Sex Ratio - Science topic

The sex ratio is helpful in understanding the recruitment pattern of fish in the population. During the course of study 516 specimens of exotic fish species, Oreochromis niloticus (290 males and 216 females) were considered for the studies of sex ratio and sex structure in August 2011 to June 2012 from the Yamuna river at Allahabad (now Prayagraj),...

Ejaculate volume and sex ratios were checked for correlations in the red millipede genus Centrobolus. There was a significant relationship between ejaculate volumes and sex ratio (Kendall's τ: r=-0.27854301, Z score=-120000, n=8, p=0). This suggests the pattern of mate guarding was positively associated with ejaculate volume and the intensity of in...

Despite advances in ocean science, potential uncertainty continues to surround the stock dynamics of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the Indian Ocean. Fork-length (FL) data from 31,404 sharks, collected by observers between 2006 and 2022, were analyzed in this study. Population structure analysis revealed spatial, seasonal, and size variability...

Objective In this study, we examined whether levosimendan could lower B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure who have diuretic resistance and low ejection fraction. Methods We conducted a cohort study among 120 participants from September 2022 to August 2023. We investigated the efficacy of tre...

The chemical ecology and host plant preferences of the different Conistra species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Xylenini) are mostly unknown, even though they are essential components of the herbivorous assemblages of temperate zone forests. During field studies, (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14Ac) was identified as a sex attractant of Conistra vaccini...

Background The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and studying the influence of early-life and parental factors on the semen traits of boars. The dataset included measurements on 449,966 ejaculates evaluated using a Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) system from 5692 artificial insemination (AI) boars. In total, we co...

Background The Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) has recently been recognized as a partial migrant in China. The resident population of this species is primarily recorded in southern China, which is not only the traditional wintering range, but also the southernmost breeding sites. However, little information is known about their abundance and habit...

Background The incidence of geriatric cancer is rising exponentially, with two-thirds of cases in low- and middle-income countries. In India, the leading cancers among the elderly are lung and prostate cancer in men, and breast and cervical cancer in women. Survival is influenced by cancer type, stage, overall health, comorbidities, and treatment o...

This study examined the reproductive biology of Hydrocynus forskahlii in the Lower River Benue with specific objectives of estimating sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and fecundity. A total of 134 fish samples were collected biweekly at Wadata landing site between November 2022 to January 2023. Samples were collected from catches of fishermen a...

Background: Limited empirical evidence exists about the extent to which the COVID-19 infection affect HIV epidemic in Africa. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence, risk factors and socio-demographic characteristics of patients attending Faith Alive Foundation clinic for diagnosis and treatment before and after the COVID era. Methodol...

Introduction The causes of cytopenias are numerous, and the bone marrow aspirate helps to identify them. In rare cases, these cytopenias are due to bone marrow metastases from solid cancers. The techniques used in hematology laboratories are limited in characterizing these cells. Interaction with the cytopathology laboratory becomes critical for ch...

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) have a high reproductive potential. This aspect of their biology has been studied at several locations; however, most of these studies have had either short time frames (e.g., 1-2 years), encompassed large areas/regions or widespread multiple locations, revealed inconsistent results, or completely lacked certain types of data...

Objective: To determine the epidemiological and lesional aspects of sexual abuse and physical aggression among children admitted to a pediatric surgery unit. Patients and methods: This retrospective and descriptive study concerned all children under the age of 16 who were victims of sexual abuse and physical aggression admitted to Pediatric Surgery...

Diabetic foot is a formidable complication of diabetes mellitus. It is frequent and serious, with a very high rate of amputation of pelvic limbs and dramatic socioeconomic and psychological consequences. Objective: To study the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of diabetic feet in the emergency department of the Brazzaville Univer...

Background: The DRC has demonstrated its commitment to progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). The functioning of health facilities in Mbujimayi city is limited by several factors that must be considered if universal health coverage is to be achieved. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the use of curative services and...

Quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques, including R1, R2*, and magnetic susceptibility mapping, have emerged as promising tools for generating surrogate imaging markers of brain tissue microstructure, enabling non-invasive in vivo measurements associated with myelination and iron deposition. Gaining insights into how these quantitative measurements evo...

The invasive European green crab ( Carcinus spp.) has become a significant ecological concern due to its rapid global spread and impact on coastal ecosystems. In the Southwestern Atlantic, the northernmost population was recently recorded in the San Matías Gulf, providing an opportunity to study its demographic and life-history traits at the leadin...

Biased birth sex ratios have been documented in many mammalian populations, but it is often difficult to know whether they result from biases in the sex ratio at conception and/or sex differences in prenatal mortality. It is generally admitted that there is an excess of males at conception and a higher level of mortality during gestation for males...

The effects of lifetime feeding of hydrolyzed yeast (HY) to broiler breeders (BB) on egg production, egg quality, and hatchling attributes were investigated. The birds were selected from two groups reared on diets with or without 0.05 % HY from hatch. The birds were placed for the current study at 22 weeks of age (woa) in 16-floor pens (20 ♀ and 2...

This paper presents a comprehensive picture of population and development transition in Moradabad division with a view to highlight population concerns and development challenges that the Division faces. Moradabad Division is one of the most densely populated and under-developed Division of Uttar Pradesh. At the same time, population transition in...

Background: Cancer chemotherapy is often associated with adverse effects that may be responsible for impaired quality of life. Our aim was to describe the quality of life of patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy at PZAGA Hospital in Mahajanga. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted between November 1, 2019 and October 31, 2...

Woodwasps (Siricidae and Xiphydriidae) inhabit living, weakened, or freshly dead trees and their larvae feed on sapwood. Siricidae have been intensively researched for pest management. In contrast, the ecology of Xiphydriidae remains largely unknown. In the present study, we collected xiphydriid woodwasp adults and dissected female adults to elucid...

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) poses a significant threat to tomato crops worldwide. Following its detection in the Mediterranean basin, considerable efforts have been made to develop biological control programs against this pest. The larval parasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is widely dist...

Beach mass stranding events of marine organisms, widely documented worldwide, are triggered by a range of biotic and abiotic environmental factors, often unexplained. Such occurrences among pelagic crustaceans are less frequent, yet not uncommon. Here we studied mass mortality events of hyperiid amphipods—abundant members of pelagic zooplankton, co...

Objectives: Low-grade metabolic inflammation is associated with several chronic metabolic disorders, including obesity. However, no concrete evidence that supports obesity as a direct cause of chronic inflammation. This study aims to identify the association of inflammation with obesity in apparently healthy adults. Methods: In this study, 162 seem...

Introduction Aortic stenosis (AS) and pulmonic stenosis (PS) are two of the most common canine congenital heart diseases (CHD), with a high relative risk for Newfoundland dogs to develop inherited subvalvular AS. For this reason, a cardiovascular screening program has been set up by the French Newfoundland kennel club in order to manage mattings an...

Dimensions of the pelvic and skull bones are known to be sexually dimorphic in various population groups. The recovery of these bones is potentially beneficial in estimating the sex in forensic cases. Since both bones are not always available for forensic analysis, standards for sex estimation must be established for other bones of the postcranial...

This study investigates the reproductive biology of Holothuria arguinensis over one year (December 2016 to December 2017) from two locations on the Atlantic coast of Morocco: Skhirat (North Atlantic) and Souiria K’dima (Central Atlantic), including the sex ratio, size at sexual maturity, and reproductive cycle. Monthly sampling was carried out, alo...

Compared to our closest primate relatives, human life history involves greater longevity, which includes a distinctive postmenopausal life stage. Given mammalian reproductive physiology in which females build a finite stock of cells that can become oocytes early in life, which then continuously deplete mostly through cell death while males produce...

Background: Over the last few decades the incidence of cleft palate has been increasing across the world. There are several genetic and environmental factors are reported to be among the causative agents of cleft palate. Theres scarcity of data with regards to the seasonality and the occurance of cleft palate among sri Lankans. Hence, the purpose o...

Introduction. La perforation intestinale typhique est une urgence chirurgicale, responsable d’une péritonite avec atteintes multi-viscérales, chez les patients des classes sociales basses. Cette étude a pour objectif de décrire le profil épidémio-clinique des cas de perforations intestinales typhiques, de déterminer le pronostic ainsi que les facte...

Monthly samples of Pagellus erythrinus were collected on the El-Kala coast (eastern Algeria) from March 2023 to February 2024, as part of a study to analyze the main reproductive parameters of this demersal species, including sex ratio, gonado-somatic and hepatosomatic indices, size at first sexual maturity and seasonal variations in these indices....

A global, accurate estimation of the Southern Gelada (Theropithecus gelada obscurus, Heuglin 1863) population is poorly available. This study aimed to investigate the population size and structure of the Southern Gelada in the Abune Yosef Zigit Community Conservation Area. Population counts were done at six counting blocks covering both the dry and...

Background: Cell phone is very important and wonderful communicative tools used by all age group people especially young generation. Extra sense of security and safety is probably one of the main reasons parents even consider getting a younger child a cell phone. This study was designed to assess perception of the people about young generations ind...

Introduction: Valvular heart diseases, often linked to rheumatic heart disease, represent a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study reports the preliminary outcomes of surgical treatment for valvular heart diseases initiated at the Yaoundé General Hospital (YGH) by an entirely local team. Materials and Methods: Bet...

Community science provides a valuable approach for population monitoring, offering benefits such as public engagement, cost‐effectiveness and broad geographic coverage. Seahorses are excellent candidates for community science monitoring because they are iconic and sedentary and because their cryptic nature and patchy distribution hampers formal pro...

The study investigated effect of melatonin (MEL) on reproductive indices in untreated females mated with F1 male rats exposed in utero and via lactation to mixture of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP), and in the resulting F2 male rats. Sixty pregnant dams obtained via overnight mating of 72 nulliparous females with sexually mature males in...

Objectif : Etudier les aspects diagnostics, thérapeutiques et évolutifs des affections rhumatismales inflammatoires de l’enfant au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou MAGA (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique à recueil rétrospectif sur cinq ans (avr...

Objectif : Étudier le profil clinique de la goutte de 2028 à 2023 au Bénin. Patients et méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale rétrospective ayant porté sur des patients atteints de goutte dans le service de rhumatologie du Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU HKM) de Cotonou. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-deux...

In protected cropping systems such as greenhouses and indoor farming, augmentative biological control depends on release rates, establishment, and reproduction of natural enemies. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used to enhance plant growth in these systems and are increasingly implemented in mass-rearing facilities for natural enemies. How...

A field experiment was carried out during the year summer seasons (February to May) of 2019–2021 in at Horticulture Instructional Farm, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar Gujarat (385 506), India to study the effect of GA3 on growth, sex expression and yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.). Plant growth...

Background: Emerging evidence highlights a concerning prevalence of accommodative and convergence anomalies in individuals with opioid use disorder. However, there remains a significant scarcity of data comparing accommodative functions of opium users and non-users. Hence, we investigated potential changes in accommodative functions of opium users...

Solitary wild bees play a key role as pollinators of wild plants and crops, but they are increasingly at risk from anthropogenic global change, such as climate warming. However, how warmer temperature during overwintering affects reproductive success of those bees remains largely unknown. In a semi-field experiment we assessed individual life-long...

Adult males of many nonhuman primate species utter characteristic loud calls that are audible over long distances and serve various functions. In response to large terrestrial predators, male vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) produce loud ‘barks’ that alert group members and are assumed to deter predators. It is less well known that male ver...

This study empirically tests the role of population structure in the process of digital financial inclusion empowering the upgrading of consumption structure by taking 248 prefecture-level cities between 2013 and 2019 as the research objects. The results of this study are as follows. First, digital financial inclusion will expand the scale of consu...

In many populations, unequal numbers of females and males reproduce each generation. This imbalance in the breeding sex ratio (BSR) shapes patterns of genetic variation on the sex chromosomes and the autosomes in distinct ways. Despite recognition of this phenomenon, effects of the BSR on some aspects of variation remain unclear, especially for pop...

Vampire crabs (Geoseserma sp.) are freshwater crabs that inhabit humid tropical forest ecosystems, such as the Menoreh Mountain. These crabs play an important role in the ecosystem as detrivores and a food source for other organisms. However, resesearch on their feeding habitat is still limited, leaving gaps in knowledge regarding their dietary pre...

The intensity and direction of sexual selection are intricately linked to the social and ecological context. Both operational sex ratios (OSRs) and population densities can affect the ability of males to monopolize resources and mates, and thus the form and intensity of sexual selection on them. Here, we studied how the mating system of the promisc...

Introduction : le traumatisme thoracique est grave lorsqu’il entraîne une défaillance respiratoire et/ou hémodynamique pouvant engager le pronostic vital. L’objectif était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des traumatismes thoraciques graves (TTG) à l’Hôpital Général de Référence (HGR) de Niamey. Patients e...

Global trends in marine turtle nesting numbers vary by region, influenced by environmental or anthropogenic factors. Our study investigates the potential role of past temperature fluctuations on these trends, particularly whether warmer beaches are linked to increased nesting due to higher female production (since sea turtles have temperature‐depen...

Demographic research on ancient populations stands as a crucial endeavor for the bioarchaeological reconstruction of societies. This study delves into the comparison of demographic characteristics between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Georgia. Utilizing bone material, the research compiled mortality tables to analyze parameters such a...

Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to non-invasively estimate the blood flow of different organs via compartmental modeling. Out of different PET tracers, water labeled with the radioactive $$^{15}$$ 15 O isotope of oxygen (half-life of 2.04 min) is freely diffusable, and therefore, very well-suited for blood flow quantification...

This study aimed to determine the composition of the fecal microflora of pigs fed with feed mixtures containing pulses and meals. Two experiments were performed with growing pigs. In their feed mixtures, GM soybean meal was replaced with either peas or blue lupine, and the modified mixtures were further fortified with rapeseed meal. Three-breed pig...

In South Africa, Eldana saccharina is a major pest in sugarcane and significantly reduces sugarcane yield. Over the years, scientists have attempted to manage pests using a variety of tactics, including insecticides and biological control. The South African Sugarcane Research Institute has been conducting novelty research using the sterile insect t...

This study aimed to determine the thermosensitive period and effect of temperature on sex differentiation in L. polyactis. The results showed that the male-biased sex ratio was 50.9, 57.8, and 97.9 % in the 18, 24, and 31℃ groups at 90 days post-fertilization (dpf), respectively. Additionally, eggs, larvae, or juvenile fish were transferred from un...

Background As depressed patients often fail to seek help and obtain treatment on time for reasons such as stigma and lack of treatment resources, research on self-management for depressed patients is crucial. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing self-management in depression patients from the perspectives of both patients and psychia...

Background Recently, a total of 74 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 39 countries, with 672 confirmed Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases identified in 27 countries. Despite progress, Niger experienced cVDPV outbreaks in 2018, highlighting the importance of maintaining AFP surveillance as a tool for polio era...

Introduction : la tuberculose pharmaco-résistante (TB-R) est l’actuelle préoccupation majeure des programmes nationaux de lutte contre la tuberculose. La surveillance de l’épidémiologie de la TB-R permet d’élaborer des stratégies efficaces de lutte contre cette maladie. Les objectifs étaient de décrire l’évolution des facteurs épidémiologiques, de...

The shoot and fruit borer of eggplant, Leucinodes orbonalis, is known to cause huge crop losses and reduce the marketability of the produce. In the current scenario of increased insecticide resistance in pests and concern for ecological sustainability, pest management using target-specific biomolecules such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can be an...

The development of the mass rearing technique for the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi has been under study for about 20 years, with increasing attention on the development of quality control. Here, we evaluated the behavior, biological parameters, morphometrics and presence of endosymbionts of T. podisi produced in cryopreserved eggs compared to th...

Objectif : Déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs associés au portage digestif des entérobactéries productrices de Béta-lactamase à Spectre Elargi chez des patients hospitalisés au Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales à Abidjan (SMIT). Matériels et Méthode : Les patients hospitalisés de Mars 2019 à Février 2020 sans pathologie digestiv...

The pod-sucking bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, is a key pest of cowpea, an important food legume in West Africa. Gryon fulviventre, an egg parasitoid of this pest is a potential biological control agent and proved that inoculative or inundative releases in cowpea fields boost its natural parasitism rates. The current study aimed to determine som...

Objectif : Identifier les étiologies des fièvres aigues de l’enfant en milieu rural de Zoukougbeu. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective, menée sur les dossiers des enfants vus au centre de santé Saint Michel pour fièvre aigue de janvier 2019 à décembre 2020. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel Epi Info version 7...

Résumé Peu d’études sont disponibles sur l’écologie et la biologie d’Aeshna subarctica elisabethae en France. Le travail mené en 2020 sur deux tourbières de la Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Ballons-Comtois dans le département de Haute-Saône apporte des éléments sur la cinétique d’émergence, le sex-ratio et la phénologie de ce taxon pour le massi...

Characterizing how organisms respond to transient temperatures may further our understanding of their susceptibility to climate change. Past studies in the freshwater turtle, Trachemys scripta, have demonstrated that the timing and duration of heat waves can have major implications for the response of genes involved in gonadal development and the p...

Patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) may remain a source of infection longer than rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (RS-TB). The objective of this study was to detect active cases of rifampicin-susceptible and -resistant tuberculosis in displaced persons sites in the 9th District of N’Djamena. This observational, cross-sectiona...

Male-killing bacterial symbionts, prevalent in arthropods, skew population sex ratios by selectively killing male progeny, profoundly impacting ecology and evolution of their hosts. Male-killing is a convergently evolved trait, with microbes evolving diverse male-killing mechanisms across host species with widely divergent sex determination pathway...

Background Chlamydia is common among women of reproductive age and can cause serious health issues. This study aimed to examine the trends and factors linked to newly diagnosed and reported chlamydia cases in women aged 15–49 in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2020. Methods We included all newly diagnosed and reported chlamydia cases from January...