Shock Waves - Science topic

The shock wave/boundary layer interaction at the tip of transonic shrouded rotor blades usually leads to severe flow separation, which seriously affects aerodynamic performance. In this paper, the effect of part-shroud treatment on the shock wave/boundary layer interaction was numerically investigated. The part-shroud treatment suppresses the shock...

The Eulerian–Lagrangian method is used to conduct the numerical simulation of the non-premixed two-phase rotating detonation wave (RDW) fueled by n-decane/air. The stratified spray detonation transient phenomena, as well as the effects of total temperature (850, 900, 1000 K) and equivalence ratio (0.5, 0.7, 1.0) on the RDW dynamics and propagation...

The muzzle flow field of underwater guns involves the interaction and reflection of shock waves within the propellant gas jet. When underwater guns are fired in series, the evolution of the shock wave structure in the muzzle flow field becomes more complex due to the superposition effect of the propellant gas jets. This study establishes a transien...

Decoupled charging explosion has become widely used in contour blasting due to its lower peak pressure and longer load duration, significantly affecting contour blasting effects. This study examines a decoupled charging test in three drilling boreholes with different diameters at a mine site. A self-developed polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) testin...

Blast neurotrauma has been linked to impairments in higher-order cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and mood. Current literature is limited to a single overpressure exposure or repeated exposures at the same level of overpressure. In this study, a rodent model of primary blast neurotrauma was employed to determine the pressure at whi...

The supersonic flow motions associated with infall of baryonic gas toward sheets and filaments, as well as cluster mergers, produces large-scale shock waves. The shocks associated with galaxy clusters can be classified mainly into two categories: internal shocks appear in the hot intracluster medium within the viral radius, and external accretion s...

In this article, the propagation of strong converging cylindrically symmetric shock waves in ideal dusty gas is studied using the Lie group technique while considering the effect of an axial magnetic field in a rotating gas atmosphere. The constant density in an undisturbed medium is assumed, whereas the magnetic field, the azimuthal, and axial com...

We study viscous transonic accretion flows in vertical equilibrium in Kerr geometry. We employ the pseudo-Kerr formalism that accurately describes transonic flows around Kerr black holes and is applicable for modeling observational data. We study the effects of viscosity on the nature of sonic points and the parameter space that allows an accretion...

The fingers known as bubbles (spikes) resulting from the penetration of light (heavy) fluids into heavy (light) fluids are significant large-scale features of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI). Through shock-tube experiments, we study finger collisions in light fluid layers under reshock conditions. Four unperturbed fluid layers with varying thic...

The ramp induced shock wave boundary layer interaction (RI-SWBLI) has been investigated experimentally at different ramp angles in a Ma = 3 flow. The shock unsteady nature has been examined in detail by using a semi-quantitative processing of Schlieren images. The shock-wave locations are extracted to allow spectral analysis of the shock-wave oscil...

Pressure-gain combustion (PGC) represents a promising alternative to conventional propulsion systems for interplanetary travel due to its key advantages, including higher thermodynamic efficiency, increased specific impulse, and more compact engine designs. However, to elevate this technology to a sufficient technology readiness level (TRL) for pra...

In this paper, we explore the use of the Virtual Element Method concepts to solve scalar and system hyperbolic problems on general polygonal grids. The new schemes stem from the active flux approach \cite{AF1}, which combines the usage of point values at the element boundaries with an additional degree of freedom representing the average of the sol...

Reynolds numbers at cruise altitude can be such that a laminar boundary layer persists on the suction side of a transonic fan blade up to the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SBLI). In a transitional SBLI which exhibits sufficiently large shock-induced separation, a shock oscillation mechanism characterized by growth and natural suppression o...

Convergence of cylindrical shock in argon is studied both experimentally and numerically. Shock tube experiments are conducted, where a planar shock is first transformed to a cylindrical shape and then converged to its focal axis. Numerical simulations of the converging shock using equations of state for an ideal gas and a real gas (SESAME 5173 mod...

This study computationally examined the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) evolution in a helium backward-triangular bubble immersed in monatomic argon, diatomic nitrogen, and polyatomic methane under planar shock wave interactions. Using high-fidelity numerical simulations based on the compressible Navier–Fourier equations based on the Boltzmann–...

This study computationally examined the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) evolution in a helium backward-triangular bubble immersed in monatomic argon, diatomic nitrogen, and polyatomic methane under planar shock wave interactions. Using high-fidelity numerical simulations based on the compressible Navier-Fourier equations based on the Boltzmann-...

This study investigates the arbitrary amplitude high-frequency electron-acoustic (EA) solitary waves (EASWs) in a multi-component magnetoplasma consisting of inertial fluid cold electrons and inertialess Kaniadakis distributed hot electrons and stationary positive ions. The Sagdeev potential approach is implemented to derive the energy-balance equa...

This study investigates the evolution of dispersive shock wave (DSW) solutions within the focusing and defocusing cylindrical modified Korteweg-de Vries (cmKdV(f)) and (cmKdV(d)) equations under Riemann-type initial conditions. Using Whitham modulation theory, we derive and numerically solve the Whitham systems, enabling a comparison between these...

In this paper, we construct a solution to the Riemann problem for an inhomogeneous non-strictly hyperbolic system of two equations, which is a corollary of the Euler–Poisson equations without pressure [5]. These equations can be considered for cases of attractive and repulsive forces as well as for cases of zero and nonzero underlying density backg...

Images of compressible flows can be post-processed with digital imaging techniques to obtain accurate quantitative information about variables characterizing the flow. For example, the local flow Mach number can be obtained from the angle of Mach lines visualized with the schlieren method. These techniques were recently applied to supersonic flows...

This study presents a comprehensive numerical simulation of the aerodynamic behavior of an axisymmetric model featuring a spherical convex radome at transonic Mach numbers, employing the Comsol Multiphysics software package for advanced computational analysis. The primary focus is on the shock wave dynamics that develop at the upper section of the...

When a detonation wave hits a rigid wall, a reverse shock is created. This occurrence is common in closed pipe detonation experiments. To better comprehend the propagation dynamics of the reverse shock, experiments were performed in a 2.5-meter-long detonation tube. Normal reflection, Mach reflection, and regular reflection of detonation are genera...

In aerodynamic shape optimization, geometric parameterized variables have a significant impact on the flow field, thereby influencing both the effectiveness and efficiency of the optimization process. This paper utilizes flow field data from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to develop a data-driven approach for analyzing the influence of geometri...

Objectives To develop a comprehensive scale that measures the three burden types of any treatment, including expected, unexpected (complications), and need for ancillary procedures. Methods A panel of experts created a scale that assessed the burden of all aspects of treatment, including hospitalization, anesthesia, surgery, and follow-up. The tot...

Shock wave boundary/layer interactions (SWBLIs) are critical in high-speed aerodynamic flows, particularly within supersonic regimes, where unsteady dynamics can induce structural fatigue and degrade vehicle performance. Conventional measurement techniques, such as pressure-sensitive paint (PSP), face limitations in frequency response, calibration...

Considered are interactive relationships between a normal shock wave and the downstream shock wave leg of the associated lambda foot, as well as between a normal shock wave and time-varying static pressure as measured along the bottom surface of the test section. Such relationships are investigated as they vary with two different magnitudes of inle...

In recent years, industrial explosion accidents are frequent, causing serious negative influences on society. Mechanical shock waves, as a typical destructive factor in explosion accidents, can cause serious personal injury and building damage. In addition, actual explosion accidents usually involve heat sources, harming protective materials and pe...

Gas curtain launch is an innovative method for underwater gun firing that enhances efficiency by creating a gas curtain. This gas curtain interacts with post-projectile gas and the surrounding water, resulting in a complex multiphase flow field at the muzzle, which significantly impacts projectile accuracy. To investigate the evolution of this flow...

Transonic flight presents significant challenges due to complex phenomena such as shock waves and turbulent boundary layer interactions, often leading to flow separation and instabilities. This study aims to evaluate the performance of various turbulence models in predicting these phenomena using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS-Fluent...

Jiří Mucha’s documentary novel Peculiar Loves (1988) did much to promote the composers Vítězslava Kaprálová (1915–1940) and Bohuslav Martinů (1890–1959). Set in the Czech artists colony in Paris during the late 1930s, the book brought to life, for example, what an astonishing musical personality Kaprálová had been: Kaprálová had been clearly revere...

Laser shock ablation is incorporated into laser shock imprinting for the fabrication of papillary composite microstructures on aluminum surfaces. The primary papillary structures are fabricated using laser shock imprinting. Subsequently, secondary structures were fabricated on the surface of these primary structures using laser shock ablation, form...

In this paper we focus on a discrete physical model describing granular crystals, whose equations of motion can be described by a system of differential difference equations (DDEs). After revisiting earlier continuum approximations, we propose a regularized continuum model variant to approximate the discrete granular crystal model through a suitabl...

The thermovacuum process offers an efficient and cost-effective method for producing nanomaterials by ensuring the continuous flow of dispersed material inside a spiral heating element. This is achieved by introducing the material into the heating element's cavity along with air, forming a two-phase gas-solid particle system. The material moves upw...

The key objective of this study is to examine the nonlinear Time-fractional generalized Kawahara equation N-TF-GKE, a significant nonlinear equation that appears in a variety of physical domains, including ion-acoustic waves in plasmas, shallow water waves, and nonlinear acoustics. This Equation exhibits complex dynamic properties, most notably the...

Laser peening is a surface treatment designed to improve fatigue life by introducing compressive residual stress via laser-induced shock waves. However, there is currently no simple method of evaluating the depth of a compressive residual stress layer in a production factory. The author attempted to propose a simple evaluation method using a sheet-...

The wavy interface and its formation mechanism in magnesium–aluminum joints fabricated by electromagnetic pulse welding are investigated. This work reveals the wavy interfaces are produced by the shock wave-induced Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability. The shock wave generated at the collision point propagates forward along the collision angle and un...

In sunspot umbrae, the core of some chromospheric lines exhibits periodic brightness enhancements known as umbral flashes. The consensus is that they are produced by the upward propagation of shock waves. This view has recently been challenged by the detection of downflowing umbral flashes and the confirmation of the existence of a resonant cavity...

The accurate testing of plasma temperature and electron density and shock wave pressure during an electroburst in a copper foil transducer is critical for the characterization of the detonation performance of its elements. In this paper, the sequence of interferograms during the detonation of a copper foil transducer is captured at a frame rate of...

First predicted by Richtmyer in 1960 and experimentally confirmed by Meshkov in 1969, the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) is crucial in fields such as physics, astrophysics, inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics. These disciplines often deal with strong shocks moving through condensed materials or high-pressure plasmas tha...

Cavitation is a dynamic process characterized by the formation, growth, and collapse of vapor or gas vacuoles in liquids or at the liquid–solid interface, initiated by a local pressure drop. This phenomenon releases concentrated energy through microjet impacts and shock waves, leading to a violent exchange of energy with the surrounding environment...

In developing countries, the quality of driving infrastructure, specifically road conditions, is often suboptimal, presenting challenges and limitations for motorists. However, current traffic flow models have limitations in addressing problems caused by poor road networks. To address this issue, a new macroscopic traffic flow model has been propos...

A micro-forming model of laser cavitation impact foil was established by Abaqus software. The deformation process and mechanical effect of laser cavitation impact on the formability of copper foil were studied. The results show that the micro-forming process of copper foil consists of four stages, namely, the forming stage under the action of plasm...

The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the active influence on the location of the bow shock wave, as well as on the parameters of an aerodynamic body, of a gas discharge organized near the frontal surface, between the body and the bow shock wave. The research is carried out using both experimental and numerical methods at the freestrea...

The coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) method has shown good capability to simulate large deformation behavior in the blast response of complex structural and multi-physics systems. However, the published literature has not addressed blast wave characteristics in free open-air space or directly compared the results of such studies with experiments....

Soliton solutions play a crucial role in modeling stable phenomena across optical communications, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics, owing to their stability and persistence in solving nonlinear equations. This study centers on the extended Sakovich equation, emphasizing the importance of soliton solutions in predicting and controlling localized w...

We have experimentally investigated the collisionless shock acceleration of ions via the interaction of a relativistic intensity (3 × 10 ¹⁹ W/cm ² ), 1.053 µm wavelength laser pulse with an underdense plasma. This plasma is formed through the use of a novel cluster jet design that allows for control of the plasma peak density and front scale length...

The minimal masses and radii of proto-neutron stars during different stages of their evolution are investigated. In our work we focus on two stages, directly after the supernova shock wave moves outwards, where neutrinos are still captured in the core and the lepton per baryon ratio is fixed to $Y_L = 0.4$, and a few seconds afterwards, when all ne...

Anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) has proven successful in modeling the evolution of quark-gluon matter created in heavy-ion collisions. The hydrodynamic description of quark-gluon plasma has also been widely used to study sound phenomena, such as shock waves. It has recently been shown that initial fluctuations in energy density and supersonic pa...

Amber glass is widely used to pack a large number of industrial products. However, its waste is disposed of into landfills, which results in serious environmental concerns, and only a small amount of it is either reused or recycled. Recycling the glass offers reduction in the landfills and hence minimizes the adverse environmental impact. This stud...

In this paper, the aerodynamic performances including shock wave standoff distance (SSD) and heat flux of ELECTRE vehicle at 53.3 km and 4230 m/s for several types of numerical models are investigated. The numerical models include thermal equilibrium/nonequilibrium (1T/2T) assumption, three surface boundary conditions (no-slip/non-catalytic, slip/n...

Nuclear explosion in a densely populated area is the worst that can happen to any country in the world due to enormous loss of life, property and severe economic damage. Nuclear explosions immediately cause radiological damage and destruction of infrastructure. This hydro-magnetic shock propagation due to blast gives rise to simultaneous signals ar...

This paper presents an enhanced optical configuration for a single-pass quantitative Schlieren imaging system that achieves an optical resolution of approximately 4.6 micrometers. The modified setup decouples sensitivity from resolution, enabling independent optimization of these critical parameters. Using this high-resolution system, we conduct qu...

Introduction Understanding Blast Loads Blast loads, defined by the rapid and intense pressures resulting from releasing explosive energy, impose considerable challenges to the structural integrity and safety of buildings and infrastructure. These loads, which are characterized by high pressure, shock waves, very small duration, and high impulse, ca...

The cloud–cloud collision is one of the primary mechanisms proposed for forming massive stars. In addition to astronomical observations, plenty of numerical simulations have been conducted. However, relevant laboratory astrophysical studies remain relatively lacking. Using a magnetohydrodynamic simulation code, we simulate the collision of asymmetr...

Several new mathematical issues have been set for the development of high-speed transport, which can be solved in the framework of hydrodynamics to describe the process of hydrodynamics, creating effective rolling stock dampers. which requires the improvement and development of the corresponding mathematical apparatus. In this work, we use a hydrod...

Context. Shock waves driven by fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are considered to be very efficient particle accelerators and are involved in the production of solar energetic particle (SEP) events. These events cause space weather phenomena by disturbing the near-Earth radiation environment. In past studies, we analysed statistically th...

A high-fidelity finite volume scheme based on the BVD (boundary variation diminishing) principle is proposed in this study to solve ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. A hybrid spatial reconstruction profile, based on a quadratic polynomial and a steepness-adjustable hyperbolic tangent function, is adopted to reproduce accurate solutions of...

The collapse of a vapour bubble over a material surface has been widely studied over the past few decades, but a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the cavitation dynamics and its effects on solid materials at the mesoscale (nanometre up to micrometre), which would be of particular interest in applications exploiting cavitation power, is st...

Experiments on the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) in a dual driver vertical shock tube (DDVST) are described. An initially planar, stably stratified membraneless interface is formed by flowing air from above and sulfur hexafluoride from below the interface location using the method of Jones & Jacobs ( Phys. Fluids , vol. 9, issue 1997, 1997, p...

The escalating requirements for thermal management in advanced high-performance aviation engines necessitate the injection of aviation fuels under near- and supercritical conditions. The jet morphology both exterior and interior to the nozzle of aviation kerosene jets, injected from near-critical and supercritical states into a quasi-quiescent, nea...

Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technology and high-order methods are important means to improve the quality of simulation results and have been hotspots in the computational fluid dynamics community. In this paper, high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and direct DG (DDG) finite element methods are developed based on a parallel adaptive Cartesian...

We perform a stability analysis of the Vectorial Lattice-Boltzmann Method (VLBM). The VLBM has been introduced in [1–3, 9, 18]. It is a variant of the LBM with extended stability features: it allows handling compressible flows with shock waves, while the LBM is limited to low-Mach number regime. The stability analysis is based on the Legendre trans...

In laser-driven indirect inertial confinement fusion (ICF), a hohlraum--a cavity constructed from high-Z materials--serves the purpose of converting laser energy into thermal x-ray energy. This process involves the interaction of low-density ablated plasmas, which can give rise to weakly collisional shock waves characterized by a Knudsen number $K_...