Signal Process - Science topic

Arrhythmia is a fatal cardiac clinical condition that risks the lives of millions every year. It has multiple classes with variable prevalence rates. Some rare arrhythmia classes are equally critical as common ones, yet are very hard to detect due to limited training samples. While several methods accurately detect Arrhythmia's multi-class, minorit...

Cells rely on secreted signaling molecules to coordinate essential biological functions including development, metabolism, and immunity. Unfortunately, such signaling processes remain difficult to measure with sufficient chemical specificity and temporal resolution. To address this need, we have developed an aptamer‐conjugated hydrogel matrix that...

Cells must accurately and quickly detect DNA damage through a set of checkpoint mechanisms that enable repair and control proliferation. Heterogeneous levels of cellular stress and noisy signaling processes can lead to phenotypic variability but little is known about their role in underlying proliferation heterogeneity. Here we study two previously...

The organization and coordination of fish schools provide a valuable model to investigate the genetic architecture of affiliative behaviours and dissect the mechanisms underlying social behaviours and personalities. Here we used replicate guppy selection lines that vary in schooling propensity and combine quantitative genetics with genomic and tran...

Accumulating evidence indicates that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the hippocampus contributes to the development of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). P38MAPK, a point of convergence for different signaling processes involved in inflammation, can be activated by various stresses. This study aims to investigate the role of the P...

Variants in the CTSB gene encoding the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin B (catB) are associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, neither the specific CTSB variants driving these associations nor the functional pathways that link catB to PD pathogenesis have been characterized. CatB activity contributes to lysosomal protein deg...

Ameloblastin (AMBN) is best characterized for its role in dental enamel formation, regulating cell differentiation and mineralization, and cell matrix adhesion. However, AMBN has also been detected in mesenchymal stem cells in addition to bone, blood, and adipose tissue. Using immunofluorescence in a pilot scheme, we identified that AMBN is express...

The analysis of the free vibration in transmission towers is aimed at better evaluating their health status. Due to the non-stationarity of the height of non-uniform wind-induced vibration, there is a sustained forced vibration response in the vibration signal of transmission towers. This will lead to a decrease in the stability of vibration charac...

Editorial on the Research Topic Network of pain signaling: from ion channels to brain The complexity of the percept "pain" is remarkable, even in the context of medical and neuroscientific research. There are many factors, from biological to psychological, involved in the modulation of how a nociceptive signal is processed. Due to this variability,...

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a chronic airway disease that was often indicated by the pathological presentation of narrowed and irreversible airways. However, the molecular mechanisms of BO pathogenesis remain unknown. Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can contribute to inflammatory disorders, their involvement in BO is unclear. Th...

Background: Gastric cancer stands as a primary cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, making the discovery of new therapeutic agents essential for enhancing treatment outcomes. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has demonstrated potential in multiple cancer types due to its anti-cancer characteristics. This rese...

Deep Kalman filters (DKFs) are a class of neural network models that generate Gaussian probability measures from sequential data. Though DKFs are inspired by the Kalman filter, they lack concrete theoretical ties to the stochastic filtering problem, thus limiting their applicability to areas where traditional model-based filters have been used, e.g...

The tachykinin hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is involved in immunological processes, inflammation, and pain. Although the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is described as its main target, several effects are mediated by currently unidentified receptor(s). The role of HK-1 in pain is controversial, depending on the involvement of peripheral and central sensitizati...

Hippocampal neurons exhibit activation of both the conventional transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs) and the non-canonical soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) as sources of cyclic AMP (cAMP). These two cAMP sources play crucial roles in mediating signaling pathways downstream of CRHR1 in neuronal and neuroendocrine contexts. In this study, we investi...

Background The surface electromyography (sEMG) signal presents significant challenges for the dynamic analysis and subsequent examination of muscle movements due to its low signal energy, broad frequency distribution, and inherent noise interference. However, the conventional wavelet threshold filtering techniques for sEMG signals are plagued by th...

Introduction: Maternal diabetes during pregnancy is well known to be associated with a higher risk for structural birth defects in the offspring. Recent searches for underlying mechanisms have largely focused on aberrant processes in the embryo itself, although prior research in rodent models implicated dysfunction also of the visceral yolk sac. Th...

The biological roles of the autofluorescent lysosome-related organelles (gut granules) in the intestinal cells of many nematodes, including Caenorhabditis elegan s, have been shown to play an important role in metabolic and signaling processes, but they have not been fully characterized. We report here a previously undescribed phenomenon in which t...

Ephrin-B2 (EFNB2) is a ligand for six Eph receptors in humans and functions as a cell entry receptor for several henipaviruses including the Nipah virus (NiV), a pathogenic zoonotic virus with pandemic potential. To understand the sequence basis of promiscuity for EFNB2 binding to the attachment glycoprotein of NiV (NiV-G) and Eph receptors, we per...

Flavonoids are active metabolites of plant cells. The significant biological role of these compounds is evidenced by the nature of their distribution in the plant. Flavonoids play an important role in plant reproduction, development and accumulation of pollen, and their content also determines the color of flowers, fruits, and plant seeds. Most fla...

Thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH) is the key virulence factor secreted by the human gastroenteric bacterial pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. TDH is a membrane‐damaging pore‐forming toxin. It evokes potent cytotoxicity, the mechanism of which still remains under‐explored. Here, we have elucidated the mechanistic details of cell death response el...

Zinc finger-homeodomain (ZHD) proteins are mostly expressed in plants and are involved in proper growth and development and minimizing biotic and abiotic stress. A recent study identified and characterized the ZHD gene family in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) to determine their probable molecular function. ZHD genes with various physicochemical charac...

In this paper, a machine learning (ML) approach to estimate blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmography (PPG) is presented. The final aim of this paper was to develop ML methods for estimating blood pressure (BP) in a non-invasive way that is suitable in a telemedicine health-care monitoring context. The training of regression models useful for...

Dopamine neurotransmission plays critical roles in regulating complex cognitive and behavioral processes including reward, motivation, reinforcement learning, and movement. Dopamine receptors are classified into five subtypes, widely distributed across the brain, including regions responsible for motor functions and specific areas related to cognit...

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetically inherited disorders that affects 1 in 3000 children annually. Clinical manifestations vary widely but nearly always include the development of cutaneous, plexiform and diffuse neurofibromas that are managed over many years. Recent single-cell transcriptomics profiling efforts of n...

FRA1 (FOSL1) is a transcription factor and a member of the activator protein-1 superfamily. FRA1 is expressed in most tissues at low levels, and its expression is robustly induced in response to extracellular signals, leading to downstream cellular processes. However, abnormal FRA1 overexpression has been reported in various pathological states, in...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, accounting for approximately 38.5 million cases of all-cause dementia. Over 60% of these individuals live in low-and middle-income countries and are the worst affected, especially by its deleterious effects on the productivity of both patients and caregivers. Numerous risk factors for th...

The formation and maintenance of the gross structure and microarchitecture of the human skeleton require the concerted functioning of a plethora of morphogenic signaling processes. Through recent discoveries in the field of genetics, numerous genotypic variants have been implicated in pathologic skeletal phenotypes and disorders arising from the di...

A bstract We utilize the lepton number violation signal process p e − → τ ⁺ jjj to search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at future proton-electron colliders. The LHeC (FCC-eh) is considered to run with an electron beam energy of 60 GeV, a proton beam energy of 7 (50) TeV and an integrated luminosity of 1 (3) ab − 1 , and the electron beam is consider...

Optogenetic actuators have revolutionized the resolution at which biological processes can be controlled. In plants, deployment of optogenetics is challenging due to the need for these light-responsive systems to function in the context of horticultural light environments. Furthermore, many available optogenetic actuators are based on plant photore...

Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis and numerous metabolic and signalling processes that enable plant growth and development. Most of the ∼3000 proteins in chloroplasts are nucleus encoded and must be imported from the cytosol. Thus, the protein import machinery of the organelle (the TOC-TIC apparatus) is of fundamental importance for chloroplast b...

Background Black spot disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria spp. is one of the most devastating diseases affecting Chrysanthemum morifolium. There is currently no effective way to prevent chrysanthemum black spot. Results We revealed that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum leaves with the methy jasmonate (MeJA) significantly reduces the...

G protein-coupled receptors are integral membrane proteins in cell signaling processes. Activation of G protein-coupled receptors by specific agonists promotes the activation of different G-proteins, activating different intracellular signaling pathways, including adenylate cyclase activation and intracellular calcium release. One of the G protein-...

Among the most extensively researched processes in the development and treatment of cancer is inflammatory condition. Although acute inflammation is essential for the wound healing and reconstruction of tissues that have been damaged, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of a number of diseases, including cancer. By disruptin...

Uterine environment is tightly and finely regulated via various signalling pathways mediated through endocrine, exocrine, autocrine, juxtracrine and paracrine mechanisms. In utero signalling processes are paramount for normal and abnormal physiology which involves cell to cell, cells to gametes, cells to embryo and even inter-kingdom communications...

In both cancer and infections, diseased cells are presented to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells through an ‘inside out’ signalling process whereby structurally diverse phosphoantigen (pAg) molecules are sensed by the intracellular domain of butyrophilin BTN3A11–4. Here we show how—in both humans and alpaca—multiple pAgs function as ‘molecular glues’ to promote...

The ability for cells to localize and activate peripheral membrane binding proteins is critical for signal transduction. Ubiquitously important in these signaling processes in eukaryotic cells are phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids, which are dynamically phosphorylated by PIP lipid kinases on intracellular membranes. Functioning primarily...

Rho Of Plant (ROP) GTPases function as molecular switches that control signaling processes essential for growth, development, and defense. However, their role in specialized metabolism is poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that inhibition of protein geranylgeranyl transferase (PGGT-I) negatively impacts the biosynthesis of monoterpenoid...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral to the development of complex tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and can execute disparate cellular programs in response to extracellular cues. However, upstream signaling processes underpinning this phenotypic plasticity remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that concordant AXL-STAT3 signaling in TAM...

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous sensors and regulators of cellular functions. Each GPCR exists in complex aggregates with multiple resting and active conformations. Designed to detect weak stimuli, GPCRs can also activate spontaneously, resulting in basal ligand-free signaling. Agonists trigger a cascade of events leading to an a...

Signal transduction, underpinning the function of a variety of biological systems, is inevitably affected by fluctuations. It remains intriguing how the timescale of a signaling network relates to its capability of noise control, specifically, whether long timescale can average out fluctuation or accumulate fluctuation. Here, we consider two noise...

Heparan sulfate (HS) polysaccharides are major constituents of the extracellular matrix, involved in myriad structural and signaling processes. Mature HS polysaccharides contain complex, non-templated patterns of sulfation and epimerization, which mediate interactions with diverse protein partners. Complex HS modifications form around initial clust...

The CD4 gene plays an important role in the immune process by producing CD4 molecules that aid in producing antibodies. IPB-D2 chickens are selected from IPB-D2 chickens based on IgY concentration and ND antibody titer. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the CD4 gene, unravel the mRNA expression of CD4 gene in IPB-D2 chicken related to...

A bstract The QCD-like dark sector with GeV-scale dark hadrons has the potential to generate new signatures at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this paper, we consider a singlet scalar mediator in the tens of GeV-scale that connects the dark sector and the Standard Model (SM) sector via the Higgs portal. We focus on the Higgs-strahlung process,...

Background and aim: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating stroke, in which inflammation plays an important role. We aim to understand the functions of neutrophils and monocyte/macrophage in inflammation of ICH. Materials and Methods: We comprehensively analyzed a publically-available transcriptomic dataset (GSE163256) at spatial and tempo...

Diatoms are a group of silicified algae that play a major role in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Diatom chloroplasts were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis and exhibit important structural and functional differences from the primary plastids of land plants and green algae. Many functions of primary plastids, including photoacclimation and inor...

The serotonin receptor subtype 5-HTR1B is widely distributed in the brain with an important role in various behavioral implications including neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders. The neuromodulatory action of 5-HTR1B largely depends upon its arrestin mediated signaling pathway. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of unusua...

Objectives: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the leading cause of chronic heart failure. Previous studies have suggested that Vav3, a receptor protein tyrosine kinase signal transducer, is associated with a variety of cellular signaling processes such as cell morphology regulation and cell transformation with oncogenic activity. However, the mechanis...

Glycoprotein receptors are a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors, including the follicle hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH), and luteinizing/chorionic gonadotrophin hormone receptor (LHCGR). These receptors display common structural features such as a prominent extracellular domain, with a leucine-rich re...

Activation of Ca2+-dependent TMEM16 scramblases induces the externalization of phosphatidylserine, a key molecule in multiple signaling processes. Current models suggest that the TMEM16s scramble lipids by deforming the membrane near a hydrophilic groove, and that Ca2+ dependence arises from the different association of lipids with an open or close...

Activation of Ca2+-dependent TMEM16 scramblases induces the externalization of phosphatidylserine, a key molecule in multiple signaling processes. Current models suggest that the TMEM16s scramble lipids by deforming the membrane near a hydrophilic groove, and that Ca2+ dependence arises from the different association of lipids with an open or close...

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are ubiquitous sensors and regulators of cellular functions. Each GPCR exists in complex aggregates with multiple resting and active conformations. Designed to detect weak stimuli, GPCRs can also activate spontaneously, resulting in basal ligand-free signaling. Agonists trigger a cascade of events leading to an a...

Signalling networks are critical for virtually all cell functions. Our current knowledge of cell signalling has been summarised in signalling pathway databases, which, while useful, are highly biassed towards well-studied processes, and don’t capture context specific network wiring or pathway cross-talk. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics da...

In the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), macrophages play a huge role. A widely used experimental model of IBD is Muc2 −/− mice. L-fucose is one of monosaccharides present in a variety of glycolipids and glycoproteins produced by mammalian and bacterial cells. It can participate in signaling processes as epithelial and immune cells....

Mitochondria, far beyond their prominent role as cellular powerhouses, are complex cellular organelles active as central metabolic hubs that are capable of integrating and controlling several signaling pathways essential for neurological processes, including neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. On the other hand, mitochondria are themselves regulated...

Signal transduction by the ligated B cell antigen receptor (BCR) depends on the pre-organization of its intracellular components, such as the effector proteins SLP65 and CIN85 within phase-separated condensates. These liquid-like condensates are based on the interaction between three Src homology 3 (SH3) domains and corresponding proline-rich recog...

Host-derived succinate accumulates in the airways during bacterial infection. Here, we show that luminal succinate activates murine tracheal brush (tuft) cells through a signaling cascade involving the succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), phospholipase Cβ2, and the cation channel transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5). Stimulat...

Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk variants confer an increased risk for the development and progression of kidney disease among individuals of recent African ancestry. Over the past several years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of APOL1-mediated kidney diseases (AMKD), including genetic regulation, environmen...

Cholesterol is an essential membrane structural component and steroid hormone precursor, and is involved in numerous signaling processes. Astrocytes regulate brain cholesterol homeostasis and they supply cholesterol to the needs of neurons. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is the main cholesterol efflux transporter in astrocytes. Here we...

Features related to the glottal closure instants (GCI) exhibit different patterns for different emotions. In this work, our main objective was to explore the effectiveness of these features in speech emotion recognition (SER). In this regard, we had proposed two distance-based classifiers based on four features related to GCI. This was the first ph...

Calcium ions (Ca²⁺) serve as a crucial signaling mechanism in almost all cells. The buffers are proteins that bind free Ca²⁺ to reduce the cell’s Ca²⁺ concentration. The most studies reported in the past on calcium signaling in various cells have considered the buffer concentration as constant in the cell. However, buffers also diffuse and their co...

Ultrasonic-guided lamb wave approach is an effective non-destructive testing (NDT) method used for detecting localized mechanical damage, corrosion, and welding defects experienced in metallic pipelines. Signal processing of the guided waves is often challenged due to the complexity of operational conditions and environments in the pipelines. Machi...

Perceptual audio quality measurement systems algorithmically analyze the output of audio processing systems to estimate possible perceived quality degradation using perceptual models of human audition. In this manner, they save the time and resources associated with the design and execution of listening tests (LTs). Models of disturbance audibility...

Cancer is a disease of mutation and lifestyle modifications. A large number of normal genes can transform normal cells to cancer cells due to their deregulations including overexpression and loss of expression. Signal transduction is a complex signaling process that involves multiple interactions and different functions. C-Jun N-terminal kinases (J...

Crop plants have coevolved phytohormone-mediated defenses to combat and/or repel their colonizers. The present study determined the effects of jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation during aphid infestation on the preference and performance of Sitobion miscanthi Takahashi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its potential role in fine-tuning hormone-dependent resp...