advance.

Abhishek Banerjee

Email - babai632@gmail.com

Throwing projectiles on mountains to let down accumulated snow and falling rocks;

The north part of earth is filled with snow; and many people have been stuck in snow & avalanches; do you agree with using projectiles for prevention?

It is said that due to high surface reflectance(bright surface) of snow covered region, estimation of AOD using spectral channels of sensors onboard satellites like MODIS, SUOMI-NPP and Sentinel-3, is limited. I am studying snow melt in Himalayan region where Aerosol Optical depth is crucial for correct estimation of Radiation processes. Are there any methods (or) alternative satellite sensors (or) indirect methods to capture the spatio-temporal variability of AOD over Himalayan snow covered regions?

I am working on loads such as snow load, and I was wondering how it is achievable to assign a uniform horizontal projected load to a spherical shell (i.e. not applied to the reference surface)?

I am working on a study of sample size 100 collected through snow ball technique using referral method. Can you please guide that in order to achieve my objectives, should I apply  parametric techniques ( as sample size is 100) or should apply non- parametric techniques ( as samples are not selected randomly) ??

Please pour your valuable suggestions 

Hello Dear Users!

I have a problem with low value of surface runoff. In my output.std is:

PRECIP =    620.9 MM

SNOW FALL =   52.53 MM

SNOW MELT =    52.25 MM

SUBLIMATION =     0.28 MM

SURFACE RUNOFF Q =     5.90 MM

LATERAL SOIL Q =   11.97 MM

TILE Q =     0.00 MM

GROUNDWATER (SHAL AQ) Q =   138.97 MM

GROUNDWATER (DEEP AQ) Q =    52.86 MM

REVAP (SHAL AQ => SOIL/PLANTS) =   55.96 MM

DEEP AQ RECHARGE =    53.14 MM

TOTAL AQ RECHARGE =  192.12 MM

TOTAL WATER YLD =   210.15 MM

PERCOLATION OUT OF SOIL =  193.78 MM

ET =    415.9 MM

PET =    621.6MM

My calibration NS is 0.73. How parameters can increase the value for surface runoff?

Best regards

Damian

I am working on building a snow melt runoff model using satellite based Snowcover, Snow albedo, Snow temperature, AOD, etc.,. Also using global forecasted air temperature datasets. I am looking for a test basin for my model where Snow water equivalent, Snow depth, Snow temperature, Snowmelt runoff and air temperature records for multiple years are available over multiple snow melt seasons. Any suggestions?

Hello, everyone. I don't quite understand some physical mechanisms when I am doing research on snow depth of lidar. I hope I can get help.

When I read the previous literature, I learned that the longer the wavelength of electromagnetic wave, the stronger the ability to "bypass" snow and the higher the penetration depth.  But why is 532 more penetrating than 1064nm in lidar?(artile:Lidar measurement of snow depth: a review."doi:10.3189/2013JoG12J154)

Hello everyone,

Hello,

I am working on a precipitation analysis and have data for two rain gauges. I also have air temperature. What is the best way to determine precipitation type? What is a good temperature to assume anything above is rain and anything below is snow? I assume there is also an uncertainty range (-1C to 4C?)?

Any help would be much appreciated!

Any downscaled reanalysis/satellite based high resolution (less than 10km) temperature data available for whole HKH region which can be used for snow research for time domain 2000-2015?

Hello everyone,

I am currently working on my masters thesis to maximize water system performance in the Chilean Laja River basin under climate change. I need historical observed data for streamflow of the rivers Tucapel and Puente Perales. Similarly, I need snow accumulation data for the basin as well.

Could someone please kindly suggest, where/how I could find these data? Has anyone downloaded these data from internet. I would be grateful for any suggestions.

Thank you in advance!

Cheers

AS

Hi. I want to research about geothermal and find relationship between geothermal and snow cover ( snow melting) and vegetation stress. i am looking for an idea about how can i do this? and the important qustion is can i do this with optical sensors?

Hello!

I'm looking to use this model to get the Snow Water Equivalence (SWE) from my snow height data but I'm having a hard time understanding how to actually start using this model/where to put the inputs etc. If anyone has some experience using this model it would be greatly appreciated!

Alternatively if you have another suggestion on how to obtain SWE from snow height (no snow density available, however climate data is) it would be greatly appreciated!

Thanks in advanced!

Hi Everyone!

I have already calculated the original NDSI index, and I would like to use PCA analysis for more accurate results. I read in a study that I need the brightest and the darkest component for the index calculation (NDPCSI). I also read that this corresponds to the PCA component 1 and component 2. That is also mean Band 1 and Band 2? (if not, which bands should I use) Because I did the PCA analysis with Landsat 8 Bands (1-8), but I'm not sure what I supposed to use. I am a little bit confused about it.

Somebody could help me in this case, please?

I would be very glad if you tell me.

I am looking to get snowfall data or temporal snow cover data from non-modeled data platforms. If anyone has some information then please share it.

Dear all,

Is there a literature review or a comprehensive study on the unsaturated of various soils under the influence of snow that is gradually accumulated on the ground over winter?

Thank you in advance.

Ali Ahmadi

I'm troubleshooting Fv/Fm measurements on dark-adapted snow algae samples in the field. We have a field season coming up in the North Cascade Mountains here in Washington State. I have an Opti-Sciences OS1p flourometer. If you have insight into the process, I would love to hear about your successes and struggles.

The unknown factors I forsee coming up are:

- Does the probe need to be submerged in the sample?

- What is the ideal "slushiness" of the sample? i.e. how much water vs. snow?

- How long to dark-adapt samples?

- How much algal tissue is necessary for accurate readings?

Thanks for your thoughts.

I am modeling the impact of snow events on traffic flow to extract the relationship between snow events and traffic flow. Known the pattern of the relationship between these 2 variables will be used in the prediction model.

Giving an assumption of snow value, I want to predict the traffic flow value.

I have historical spatiotemporal weather & traffic data, and I was thinking to use trajectories modeling approach to analyze the relationship between these 2 variables in my data.

Then using the trajectory model outcome to train the prediction model in order to predict the traffic flow value.

Not sure if my methodology would achieve my goal or if there's any research work similar to this approach.

I would greatly appreciate it if you share your thoughts.

Dear experts,

I have snow parameters calculated using MODIS snow products and I'm trying to validation with ERA5-Land monthly averaged - ECMWF climate reanalysis images using Pearson correlation. MODIS snow products have spatial resolution of 500 m while ERA-5 has 0.1 degree (11.1 km) of spatial resolution, thus terrible for me to correlation, even resizing back to 500m doesn't make sense. Could one of you be so kind for any advices, please?

There's any software able to efficiently simulate snowmelt runoff paths on a specific surface (also looking at the geomorphology, e.g. considering available DEMs), starting from local snowmelt runoff measures?

>> More details: I have punctual values of snowmelt runoff (m3/s), crossing the end section of a watershed, but I would like to find out a solution so as to spatially simulate snowmelt runoff flows on the entire watershed, looking at the values obtained to its end section.

Good morning/evening

in the years I've used R extensively (mostly the package ggplot2) in order to produce high resolution plots of my data. Since I'm about to start a new project that involves analyzing snow samples across Antarctica, I want to plot the different locations on the continent... problem is, I mostly plot with R, and I'd like to keep using it, but when I search for how to plot coordinates in R, most people focuses on the rest of the world and discard the Antarctic continent. Does anyone know any way to quickly plot coordinates in R? Or direct me to some sources I can study in order to solve this problem?

The simulation of the snowmelt runoff using the SRM model seems to be characterized by some issues regarding the inclusion of wind data in input setting. Since wind data have a primary role in snow accumulation, how can I efficiently include this factor in order to preserve the accuracy of SRM simulations?

I am looking for literature suggestions on the topic of snow aggregation. My main interest is on the aggregation process itself (rather than papers describing aggregate snowflakes characteristics) and its driving factors

Dear all,

I'm doing my time-series research using MODIS snow products' snow albedo (version 6) band to calculate daily snow water equivalent. However, my study area is heavily cloud-contaminated. Therefore, the majority of the pixels have been masked out due to the MODIS algorithm. The pixels are not enough to analyze for seasonal behavior of snow water equivalent. I found MCD43A1.006 MODIS BRDF-Albedo Model Parameters Daily 500m. But it is wavelength-specified albedos. Will it be possible to apply the bands corresponding to the snow reflectance curve? Thank you in advance.

I am working on a risk assessment and management, integrating physical and social sciences, for a high altitude mountainous region. The area is prone to multiple natural hazards, particularly snow storm and avalanche. There are literatures on social vulnerability to earthquake, flood, drought, cyclone and hurricane; but, could not find any on avalanche. So, I would like to know if there are similar research relating to avalanche and what indicators are good for understanding social vulnerability to avalanche.

hello,

I need the albedo value on the ground to be able to calculate the solar radiation for a location. I know that the albedo value is not the same for oceans, snow, ... etc.

I would like to know is the albedo value for a site varies every hour or remains constant?

thank you in advance

Dear all,

I am looking for any information about the relationships between the snowfall or snow cover with an altitude over the Tibetan plateau. I know that in general, the precipitation is lower at a higher altitude, And the temperature trend is opposite but I am mainly interested in how long the snow cover lasts at different altitudes. Probably saying that the temperatures are lower and the cause of that snow lasts longer is far too simple.

Do you have any information about that or know published papers?

Greetings

Lukasz

Hi everyone, is there any paper or model which relates the factors which control snowfall rates? The idea is to quantify the effect of climatic/geographical conditions to justify the existence of snow over highlands.

The logistic functions relate the occurrence according to the temperature, however, they do not take into account the effect of altitude or vapor pressure directly. Please suggest to me any research that integrates these issues.

Thanks a lot for your help

Welcome, all Suggestions for mitigation of the impact of Spatio-temporal change on Snow, Vegetation, and Timberline in the Indian Himalaya.

What are the best loggers for obtaining changes in snow cover temperature at different depths with changes in air temperature? What are the long-term data loggers without recharging? What loggers come with a great software product?

I am doing my project work in snowmelt runoff modelling. I have collected a Matlab code which I found very difficult to understand due to its complexity.

Any help on compilation of SWAT source code into SWAT.exe would be much appreciated

We obtained the global results using remote sensing reanalysis dataset. But the snow-coverd areas should be removed (like the blank area in the picture below, sources: Purdy et al., 2016). Does anyone know where we could obtain the snow data as mask? Thanks a lot!

We know that heating happens due to mid-infrared region of solar irradiation.

Ice melts due to absorption of which specific range of wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum?

Can we relate this to the vibration states of hydrogen bonds inside ice crystals and due to water molecules?

And is all the energy absorbed in UV, Infrared and Microwave region used for heating the ice mass or could it be used for breaking OH bond and just lead to ionisation?

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_absorption_by_water

Hi,

Could you pleas tell me if I used snow ball sample (nonrandom sample) to achieve the following objectives by using SMART-PLS.

1- to determine the relationship between I.V1 and D.V. , I have used path coefficient (path analysis) only.

2- to determine the effect of I.V1 and I.V2 on D.V, I used path coefficients , R2 and effect size (f2) only (without applying construct validity, decrement validity).

is it correct steps?

Thank you so much.

Hi

Do you any publicly accessible ground observations which have both solid and liquid precipitation rate? Preferably for many sites in different regions.

Assuming that ground measured data is the most reliable for the snowfall rate.

Thank you.

Hello scholars, 

Can the Variable Infiltration (VIC) model be applied to a large Tropical Basin (e.g of Africa) where there is no occurrence or history of snow?

a quick response is needed. thanks

How does Tibetan plateau snow cover influence summer rainfall and extremes over Africa?

Hi everyone,

I am using HBV model with daily temperature and precipitation as its input. Accurate and reliable winter precipitation is hard to measure in prairie and other cold regions, but weather station data is still only sources to run hydrological models. So I have snow survey data as supplements, where snow survey is usually conducted right before snow melt beginning.

How could I incorporate snow survey data into daily precipitation record so that I can use HBV model to simulate spring snow melt runoff? Or you have other options, such as using re-analyzed data, to go forward?

Kangsheng

I hope to exchange information about this phenomenon caused by a species of algae

Unlike Microwave data, optical data is not sensitive to snow depth and internal snow pack properties. But Is there any other way with which it is possible to estimate snow volume using optical remote sensing data. I could not find any relevant publications on this topic. Kindly share links of articles, or any ideas in this connection. I appreciate the time and effort taken for answering this query.

Thank you.

Hello Researchers,

I faced a problem while using Landsat 8 OLI surface reflectance product. The images of the same scene captured on different dates show very different contrast in colour. Any particular Radiometric/Atmospheric corrections required?

Sun angle, cloud/snow cover are not there, I am sure for that. Because it is a plain topograhy and the selected images are with less than 10% scene cloud cover.

Please provide technical answers only matching with the question.

Regards.

Snow fences are using in cold regions of different countries (US, Canada etc.) to prevent the road casualties along the roads. I would like to study for the feasibility of using snow fence in Nepal. Can you please let me know if you have any idea about it or if you have done any research about it in the context of Nepal?

- Keshav Basnet

Dear coworkers,

my questions are about HRLDAS. I am runing HRLDAS with GLDAS-based forcing data.

For running offline LSM such HRLDAS, we know we need atmospheric forcing and initial data.

In case of HRLDAS, we need forcing data such as

Rainf/ Snowf/ Wind/ Tair/ Qair/ Psurf/ SWdown/ LWdown/ SWdown24/ Precip/ U/ V/

and initial data such as

SWE/ Canopint/ AvgSurfT/ SoilM/ Tsoil

from Reanalysis data or other land assimilation data. (my case, GLDAS)

My question in this step is, why it need combine_precipitation and hourly interpolation of solar radiation?

I mean, from forcing data, we extracted snow and rain separately, but next step is to combine them as a precipitation. Is there any reason for this?

And why should we need to do hourly interpolation of solar radiation via zenith angle using 3hrly solar radiation? why only this parameter?

Thanks for time and for reading my question!

Thanks in advance.

Arim

My email if necessary : arimyun@yonsei.ac.kr

I’m exploring monitoring of snow cover on the river, I used the NDSI NDWI index, but they show me that snow is water and water is snow, how can I distinguish them?

A lot of people suggested to use Water and change the CN value afterwards but I already have Water and Barren land as other classes.

I have a datasheet of snowpack depth by using a Campbell SR50 Sonic sensor. But even after read the manual, it's not clear for me what's the depth of the snowpack. Can someone help me with this?

For several weeks, the ice surrounding Vernadsky's research base in Antarctica has looked like a bloodbath.

In recent weeks, the ice surrounding the Ukrainian research base in Vernadsky, Antarctica, has been covered with what researchers call "raspberry snow". A sight that may sound scary but has a simple scientific explanation, says British media The Sun.

What looks like a bloodbath is actually linked to the presence of a red-pigmented alga, called Chlamydomonas nivalis. The latter develops in icy water and generally remains dormant under snow and ice until summer melts some of the snow. Once in the sun, its red pigment helps the algae absorb heat and thrive. As a result, the presence of this organism has the effect of causing faster melting of snow and ice since the more it absorbs heat, the faster the surrounding ice melts.

A phenomenon that worries some scientists. On Facebook, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine believes that these algae "contribute to global warming".

"Because of its crimson red color, snow reflects less sunlight and melts faster. As a result, more and more algae are produced", the ministry said. The more algae, the more the ice melts and the less ice there is, the more the algae spread. A vicious circle exacerbated by high temperatures.

This phenomenon is not unusual. However, if global temperatures continue to rise, these strange events will eventually become more frequent and help melt snow and ice faster.

From physics perspective the ice or snow are good in reflecting the solar radiation and the land is a good absorber of solar radiation. Let consider scientist who climb the top on mountain covered with glacier for ice core drilling, hope they may expose the land covered by ice to solar radiation and this may accelerate the melting of ice over the mountain. I would like to know is this could explain the melting of glacier for example over mountain Kilimanjaro. Or what are the impact of ice core drilling over tropical mountains?

I am currently doing literature review on snow depth retrieval methods using passive remote sensing. While the algorithm in Chang (1987) says it uses brightness temperature difference at 18 and 37 GHz frequencies (Horizontal)(https://nsidc.org/sites/nsidc.org/files/technical-references/amsr-atbd-supp12-snow.pdf) in few other papers it is mentioned as vertical polarisation( ). Which is correct representation.

I would be grateful for all the responses and time taken to answer this query.

Thankyou.

I am looking for the techniques used in SAR data processing to differentiate the pixels of snow, ice, debris and waterbody.

Thank you

I am not sure which projection system would be best fit to study snow cover of Himalayan mountains through MODIS snow cover data.

How much differ the result of WGS84 and EPSG projection system?

I have two raster one is elevation class map from DEM reclassification and another is snow cover fraction map. I need to calculate elevation class wise Snow cover fraction(%). I do not want to convert the input raster format to vector format because in the later stage I need the output file in raster format.

Topographic effect, data scarcity and complex atmospheric system makes the precipitation of Himalaya mountains very dynamic. Down scaling of precipitation in such area without considering orographic, laps rate, rain shadow, snow, seasonal and annual shift of precipitation phenomena is not much promising.

So, what are best possible ways to down scale the remotely sensed, reanalysis and model output precipitation product over Himalaya mountains by considering the above factors?

Thank you in advance

Dear colleagues,

My question is regarding suggested methodologies for snow sampling in, for example, mountains or peeks. Some ice sampling techniques for these environments would also be appreciated. Must consider these samples are going to be processed to identify microplastics in the snowy mountain ecosystems.

Thanks in advance,

I would like to use Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) for my research, I need to interpolate MODIS 8-Day snow cover data in to daily. although based on the basin characteristics I have extracted 9 elevation zones, therefore I need to extrapolate temperature and precipitation data considering 9 zones.

Please help me by your suggestions.

Thanks in advanced.

A place near Quetta about 40km west to quetta called jangal pir alizai has salt underground water. And in winter ,this region earth surface change their surface colour as white as like snow. But it is due to salinity at the region. So what is the reason of this region plate?