Sleep Medicine - Science topic

Abstract Objectives This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety levels and poor sleep quality among family caregivers of psychiatric patients, based on the history of sharp object injuries (SOI) inflicted by the patients. Design A case-control study. Setting and data The data were collected through face-to-face interviews with...

Introduction Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a known effective and safe treatment for children and young people with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Adherence can be challenging and poor adherence risks undertreatment of SDB. While the risk factors for non-adherence have been widely reported, very few interventions have been tested in any capac...

Polysomnography, the gold standard diagnostic tool in sleep medicine, is performed in an artificial environment. This might alter sleep and may not accurately reflect typical sleep patterns. While macro-structures are sensitive to environmental effects, micro-structures remain more stable. In this study we applied semi-automated algorithms to captu...

Mendelian randomization (MR) has become an influential method for elucidating causal links between sleep traits and disorders, and health outcomes. This article provides sleep medicine specialists with an overview of MR, emphasizing its applications and limitations in health research, particularly in the context of sleep research. The article addre...

The Asian Adult Sleep Medicine Fellowship Training Curriculum (1st Edition, 2024) represents a comprehensive educational framework developed by the Asian Society of Sleep Medicine (ASSM) under the principle of "One Curriculum, Many Contexts." This curriculum provides a standardized yet adaptable approach to sleep medicine training across Asia, offe...

It is an honor to write this tribute to Dr. Paul Christian Pacquing, though I never imagined doing this for him. Given this opportunity to pay my last respects to a dear friend and colleague, I will try my best to recount and share the last 11 years of his life with you. Pax played a myriad of roles. He was a husband, a father, a son, a friend and...

Breast cancer belongs to the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, with its increasing incidence paralleled by advances in early diagnostics and effective treatments resulting in significantly improved survival rates. However, breast cancer survivors often experience significantly reduced quality of life linked to the long-term health bur...

Introduction Sleep-disordered breathing affects 1.6 million people in the UK. The recognised treatment is positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, delivered via a generic conventional interface (mask). PAP therapy improves morbidity, mortality and quality of life, but treatment effectiveness depends on interface fit and tolerance. Interface side eff...

Sleep-related breathing disorders, primarily obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), have a major impact on the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness, sleepiness behind the wheel, and on the occurrence of traffic accidents. It is estimated that almost one billion people worldwide have OSA, while 425 million people suffer from a moderate and severe form...

Background/Objectives: Orthosomnia has become a concern in the field of sleep medicine. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of orthosomnia in the general population. Methods: We collected data from 523 participants via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire, a...

Charles Fisher is a pioneering historical figure in sleep laboratory research and sleep medicine who distinguished himself in nine areas: (1) he first documented nocturnal sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep periods in narcoleptic patients; (2) he published the first case of polysomnography (PSG) documented acute REM sleep behavior disorder...

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and myopia among primary school students in minority regions of Southwest China. Methods The school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to January 2021. All participants underwent a comprehensive ocular examination and completed a questionnaire on demographic...

Study Objectives: To develop a comprehensive Asian Adult Sleep Medicine Fellowship Training Curriculum to address the significant disparities in sleep medicine training across Asia, guided by the principle of "One Curriculum, Many Contexts," providing a standardized yet adaptable framework for sleep medicine education across the diverse healthcare...

Background Poor sleep quality is increasingly considered to be an underlying cause of cerebrovascular diseases. This is a slowly progressing condition that gradually leads to vascular cognitive impairment and stroke during ageing. At present, randomized clinical trials examining the non-pharmacological therapies in the management of this comorbidit...

Objectives Sleep quality is a critical concern among healthcare professionals, yet the role of uncertainty stress has been inadequately explored. This study aims to explore the associations between sleep quality and uncertainty stress among healthcare professionals working in Chinese hospitals. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Data were col...

The global burden of respiratory diseases, particularly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), continues unabated. Suboptimal management places a significant strain on both patients and urgent or emergency care services. With an ageing population in many countries, the demand for these services is set to increase further. At the s...

Background From a healthcare professional's perspective, the use of ChatGPT (Open AI), a large language model (LLM), offers huge potential as a practical and economic digital assistant. However, ChatGPT has not yet been evaluated for the interpretation of polysomnographic results in patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Aims/objec...

Purpose of Review This review examines the integration of sleep medicine as an inpatient service for managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in hospitalized patients. It aims to assess the clinical benefits, economic implications, and operational challenges of introducing specialized sleep medicine programs within hospital settings. Recent Findings...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Epilepsie unterliegt – unter anderem – dem Rhythmus von Tag und Nacht und dem Zyklus der verschiedenen Schlafstadien. Ausprägung und Schweregrad einer Epilepsie werden mit beeinflusst von der Schlafqualität und -kontinuität des Patienten. Zielsetzung Es wird ein Überblick über die Interaktion von Schlaf und Epilepsie u...

In sleep medicine, assessing the evolution of a subject’s sleep often involves the costly manual scoring of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. In recent years, a number of Deep Learning approaches have been proposed to automate this process, mainly by extracting features from said signals. However, despite some promising developments in related...

Circadian variation in cardiovascular and metabolic dynamics arises from interactions between intrinsic rhythms and extrinsic cues. By anticipating and accommodating adaptation to awakening and activity, their synthesis maintains homeostasis and maximizes efficiency, flexibility, and resilience. The dyssynchrony of cardiovascular load and energetic...

Purpose of Review Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a frequent comorbidity in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This narrative review critically examines current evidence on the relationship between OSA and AD, discussing their shared pathogenic mechanisms. Furthermore, the review focuses on the rationale, effectiveness, and feasibility of Con...

Introduction Research has provided novel insights into how light stimulates circadian rhythms through specialised retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In addition, there has been a revolution in light-emitting diode (LED) technology, leading to tunable LED light sources and lighting systems, enabling 24-hour dynamic light scenario...

Introduction Paradoxical intention (PI) is an insomnia treatment developed in the 1970s, which instructs patients to gently attempt to remain awake while in bed at night with the lights off. Previous research indicates PI’s potential in improving insomnia, although no study has been conducted in the last few decades during which the insomnia diagno...

Insomnia is a common health problem that interferes with quality of life. This study examines the potential of a combination of herbal ingredients in overcoming insomnia, including Valerianae Radix, Myristicae Semen, Eleuthroginseng Radix, and Polygalae Radix. Each ingredient has active components that contribute to its pharmacological effects. The...

Background and Objectives: Sex differences are unclear in geriatric sleep medicine, and most evidence comes from inference from preclinical bases or clinical studies conducted on younger people. The aim of this study is to explore sex differences in sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a cohort of elderly people. Materials and Methods: This cros...

Objective: The present study aims to explore the relationship between primary headache types and bruxism and determine how these two conditions may affect each other. Material and Methods: A total of 97 cases who applied to the Neurology Polyclinic of our hospital during 01.07.2023-01.08.2023 were included in the study. A comprehensive questionnair...

Purpose Diagnosing and treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) requires fundamental understanding of sleep medicine, including training and clinical experience. So far, dental sleep medicine (DSM) has not yet become a mandatory part of dental education in Germany. This questionnaire-based survey for both lecturers and students aimed to evaluate DSM...

We appreciate the careful examination of sleep-wake symptoms in our paper (Forbes et al., 2023) by Martin et al. (2024). The authors highlight a number of important points of difference in which symptoms were “lumped” versus “split” in our output compared to the results in Gauld et al. (2021a)—an earlier study that aimed to inventory all of the dif...

Aim To construct an evaluation index system for the core competence of nurses in sleep medicine specialties. Background Specialized nurses in sleep medicine must handle treatment, nursing, and management well, which requires nurses to have excellent competence in knowledge, skills, and ability. However, a competency evaluation system for sleep med...

Background Previous research has suggested that alternative (respiratory) care providers (ACP) may provide affordable, accessible care for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that decreases wait-times and improves clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to compare ACP-led and sleep physician-led care for SDB on patient reported outcome and...

Commentary of ‘Elemental psychopathology: distilling constituent symptoms and patterns of repetition in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5’ Vincent P. Martin 1, Régis Lopez 2,3, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi 4,5, Christophe Gauld 4,6,*

Insomnia is prevalent in primary care and associated with co-morbid physical and mental health conditions and poor health outcomes. While there are effective treatments for insomnia in specialty mental health care, many patients have difficulty accessing these interventions. To begin, patients do not always report their sleep challenges to physicia...

Introduction: Accurately detecting arousal events during sleep is essential for evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. While the American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines associate arousal events with electroencephalogram (EEG) signal variations, EEGs are often not recorded during home sl...

Objective Depression is a common psychiatric issue among patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Effective management requires accurate screening and prediction of depression in NT1 patients. This study aims to identify relevant factors for predicting depression in Chinese NT1 patients using machine learning (ML) approaches. Methods A total of 203...

Background Accreditation has been implemented in general practice in many countries as a tool for quality improvement. Evidence of the effects of accreditation is, however, lacking. Aim To investigate the clinical effects of accreditation in general practice. Design and setting A mandatory national accreditation programme in Danish general practi...

Sleep is a complex biological process regulated by networks of neurons and environmental factors. As one falls asleep, neurotransmitters from sleep-wake regulating neurones work in synergy to control the switching of different sleep states throughout the night. As sleep disorders or underlying neuropathology can manifest as irregular switching, ana...

Objectives To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample. Method A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two...

Veteran access to sleep medicine is of paramount importance to the Veterans Health Administration (VA). To increase access, VA has created community referral policies and programs, as well as telehealth programs. In 2017, the Office of Rural Health (ORH) funded a TeleSleep initiative focused on reaching rural Veterans with unmet sleep needs. ORH pr...

Objective To understand the current status of occupational stress, occupational burn-out and sleep quality among ambulance drivers in Hengyang, China and to analyse the relationship between occupational stress, occupational burn-out and sleep quality of ambulance drivers. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Prehospital emergency centre of thi...

Background The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been explored in various studies, revealing inconsistent correlations that impact therapeutic effectiveness. This heterogeneity in findings requires further exploration to understand what may be driving this. Therefore, this study focuses on sys...

Background: All preterm neonates’ sleep is disturbed during hospitalization period due to various stressful environmental factors and human error and without focusing in individual developmental care. This impacts neonatal neurological development as well as normal growth resulting lifelong disabilities. Thus, modification of the environment by int...

Overnight sleep staging is an important part of the diagnosis of various sleep disorders. Polysomnography is the gold standard for sleep staging, but less-obtrusive sensing modalities are of emerging interest. Here, we developed and validated an algorithm to perform “proxy” sleep staging using cardiac and respiratory signals derived from a chest-wo...

Objectives This study explored the mechanisms by which physical activity was associated with depressive symptoms in multi-ethnic (Han, Yi and Tibetan) adolescents in southwest China. The mediating role of insomnia in the association of physical activity with depressive symptoms, the moderating role of resilience in this mediation model and the mode...

Sleep apnea, a common yet serious sleep disorder, leads to repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep, causing reduced oxygen intake and significant sleep disruption. Traditional treatments such as Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) devices, oral appliances, and surgical interventions are well-established; however, pharmacological treatments...

Insomnia is a pervasive and often debilitating sleep disorder that profoundly affects health and overall wellbeing. This comprehensive review focuses on the historical context, clinical significance, diagnostic criteria, investigative methods, and global treatment guidelines for insomnia. Historically, references to insomnia have appeared in ancien...

Psychological conditions such as stress, anxiety, and depression can trigger sleep bruxism, a parafunctional activity. Dental students are one group that may experience psychological difficulties. Study workloads for dental students can cause stress and lead to sleep bruxism. This research aimed to identify the incidence of sleep bruxism among dent...

Background: Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are considered a primary alternative treatment for adults with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who are unable to tolerate or do not respond to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, supported by substantial scientific evidence. While a range of designs and materials for...

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common organic sleep disorder. Nocturnal positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the first-line treatment, although positive effects can only be expected with regular and long-term use. In view of the increasing OSA prevalence, interface problems in existing care are becoming apparent, leading...

It is estimated that 45% of individuals with cognitive impairment experience sleep disturbances prior to the onset of cognitive symptoms. Assessing sleeping problems and enhancing sleep quality are critical first steps to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. Objective To review existing literature based on predefined eligibility criteria to un...

Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and mean heart rate during sleep were found to be risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and a variety of methods have been applied to predict the occurrence of OSA. This study aimed to develop and evaluate OSA prediction models using simple and accessible parameters, combined with multiple machine learn...

Rationale Following marked reductions in sleep medicine care early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited information about the recovery of these services. We explored long-term trends in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) health services and service backlogs during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic levels in Ontario (the most populous provin...

Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing condition linked to the accelerated onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the prevalence of undiagnosed MCI among OSA patients is high and attributable to the complexity and specialized nature of MCI diagnosis. Timely identification and intervention for MCI...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widespread neurodevelopmental disorder. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents is primarily centred on daytime functioning and the associated impairment of academic performance, although disrupted and restless sleep have been frequently reported in individuals...

Background Appropriately defining and using the minimal important change (MIC) and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) are crucial for determining whether the results are clinically significant. The aim of this study is to survey the status of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for insomnia interventions to assess the inclusion and...

Objectives The study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to assess the confounding effect of body mass index (BMI) on this relationship. Design This was a cross-sectional analysis using data from the 2007–08 National Health and Nutrition Examination...

Background Assessments of gaze direction (eye movements), pupil size, and the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are critical for neurological examination and neuroscience research and constitute a powerful tool in diverse clinical settings ranging from critical care through endocrinology and drug addiction to cardiology and psychiatry. However, current...

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often leads to complications in the elderly. This study compares the usefulness of five screening tools for OSA in elderly patients. Method Data from elderly patients diagnosed with OSA, collected from the Sleep Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 20...

Background Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. It has been increasingly diagnosed over the years, impacting productivity and employment rates. Awareness of healthcare providers is crucial for the early identification and management of this condition. Objectives This study asses...

We present a new approach to classifying the sleep stage that incorporates a computationally inexpensive method based on permutations for channel selection and takes advantage of deep learning power, specifically the gated recurrent unit (GRU) model, along with other deep learning methods. By systematically permuting the electroencephalographic (EE...

Assessing sleep posture, a critical component in sleep tests, is crucial for understanding an individual’s sleep quality and identifying potential sleep disorders. However, monitoring sleep posture has traditionally posed significant challenges due to factors such as low light conditions and obstructions like blankets. The use of radar technolsogy...

Purpose Clinical management decisions often rely on a patient’s SpO2 level and desaturation rate. Limitations include that measurements depend on the averaging time (AVT) used, which is particularly relevant to sleep medicine, but has yet received little attention. Methods Cross-sectional review of studies reporting pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2...

Introduction Insomnia is prevalent among patients visiting physiotherapists due to musculoskeletal complaints and associated with poorer pain prognosis. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) may be effective for improving sleep quality and pain-related outcomes in these patients, but its availability and utility are limited in daily ph...

Influencing daily functioning, mental well-being, and overall quality of life, sleep quality is crucial to human physiology. Medical students, facing intense academic demands, often grapple with sleep disturbances, impairing their performance. This study at the University of Lusaka delves into the relationship between sleep hygiene, quality of life...

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the indications and outcomes of Home Sleep Testing (HST) for patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), aligning with guidelines set forth by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the European Sleep Research Society. Specifically, we aimed to audit whether validated type 3 polygraphy could ef...