Science topic

Shoulder - Science topic

The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons.
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... and ideally also for other power lifting exercises and a range of different loads.
1. Power Clean
  • What it is: A movement that lifts a barbell from the floor to the shoulders in one explosive motion.
  • Key Phases:Setup: Start with the barbell on the floor, feet hip-width apart, back straight, chest up, and hands gripping the bar slightly wider than shoulder-width. First Pull: Lift the bar off the ground by extending your knees and hips while maintaining a straight back. Second Pull: Explosively extend your hips and pull the bar upward, shrugging your shoulders and keeping the bar close to your body. Catch: Drop into a quarter squat and "catch" the barbell on your shoulders, with elbows high. Stand Up: Rise to a standing position with the barbell securely resting on your shoulders.
  • Purpose: Develops explosive power, coordination, and speed.
2. Hang Clean
  • What it is: Similar to the power clean, but the movement starts from a "hang" position (with the barbell above the knees) rather than from the floor.
  • Key Phases:Setup: Stand upright holding the barbell, with the bar just above your knees, feet hip-width apart, and back straight. Load: Slightly bend your knees and push your hips back to prepare for the explosive phase. Second Pull: Drive through your hips, pulling the bar upward while shrugging your shoulders. Catch: Drop under the bar into a quarter squat, catching the barbell on your shoulders. Stand Up: Stand tall to complete the movement.
  • Purpose: Focuses on the explosive hip extension and is easier to perform repeatedly compared to a power clean.
3. Snatch
  • What it is: A movement that lifts the barbell from the floor to overhead in one continuous motion.
  • Key Phases:Setup: Start with a wide grip on the barbell, feet hip-width apart, chest up, and back straight. First Pull: Lift the barbell off the ground by extending your knees while maintaining your posture. Transition: As the bar passes the knees, shift your torso upright and prepare for the explosive pull. Second Pull: Explode through your hips and pull the bar upward, shrugging your shoulders and keeping the bar close to your body. Catch: Drop quickly into an overhead squat while locking the bar overhead, arms fully extended. Stand Up: Rise from the squat position with the bar overhead to complete the lift. Thank you!
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Recommeding to look into Functional Anatomy Setups for this movement. checking the shares between the different players of the movement. only then you would be able to understand the Newtons load on each joint part, and why the joints are developed in a way do make that moves happen. Keep in mind that gym movements are frequently not neccessarily natural movements.
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Taking into consideration the following:
  • Clinical Outcomes
  1. Comparison of healing rates
  2. Pain levels and relief over time
  3. Range of motion recovery
  • Potential Complications
  1. Risk of nonunion or malunion
  2. Development of arthritis or joint stiffness
  3. Impact on shoulder stability and strength
  • Patient Considerations
  1. Age and activity level
  2. Overall health and comorbidities
  3. Patient preference and tolerance for surgery
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Surgical success: With proper surgical interventions patient can expect significant improvement in functional outcome achieving good, excellent results in up to 90 cases. Effective Rehabilitation: Early rehabilitation through physical therapy plays a vital role.
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Are there any references that report the maximum isometric forces of shoulder muscles?
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thank you for your response, it was very helpful.
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I want to examine the correlation between signal intensity of Hoffa's fat pad and KL grades of knee osteoarthritis. But i am not able to get how to measure the signal intensity. Elliptical/round ROI is not going to provide complete picture. Please give your valuable suggestions.
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u can do Proton Density Fat Saturation Dixon Technique. after the acquired post processing image fat/water can measure signal intensity.
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Hello everyone, I'm embarking on a research journey to Investigate the effectiveness of shoulder rumble strips in enhancing road safety. These strips, commonly installed on the shoulders of roadways, aim to alert drivers through vibrations or noise when they veer off the road. I'm seeking advice and insights on appropriate research methodologies, procedures, and data collection techniques that could effectively measure the impact of these strips. Any suggestions or experiences shared would be immensely helpful in shaping the direction of my study. Thank you in advance for your valuable contributions!"
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You can do a pre and post study. How many off the road accidents happened before the shoulder rumble strips were in place and how many occurred afterwards? Also, there should be devises that can detect how many times the rumble strips are touched by car wheels.
Good luck with this study - great question.
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Does exist researches on shoulder ultrasound for GP's?
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When i synthesize the perovskite nanocrystal, after centrifugation, there are a PL peak at 500 nm and a shoulder at around 440nm, which should belong to nanoplatelets. i don't want to this shoulder, so how can i remove all of the nanoplatelets.
Please give me some advice, thank you!
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One possible way to remove the NPls from the PNCs is to use a selective precipitation method, which exploits the difference in solubility between the two types of nanocrystals. For example, you can add a polar solvent, such as ethanol, to the solution containing the PNCs and NPls, and then centrifuge the mixture. The PNCs will precipitate at the bottom of the tube, while the NPls will remain in the supernatant. You can then discard the supernatant and redissolve the PNCs in a non-polar solvent, such as toluene .
Another possible way to remove the NPls from the PNCs is to use a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method, which separates the nanocrystals based on their size and shape. For example, you can load the solution containing the PNCs and NPls onto a column filled with porous gel beads, such as Sephadex G-50. The NPls, which are larger and flatter than the PNCs, will be excluded from the pores and elute faster than the PNCs, which will enter the pores and elute slower. You can then collect the fractions containing the PNCs and NPls separately.
I hope this helps you with your synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals.
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I applied the real-time product on 2.5% agarose gel and only targeted the specific band, but even with changes in primer concentration, cDNA, and temperature gradient, these shoulder are still present.
The melting curve file has been uploaded.
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Is the shoulder problematic? That's the real question.
It's at ~65, so it's primer dimers. It's also not huge, so it's "not a lot of primer dimers".
The only issue is if the primer dimers amplify alongside your amplicon, or only later when most other reagents are exhausted. If it's the latter, then it doesn't matter.
I would run a serial dilution of your cDNA, starting with maybe a 1/5 of neat stock, and then serially diluted by 2-fold (or 10-fold, if your target is abundant enough). If you get Cq values in line with expected dilution, then you can safely ignore the primer dimers.
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Eri Mountbatten-O'Malley's question: "why don’t we see young people as citizens in their own right?" seems to be on more and more minds. Academics, practitioners - sometimes they are both - are adding weight to the longstanding argument for young peoples' (including children's) enfranchisement.
I have not read a convincing argument about why young people should not be enfranchised. As John Wall recently wrote: the onus should not be on young peoples and their allies to demonstrate why they should gain the vote but rather that onus should fall on the shoulders of the people who do not want to enfranchise them.
Both so very much evidence and ethics side with young peoples enfranchisement. Is this "the" suffragist movement of our times?
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"why don’t we see young people as citizens in their own right?"
I do not think that that is always the case As psychologist, i see young people, and even children, as citizens in their own rights. And I am not alone regarding your question. Even so, the current world still is mainly an adult oriented-one because the so called "homunculus theory" (i.e., children are but adults in miniature) still pervades many countries across the world.
Let's listen to other voices.
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I am working on active targeting in nano drug delivery field. I want to have idea about width of folic acid shoulder in UV-Vis spectroscopy. Regards Nabeela Jabeen
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Recently, a paragraph was forwarded and went viral online, causing great panic for a time: “Lancet, a leading medical journal, recently published an article and wrote that lumbago has become a major global challenge.” The data showed that the patients of lumbar spondylosis in China had exceeded 200 million, and the disease becomes prevalent among young people.
But why the adult labor force in China 40 years ago could carry a hundred pounds on their shoulders, but now lumbar spondylosis prevails among young people in China?
Through 6 years of unremitting efforts, I have made progress in the research on the traditional shoulder-carrying culture and spine of china, the world medical science confused the Oriental spine with the standard spine in Western medicine textbooks, yet there are stark differences between them. Research in this academic field is still blank in the world. Occasionally, the scholar (it's me) becomes the first discoverer and researcher in this field. It is the historical mission of China to sort out its national heritage, and it is the duty and obligation of every Chinese to fulfill the historical mission.
The traditional Chinese spine was born under the traditional shoulder-carrying culture of the Chinese nation, and will disappear with its demise. Today, shoulder-carrying skills can be called an intangible cultural heritage. The skill may disappear within a decade and is now on the verge of extinction. Only those elderly people have maintained the shoulder-carrying tradition, meaning that fewer and fewer people have the traditional Chinese spine. Unfortunately, the modern medical community has little or no knowledge of the structure, physiology and kinematics of the spine, leading to huge losses.
I think the study of Chinese traditional shoulder-carrying culture and spine can solve the mystery of the epidemic of lumbar disease.I have the answer, but I do not have strong scientific research ability to write it out. Time is urgent, so I put forward my opinion through the website of the researchgate hoping that more people in the world will know about this and participate in the research.
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Am in support of your observations at https://www.qeios.com/profile/23545
Dissemination in science is generally very slow, with respect to our human lifespan , dear Chen Huabin
Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don't resist them; that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like. Lao Tzu
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Anatomy and movement assignment 1 sub question
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Hi Siphenkosi Mnyipika,
regarding your question.
During a shoulder press up, the main joints that move are the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) and the elbow joint. The glenohumeral joint, which connects the upper arm bone to the shoulder blade, is a ball-and-socket joint, and the elbow joint, which links the upper and lower arm bones, is a hinge joint. Also, the scapulothoracic joint, which is where the shoulder blade meets the rib cage, moves to help the glenohumeral joint move.
Salah
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There is no standard ratio in FSW process, but i think it might be existed a logic ratio between these 4 parameters for each material.
for instance, depending on the pip outer diameter and its thickness, which are making limitation in diameter of the shoulder if extend the shoulder’s diameter to provide enough temperature due to complete plunging, extra flash will occurred.
To prevent flashes to get an optimum quality of weld, less influx will be logical decision which lead to insufficient touch and friction between the shoulder and pip.
this is a challenging!
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You are correct that there is no standard ratio for shoulder diameter, pin diameter, workpiece thickness, and outer pipe diameter in rotational friction stir welding (RFSW). However, some general guidelines and principles can be followed to optimize these shoulder diameters for a specific material and application. The shoulder primarily generates heat through friction and contains the material flow within the weld region. The shoulder diameter should be large enough to provide sufficient frictional heat and prevent material escape. However, it is not so large that it causes excessive flash or affects the tool's ability to traverse the workpiece.
The resulting flash was studied in our below studies which can help you:
Raheem K. Al-Sabur and Ahmad K. Jassim, Friction Stir Spot Welding Applied to Weld Dissimilar Metals of AA1100 Al-alloy and C11000 Copper, 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 455 012087. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/455/1/012087
A K. Jassim, Raheem Al-Sabur, Studying the Possibility to Weld AA1100 Aluminum Alloy by Friction Stir Spot Welding, International Journal of Chemical, Molecular, Nuclear, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Vol:11, No:9, 2017
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The author's name is Gao Chengyuan
  • The pole is the oldest, most important, simplest and most wonderful achievement of Chinese civilization. The Great Wall and the canal are all picked out by the shoulder pole. What about the rammed earth foundation site of the Xia and Shang in Erlitou? Only the Chinese use the pole, and the Korean culture is very close to the middle Earth, but in the old days, they all use the big basin on their heads. India and Africa are much the same.Take a comparison of two pictures (the illustration of this article is used to demonstrate the function) : the African can only use the top ten bricks, two hands to support; The Chinese migrant worker carried forty bricks on a pole and walk across the diving board. The old "razor picker" consisted of the whole barbershop apparatus, including a fire, and the picker used his free hands to rattle to attract customers.
The author is nearly 90 years old, and he is a friend of mine. I hope that some researchers can contact us, and we can exchange information together.
source:
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You should add these references to your works at Qeios to extend and elaborate your medical study.
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Is there any standard to perform landform classification based on curvature and slope using specific values for small agricultural areas (10-20ha)? For instance, to define the following hillslope positions: summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope, and toeslope. Thanks.
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Yes, there should be information already posted on this website. Ill check for it. You may already have it (Three days ago you asked, and I just saw it) but I have seen references related. I'll look for more information and get back to you.
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in fluorescence emission, the shoulder is formed. what is the cause of this phenomenon?
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Hi Jebel Haji Mahamud the answer to your question can be very different based on the circumstance you are in. For instance, the existence of dual emitting modes of the fluorophore can be one reason. Having a optically active (light absorbing and emitting) contaminant or impurity can be another reason. Also excimer formation or aggregate generation can be another reason. Or it can be a nature of the emission band in the particular fluorophore due to fine vibronic structures.
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Hello to everyone
1- project : I am modeling fiction stir welding in direct couple analysis. this process is transient analysis. to aim this problem I utilized ANSYS mechanical apdl.I already modeled FSW using the simplified sample that is available in ANSYS 17 ( by excluding Pin and temperature dependent plasticity model ). Now by regarding a complete tool (shoulder and pin )and temperature dependent plasticity model I want to simulate FSW
2- the arisen problem: I made a log file carefully including all parameters ,loading ( plunge, dwell,welding), boundary conditions, material property etc. are required for the process. but in dwell stage after a penetration of 3.3mm some errors occur ( thermal loading and high distortion of element). it should be noted for starting of processes a penetration of 5.6mm is needed ( pin length is 5.5mm). I manipulated contact options and decrease load steps many times but the issue still remains, 3- note: some methods like NLADM( non linear adaptive meshing) suggested but this methods are capable of static analysis or we have some limitations in used element types. for me analysis type is transient and element type is solid226. solving this problem is so vital and crucial for me. any comment or suggestion about solving these arisen errors ( thermal loading and convergence)which has been attached, would be appreciated. Regards
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Hi,
ALE (arbitrary lagrangian eulerian) is solution for the model may encounter the high distortion element problem.
This approach switches between lagrangian mesh and eulerian mesh, if necessary.
This feature is available in ABAQUS.
Go to youtube and find many handy tutorials in this regard.
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I'm trying to know how can I investigate about the muscle functions in these three object?
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Shoulder laxity refers to the amount of movement that occurs within the joint, which can be greater than normal due to a stretched or relaxed ligament. This condition can increase the risk of injury and instability.
Shoulder hypermobility refers to an excessive range of motion in the shoulder joint that can cause instability and increased risk of injury. It is often seen in individuals with joint hypermobility syndrome, which is a genetic condition characterized by hypermobile joints.
Shoulder instability refers to a problem with the stability of the shoulder joint, which can cause the joint to slip out of place or become dislocated. This can result from a traumatic injury, such as a fall, or from repeated microtrauma to the joint.
To investigate muscle functions in these conditions, you can use various imaging techniques, such as X-rays, MRI scans, and CT scans, as well as physical examination and assessment of the range of motion, strength, and stability of the joint. Other tests that may be used include electromyography and nerve conduction studies to assess muscle function, and tests to evaluate the stability of the joint, such as the apprehension test.
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To whom may have a solid background in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
The technical deconvoluting way is not an issue for me, I wonder how I can decide the number of shoulder peaks (or hidden peaks underneath). For example, this old research (A.P. Grosvenor et al. / Surface Science 600 (2006) 1771–1779) tells us they deconvoluted the spectrum in 4 Ni-related peaks and 2 satellites, without any reasoning or previous step. I found many similar cases in other outstanding research, it seems they assume that most of us already understood/or agreed with the number of possible oxidation states.
I appreciate your answer in advance.
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  1. Multivalent valency materials will have many peaks for example take SnO and definitely some chemisorbed oxygen will lead to the formation of SnO2 on the surface alone. So if one records the XRD for SnO2 will not be there, but in the XPS one can detect it. So Sn will have two peaks and if you consider O-core XPS spectra, it will have peaks for SnO, SnO2, and some SnOx and SnOH due to chemisorbtion.
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I read the paper "Zn-alloyed MAPbBr3 crystals with improved thermoelectric and photocatalytic properties"
MAPbBr3 microcrystal was fabricated using hydrothermal method
"MAPbBr3 precursors were transferred to stainless-steel Teflon-lined autoclave at 160oC for 6 h. It was cooled down to RT and dried in a vacuum oven at 50oC for 12 h."
I'm wondering why this MAPbBr3 showed (100) XRD shoulder peaks although they insisted tetragonal and cubic phase coexist at RT.
As far as I know MAPbBr3 only exist in stable Cubic phase at RT not tetragonal.
Are these shoulder peaks related to the unequilibrium thermodynamics during solvothermal methods?
How can we explain these peaks?
I also checked other MAPbBr3 papers, fabricated by similar solvothermal methods and they just showed clear cubic xrd peaks.
I uploaded XRD peaks for MAPbBr3 paper and related references also.
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Most of the MOFs will be in micron size only not in the nano-size.
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The uv spectrum of beta carotene have a shoulder band close to maximum absorption. what does it indicates?
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The bands are due to electronic transitions from excited to ground state in carotenoid molecules when absorbing photons. See:
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In my last research, I investigate whether patients with musculoskeletal disorders had increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection or developed more severe forms of COVID-19; as well as whether COVID-19 affected the underlying disease.
Results showed that the frequency of COVID-19 was low and statistically nonsignificant, but that led to a worsening of the underlying disease.
What are your clinical impressions, ie do you have similar research results?
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COVID-19 and Its impact on the musculoskeletal system
Not only the people with musculoskeletal disorders are more susceptible to the COVID-19 pandemic (1), but musculoskeletal symptoms are one of the manifestations of COVID-19 illness (2). Furthermore, these disorders are also more common in people as long-term effects of COVID-19 (or long-COVID) (3-4).
Please have a look at these articles for evidence:
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Dear colleagues,
I wanted to ask your inputs/ideas for a problem we are currently encountering in liquid chromatography.
We have developed a method for the analysis of a peptide at 1 mg/mL having a size of about 40 amino acids. The method is quite conventional, with the use of a Waters BEH C18 peptide column, together with a mobile phase composed of ACN and water + 0.1%TFA in both solvents. Obviously, we are working under gradient conditions.
We have performed more than 500 injections on the column without any issue. However, after this number of injections, we have begun to observe a strange peak distortion. Therefore, we believed that the column was too old, and we decided to order a new one.
With the new column, we have performed less than 20 injections of the sample without special problem, but after these few injections, the problem came back and similar peak distortion was observed. You can see the enclosed picture to have an idea of the very strange peak distortion observed.
Therefore, in order to ensure that there was no issue with the column batch, we have re-ordered a new column of the same type, but the problem came back after only 10 injections.
To be honest, the peak shape looks very special, and to the best of my knowledge, I have scarcely seen such shouldered peak shapes in liquid chromatography.
If you have already observed such a behaviour during your career or if you have an idea of what could be the reason for this peak distortion, please don’t hesitate to share your thoughts.
It is sometimes great to think outside the box, and this is why I have posted this message here.
Many thanks in advance for your help.
Davy Guillarme
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Dear Davy,
If contaminations or sample degradation are excluded, shouldered peaks are the sign of an LC issue. Your peptide is probably retained somewhere in the LC, which explained the slight RT shift inducing the second peak.
As you’ve changed the column, it’s likely not a column problem. Therefore, I suggest you to :
  1. Make fresh wash and mobile phases.
  2. Use an old vs freshly made standard sample.
  3. Check carryover and pressure
  4. Check all the tubings in contact with the sample, maybe unplug and replug them to ensure there is no dead volume.
  5. Check that the valves work properly.
  6. Check the injector/needle.
  7. You can also use a surfactant directly in your reconstitution solution to limit the sample adsorption.
Points 1-3 will help understand the problem origin.
Hope this will help! I'm looking forward to see what was the trouble!
Best,
Jonathan Maurer
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It is being observed that some surgeons prefer to do reverse shoulder replacement rather than attempting a rotator cuff repair in the elderly patients giving justification that the results of rotator cuff repair are not 100%.
Is it scientifically correct to offer reverse shoulder arthroplasty for roator cuff tear?
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It dipendes on the quality of soft tissue,bone and the possibility to make a transfer.
The age over 80 in active patient is a good indication for rsa..
Ciao
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I am trying to investigate the coherence between two shoulder muscles at 0 - 90Hz. Precious studies used various cuff-off for their band pass filter, e.g. 1–400 Hz(Chen, 2012), 5-300Hz(Boonstra,2008), 3-1000Hz (Kattla, 2010). How do I determine the most appropriate filter for my analysis?
Also, we measured both surface and intramuscular EMG, but some intramuscular EMG signal are not good. Is it acceptable if I downsample the intramuscular EMG of one muscle, and calculate the coherence between it and the surface EMG of another muscle?
Thank you!!
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J. Rafiee
Thanks for your help!
Some of my intramuscular EMG data was 'not good' because the fine-wire slightly moves during muscle contraction. For subjects with more fat at their back, getting a nice recording will also be challenging.
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The material is a biopolymer (biomass) The broad peak I think is an OH peak suggesting an intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction normally observed in homopolymers and copolymers. but the shoulder around 3249 I got no explanation.
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Hi.
I believe that, if not an artefact, peaks at 3249 cm-1 can typically be explained by the presence of clusters containing significant amounts of three- and four-coordinated water molecules. However, it's been long since I worked with FTIR so double-check this.
Cheers!
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Hi all - I am testing some probe/primers assays to see if I can multiplex one of my ref gene (PPIA) with a target gene '(Tas1R2).
This is a typical amplification curve obtained - I have diluted the ref gene assay 1:2 to reduce possible inhibitory competition with target gene.
Still the target gene multiplex amplification curve show a shoulder that I do not see in the singleplex amplification curve. Any idea of what causes this ? Dimers between assays ?
Many thanks for your suggestions !
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Katie A S Burnette - thanks for you reply. My Y axis is for delta Rn , that is fluorescence value, and not "expression" value... A highly express sample could give low increases in fluorescence if the reaction is inhibited, if there is high reference dye level etc...
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We have been consistently observing shoulders in FCS correlation curves on monodisperse and stable solutions of nanoparticles. We have shielded detectors from stray light and the microscopes are on optical tables that should dampen vibrations. Thought at first it might be due to a 60 Hz wall power fluctuation but even on extra-grounded outlets we see this in the curves. Also tried adjusting the sample slide to minimize any reflections that may be present in the chamber slides.
Thoughts on what this is / how to prevent it?
Thanks!
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Hi Sarah,
I'm replying to this 2 years later, I hope it's still relevant.
I'm seeing these artefacts too, with large particles (100nm diameter or more), I've seen those with Dynabeads, Tetraspeck beads and QDots made in our university.
I haven't seen an explanation what's causing these. Could it be rotational dynamics? Either way, those come only from a fairly large size particles, as I mentioned. I'm attaching my correlation functions.
Take care!
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Dear community,
I am using a HPGe detector to measure the activity of a neutron-activated foil sample (InAl), which can be used in neutron spectrum unfolding.
A problem showed up is that the gamma spectrum recoreded by HPGe now shows full peaks with a "shoulder" on high energy side, as shown in the attached figure labeled with In-115(n,gamma)In-116m.
Other irradiated samples are meausred using this HPGe, but the aforementioned phenomenon in gamma spectrum doesn't occur, as shown in the attached figure labeled with La-139(n,gamma)La-140.
My collegue had suggested a possible cause that the unstable voltage supply during the measurement. But it has been excluded after the installation of uninterruptible power supply.
What will be the cause of the "shoulder" in the full-energy peak of certain sample? And, how to cope with it?
Sincerely,
Zhao-Ming Pan
===============================
Editted at 2021-May-27 19:51
Dear Dr. Gerhard Martens,
Here is the complete spectrum and its .Spe file. The decay gamma of In-116m is specified in red with corresponding annotation (fitted energy).
Also specified on the spectrum are the detector live time, real time and dead time. The Gross/Net count rate are 86.87 / 77.26 cps for the 1292 keV peak.
The lower level discrimination is set 50 which equals to 17.33 keV. However, the HPGe recorded spectrum starts from channel 132 (45.74 keV) when measuring the In-116m foil sample.
The set-up is remained the same when measuring different samples. None of the collimator, shielings and distances are changed.
The detector model is Canberra GC2520 coaxial HPGe.
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Gamma spectrum analysis is regarded as a fast, reliable and non-destructive technology on determining the type and intensity of radionuclides. It is widely used in nuclear physics research, geological exploration, environmental assessment. Under the certain condition (detector, electronic components and measuring environment), the data obtained by different unfolding algorithms have different results. The accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analysis of radionuclides is determined by gamma spectrum unfolding technique https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211379718334223
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Dear all,
I aim to extract the value of valence band maximum of XPS spectra. Some papers suggest to extract the value by taking the intersection value of conventional linear extrapolation and the baseline. Besides, there is also another possible solution, i.e. by deconvoluting the tail feature with several small width gaussian peaks. I am done with the linear extrapolation and I would like to compare them with deconvolution method. I have tried that with origin by using multiple peaks analyzer and picked several points to be deconvoluted, however, origin did not show a good deconvolution (no gaussian peaks were observed).
Regarding to that issue, does any one have any recommendation out of origin? or perhaps still with origin but different menu option?
Thank you very much in advance.
Best,
Efi
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Efi Dwi Indari Deconvolution of a composite peak into its individual peaks plays an important role in the interpretation of many types of graphs including XRD, XPS, FTIR, and PL etc. In this video, I have discussed how to deconvolute simple combined peaks, composite peaks and how to correct missing data in a given peak with the help of deconvolution. In the case you want to further ask about it, please do comment on the specific video, I'll respond to it shortly. I have provided the practice filee (OriginLab) here. Thanks
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In Ti 2p spectrum I have an intense Ti 2p 3/2 peak at 458.5 eV (corresponding to Ti4+) with additional shoulder peak at higher binding eneregy, I couldnot consider it as Ti3+ satellite because there is no shouldering at lower binding energy (which might be the actual Ti3+ peak). Please help me to interpret this.
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Hi,
I agree with prof. Jeffrey J Weimer . The spectra suggests the mixture of oxides and you can a huge collection of articles published with XPS studies of TiO2.
I would recommend to do baseline correction again and try to de-convolute the spectra.
Best of Luck.
-Aayush
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I am using genomic DNA from sperm as the template, try to do sex-ratio relative quantification, when I ran the qPCR, it shows the shoulder in the melt curve, When I ran a gel for the qPCR products, it shows one band, but above the bands, there are some none specific thing shown up.
I am using a autosomal primer for reference gene, but either using autosomal primer or GAPDH, it gives me the shoulder in the melt curve.
1) the primers are optimized for this PCR 2) there is no primer dimers.
Can this be a problem when running the gDNA as template? Or using ROX and SYBR will give the problem?
Is this a good way to do the sex-ratio determination? When I did the calibration curve, more input of my template, did not increase the CT value (improve the CT value).
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Hi Delong, a substantial shoulder peak reflects the presence of low complexity regions in amplicon, which causes non-uniform melting, but it could also be due to longer amplicons, resulted by less specific primers as now it has multiple melting domains with varying GC content and hence tend to dissociate at different Tms, giving rise to shoulder peak of varying heights. So primer specificity and optimal primer concentration can solve this problem.
Regards.....
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Hello all,
I need pure hexahedral mesh for complex geometries of human body parts such as human skull, femur, shoulder etc. I have made an attempt with ANSYS ICEM and IA-FEMesh softwares using multi-blocking techniques, but I am unable to produce Hex mesh. I am attaching snaps of geometries alongwith.
Can anyone have an idea how to generate such mesh on complex geometries?
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If your parts are like the one in your image, you simply can't. There is this theorem using Euler's characteristic which says that a polyhedron with the topology of a sphere that is composed with hexagons or pentagons should always have 12 pentagons. Actually you need to have something isomorphic to a torus.
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Currently we are doing a project (metanalysis) in Rotator cuff repair and multiple authors have used different scoring system. Is there any way we compare the outcomes to determine which intervention is better than others?or way of reporting these outcomes
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While not ideal, you can look at the rates of patients achieving MCID/PASS for the various treatments (should be in most published studies) and use those rates to compare treatments.
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dear all,
This is a question asked by a reviewer. But I am not good at FSW.
The original question is : Was tool tilt an important factor of your study? If not, how did you overcome shoulder plunge ?
In my study, the tilt angle was 0° during the welding process. But I have no idea how to response to his question. If any of you know anything about it, please tell me. Thank you very much.
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Tilt angle has significant effect on over coming defects in FSW. But in your case there is no tilt so no effect. I guess your plunge depth is less than the length of the probe/pin. If you did not use tilt angle in your study , you can answer him about your plunge depth taken and shoulder will not plunge but probably stir on surface@Chuntian Yang
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Increases or Decreases The Grain Size, Tensile Strength and Microhardness with Increase in Shoulder Diameter.
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Dear Dr. Umesh Kumar Singh ,
I suggest you to have a look at the following papers:
-Effect of shoulder to pin ratio on magnesium alloy Friction Stir Welding
N. H. Othman, M. Ishak and L. H. Shah
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 238, 012008 (2017)
-Effect of Tool Shoulder Diameter During Friction Stir Processing of AZ31B Alloy Sheets of various Thicknesses
S. Ramesh Babu, S. Pavithran, M. Nithin, B. Parameshwaran
Procedia Engineering, Vol. 97, Pages 800-809 (2014)
and about Al-Mg Alloys:
-Effect of shoulder diameter to pin diameter ratio on microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welded AA2024-T6 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy joints
V. Saravanan, Rajakumar Selvarajan, Nilotpal BanerjeeNilotpal, R.Amuthakkannan
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 87(9-12):3637-3645 (2016)
Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.
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Comparing with PDF card. The intensity of main peak is lower than the other secondary peaks. All peaks not only shift rightward but also have shoulders. What do these mean?
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There are four observations. Let me discuss them and related conclusions one by one.
1. The intensity-ratios don't match, however there positions are more or less same. It indicates, there are some non-uniform growth dynamics and preferred orientations. The (200) peak is extremely great, means the growth is predominant in this direction.
2. If you keep (200) peak aside, even then the intensity-ratio of other peaks also don't match. I think, the asymmetric and anisotropic growth dynamics need further attention and other spectroscopic explorations.
3. All peaks have a small shoulder at the left side. It simply indicates, you have two phases in the material. The dominant and major component gives the main peaks. The other small component gives the shoulders.
4. The peaks are right-shifted. It indicates, a smaller interplanar spacing. From Bragg's law, you can say if the theta positions increase, d-positions decrease. And a smaller interplanar spacing leads to a smaller unit cell. Anyway, the right-shifts might be different for different Bragg peaks. In that case, you may find that, the interplanar spacings between different (hkl) planes have been influenced by the preferred growth-directions differently.
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Hi,
I've recently used a pure spectra plate from Thermo to calibrate my QPCR. Upon review of the raw data, I noticed that the SYBR spectra had 2 peaks (well a peak and a shoulder peak). Is this typical? The 'shoulder' peak falls in the range of another dye so would this affect quantification of other dyes if multiplexed?
Thanks in advance
David
ps - picture of spectra shown
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Hi David,
Based on the available data on thermofisher website, the emission peak of SYBR-GREEN I is asymmetric, but doesn't display any shoulder as you show.
If this "shoulder" peak overlaps the emission of another dye, it will cause bias in the quantitation of this other dye. It is possible to do a correction by substracting the amount of "green" in the "red" channel. For example Red_corrected = Red_Raw - X%Green_Raw.
Are you sure you are measuring the emission of SYBR-GREEN alone or both fluorophores in your spectra plate ?
You should also show on the x axis the wavelengths to have a better idea of what we are looking at.
Cheers
Oliv
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Dear RG community!
I am obtaining very weird peaks on the XRD pattern. There is a shoulder on the left side of the peak looking like a step. Arrow on the picture. It is about 2-3% of the Ka1 peak intensity. It appears before every peak with constant 2-3% of relative intensity on the constant distance. And I have no idea what it could be. It doesn't fit with any known Cu Ka satellite spectrum. Doesn't match with potential W emission from the tube.
This is perfectly flat LaB6 powder standard confirmed on the other diffractometer. Al2O3 standard gives the same artifact. The XRD is Bruker D8. Optics is in reflection geometry with copper X-ray tube, no monochromator, 0.2 mm motorized divergence slit, incident and receiving 2.5 degree Soller slits, Ni filter, PSD detector.
Any ideas what is the origin of this shoulder? Or what more important, how to eliminate it?
Thank you!
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Dear Robert Möckel and Gerhard Martens , thanks a lot for your help. It turned out to be tube tails and Kb absorption edge artifacts. The such prominent tube tails are not usual indeed. I found out later that the tube is degrading very quickly. It is only 3 years old, has only 2 years of heavy use and now produces only 10% of X-rays in comparison to three years ago state. Apparently, there is a major defect from the factory. May be this causes such strong tube tails as well.
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Discoverer of the period-luminosity law in stellar distance measurement, she was the giant the likes of Hertzsprung, Russell, Shapley, and then eventually, Hubble, shoulders they stood on. For once the idea and natural observation matched with some numerical entity, the competitive numbers people built it out. I'd like more data - if available - relative to her personal life.
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She received an A- in Astronomy at Harvard, Radcliffe College. She was not allowed to operate a telescope because she was a woman. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1924 but had died 3 years earlier from cancer. Shapely tried to claim her work as his own but was turned down by the academy. She was a genius.
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Recently, I changed a gas cell of my FT-IR spectrometer (MIDAC), and background spectrums collected from the new cell are a little bit strange.
What is the peak at 3200 cm-1 in the singlebeam spectra?
And why is the shoulder peak at 2200~2000 cm-1 too rounded?
Is there any problem with my new cell such as contamination or misalignment?
Or, is it okay to use this?
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Actually the shoulder peak at 2200~2000 cm-1 is just looking strange, because of the inverse peak at about 1650 cm-1. My guess is that this is the water deformation vibration and from about 3200 - 3650 cm-1 you find the corresponding inverse peak of the stretching vibration of water...
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I was working on a pavement model in ANSYS containing asphalt bottom layer with concrete slab panels on top of it. The slabs are tied to an asphalt shoulder at one side as well. The pavement is sitting on an elastic foundation and is subjected to wheel loads. After meshing has been done, I was trying to connect the adjacent slabs for load transfer between them, with springs in longitudinal and transverse direction in ANSYS. I need some idea on how can I do that so that the rigid body movement is restrained effectively when subjected to loads. I am attaching a screenshot of my model for your kind consideration.
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Dear Souvik Roy ,
First of all, if you are dealing with a symmetry geometries and boundary conditions, you may want to activate the "Weak Spring" option in "Analysis Setting" that is going to add a spring element automatically to your model and avoid rigid body motion. Since you did not say anything regarding the BCs, I can't say this is the solution for your problem.
If you want to apply the springs, then you need to follow these steps.
Add a "Connections" to your model in case you don't have one in your analysis. Then Under "Connections", insert "Spring". There are two option available for defining a spring which are Body-Body and Ground-Body options. In your case, I think that you need to use Ground-Body one. You can define the Ground side using Cartesian coordinate and on the other side you can select either point, line or surface from your geometry.
Since you mentioned that you want to put constrain longitudinally and laterally, then you need to apply two springs in those directions.
Hope this get you started.
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I performed a qRT-PCR reaction for the CDC20 gene on drug-treated cells and non-drug treated cells and obtained these melting plots and I am just wondering how to explain the shoulders on the end. Would these be indicative of non-specific primer binding? And if so, could that have to do with the volume of primer added (a pipetting issue)? Not everyone in this laboratory course had the same issue, and I am trying to explain my results
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For such short products a usually amplified in qPCR (80-150 bp, more or less), a 6% PAGE is much better than an agarose gel. Capillary electrophoressis (e.g. Bioanalyzer) has a high resolution, too, but not everyone has access to such instruments.
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I am working on various trimetallic catalysts of Pd and two other metals for ethanol oxidation.
All of them have resulted in one metallic phase upon analysis by X-ray diffraction. That means no individual metal peaks are separate from one another.
However, I, some times, see overlapping peaks with one main peak and another shoulder peak. I think this is not the same thing as the asymmetric peaks that is sometimes found in XRD even in one metal system. I am saying this because I also prepare each metal individually and compare the trimeallic peaks with single metal ones.
For example, in the attached graph is the (111) peak of trimetallic PdRhIr vs single Pd, Ir, and Rh. You can see the main peak in the trimetallic is close to that of single Pd while the shoulder is close to that of Ir. This drives another question about how to deconvolute those peaks? I have tried originlap using both Peak Analyser and Multipeak but both have not given a satisfying result.
The main question, however, having those overlapping peaks; how could I understand them and evaluate the alloy formation potential of the three metals?
Any idea or suggestion will be deeply appreciated.
Have a great day!
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Dear Ahmed,
me seems the crystallinity of your material is very low. The existance of peaks is connected with a periodicity of a lattice. Catalysts are nice examples for amorphes material. If you want to have a chance to use XRD I propose to anneal your material. This could create order in your structure.
With regard
R. Mitdank
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So, my LC system (ARC by Waters) has a problem... All of a sudden the first peak in my chromatogram splits.... It first begin with shouldering and now they are completely separated.... What can be the cause?
Please help.
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Hi Dominique,
Peak splitting can be from multiple sources and there really isn't too much information to go on from your post. If you could, can you give some more information on the sample that you are looking at, column you are using, and solvents?
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I have prepared libraries for RNA-seq using the Takara SMARTer Stranded Total RNA-Seq Kit v2 – Pico Input Mammalian. The input RNA was extracted from FFPE tissue. Some of the final libraries have a shoulder or peak at around 160bp, as shown in the Bioanalyzer trace I have attached. I was wondering if anyone has had a similar issue, or could advise on the cause of this peak? Could it be due to adapter-dimers?
Many thanks,
Hattie
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Hi Matthew,
Thanks very much for your answer. I took the library and performed an extra size selection with SPRIselect beads and a lower ratio of 0.8 which has seemed to work well.
Many thanks!
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The compound is isolated from a plant extract and there are two possible positional isomers. Their peaks are very close that sometimes it looks like a single peak with a small shoulder. I have tried separating using binary solvent systems ( Acetonitrile in water, acetonitrile in methanol). The elution happens at higher percentage of acetonitrile.
Will three solvent systems of the above mentioned solvents work? Or could someone suggest me a better alternative?
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You can use a chiral column. For this, β-cyclodextrin adobebent will be used.
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I need to record the head and shoulders of a person speaking, and then reconstruct that person in 3D, so that it can be played back statically (not real-time) in a virtual environment.
I am interested in any software or methods there are out there for reconstruction of a recording in medium to high resolution.
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Hi Sam, You may used multiple kinect camera in different of angles to capture more detail expression of the persons head and their shoulder
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I want to create a 3D model of human Shoulder for analysis purpose, Kindly suggest some good software's for modelling and analysis.
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I can recommend to use Blender for 3D modelling and analysis. Blender is Open Source and runs on Windows, Mac OS and Linux. However, this applies only as long as you intend to use it for visualization. Blender is not a medical program, and this "analysis" should not mean to diagnose.
The basic question is what kind of data source you have. Can it export an .stl-file? If YES then use Blender. If you have volume data you might need to transform and export the data in the first hand. Then bone needs to be sectioned by the software. Maybe Viewbox could do this (www.dhal.com).
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All samples have a "shoulder" in the survey, but% abundance is fine, any recommendation?
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ok! I will
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The G peak has a shoulder at low frequency side. How to get the intensity from this G peak?
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Thanks @Tianyu Liu
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Habitual behavior/Everyday habits in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (and the impact on shoulder load)
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Dear,
impact depends on the level of the SCI.
Sarah
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Overhead shoulder pulley exercise
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actually i would like to know is there any project or research work done on shoulder rehabilitation by T pulley using close loop theory of motor learning.
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Hi,
I am trying to synthesize ultra small 2nm gold nanoparticles by NaBH4 reduction (Brust Method). What should be the characteristic UV-Vis spectrum of 2nm size gold nanoparticles. Should we or not see a shoulder or hump at 510-520nm ? I am not seeing a shoulder at 510-520nm. I am attaching the image of spectrum for your reference. What does it say about the quality of the nanoparticles ? I have repeated three times and the spectra remains the same for all the batches.
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Borohydride is very strong reducing agent. Use dilute conct of hydrazine hydrate
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As a P.T., focused and interested on orthopedics (such as, back, knee, shoulder, etc., pain and dysfunctions), my main concern is: how cognition and the capacity to search and obtain information, and convert it to knowledge, can affect our patients pain and rehabilitation, specially in low income areas?
Thinking about focusing on (regarding future researches):
- Health literacy
- Metacognition
- Information/knowledge sharing
- Group therapy intervention/prevention
Are those topics of interest? If "yes", which groups and researchers should i dig deeper to get the foundations?
Any suggestions are more than welcome
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Your welcome. Good Luck
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I'm looking for a joint ultrasound dataset, it can be knees, shoulders, feet, any kind of joint is ok. I have seen different musculoskeletal ultrasound images; however, nothing more than a few images.
Thanks.
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Dear Mr. Mauro Méndez
a general joint ultrasound dataset can be found in the following site. it consists of 8 different joints:
  • Shoulder
  • Elbow
  • Wrist and carpus
  • Fingers
  • Hip groin and buttock
  • Knee
  • Ankle
  • Foot
I hope it can be useful.
Regards
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As seen on the attached image, we intended to produce Au nanobricks by EBL. The resist was PMMA 120 nm, metallization parameters are: Cr 0.5 nm, Au 40 nm. The SEM image of the produced nanobricks reveals some rim or shoulder at the edges of the bricks, which appear as brigth lines around them on the SEM image. AFM measurement approved the height difference at the edges. Does anyone have an idea how to avoid this effect and create flat surface bricks?
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It could be metallisation happening on the walls of PMMA as some metal atoms are arriving at the surface of the chip at small angles (away from the normal to the surface). To reduce the "hat" effect, one would increase the ratio between the PMMA and metal layer thicknesses (120 : 40 = 1 : 3 may be not sufficient for a clean lift-off). There are two options: (i) to try to increase the PMMA thickness to let's say 1:5 (200 nm in your case) or higher, or (ii) to use a double layer PMMA/MMA to have a pronounced undercut to not have a polymer wall next to the Au structures.
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Need information and references for provocative functional tests for shoulder and rotator cuff.
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Nanoparticle characterization
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Please post your result and explain how it was obtained. What DLS algorithm was used? What were you measuring? Any sample 'preparation'? Cannot provide a detailed specific reply without more information.
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Is solar geoengineering frightening science fiction or bona fide scientific research that someday might provide the tools for staving off catastrophic climate change? Does humanity still have a choice between such extreme and risky schemes and reduction of emission? Are we willing to shoulder the economic burden now, or are we going to wait until we have no alternative to such strategies?
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"Solar geoengineering could depress crop yields...." C&EN, Aug. 13/20, 2018
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Why does the absorption spectrum of aqueous [Ti(OH2)6]3+ exhibit a broad band with a shoulder?
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The spectrum you observe is the transition from the ground state 2T2g to the excited state 2Eg of the octahedral aquo ion. It is allowed with respect to the spin rule (DeltaS = 0). The shoulder on the low-energy side is due to Jahn-Teller distortion of the excited 2Eg state. Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions occur when a non-linear molecule is in a degenerate electronic state. The molecule then distorts, its symmetry is lowered and the energy minimized. For Ti(III), d1, the JT distortion of the ground state is small, but the JT of the excited state is sizeable; the 2Eg state splits into 2A1g and 2B1g levels. The splitting is on the order of 2000 cm-1. The band at around 500 nm (20,300 cm-1) corresponds to the transition to 2A1g, the should at around 550 nm to the transition to 2B1g.
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Either these shoulder peaks of metals are good for catalytic activity or not?
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Hi Farhan,
you must give more details about your case (graph, for example). Anyway, if it concerns the reduction of metallic ions from the electrolyte on your electrode surface (as example: treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals), it means that your material has an activity toward the studied metal. On the other hand, if this redox peak is related to the dissolution of your metallic electrode, this is an indication of the instability of the electrode , and in this case, you must first identify the stability interval of the electrode (using cyclic voltammetry).
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What is the reason to get 5-fluorouracil peak shouldering by using C18 column with 0.02 % aqueous orthophosphoric acid? When we take standard plot we got good peaks. Further, when we take accuracy and precision, it started giving peak shouldering. We washed column very well with 0.2mL/min flow rate at 20:80 ACN:WATER ratio and then with 35:65 ACN:WATER ratio. Please suggest us to avoid shouldering of peak.
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Its is a very good question
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can the shoulder capsule be injured by hitting the processus coracoideus during press exercises?
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Pain during bench press frequently originates from the acromioclavicular joint. However, something else may be going on, and without a physical examination it is hard to give a precise diagnosis.
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In shoulder press and lats pulldown there is the "breaking the bar" principle to limit injury. Is this correct, and/or are there other options?
This to create external rotation.
Is there any other aspect opposed to breaking the bar? Maybe single arm movements? Seems so difficult to "break the bar".
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Hello Dear Peter,
There is a patent which could help to improve bench press biomechanic. Bench press has the similar problem like shoulder press and lats pulldown.
I send you two papers that could help you finding the answer. See progressions,...
Weiss, J., & Rich, D. (2001). U.S. Patent No. 6,224,518. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Logan, C. (2004). Training young athletes with shoulder injuries. IDEA Personal Trainer. (Impingement Section)
Best regards
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Fracture dislocation of shoulder is challenging case for novice and veterans alike. Inviting tips, tricks and valuable opinions for one such case with no associated injuries.
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Thanks all for educative inputs...
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What are the social/cultural factors that influence compassion fatigue (not burnout)? Any writing specific on that? We often tend to put all the responsibilities of compassion fatigue on the worker’s shoulders and neglect the social part of it. I'd like to have more information about that. Any readings, videos, etc. Thanks
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Dear Michael. Please find attached items below. James.
Wilson, J. & Kirshbaum, M. Effects of patient death on nursing staff: a literature review. Sheffield Hallam University. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4134/1/Article_final_BJN.pdf
Sabo BM. Adverse psychosocial consequences: Compassion fatigue, burnout and vicarious traumatization: Are nurses who provide palliative and hematological cancer care vulnerable?. Indian J Palliat Care [serial online] 2008 [cited 2018 Mar 6];14:23-9. Available from: http://www.jpalliativecare.com/text.asp?2008/14/1/23/41929
Figley, C.R. (2002). Compassion Fatigue: Psychotherapists’ Chronic Lack of Self Care. JCLP/In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 58(11), 1433–1441. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/CR_Figley/publication/320290701_Journal_of_Clinical_Psychology/links/59e1359aaca2724cbfdb73cd/Journal-of-Clinical-Psychology.pdf
Sabo, B. (2011). Reflecting on the Concept of Compassion Fatigue. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. 16(1). Online. http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-16-2011/No1-Jan-2011/Concept-of-Compassion-Fatigue.aspx
Austin et al (2009). Compassion Fatigue: The Experience of Nurses. Ethics & Social Welfare. 3(22), 195-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/17496530902951988
Decker et al (2015). Mindfulness, Compassion Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction among Social Work Interns . Journal of the North American Association of Christians in Social Work. 42(1). http://www.nacsw.org/RC/49993957.pdf#page=30
Abendroth, M. & Flannery, J. (2006). Predicting the Risk of Compassion Fatigue A Study of Hospice Nurses. JOURNAL OF HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE NURSING. 8(6), 346-356. http://www.compassionstrengths.com/uploads/Compassion_fatigue_nursing.pdf
Aycock, N. & Boyle, D. (2009). Interventions to Manage Compassion Fatigue in Oncology Nursing. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 13(2), 183-191. D.O.I.:10.1188/09.CJON.183-191
Sacco, T.L.; Ciurzynski, S.M.; Harvey, M.E.; and Ingersoll, G.L. (2015). "Compassion Satisfaction and Compassion Fatigue Among Critical Care Nurses." Critical Care Nurse 35.4, 32-42. https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=nursing_facpub
Compassion Fatigue. Youtube.
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Hello everybody,