Science topic
Smoking - Science topic
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or something similar to tobacco.
Questions related to Smoking
Accurately measuring smoking behavior in adolescents is critical for understanding prevalence, risk factors, and evaluating intervention effectiveness. However, self-reported data can be influenced by social desirability bias, fear of disclosure, or recall issues. I’m interested in learning about reliable and valid assessment methods—whether through questionnaires, biochemical verification (e.g., cotinine levels), or digital tracking tools.
Hi everyone,
I'm working with a panel dataset in Stata that includes variables such as type 2 diabetes cases, smoker density, and obesity prevalence across different regions and time periods. Some of these variables contain zero values, which represent actual observations (i.e., no reported cases) in certain areas.
As part of our model testing, we tried using log-level and log-log functional forms, but applying the natural logarithm to these variables resulted in missing values (.) due to ln(0) being undefined. This caused several issues during regression and especially with our Hausman test, where the note said:
“The rank of the differenced variance matrix (0) does not equal the number of coefficients being tested (3)..."
And also our r-squared is very low, only: 40-50. To address this, we are considering transforming our variables using ln(x + 1) instead. I understand this is a common workaround in many contexts, but I would like to ask:
- Is ln(x + 1) an acceptable transformation in this case, particularly for disease prevalence and behavioral variables like smoking, where zero indicates no incidence?
- Are there any published studies or datasets that use this method, especially in Stata or in health economics or epidemiology research?
- Will this approach help preserve the integrity of the sample when running tests like the Hausman test or fixed/random effects models?
Any references, insights, or recommendations would be greatly appreciated!
Thank you in advance.
The choice to employ snowball sampling in this study is driven by the unique and sensitive nature of studying smoking habits. It is challenging to identify and explore through conventional sampling methods. Snowball sampling, by relying on existing social networks and participant referrals, provides a valuable approach to reach individuals engaged in smoking within this particular context. Is there any way to change it to probability sampling technique?
I will hope to research the relationship between anxiety level and smoking in our university
Raw data is now rarely presented in clinical trials on nutrition. Most of the time I see data that has been "adjusted" for one or more variables. I do not remember seeing any explanation as to the technical details of these adjustments.
How exactly is this adjustment occurring? What is the math? And why was that math developed? What are the underlying assumptions behind it?
My concern is that we may be adjusting away important correlations if some of our adjustment assumptions are incorrect.
Can someone please help me with this?
For instance, I would like to do a logit using variables:
1. bblr - low birth weight (output: lbw/not lbw)
2. merokok - exposed to smoking behavior (output: smoking/not smoking)
3. ras - race (output: white/black/others)
While I understand the concept of odds ratio themselves and how to interpret dichotomous output such as bblr and merokok, I can't fathom well on how to intepret the race variables.
Here's how my stata output looks like.
Thanks!
Effect: The term "effect" refers to the change in one variable that is caused by another variable. For example, a researcher might investigate the effect of a new medication on reducing symptoms of a disease.
Impact: The term "impact" refers to the broader consequences or outcomes that result from a particular action or event. In research, the term "impact" is often used to describe the effects of an intervention on individuals, groups, or communities. For example, a researcher might investigate the impact of a public health campaign on reducing rates of smoking.
Relationship: The term "relationship" refers to the connection or association between two or more variables. In research, the term "relationship" is often used to describe how variables are related to each other, such as a positive or negative correlation. For example, a researcher might investigate the relationship between a person's level of physical activity and their risk of developing certain health conditions.
Role: The term "role" refers to the function or purpose that a particular variable plays in a system or process. In research, the term "role" is often used to describe the contribution of a particular variable to a larger phenomenon. For example, a researcher might investigate the role of a particular gene in the development of a disease.
Nexus: The term "nexus" refers to the interconnectedness or interdependence of different variables. In research, the term "nexus" is often used to describe how different factors interact with each other to produce a particular outcome. For example, a researcher might investigate the nexus between climate change and food security, exploring how changes in weather patterns impact crop yields and food availability.
Hi All,
I need help finding sources for reliable data on smoking behaviour in terms of health risks. I tried OSF, but it doesn't have data on smoking.
I shall be highly grateful for any help.
Thank you.
Best,
Mariyam Abbas
To date, there is an extensive and quite evidence-based literature on the negative impact of rock music (primarily hard rock) on the natural biorhythms of the human heart, brain and other organs. it's easy to get a list of hundreds of papers on the subject by googling keywords like rock-music and heart arrhythmia or similar.
An analysis of these publications shows that the harm of hard rock to people's health, in any case, is no less than the harm of smoking. So isn't it time to extend to heavy rock the same bans that apply to smoking in public places?
What do you think about the most important concepts held by the physical education specialist about the phenomenon of smoking for student athletes?
When we have any medical disorder there are always causes or factors that help in developing this condition. for example when someone complain from lower back pain. The primary causes might be injury, Obesity, Occupation, ect. In addition to other risk factors that include physically been inactive, smoking, psychosocial factors..
Here I need to understand how we can differentiate association factor from risk factor scientifically?
Thanks
Begard
Searching for a formula to convert into excel for my student's research. Found:
Risk_Factors = (ln(Age) * 3.06117) + (ln(Total_cholesterol) * 1.12370) - (ln(HDL_cholesterol) * 0.93263) + (ln(Systolic_blood_pressure) * On_blood_pressure_medication) + Cigarette_smoker + Diabetes_present - 23.9802Risk = 100 * (1 - 0.88936e(Risk_Factors))
Not sure how to convert it for one and it doesn't make provisions for BMI! Can probably figure out how to do the conversion for the original with time, but then I am still missing the ingredient for the special sauce of this research! Why not just ask my international peers for help? Pretty please.
Smoking has found to result increased cholesterol level. What is the mechanism of action for hypercholestremia due to smoking.
As I know, smoking can cause lung cancer and body cells turn into cancer cells due to mutations. However, what is the name of the carcinogenic substance in cigarettes and how can it make body cells mutate?
I want to know how age, obesity (0 for no and 1 for yes), smoking status (0 for no smoking and 1 for having smoking) affect the serum Vitamin D level using regression with SPSS.
The best-fit curve for age reported: Linear (R2=0.108), Quadratic (R2=0.109), Cubic (R2=0.106)
So I assumed that the E(VitaminD)= b0 + b1*Age +b2*Age^2
But if want to put this into a multiple regression analysis with age, obesity, and smoking status as independent variables, which one should I use? Age+obesity+smokingStatus or Age^2+obesity+smokingStatus?
For example, I want to know how baseline characteristics of patients (age, BMI...) and the confounding factors (smoking, diabetes or other chronic diseases) affect the serum vitamin D value. Which regression model should I use?
I use SPSS and R for analyzing the data
How can i analyze possible confounding variables of smoking and income on SPSS?
Alcohol, Smoking , COVID-19
I am having difficulty understanding random stratified sampling when there are nested categories within them. Take for instance a size of 1000, and you are interested in sampling gender and smoking. Lets assum there are 500 females, so does that mean you create a first gender stratum with 500 females and 500 males. Subseqeuntly you randomly select participants from each gender category, and then create a second strata within each gender categories for smoker vs. and non-smoker. Then you select a random sample from each of these cateogory. Is that how stratified random sampling works? Because that sounds like multi-stage sampling to me? Please help I'm trying to visualise how it all works.
Hello,
Assuming we have an interview guide for a semi-structured interview for a study that is qualitative where there is a question that is a leading question. What is the best way to rephrase that question for it to be a non-leading question?
Example:
How do you believe smoking contributes to lung cancer?
The question here implies that smoking contributes to lung cancer and the researcher is asking how does it contribute to that which is a leading question.
Is there a rule or a technique to format questions that are probing causation or correlation without it being close ended or leading in nature?
Using the example above, how would you rephrase that question?
In his journal about his trip to "Lapland," Linnaeus mentions an "Agaric" that indigenous people use for insect control: "…the Agaric of the Spruce Fir (Agaricus Fl. Lapp. n. 517), a flat sessile species, which is the chief remedy used by the Laplanders against gnats, by smoking themselves as well as their reindeer with it. When these insects become very numerous and troublesome, they force the reindeer from their pastures. …The Laplanders lay small piles of this fungus, every morning and evening, upon the fire in their huts, by which means only they are enabled to sleep at their ease." I'm trying to identify this fungus, or a group of funghi that was historically used for insect control. Many thanks.
Göran Wahlenberg in Flora Lapponica (1812) lists Agaricus Fl. Lapp. n. 517 among the synonyms of Merulius sepiarius (currently Gloeophyllum sepiarius)
this is a species that actually grows on conifers but I have not found confirmation in other authors so far
The carcinogenic effect of smoking was finally proved in the 1960-/1970-ties. However, at that time DDT, Lindane and the like were sprayed onto the tobacco leaves, and the warming- and burning-products of these substances were inhaled by smokers.
Opposed to mice and rats used in trials, humans have been exposed to smoke from plant parts in thousands of generations. Humans are therefore likely to have evolved smoke resistance.
The eyelid could be a ”macro-example”. Has smoke resistance been shown in humans at a molecular level?
(I also asked this question as a discussion: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_the_carcinogenic_effect_of_smoking_solely_due_to_pesticides_Is_there_any_evidence_that_ecological_tobacco_causes_cancer_in_humans2
Please consider where your answer is most relevant. You can of course also answer both places.
This will be helpful to the readers of RG)
This was first published almost 10 years ago.
Conference Paper Should We Treat Workplace Inactivity like Occupational Hazar...
Now almost a decade later, has there been any progress? Chronic workplace inactivity has been a pandemic in developed societies for much longer than a decade. The healthcare and productivity costs of workplace inactivity are all increasingly well documented. Unfortunately, this sentence from 2012 probably still applies: "Employers often provide break time and specific areas for smoking, yet to do this for exercise may be considered distracting, counterproductive, and/or too expensive." .
Thank you for considering this discussion.
According to recent study showed that Nicotine may play an indirect role that makes it harder for the virus to gain to access cells AND smokers seem less likely than non-smkers to fall ill with COVID-19.
What is your opinion ?
In my opinion : Nicotine is known to decrease immunity response against infections . So , possibility to develop cytokine storm will be less. I believe this is why it help in COVID-19.
The same thing you will see less aggressive COVID-19 in patients with immunodeficiency e.g. PID or patients on immunosupressive e.g. SLE and RA patients.
I need to hear your opinions regarding this issue.
Regards,
Abdul Hadi Al-Qahtani, MD/MHA
Can we carry out proportion test as usual and use t-values instead of Z value. For example in a college for two classes the smoking incidence data is Class A - 6/18; Class B - 7/22. Instead of using Chi-square, I will do proportion test and use t - values for significance?
Does smoking cause male infertility?
Does it have the same harm as oil burns? is any relation between them regarded to male infertility?
Thanks
I have successfully generated the following macro for differences of differences (2 procedures, 2 time periods) in a multivariate logistic regression model. However, how do I take a step back to compare just the 2 time periods (regardless of procedure) and get p values and odds ratios for the comparison? I thought this would be the easier part.
* Perform multivariate regression on predictors of readmission, reoperation, and morbidity for differences of differences in Tables 3-5;
%macro logodds(var);
proc logistic data=data09_19;
class time proc race_o smoking hypertension dial ASA_ge3 plf_adj rev_surg / param=glm ref=first;
model &var(event="1") = time proc time*proc age1 race_o smoking hypertension dial ASA_ge3 tothlos plf_adj rev_surg;
lsmeans time*proc / e ilink adjust=bon;
lsmestimate time*proc "Diff in Diff LogOdds" 1 -1 -1 1;
ods output modelanova=anova oddsratios=odds;
store log;
proc print data=anova;
proc print data=odds;
proc export data=anova
outfile="E:\LogonData\UserFolders\sarinm\anterior_vs_posterior_fusion\&var._anova.xls"
dbms=xls replace;
proc export data=odds
outfile="E:\LogonData\UserFolders\sarinm\anterior_vs_posterior_fusion\&var._odds.xls"
dbms=xls replace;
run;
%mend logodds;
%logodds(readm_c);
%logodds(reop_c);
%logodds(morbidity_c);
run;
What is the nature and direction of the association between smoking and obesity?
Which is a more dangerous radiation smoking cigarette or smoking Narghile.
I want to check if smoking in RA effects the CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ count
protect environment from the problems of tobacco product that have proven the facts and studies that it cause degradation of ecosystems, which led to pollute many regions in the world by toxic waste and first that have occurred .
I'm getting more and more confused the more I read about variable selection in regression analysis, hopefully you can guide me.
We are trying to identify risk factors for developing pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery and I'm now building the regression model but I don't know how to handle previously known risk factors that aren't significant in my cohort. I started with univariate analyses of all the potential risk factors and added only those with a p value < 0.1 to the multivariate model. Smoking is an example of a variable that isn't significant in our cohort but is a well established risk factor for developing pulmonary complications in the literature. Should I add smoking to my model or not? I can't seem to find any answers in other articles since they all use different variable selection processes and I see that many researchers don't motivate their choice of variables very well.
Also, how do I interpret OR 1.0 (CI 1.0-1.0) and p value < 0.05? It is significant and the CI doesn't include 0 but it also says that there is no increased risk. Should I still add it to the multivariate model?
Who Says Smoking can Cause a Cancer? Learning new info is always fun!
i have written a review paper on topic covid-19 and smoking explaining the underlying mechanism why smokers are more prone and higher severity in them but not finding a journal for publication indexed in scopus, crossref
I'm studying the effect of an ordinal variable (eating healthy food [Rarely, Sometimes, Mostly, Always] as an example) on a binary outcome (Smoking [Yes, No] for example)
My question is, which category should I choose as a reference [Rarely or sometimes ...]?
Because the odds ratios will differ accordingly, so which one should be the starting point?
Thank you!
This question relates to possible protection from COVID-19 by IgA antibody in the lungs.
I live in Japan where many people suffer from hay fever (allergic rhinitis), the season of which now is coming to an end.
People with allergic rhinitis have enhanced type 2 immunity ("Th2 immunity"), including elevated levels of cytokine IL-5 ( ), so are expected to have a stronger IgA response.
The immune system protects against SARS-CoV-2 with antibodies, amongst which IgA in the lung lumen should be non-inflammatory, as well as with cytotoxic responses that may induce a strong inflammation followed by ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). So a stronger reliance on the IgA arm of the immune system upon SARS-CoV-2 infection probably reduces the risk of ARDS(-induced death).
So far, compared to other countries, Japan hasn't been hit very hard by COVID-19, and I wonder whether that may in part be explained by many people having an immune system with "type 2 polarization" caused by the hay fever. If so, that non-specific protection may soon wane if the hay fever season is finished.
To my frustration, I can't find that much information about luminal IgA in the lungs relevant to the above. If anyone can elaborate, I would be grateful.
I am conducting a qualitative research on smoking among youths in rural Appalachia. How do I incorporate the theory of planned behavior in developing open ended questions?
If you know a good journal about the keywords mentioned above and the following features, please let me know. regards
1) isi - scopus or pubmed indexed
2) low impact factor
3) high acceptance rate to some extent
4)accepting systematic reviews
Dear respected colleagues,
Your viewpoint and valuable comments would be highly appreciated.
Thank you all
Hello everyone,
I have a sample of 150 responses:
31 smoking and 119 non-smoking. I want to use gender, race, age, etc. as IV to predict the DV (smoking vs non-smoking). Do you know if I can do the logistic regression in this case?
I notice that WHO recommends nothing regarding tobacco use and COVID-19. I also notice a deafening silence regarding reports in JAMA regarding tobacco use in the papers published there.
The Lancet has published the solely paper where smoking appears, it looks like it has killed the first victims and it perhaps explains why old males are more likely to die.
Another "appearance" of smoking is seen in this non-peer-review manuscript: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.20020974v1.full.pdf+html. In the manuscript, it looks like smoking is "innocent", but the authors adjusted by a clear intermediary variable towards the "composite endpoint", called "pneumonia severity" that nullifies the smoking effects, which was not recognized by the authors. In my view, it looks like an involuntary mistake from the author, given that the manuscript was not peer-reviewed.
Again, I wish to know why does it happen?-
This is especially important to my latest project addressing drinking and smoking. I follow research and I am well aware of many diseases or conditions caused by drinking and smoking. What I want to know is what are the diseases ONLY CAUSED BY (not ALSO CAUSED BY) drinking and smoking? If such diseased exist, I want to delve into studies on them for my project.
Thanks in advance.
Hello, I'm doing a smoking study on BEAS-2B cells, and was wondering what the most appropriate method of preparing cigarette smoke extract in the lab, I do not have access to a smoke machine. Also, how can the extract be quantified, what equipment would I use to measure the concentration. Most papers have prepared a stock solution using cell medium and then quantified as a dilution to their stock. Thank you.
please who can help me to come up with a good research question and hypotheses on smoking and sleep?
I want to know if anyone knows some statistical simulation model that relates tobacco with childhood asthma. Recently we had a publication, but found very little information.
I am trying to do an expeiment on smoking behavior, and I want some standard pictures of smoking items, like lighter, ashtray.
kindly help explain
-increased smoking contributing to HNSCC in Asia
-Increased HPV in America/Europe
Doing a research in a hospital on lifestyle where the prevalence of smoking and of alcohol consumption are 6.8 and 2.8%; respectively.
I have not obtained the indicators of the prevalence of Smoking and alcohol in each cities or provinces in China.So, whether could I substitute the prevalence with certain indicator? If can, which is the best? Thanks a lot.
As health care advocates for children, pediatric staff and family medicine have to alert parents and older children about the risk of potential nicotine use among children and teenagers.
Several tobacco promotions may reach children in early age, either through social media or peers.
Many smoking habits and other forms of nicotine use begin in adolescence, hence the vital role of the health care system to prevent and proactively addresse this risk before such health risk problems arise in this vulnerable population.
As health care advocates:
What's the best way to address nicotine prevention among children and parents?
Hi! I am looking for some epidemiological research about the main risk factors of cancer. It would be great if there will be the percentage for each cause eg. smoking is in 30% responsible for developing cancer.
Trying to get clearer on the process of acquisition of "reward-based" versus "habit based"
An obvious answer would be tar, but I can't find any analytical evidence for this. I have even found some weak evidence* against this. It seems that it's not even one particular substance.
Haemosiderin is sometimes implicated, but acculumation of this compound is seen equally in smokers and non-smokers.**
*Joyce K. Newman PhD , A. E. Vatter PhD & O. K. Reiss PhD (1967) Chemical and Electron Microscopic Studies of the Black Pigment of the Human Lung, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 15:4, 420-429, DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664943
** Craig, P. J., Wells, A. U., Doffman, S., Rassl, D., Colby, T. V., Hansell, D. M., ... & Nicholson, A. G. (2004). Desquamative interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitis and their relationship to smoking. Histopathology, 45(3), 275-282, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01921.x
Hi,
I know that there have been similar questions on this topic but I am still really confused about coding categorical data, running a binary logistic regression on SPSS. I do not really understand why there is a "reference" category. I am running a BLR, the DV is 20 year survival (alive=0, dead=1). The IV is smoking (no=0, yes=1), if I choose to select categorical and hold the first category as the reference category then I am predicting the outcome of smoking status of yes (1) being in the category of dead (1), if I hold the last as the reference then it is the smoking group no (0) in the death category. Am i correct on that?
Now, I have to add another variable, age which is in categories. Now I am totally lost because there are 6 categories for age, how does that work holding the first category as the reference in comparison to the last category as a reference (age categories are 1-6 with 1 being the youngest 18-24, 25-34, etc and 6 being 65+).
I know that this has been discussed because I have read through so many of the discussions but I am still confused :[
Thank you!!
Is anxiety linked to risk aversion in adolescents, as is generally the case, or does the need to be accepted push adolescents with anxiety to take more risks ?
Smoking and/or drug consumption seem to be linked to anxiety.
Maybe we should distinguish between the different kinds of risk-taking ?
While both are being happily used by people while every book of medicine describes their side effects. While there are limits to alcohol consumption in some countries, still no limits to smoking?
What do you say about this?
Hi all!
I have a question about boost converters. Whenever i connect my input source into my boost converter, the voltage immediately drops to 0 at the input terminals. I have no idea why. I have varied the load resistance but still get 0 volts. Only when i input 5 volts, my Arduino Uno produces a high pitched "whistle" and then starts smoking. Please suggest any methods to troubleshoot this problem
We know that Cell phone industry is becoming another cigarette industry, which kept claiming that smoking is not harmful and now there are millions of people around the world who have suffered from smoking. In fact, cell phone/tower radiation is worse than smoking; as one cannot see it or smell it, and its effect on health is noted after a long period of exposure.
Total blood cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were measured in a group of 90 male (coded as 1) and female (coded as 2) adults. Each individual’s smoking status (smoking, coded as 1 or non-smoking, coded as 0) was also recorded. The aim of this assignment is to examine the relationships between these variables.
Hi guys,
I was wondering if smoking fresh garlic bulbs over a smoldering fire (just to give the smoky flavor to the garlic, outside skin turning black but inside cloves remaining raw) can be used as a preservation method to extent its shelf life.
Thank you
The properties of smoking with coffee or tea
By 2040, according to a new report by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the Spanish are expected to have an average lifespan of 85.8 years, outliving even the Japanese, who have long headed the global longevity tables. And outliving those of us in the UK by almost 2.5 years.
Does anyone have a suggestion why this might be in a population noted for its consumption of alcohol and tobacco?
Junk food or the unhealthy foods are associated with multiple disease process from diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases and cancers.
If smoking can be associated with such labels, then why not these food.
Some attachments may convey time.
Regards
Many people are smoking, dis advantages of smoking are a lot and be known for all, but is there any advantage of smoking,so are you smoking and what is your opinion about it? I would like to share discussion with you, this will give me many useful information.
There is a relationship between smoking and Parkinsonism , could MPTP be a degradation product of Nicotine.
I'm currently conducting a study on KAP of smoking among patients who attend the Quit Smoking Clinic. I'm looking for a validated questionnaire. Anyone has a good questionnaire which I could use?
a- Smoking cessation
b- Long term supplemental Oxygen Therapy ( LTOT )
Studies on the prevalence of COPD in patients with HCV are also scant. In patients with chronic HCV infection, prevalence of COPD (17.6%) and bronchial asthma (14.7%) is significantly higher compared to that in patients with hepatitis B infection matched in age, gender and smoking status (COPD 5%, bronchial asthma 1.7%).[31,32,33]
Respiratory system evaluation and screening can easily be done by Pulmonary Function Tests. It is an important and useful adjunct for correlation and evaluation of, the presenting complaint of patients like cough and dyspnoea, the imaging studies and pre and post treatment respiratory function status, as well as to identify patients with no or insignificant signs and symptoms of respiratory impairment.
Keeping in mind, the huge physiological and clinical importance I decided to carry out this study. In present study the pulmonary function test of smokers were compare with non-smokers. So, it is expected that this knowledge smoking among the people of Northern Bihar (Koshi region) Bihar, where a large population is migrant workers, with poor hygiene and low socioeconomic status, this study was undertaken for a better understanding of the correlation between smoking and its effects on pulmonary functions.
I have access to formalin fixed, paraffin embedded first trimester placental tissue and want to exclude the smoker from my study. Unfortunately, I do not have this information from the women or any other samples.
Is there a way to stain for smoking marker proteins or can I deparaffinize the tissue and measure cotinine/ other markers? I also read about AHH activity or CYP1A1 induction (maybe I can perform a PCR for CYP1A1?)
As it is placental tissue (and not lungs) and the metabolites seem not to be stable , I am looking for a way to determine if the placental tissue comes from a smoking woman or from a non-smoker.
I would be so grateful for any suggestions! Thank you!
Dear colleagues, I want to calculate a CI for relationships between a 3*2 table using SPSS (if possible) or STATA soft-wares. The way of calculation for a 2 by 2 table is clear for me but the former way is unknown.
you can see an attached example file in which the CI has been calculated for age groups and current cigarette smoking status.
Regards,
What is the relationship between tea and coffee on the one hand and smoking on the other?
During the period between 2010 and September 2017 We treated over 1500 psoriasis cases. There was disappearance of signs and symptoms of psoriasis in many cases after discontinuing Wrightia tinctoria herbal usage for a period of 5 to 7 years. The patients are advised to follow healthy dieting and healthy life style. No smoking, no drinking and no soft drinks or juices with preservatives,. Night fasting in sleep. No animal protein. Maintain regular physical activity preferably Yoga or exercise. Regular excretion of waste body metabolites through sweat, urine, stool and breathe. To keep positive emotions and to meditate.
Reducing cancer deaths 40% by making appropriate lifestyle changes. Tobacco smoking, including passive smoking Low intake of fruit and vegetables and high intake of red and processed meat Excessive alcohol consumption Being overweight Being physically inactive Excessive exposure to UV light Infections such as hepatitis C and Human papillomavirus Use of some menopausal hormonal therapy
nicotine is neuroactive as well neuromodulater substance which have distinct roles in differnet brain regions.. what type of work you are going to perform?
I am currently writing my dissertation and look to use the SHQ to assess smoking levels. However, I cannot find this measure for the life of me! If anybody has a copy I can use of this measure that would be amazing.
Doug Hepler, in his 1990's landmark article on Pharmaceutical Care, argued that 'pharmacists are looking for a role..and for self-actualization'. These were some of the reasons PC was launched, with its humanistic, patient-centered philosophy of practice to replace task-orientation and product contentedness. It seems to me that pharmacists are still looking. We now have pharmacists prescribing, and in providing health promotion advice, they educate about non-pharmacological management including dietary advice, exercise, and helping patients quit smoking. All good; but is this a sign of natural professional growth, or is it a sign of professional panic accompanying threats of automation, competition, and dwindling of funding and remuneration?
We want to examine the relationship between smoking and breast cancer. Since smoking has a misclassification, it should be adjusted to find an unbiased relationship. Some methods are presented by Gustafson et al to solve this problem. Some researcher have mentioned that alcohol can also confound this relationship and to find an unbiased relationship; the confounding effect of alcohol should be adjusted too. But the alcohol itself also has misclassification and to controlling total confounding effect of alcohol; this misclassification should be adjusted too. Some methods also exist to solve this problem.
About mentioned scenario; I have a question: so can it be assumed that misclassification alcohol and smoking are independent?
i want to find questions to write in the questionnaire to find if there is a relation between lung cancer and tobacco smoking or not?
I have to perform a toxicokinetic study of urinary metabolites but I need to know the dose of toxins that people absorb when they smoke a cigarette.
I need to feed the data sets for alcohol and smoking intervention, to the algorithm to evaluate the outcome of the recommender system.
Any suggestion to process the data sets will be very helpful to continue my research work.
Thanks
Can we try any alternative to smoking for recording drug responses on the kymograph paper. If possible please do explain . Thank you
I am doing a study from a queue provided by an article in the "bmj" titled "Frequent Nut Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women ", 1998,Vol- 317, pages 1341-1345.in which it stated that a higher consumption of peanuts had an association with the change of smoking habits among the subjects of that study, though no statistical evidence was provided. And thus i would like to know if whether there is any biological association that can probably help me with my study or if there are any literature that could second my so far assumption
because cadmium has antogonist for zinc.
I'm looking for database on smokers, not smokers, former smokers by gender, age and type of disease, period 2012 - 2014 for the following countries: France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. Preferably, the samples should have high number: more than 10,000 units.
Someone knows websites from which to download these databases?
I'm looking for database on smokers, not smokers, former smokers by gender, age and type of disease, period 2012 - 2014 for the following countries: France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia.
Preferably, the samples should have high number: more than 10,000 units.
Someone knows websites from which to download these databases?
Or are there semi-structured interview/ focus group questionnaires available in relation to smoking motivation levels?
Dear,
My name is Mathieu Gourlan, I work at the prevention department of Montpellier Cancer Institute in the south of France.
My colleagues and I are currently conducting a literature review concerning the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in interventions dealing with smoking cessation or reduction.
We have already searched for the institutional databases (e.g ; Psychinfo, pubmed).However, in order to be as comprehensive as possible, we are also searching for unpublished manuscripts (e.g ; thesis, reports) or articles in non-indexed reviews. Does any of you is aware of the existence of this kind of documents related to this topic?
Thank you for your consideration. If you need any further information, feel free to contact me.
Best regards,
Mathieu Gourlan (mathieugourlan@yahoo.fr)
One of my friends is being treated for vertigo, but he cannot stop smoking. Is the treatment affected by that smoking brhavior? What is your opinion?
I'm attempting to predict average physical activity output in smokers through a self-reported questionnaire. I want to the respondents to be able to give weekly averages of time spend doing moderate to vigorous activity.
We are looking for published research on the results of cotinine testing against self-reported smoking status in general population surveys, particularly in low-and-middle income countries. Studies done among specific migrant groups from low-and-middle income countries living in high-income countries also of interest.
Is there a scale that can be used to measure an individual's disgust towards smoking and/or towards those who smoke?
Is anyone aware of (experimental) studies that deal with the latency period between a decrease in risk following reductions in secondhand-smoke exposure at the population level?
So far, I am aware of the use of generic QoL instruments like the SF-36 (or similar tools) for this purpose. These might not sufficiently address areas of health impacted by smoking.
Does anyone know of some related text on how and when was smoking "pack-years" established for the first time and anything on the validity of this exposure assessment method/tool? I
For our project we want to assess smoking behaviour. Nowadays, more than 1 % uses some type of e-smoker. What is the best way to question how and how often they smoke like this. And what the amount of consumed nicotine is?
Our team at M D Anderson Cancer Center is planing to start a study which will address impact of E cigarette smoking on oral tissues. Literature on E cigarettes is very limited and hence any information on the topic will be extremely helpful. Looking forward for some assistance from researchers in the field.
