Silica Gel - Science topic

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are a broad class of substances with great economic importance. They can accumulate in the environment and become persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Two major substance classes are the 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Because of their known toxicity and potential a...

The field of liquid phase catalysis has explored the replacement of traditional solvents with ionic liquids, as well as the use of ionic liquids as catalyst. Herein, a novel silica-supported Fe-based Brønsted-Lewis functionalized ionic liquid (BLsIL-Fe) was synthesized and used as a catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO 2 to propylene oxide, yieldin...

Terminalia brownii is a deciduous tree characterized by spirally arranged leaves concentrated at the ends of its branches. The plant is widely distributed in Northern Nigeria and other part of Africa, including Congo, Kenya, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. Traditionally, it is used for treating various conditions such as gastric ulcers, epilepsy, co...

Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) systems address renewable energy intermittency with high energy density and negligible heat loss. CaCl2, known for its high reaction enthalpy and cost-effectiveness, faces challenges such as deliquescence and poor mass transfer. Incorporating porous host materials mitigates these issues. This study examines the...

Citation: Suarez-Padrón, I.E.; Pompelli, M.F.; Carlucci, C.; Perneth-Montaño, M.J.; Ruiz, A.J.B.; Seleiman, M.F.; Alotaibi, M.; Almutairi, K.F.; Oviedo Zumaque, L.E.; Pineda-Rodríguez, Y.Y.; et al. Jatropha curcas Seed Germination: Effect of Seed Imbibition, Aging, Storage, and Salinity. Horticulturae 2025, 11, 258. Abstract: Renewable energy sourc...

Citation: Suarez-Padrón, I.E.; Pompelli, M.F.; Carlucci, C.; Perneth-Montaño, M.J.; Ruiz, A.J.B.; Seleiman, M.F.; Alotaibi, M.; Almutairi, K.F.; Oviedo Zumaque, L.E.; Pineda-Rodríguez, Y.Y.; et al. Jatropha curcas Seed Germination: Effect of Seed Imbibition, Aging, Storage, and Salinity. Horticulturae 2025, 11, 258. Abstract: Renewable energy sourc...

Background: The present study aims to extract the bioactive phyto-components from the hydroalcoholic extract of Callicarpa longifolia. The study also aims to isolate and characterize the phytochemicals through quantitative and qualitative measures. Methodology: The mixture of Toluene, Ethyl Acetate, and Acetic Acid (8:4:0.4) was used as a solvent s...

En este trabajo estudiamos la adsorción de la droga paracetamol en medios ácido, neutro y básico, en un adsorbente comercial de sílica gel. Se obtienen las isotermas de equilibrio para el paracetamol y se discuten los resultados en relación con las propiedades fisicoquímicas del adsorbente y con las propiedades de la solución, como el pH y la fuerz...

The synthesis route and matrix material source play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and bioactivity of a composite. This study focuses on synthesizing a PANI/Silica-Coated Magnetite composite with variations in synthesis methods and silica sources. The in situ method involves polymerizing polyaniline within a silica gel containing...

This paper focuses on the alkaline activation of municipal waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash to create a dense, non-porous composite structure. Normally, high pH solutions are used to activate MSWI bottom ash, but this has the side effect of creating residual effects in the bottom ash. Due to the uniqueness of the incineration process, the botto...

The abundance and distribution of identified mosquito genera in Ifedore Local Government Area of Ondo State, were studied. Mosquito species were sampled from 3sites per settlement using 200 ml plastic dippers (maximum of 10 dips per site) and collection containers. The habitats sampled included containers, stagnant pools, domestic run-offs, foot an...

A new Zn(ii) coordination compound, [Zn(HL)(OAc)2] (1), with ONN-donor hydrazone ligand (HL = (E)-4-amino-N′-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide) was synthesized and structurally characterized by using spectroscopic techniques and X-ray analysis. These analyses indicated that the Zn(ii) ion in the resulting coordination compound is five coor...

Maternal melatonin (MT) readily crosses the placental barrier to enter the fetal circulation, and it holds the potential to enhance hair follicle (HF) development, possibly augmented through nutritional interventions during pregnancy. However, the specific impact of maternal MT treatment on fetal HF development remains largely unexplored. In this s...

This study aims to assess the stability of silica gel/polymer composites designed for open-cycle air dehumidification, humidification, and heat storage by employing a comprehensive set of characterization methods. To evaluate their resistance to various environmental factors, the materials were subjected to a series of aging treatments: (i) repeate...

Cichorium intybus , commonly known as chicory, is a widespread plant, valued for its medicinal properties and use as a coffee substitute, chicoric acid being one of its key constituents. This study investigates the variation in chicoric acid content across different parts of the chicory plant-flowers, leaves, root and aerial parts. Three extraction...

In this study, we introduce a chelation‐free approach to the dual‐functional detection and removal of Hg²⁺ ions using two novel silica‐based materials, AnSiO2 and PySiO2, functionalized with anthracene and pyrene, respectively. These materials were synthesized via a two‐step process involving the direct condensation of triethoxyvinylsilane onto sil...

A novel extraction method based on solid-to-solid interactions has been developed to investigate the acquisition of contaminants from butyl rubber materials, with potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The extraction medium used is silica gel—a cost-effective, non-toxic, heat-resistant, and chemically inert material that is easy to...

To address the critical challenges of low success rates and high seedling damage in automatic transplanters for vegetable substrate block seedlings, this study took cabbage substrate block seedlings as the research object and designed a silica gel wheel–synchronous belt clamping seedling separation device. An experimental platform was constructed t...

Parabens are naturally occurring phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits such as blueberries and are valued for their antimicrobial and preservative properties. This study aims to extract parabens from blueberries and purify them using column chromatography. The extraction was carried out using a methanol-water solvent system (80:20 v/v) to max...

The plant known as Portulaca grandiflora L belongs to the family of flowering plants known as (Portulacaceae). It is a resilient plant that grows well in harsh environments and serves as a traditional remedy in various nations. Eleven O'clock, Moss-rose, Sunplant, gaddi roja, and Neelakeera are just a few of the popular names that are used to refer...

This work investigates the potential of a sorption-based thermal energy storage (TES) system for enhancing the integration of renewable energy and waste heat recovery in key sectors—industry, transport, and buildings. Sorption-based TES systems, which utilize reversible sorbent–sorbate reactions to store and release thermal energy, offer long-term...

Glycerol is a biogenic waste that is generated in both the biodiesel and oleo-chemical industries. The value addition of surplus glycerol is of utmost importance for making these industries economically profitable. In line with this, glycerol is converted into glycerol carbonate, a potential candidate for the industrial production of polymers and b...

Key message Seed morphological traits and antioxidant defense mechanisms determine desiccation sensitivity differences between Quercus species, enabling development of species-specific seed storage protocols. Abstract Despite extensive research on the desiccation sensitivity of Quercus seeds, the factors and physiological mechanisms driving inters...

Silicon carbide is a compound that is usually synthesized by sintering silicon dioxide and carbon in an arc furnace at high temperatures. This method requires sophisticated technology and equipment, which restricts the widespread application of silicon carbide. As a result, researchers have turned to biomass materials for its synthesis, with rice h...

The recovery of precious metals from secondary sources is becoming increasingly important due to their natural scarcity and rising industrial demand. This study introduces a novel adsorbent, N-triethoxysilylpropyl-N′-benzoylthiourea-modified silica gel (TESP-BT-SG), developed for the selective recovery of platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) from aqueo...

Many linear diarylpentanoids and diarylheptanoids contain a β-hydroxy ketone or 1,3-diol functionality as the structural motif. Reported herein is the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-daphneolone, (S)-dihydroyashabushiketol, and formal synthesis of (3S,5S)-yashabushidiol B as represented examples, employing readily accessible (3S)-hydroxy-5-phenylpentan...

The synthesis of mesoporous carbon was successfully performed through solid–solid phase reaction employing banana peel powder as the carbon source and silica gel 60 (SG-60) as the hard template. The synthesis was initiated by hydrothermal heating to introduce the banana powder to SG-60 surface, followed by the carbonization process to form the meso...

Purification and characterization of milk oligosaccharides is a challenging process due tothe complexity of the constituent oligosaccharides, which behave differently under various chemicaltreatment procedures and often lose their structural properties in the process. Rathi cow’s milk iswidely used in the Rajasthan region of India for its nutrition...

Background Cotinus coggygria has a long history of use in traditional medicine in Europe and Asia. The aim of study was to explore the cytotoxicity of extracts (EE-ethanol, MME-methylene chloride/methanol, and WE-water) and compounds (butin, butein, fisetin, sulfuretin, taxifolin, eriodictyol, fustin, cotinignan A, sulfuretin auronol, 3-O-methylepi...

Drying agricultural products has become an essential technique for preservation, but current drying methods often prove to be energy-intensive, costly, and unsuitable for the needs of local small and medium-sized enterprises (PME/PMI). In this study a hybrid solar dryer has been designed Original Research Article Tossa et al.; Curr. 70 specifically...

Calcium-silicate-based ceramic composites with different CaO/SiO2 weight ratios (10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10) have been prepared from chicken eggshells and silica gel using attrition milling for 3 h in wet conditions and conventional pressing–heat treatment in the air at 800 °C for 1 h. The effect of the CaO/Si...

Background: Microgreens, the early developmental stage of edible plants, have gained prominence for their dense nutrient composition. Yet the variations in quercetin content among different microgreen species remain insufficiently explored. Aim: The aim of this research was to use HPTLC to compare the quercetin content of commercial flax, chia, and...

The study of microbial communities of the plant phyllosphere in remote locations using DNA-based approaches is limited by the challenges associated with their preservation in the field and during transportation. Freezing is a common DNA preservation strategy, but it may be unsuitable for leaf samples, or inaccessible in some locations. Other method...

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol (APAP), is a highly utilized pharmaceutical agent on a global scale, particularly in the field of pediatrics. Regrettably, an overdose of APAP, resulting from the predominant oxidation, has the potential to trigger acute liver injury. The study’s goal was to find an easy, accurate, and selective way to measu...

The acid neutralization process is widely recognized for its effectiveness in the dealkalization of red mud, and it faces challenges in solid–liquid separation due to the formation of numerous colloidal components. This study investigated the impact of calcium-containing compounds (CaO, CaCl2, CaCO3, and CaSO4) on the solid–liquid separation and th...

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extracts of Duranta repens. Methods: Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions from the methanol crude extract of Duranta repens leaves were obtained using gradient mixture elution in bioactivity-guided silica gel column chromatography. A mixture of spectrochemical, infrared (IR...

Oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a valuable crop characterized by a high content of fats, dietary fiber, protein and various biologically active substances, in particular cyclopeptides. Cyclic peptides are a group of cyclic hydrophobic peptides consisting of eight to ten amino acids with a molecular weight in the range of 950–2300 Da. Flax...

Objective: The seeds of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., a by-product of the Chinese medicine industry, have been firstly reported in our previous work to contain abundant 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose (TgG). TgG is a polyol ester formed by a β-D-glucose that constitutes its core and four gallic acids. It is known to possess several pharmaceutical...

Sterols and triterpene alcohols exist in free and esterified forms in edible oils. To date, only few studies have determined the content of free or esterified sterols and triterpene alcohols using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC–FID). In this study, analytical conditions were optimized using free and esterified sterol standards. T...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant greenhouse gas. This causes harm to the environment and to humans. In 2023, atmospheric CO2 levels rose to 420 ppm, marking a new record high. Therefore, technology for capturing CO2 has been developed. At present, a wide variety of technologies have been proposed to capture CO2. Adsorption technology is more a...

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and glyceroglycolipids have promising applications in various fields, but limited research exists on their simultaneous extraction from macroalgae. This study optimized the key parameters (liquid–solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time) in the extraction of MAAs and glyceroglycolipids from Eckloni...

This study successfully synthesized a hybrid catalyst CaO-silica gel from environmentally friendly raw materials, CaO derived from blood clam shells and silica gel obtained from coconut fiber waste ash. The catalytic activity was evaluated in the synthesis of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO). The CaO-Silica gel catalyst was synthesized by the we...

Background Cutaneous hypertrophic scar is a fibro-proliferative hard-curing disease. Recent studies have proved that antagonists of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT 1 R) and agonists of type 2 receptor (AT 2 R) were able to relieve hypertrophic scar. Therefore, establishing new methods to pursue dual-target lead compounds from Chinese herbs is in...

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential to revolutionize heat exchanger performance, thanks to their high surface area, tunable porosity, and exceptional adsorption capabilities. This review focuses on the integration of MOFs into heat exchangers to enhance heat transfer efficiency, im...

By a simple condensation reaction, the receptor with anthraquinone moiety was synthesized and its sensing properties were explored in the anion sensing studies via colorimetric, UV–vis studies, fluorescence studies, and DFT calculations. The synthesized receptor senses both acetate and hypochlorite ions in DMSO medium. By the addition of all anions...

Introduction Black rice ( Oryza sativa L.) has gained prominence as a functional food because of its rich content of anthocyanins and polyphenols, offering potential health benefits. However, comprehensive research addressing the diverse anthocyanin compositions in black rice cultivars remains limited. Objective This study aimed to quantify anthoc...

Natural hydration shells are discovered to play an essential role in the structure and function of biomolecules (deoxyribonucleic acid, protein and phospholipid membrane). Hydration layers are also important to the structure and property of artificial graphene-based materials. Our recent researches prove that graphene-based hydrogels are supramolec...

Ciprofloxacin is a versatile antibiotic that fights a wide range of bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. This study looked at the quality and consistency of several 500 mg ciprofloxacin tablet brands available in local pharmacies in Tigray. To check weight uniformity, we weighed twenty tablets from each brand. We tested how quickly the t...

This work presents the development of a rhodamine-based colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent chemosensor (P1) designed for selective recognition of Ni²⁺ ions. Chemosensor P1 exhibited remarkable sensitivity and selectivity for Ni²⁺ ions, exhibiting clear colorimetric and fluorescence responses. The binding interactions were meticulously examined us...

Crafting an efficient strategy for the synthesis of biologically active and functionally rich hexahydrofuranocarbazole is a highly desirable but demanding pursuit. This research elucidates a groundbreaking strategy involving an unanticipated defluorinative hydroxylation reaction facilitated by silica gel, yielding highly enantio‐ and diastereoselec...

The tri-stable vibrational energy harvester (VEH) is commonly designed to achieve the large-orbit motion, but it is always trapped in one potential well and performs an intra-well motion under weak vibration excitations. To solve this problem, a tri-stable piezoelectric VEH with stops is proposed in this paper. The analytic expressions of the first...

A novel sol-gel strategy for the preparation of silica nanocomposites, containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au(I)-thiolate complexes (Au-SC12) or both disperse phases is demonstrated. The color of the species depends on the size and surrounding of the AuNPs. The nanocomposites obtained are characterized with UV/Vis reflectance spectroscopy, X-Ray...

We report on compact, gaseous 3He NMR probes for precision magnetometry of magnetic fields B > 0.1 T in the temperature range from ambient temperatures down to 4 Kelvin. The gas is polarized at thermal equilibrium under pressures up to 100 bar to provide a high nuclear spin density. In order to achieve sensor readout rates of order (Hz), paramagnet...

Indonesia has a variety of plants that are useful as medicine. One is the Tea Mistletoe plant (Scurrula oortiana Dans.). This plant contains flavonoid compounds that are effective as antioxidants, especially in the form of quercetin. Quercetin in the tea mistletoe plant can prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, where cells need this antioxid...

Objectives This study focused on the phytochemical, insecticidal, and bactericidal activities of Cassia nigricans Vahl, as well as molecular docking analysis of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor as a promising natural insecticide. Materials and Methods The leaves of C. nigricans were successively extracted with n-hexane, acetone, and methan...

Zingiberaceae family is highly significant, particularly in the food and medicinal sectors. Some of them are characterized by yellow-orange to pale yellow color due to their curcuminoid (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) content leading to misidentification. Such misidentifications can result in reduced efficacy, compromised sa...

Introduction Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) Rech.f. is used in traditional medicine for various purposes. Previous phytochemical studies focused on phenolic compounds, but triterpenoids were almost overlooked. Objective The study focused on the isolation of compounds with dual antidiabetic activity from the aerial parts of Z. clin...

Background Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is a biochromatography with a dual function of recognition and separation, offering a distinct advantage in screening bioactive compounds from Chinese medicines (CMs). Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YD), a CM formulation, has been widely utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, a c...

This work aimed to extract silica from combination of rice husk (RH and Rice straw (RS) by optimizing the ash digesting process parameters with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of three independent ash digestion process factors like sodium hydroxide concentration (1–3 M), temperature (60–120 °C) and time (1–3 h), for silic...

The process of drying is highly effective in preserving food, and solar food dryers are a suitable technological solution for food preservation in a sustainable global context. Despite being one of the earliest agricultural techniques employed for food preservation, sun food drying still faces significant challenges resulting in substantial economi...

This research involves a numerical analysis focused on examining how the initial moisture content and equilibrium moisture content affect a Regular Density (RD) silica gel-packed bed, in terms of the composite mass and heat transfer dynamics during the adsorption and desorption processes. The detailed interaction between the air and the desiccant m...

Introduction: Phoenix Sylvestris (L.) Roxb also known as date palm or Indian sugar palm, belongs to the Arecaceae family. In our present study, we used the fruit part (epicarp, endocarp). The fruit is very delicious in taste worldwide. It's flavonoid part is reported with quercetin but its quantification has not yet been reported. Aim: The study ai...

PLTD (Pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel) merupakan penyumbang emisi tinggi yang berkontribusi pada polusi udara. Perancangan silica gel filter untuk mereduksi emisi, berbasis adsrorpsi pada parameter SO₂, NOₓ, NO₂, CO₂, dan CO diharapkan membantu menekan polusi udara, meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan, dan memenuhi regulasi pemerintah. Untuk itu dila...

The objects of the study are sorption materials based on commercial silica gel and nickel (II) oxide with different mass ratios of NiO to SiO2: 1:1 and 0.5:1. To obtain such materials, expensive reagents and complex synthesis schemes are not required. In addition, they are distinguished by chemical stability, controlled morphology and have a signif...

Waste generated during asbestos manufacturing contains substantial quantities of iron, nickel, magnesium, and silicon. The existing techniques for processing chrysotile-asbestos waste (CAW) cannot fully recover these elements. Therefore this paper presents a hydrometallurgical method for processing the CAW of the Zhitikara deposit in the Kostanay r...

The use of traditional medicine by a relatively high population, provides an opportunity for manufacturers to undertake counterfeiting of conventional medicine. The purpose of this research is to identify the presence of the Medicinal Chemical Substance (BKO) sodium diclofenac in rheumatic herbs in the city of Wonosobo so that it can be a reference...

Chemical Drug Substances (BKO) are added to herbal medicines by BPOM because it can cause dangerous side effects. The purpose of this study is to quantify the amounts of dexamethasone and paracetamol in herbal remedies for aches and pains. In Lamongan District, Lamongan Regency, four samples of herbal remedies for aches and pains were employed in t...

The main objective of this study is to reduce CO2 emissions resulting from rapidly increasing cement production and utilization rates worldwide. For this purpose, the effects of NS (nano-silica) and SF (silica fume) materials, which are the post-production wastes of industrial products, the substitute material obtained by grinding SG (silica gel) w...

A field experiment was conducted at Rice Research Station, Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, Chinsurah, Hooghly during three consecutive Kharif seasons to evaluate the effect of exogenously applied silicon on the infestation of rice insect-pests and yield of rice. Rice is most important staple food in West Bengal and in India. H...

Si fertilizer was never used in rice cultivation by farmers in Indonesia. To evaluate the effect of Si application on blast disease, plant morphologies, and stomata formation on rice plant, a field experiment was conducted in West Java, Indonesia. Two treatments, Si+ (with 1000 kg ha-1 of silica gel) and Si- (without Si application) were set in a r...

Rice cultivation in our study site at Central Java, Indonesia, is constrained by water scarcity and blast disease problems. A field experiment was thus conducted to evaluate the effect of water management and silicon (Si) application (with 500 kg ha-1 of silica gel) on improving rice growth and productivity and blast disease infection in Jakenan, C...

Five inorganic materials (steel slag, silica gel, electric furnace slag, fly ash and Japanese silica fertilizer) and six organic materials (rice husk-biochar, rice straw compost, media of mushroom, cacao shell-biochar, rice husk-ash and elephant grass), were evaluated as Si fertilizer sources for rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) in two soil types (red...

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate different oven drying methods for obtaining better quality dried flowers of four Dutch rose cultivars viz., Skyline, Lambada, Ravel’ and First Red. Flowers dried at 40°C in hot air oven with silica gel were more acceptable for colour (3.48), appearance (3.50) and texture (3.23). Flowers dried by n...

Este protocolo descreve o procedimento para fracionamento de misturas complexas utilizando o método Wide-Range-Polarity (WRP) no sistema Isolera-Biotage. Esse método emprega um gradiente de eluição controlado para separar compostos com ampla variação de polaridade, como metabólitos secundários de extratos naturais. O método é aplicável para colunas...

Adsorption cooling is a promising area in the field of modern cooling technologies. The research presented in the article is aimed at studying adsorption cooling in order to provide moderate cold for indoor air conditioning, as well as at developing a scientific basis for experimental testing of a refrigeration unit. The paper describes in detail t...

Este protocolo descreve o procedimento para fracionamento de misturas complexas utilizando o método Wide-Range-Polarity (WRP) no sistema Isolera-Biotage. Esse método emprega um gradiente de eluição controlado para separar compostos com ampla variação de polaridade, como metabólitos secundários de extratos naturais. O método é aplicável para colunas...

This research aims to evaluate the influence of acid catalysts HCl and H2SO4, on the adsorption efficiency of Fe (Iron) using silica extracted from rice husk ash. The synthesis process employs the sol-gel method, including the initial treatment of rice husk ash, sodium silicate extraction, and the formation of silica gel with acid catalysts. The re...

The present study investigates the cryopreservation of embryonic axes from the peanut genotype ECU-12466, demonstrating a successful protocol involving a 1 h desiccation on silica gel followed by a 1 h cryoprotection with Plant Vitrificatin Solution 2 (PVS2). The average dimensions of the excised embryonic axes were 5.6 mm in length and 3.5 mm in w...

Rice husks are an important by-product of rice milling process and are major waste product of the agricultural industry. Rice husk contain nearly 20 mass% silica, which is present in hydrated amorphous form. They have now become a great source as a raw biomass material for manufacturing of value-added silicon composite products, including silicon c...

Objective: The chemical composition of Nauclea officinalis leaves is analyzed to offer a theoretical base for itsapplication. Method: Separate Nauclea officinalis leaves by solvent extraction and silica gel column, and characterizethe product structure through analysis on physical properties and spectrum. Results and conclusions: 7 compounds havebe...

Cobalt pentacyanonitrosylferrate on the aminopropylsilica silica gel surface (SiCoNP) was previously prepared following two steps. The electrochemical behavior of SiCoNP modified electrode showed two redox couples, the first and second redox couples were observed at anodic potential (Epa)1 = 0.36 and 0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl attributed to the oxidation o...

Inhibitory compound of ?-glucosidase bioactivity was isolated from ethanol extract of the stem bark of raru(Vatica pauciflora Blume) which, is a wild plant that grows in Tapanuli state in Indonesia.The ethanol extract ofthe stem bark of raru was partitioned and was chromatographed on columns with stationare fase silica gel 60mesh F254 (0.063 mm-0.2...