Sensor Technology - Science topic

The OSA-CBM specification is a standard architecture for moving information in a condition-based maintenance system. A more in-depth look reveals a way to reduce costs, improve interoperability, increase competition, incorporate design changes, and further cooperation in realm of condition-based maintenance. The open system architecture for conditi...

The prospect of wide-scale development of automated vehicles (AVs) is due to advances in, e.g., robotics, computational power, communications, sensor technologies, and the recognition performance by using artificial intelligence technology. AV brings novel interactions to human users as drivers, passengers, and other human traffic partners undoubte...

Image super-resolution is a well-established research problem in computer vision, aimed at improving the quality of low-resolution images. The advancement of machine learning algorithms has introduced innovative methods for image super-resolution. This topic is particularly significant in remote sensing, where access to high-resolution images and a...

Bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) has been implemented widely because of its durability and practicability compared to other weigh-in-motion technologies. As the standard BWIM algorithm utilizes strain measurement, studies focusing the use of displacement and acceleration have been investigated along with the rapid development of sensor technology. Des...

Accurate and miniaturized gas sensing has become increasingly essential for real-time environmental monitoring and industrial safety. This study proposes a computationally enhanced microelectronic gas sensing platform that combines a compact metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor array with machine learning algorithms for selective multi-gas detect...

HVAC systems consume around 40 % of a building’s energy, making them a primary target for reducing energy use and CO2 emissions. Traditional optimization and fault detection methods may no longer meet critical efficiency and thermal comfort standards. Artificial intelligence models, supported by improved sensor technology, offer powerful solutions...

This study investigates the instability and collapse behavior of sandwich arch structures with functionally graded material (FGM) face sheets and a metal core. The FGM domain is homogenized using the Mori–Tanaka approach. The third-order shear deformation theory is employed to approximate the in-plane displacement field, incorporating geometrically...

Advances in sensor technology and automation have ushered in an era of data abundance, where the ability to identify and extract relevant information in real time has become increasingly critical. Traditional filtering approaches, which depend on a priori knowledge, often struggle to adapt to dynamic or unanticipated data features. Machine learning...

ion There is increasing pressure on the aviation sector to raise safety standards while cutting expenses and prolonging the life of aircraft. Conventional preventive maintenance techniques frequently lead to needless component replacements and significant operational disruptions, even though they are effective in guaranteeing regulatory compliance....

Advancements in sensor technology, data analytics, affordable compute, and communication infrastructure have paved the way for Digital Twin technology in optimizing building operations and controls. This study presents the development of an open and interoperable web-based Digital Twin platform for integrating diverse data streams and facilitating...

This study introduces the Spatial–Temporal Attention (STA) network for early accident prediction from dashcam recordings. The primary aim is to leverage advancements in artificial intelligence and sensor technologies to enhance road safety. The research question focuses on whether the STA network can effectively identify crucial temporal segments a...

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is widely used as an insulating gas in high-voltage electrical equipment due to its excellent dielectric properties. However, its decomposition under electrical discharges can generate toxic and corrosive byproducts such as H2S, SO2, SOF2, and SO2F2, which pose serious threats to insulation integrity and the reliability of...

Objective Medication adherence (MA) is crucial to patient treatment and vital for therapeutic outcomes. Due to its ability to continuously monitor a patient's MA behavior, the recent focus on sensor technology for MA monitoring is a promising development. The primary objective of this research is to implement sensor devices/smart wearables powered...

We present a table-top light source of continuously tunable quasi-monochromatic vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) coupled to a custom-built photoionization detector and demonstrate its capacity to induce photoionization in trace levels of volatile organic compounds at ambient saturated vapor pressure. A high-power pulsed monochromatic laser powers an optica...

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess exceptional mechanical and dynamic properties, making them indispensable for diverse applications such as nanoelectromechanical systems, sensor technologies, energy storage devices and composite material design. However, a more accurate, efficient and systematic analysis of their vibrational behaviour...

Localization plays a crucial role in the navigation capabilities of autonomous robots, and while indoor environments can rely on wheel odometry and 2D LiDAR-based mapping, outdoor settings such as agriculture and forestry, present unique challenges that necessitate real-time localization and consistent mapping. Addressing this need, this paper intr...

The integration of electronic nose (E-nose) technology with artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing fault diagnosis in the automotive industry. Traditional diagnostic systems rely heavily on error codes, physical inspections, and driver feedback. However, modern vehicles are increasingly equipped with advanced sensors capable of identifying...

Collisions are the most common type of marine accidents, reflecting the continued significance of human influence despite advances in modern navigation technology. Despite being equipped with hi-tech sensor technology and a larger focus on Maritime Education and Training (MET) that improves seafarer abilities to navigate at sea safely, human error...

The study of fire dynamics is largely concerned with gaining an understanding of the factors that control the transport of heat and the propagation of flames. It is vital to have a comprehensive understanding of these systems in order to accurately forecast the behavior of fires and to devise ways that are efficient in suppressing them. Numerous de...

Potatoes benefit from irrigation management because of the significant effect of irrigation on both yield and quality. Precise irrigation of potatoes is challenging due to multiple factors, including their shallow root zone, daily evapotranspiration (ET) rates, and sensitivity to soil moisture fluctuations. These factors make it difficult to mainta...

In this article, the current state of the art in the area of autonomously working and mobile robots used for inspections in deep underground mining and exploration is described, and directions for future development are highlighted. The increasing demand for CRMs (critical raw materials) and deeper excavations pose a higher risk for people and requ...

This clinical case study examines the role of continuous physiological monitoring via wearable sensor technology in the prediction and potential prevention of significant cardiac events in a high-risk patient. We present the case of a 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia who experienced prodromal physiological changes,...

Perovskite materials, with their outstanding optoelectronic properties, low cost, solution‐processability, and scalability, have emerged as promising candidates in the field of sensors. Despite extensive exploration into the photoelectric properties and traditional applications (e.g., gas sensing) of perovskite sensors, there has been limited focus...

This review article critically examines the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and wireless technology into polymer composites, highlighting its transformative potential in materials science. The focus is on real-time monitoring of key parameters such as temperature, stress, strain, humidity, and environmental exposure, which are essen...

This paper explores the emerging field of smart implants, focusing on the integration of sensor technology and data analytics to revolutionize patient care. By embedding miniature sensors within implantable medical devices, real-time physiological data can be collected, transmitted, and analyzed. This approach facilitates continuous monitoring of i...

Over the past two decades, solid-state light sources based on fluorescent converted In1-xGaxN or Al1-xGaxN LEDs have established themselves as the light source of the modern age and have largely replaced inefficient incandescent and fluorescent lamps on the market. LEDs not only impress with their high energy efficiency, but also with their flexibl...

With the widespread deployment of traffic sensors and the continuous advancement of sensor technology, accurate traffic prediction has become increasingly feasible. However, existing traffic prediction methods face significant challenges in addressing the inherent uncertainty present in traffic data. These methods typically rely on deterministic mo...

Lack of fresh water and population explosion are major sustainability challenges globally. Water management is closely linked to sustainable development goals (SDGs), as water is fundamental to sustainable development and plays a role in achieving all SDG targets, either directly or indirectly. This article explores the potential of sensor-based re...

In this study, we examine the possibility of using MoS 2 monolayers doped with phosphorus atoms as a sensor for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas by making use of density functional theory (DFT), employed with the SIESTA code. MoS 2 has shown great potential in nanoelectronics and sensing because of its distinct electronic characteristics, particularly in...

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) in power plant systems is a rapidly evolving field driven by the increasing complexity of industrial infrastructure and the demand for reliability, safety, and predictive maintenance. This review presents a structured and data-driven synthesis of 185 peer-reviewed articles, sourced from journals indexed in MDPI a...

Chronoamperometry (CA) is a fundamental electrochemical technique used for quantifying redox-active species. However, in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), the high viscosity and slow mass transport often lead to extended measurement durations. This paper presents a novel mathematical regression approach that reduces CA measurement windows to...

This study focuses on the utilization of advanced materials in sensing of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Many nnanomaterials like iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), display great sensitivity and specificity in MP sensing when measured by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The growing prevalence of mic...

This systematic review investigates the design and performance of pH-control and chemical dosing systems for acid-base neutralization in industrial effluent treatment, emphasizing their importance in ensuring regulatory compliance and environmental sustainability. As industrial activities discharge significant volumes of acidic and alkaline wastes,...

Sensors that can be portable and easy to read out are highly attractive for point‐of‐care. However, such sensors often suffer from low sensitivity for real‐life applications. Manipulating light interactions with materials to enhance sensitivity and ease of recognition has emerged as a promising approach. This review first introduces several color‐c...

Surface roughness is a key factor influencing the safety, comfort, and overall quality of bicycle lanes, which are increasingly integrated into urban transportation systems worldwide. This study aims to assess and quantify the roughness of bicycle lanes in Sejong City, Republic of Korea, by utilizing accelerometer-based sensor technologies. Five st...

Condition monitoring and fault detection have emerged as critical processes in modern industrial maintenance, enabling early identification of potential equipment failures and reducing unexpected downtime. These techniques serve as the foundation for predictive maintenance strategies, enhancing operational efficiency and safety across various secto...

Forensic science has evolved significantly over the past decades, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance the accuracy and speed of criminal investigations. One of the most promising innovations in this field is the integration of nanophotonic sensors. These sensors, which exploit the interaction of light with nanostructured materials, offer un...

The increasing complexity of water quality challenges, including the need for effective disinfection and the removal of emerging contaminants, necessitates innovative solutions. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things into water management systems, presenting a next-generation approach to dynamic op...

Major domains such as logistics, healthcare, and smart cities increasingly rely on sensor technologies and distributed infrastructures to monitor complex processes in real time. These developments are transforming the data landscape from discrete, structured records stored in centralized systems to continuous, fine-grained, and heterogeneous event...

With the advancement of sensor technologies such as LiDAR and depth cameras, the significance of three-dimensional point cloud data in autonomous driving and environment sensing continues to increase.Point cloud registration stands as a fundamental task in constructing high-precision environmental models, with particular significance in overlapping...

Inductive loop sensors are widely deployed across the U.S. and can provide vehicle classification data with comparable accuracy to the current axle-based sensor systems when they are enhanced with the inductive signature technology and advanced machine learning models. However, the existing truck population is expected to turnover and be replaced w...

Mass spectrometry (MS), which is renowned for its high sensitivity and molecular specificity, serves as a cornerstone of modern analytical chemistry. However, the field applications of MS are constrained by bulky instrumentation and operational complexity. The integration of miniaturized MS with ambient ionization has revolutionized analytical work...

Because asset management is essential in engineering systems, the rapid spread of real-time condition monitoring technology has occurred. In this paper, I discuss the significant role sensor technologies have in supporting continuous preventative maintenance. It outlines different sensors, including those for vibration, temperature, pressure, acous...

With the progress in sensor technology and the spread of mobile devices, transportation mode detection (TMD) is gaining importance for health and urban traffic improvements. As mobile devices become more lightweight, they require more efficient, low-power models to handle limited resources effectively. Despite extensive research on TMD, challenges...

The dynamic nature of construction environments imposes significant cognitive demands on workers lead to loss of productivity and safety risks. Optimizing cognitive capacity aligns with lean construction principles by reducing waste, overburden and enhancing workers' wellbeing, safety, and productivity. This study assesses the feasibility of eye-tr...

This study presents the development and comprehensive evaluation of an autonomous ground vehicle prototype designed specifically for the diverse and complex road conditions prevalent in India. The prototype incorporates a multi-sensor suite, including RP LIDAR A1M8, Intel RealSense Depth Camera, ultrasonic distance sensor HC-SR04, GPS sensor neo6m,...

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies offer transformative possibilities across industries. AR overlays virtual objects onto the real world, enabling workplace improvements like tailored task instructions, enhanced security, and stress visualization with 3D mesh models. VR focuses on immersive, multisensory experiences, allow...

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been among the most researched areas in the last ten or twenty years. Different sensor technologies and wireless communication contributed to the progress in this field, but two features of these systems are still insufficiently developed. These are data security and energy consumption. Data is particularly vuln...

Over‐humidification is a critical challenge to the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). This review evaluates current methods for detecting and quantifying over‐humidification, focusing on simulation, imaging, and sensor technologies. Each method is assessed based on five key criteria: precision, sensitivity, real‐t...

Real-time monitoring of soil health parameters is crucial for efficient use of resources, improving agricultural productivity, and sustainability. Traditional soil analysis methods, although accurate, are time-consuming and lack the spatial and temporal resolution necessary for dynamic agricultural environments. Recent advancements in sensor techno...

Polymer optical fibers (POFs) are promising candidates for sensor applications due to their high strain resistance, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. The performance of POF-based sensors can be enhanced through precise micro-processing of the fibers. However, conventional methods for observing POF cross-sections often fail to capture the detaile...

The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon where electrons are emitted from a metal surface when exposed to light of a certain frequency. Research indicates that the kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depends on the light frequency rather than its intensity. In the context of sensor technology, the photoelectric effect is utilized in various app...

Background Continuous monitoring of vital parameters using wearable devices offers potential benefits in palliative care, such as early detection of clinical deterioration and improving symptom management. However, evidence supporting their feasibility and utility in hospitalized palliative care patients remains scarce. Methods This prospective pi...

This chapter explores the transformative role of nanomaterials and nanosensors in enhancing data acquisition and process optimization across various industrial sectors. Nanomaterials, engineered at the nanoscale, exhibit unique physical, chemical, and electrical properties that significantly improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and speed of nanose...

This article provides a comprehensive review of the development of wearable devices in the field of healthcare. Key technologies such as sensor technology (e.g. electrochemistry, optics, etc.), micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), flexible electronics, and material innovation are described in detail, power and energy management strategies, sign...

Understanding plastics’ thermal and rheological properties in laser‐based powder bed fusion of plastics (PBF–LB/P) is a prerequisite for industrial applicability. During PBF–LB/P, prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures causes the aging of semicrystalline thermoplastics. Even though thermal aging can be revealed by material property changes, an...

Purpose: This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in fall prevention and monitoring systems designed for aged adults in residential care facilities. It aims to assess how AI-driven technologies can enhance safety, reduce fall-related injuries, and improve the quality of life among elderly residents.  Methodology: A compr...

An innovative real-time monitoring system was developed to evaluate the energy performance of an industrial refrigeration process. The system was implemented as a strategy for monitoring and controlling energy consumption. In this way, to reduce the ecological footprint and obtain economic benefits. The proposed system consists of a series of senso...

Smart luminescent materials have drawn a significant attention owing to their unique optical properties and versatility in sensor applications. These materials, encompassing a broad spectrum of organic, inorganic, and hybrid systems including quantum dots, organic dyes, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), offer tunable emission characteristics tha...

Predictive maintenance (PdM) has emerged as a strategic imperative in service operations, driven by the proliferation of sensor technologies and the availability of high-resolution usage data. This study explores the integration of multi-dimensional sensor data-including temperature, vibration, pressure, and operational cycles-with real-time usage...

Pilot behavior plays a critical role in ensuring flight safety. To provide a solid theoretical basis and technical support for improving flight safety, this paper focuses on the research of cockpit sensor technology for pilot behavior recognition and deeply analyzes various sensor technologies and their specific applications in pilot behavior monit...

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection system using infrared imaging demonstrates robust performance in both daytime and night time conditions. Although infrared sensor technology and UAV detection algorithms have been extensively studied, the identification of small UAVs in complex scenes remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we pro...

Assembly of the low-pressure turbine rotor (LPTR) of an aero-engine requires the principal shaft to be inserted along the center of the aero-engine shaft hole precisely. The application of appropriate sensors is imperative for ensuring these aspects. In this paper, a custom automated assembly system (AAS) is developed for the LPTR assembly. First,...

This study investigates the application of Infrared (IR) sensors for accident detection and prevention on curved roads in hilly region of Kashmir. The area’s narrow, winding roads with poor visibility, especially at sharp curves, pose significant safety challenges. The proposed model leverages IR sensors to detect oncoming vehicles at blind curves,...

This master's thesis is devoted to the study of methods and tools for building cyber-physical systems (CPS) for microclimate monitoring using ESP32 microcontrollers and sensor technology. The relevance of the topic is driven by the growing need for automated, flexible, and affordable solutions to control environmental parameters in indoor spaces, e...

With the development of artificial intelligence and intelligent sensor technologies, traditional legal English teaching approaches have faced numerous challenges in handling multimodal inputs and complex reasoning tasks. In response to these challenges, a cross-modal legal English question-answering system based on visual and acoustic sensor inputs...

Biodiversity loss, pollution, and the impacts of climate change have reached critical levels, creating the need for transformative changes in society and human behavior to reverse these trends and restore nature to a central place in people’s lives. Effective environmental monitoring is essential to this effort, with a particular focus on aquatic e...

With the evolution of synchrotron light sources to fourth generation (diffraction-limited storage rings), the brilliance is increased by several orders of magnitude compared to third generation facilities. For example, the Swiss Light Source (SLS) has been upgraded to SLS 2.0, promising a horizontal emittance reduced by a factor of 40, and a brilli...

This paper presents the development and application of an AI-based method for particle track identification using scintillating fibres read out with imaging sensors. We propose a variational autoencoder (VAE) to efficiently filter and identify frames containing signal from the substantial data generated by SPAD array sensors. Our VAE model, trained...

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to transform the transportation industry by improving road safety, reducing traffic congestion, and enhancing fuel efficiency. Significant progress has been made in autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies, especially in sensor systems, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. These advancements enable...

Global biodiversity is changing at unprecedented rates during the Anthropocene. Whereas current biodiversity patterns can be observed directly, information from the recent past is far less easily retrieved yet urgently needed to understand present observations and predict future developments. For plants, herbaria offer such a unique glimpse into th...

Lithium-based batteries (LiBs) are integral components in operating electric vehicles to renewable energy systems and portable electronic devices, thanks to their unparalleled energy density, minimal self-discharge rates, and favorable cycle life. However, the inherent safety risks and performance degradation of LiB over time impose continuous moni...

The distinctive features of Si–O and Si–C bonds make the integration of silicon-organic moieties into organic structures significantly influence the architecture and properties of the resulting hybrid materials often confering conformational flexibility, hydrophobicity, surface activity, self-assembly capacity and dual character (amorphous–crystall...

This article explores methods for collecting and measuring sensor data to optimize the performance of ozonator systems. The study focuses on the ozonator's ability to maintain a stable ozone concentration of 200 g/m³, sustain energy consumption at 0.5 kW, achieve a cleaning efficiency of 95%, and ensure system stability at 100%. The relevance o...

Frailty is a common syndrome in the elderly, marked by an increased risk of negative health outcomes such as falls, disability and death. It is important to detect frailty early and accurately to apply timely interventions that can improve health results in older adults. Traditional evaluation methods often depend on subjective evaluations and clin...

Weather forecasting is essential for agriculture, yet current methods often lack the localized accuracy required to manage extreme weather events and optimize irrigation. The MAGDA Horizon Europe/EUSPA project addresses this gap by developing a modular system that integrates novel European space-based, airborne, and ground-based technologies. Unlik...

As sensor technology integrates into modern life, diverse sensing devices have become essential for collecting critical data that enables human–machine interfaces such as autonomous vehicles and healthcare monitoring systems. However, the growing number of sensor devices places significant demands on network capacity, which is constrained by the li...

The field of livestock nutrition is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by advancements in precision feeding, gut microbiome research, and the adoption of sustainable feed resources. This review explores the latest innovations in these areas, highlighting their potential to improve animal health, enhance productivity, and promote enviro...

In recent years, the emergence of sensor technologies has highlighted the key role of in situ soil moisture measurement in various hydrological, agricultural, and ecological applications. However, the widespread adoption of technology is hindered by the costs and accessibility of existing sensor devices. This study aims to bridge a significant rese...

One Health is a framework that recognises the interconnection between human health, animal health and environmental health. It is a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach that aims to develop strategies to prevent and control diseases, improve health outcomes, and address the global challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety, and...

Introduction Recent advancements in sensor technologies have enabled collection of many large, high-resolution plant images datasets that could be used to non-destructively explore the relationships between genetics, environment and management factors on phenotype or the physical traits exhibited by plants. The phenotype data captured in these data...

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in nanosensors and microsensors for body fluid monitoring. The principles behind sensor technologies, their applications in healthcare, and the types of body fluids that they analyze are described in the scope of this paper. Additionally, this review discusses emerging trends,...

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, revolutionizes modern manufacturing by enabling rapid, customized, and complex part fabrication across various industries. To ensure consistent product quality there is a need for advanced techniques in modeling, analysis, and control of 3D printing processes. Modeling helps in...

Advancements in gas sensor technology are critical for enhancing environmental monitoring and pollution control systems. Among the various sensor types, inkjet-printed gas sensors have emerged as a promising solution due...

Background: Falls among the elderly are a major public health concern, leading to increased disability and mortality. Traditional protective measures are important, but early detection and prevention are equally critical. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals, which assess muscle electrical activity, can indicate a fall risk by detecting muscle w...

This experimental work aims to study the feasibility of utilizing the chemical prestressing technology to enhance the structural performance of high-strength concrete plates reinforced with different ratios of carbon textile reinforcement. For this aim, 30 concrete plates of dimensions 1000 mm× 160 mm x 30 mm were cast. The plates were divided into...

This study develops an interdisciplinary primary science curriculum—"Ship Research"—guided by maker education principles, integrating 3D printing, graphical programming (Scratch/Arduino), and sensor technologies (water level/obstacle avoidance). A "knowledge-practice-iteration" pedagogical framework was implemented through contextualized project-ba...

Precision pesticide application is a key focus in orchard management, with targeted spraying serving as a core technology to optimize pesticide delivery and reduce environmental pollution. However, its accurate implementation relies on high-precision environmental sensing technologies to enable the precise identification of target objects and dynam...

Acoustic sensor technology opens opportunities in various fields, particularly quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) technologies, which are known for high sensitivity, real-time detection, and non-invasive features. These sensors use mechanical waves to respond to external disturbances like mass changes or viscoelastic...

The future of augmented reality (AR) application development is being shaped by emerging trends and expanding opportunities across various industries. In this study, key advancements in AR technology, including artificial intelligence integration, cloud computing, and 5G connectivity, are examined. The increasing adoption of AR in sectors such as h...

Human locomotion is a complex interplay between muscles, bones, joints, and neural controls. Understanding gait biomechanics has profound implications for engineering solutions aimed at rehabilitation. This paper examines the intricate mechanics of human gait, including phases of walking, the role of ground reaction forces, and the influence of kin...