Senses - Science topic

This paper investigates how online customer reviews (OCRs) can affect consumer purchasing decisions mediated by online reviews type and moderated by different demographics. The online customer reviews in this study is measured by valence (ranged from positive to negative), volume (many or few), recentness (whether the online review is recent or old...

Many fields of mathematics rely on convexity and nonconvexity, especially when stud-16 ying optimization issues, where it stands out for a variety of practical aspects. Due to the behaviour 17 of its definition, the idea of convexity also contributes significantly to the discussion of inequalities. 18 The concepts of symmetry and convexity are rela...

both as an aporia in the subjective sense of a mental state of perplexity and in the objective, textual sense of a contrast between opposing views. This aporia poses particularly a challenge because Aristotle does not stick to his usual procedure of offering a solution at the end of his analysis. This means that another road from aporia to euporia...

There are different methods for criticizing a work of art, which critics use to criticize and analyze works of art and literature. Until today, the criticisms focused mostly on the author's external world, the work itself, and the author's influence on the story. This research tries to examine the findings of psychological studies about the collect...

In this Special Issue, we are interested in the modeling and optimization to sustainable operations management in a broad sense. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together high-quality contributions in multiple application fields tackling real-world optimization problems where mathematical programming-based methods are used. A particular in...

Adversarial patches undermine the reliability of optical flow predictions when placed in arbitrary scene locations. Therefore, they pose a realistic threat to real-world motion detection and its downstream applications. Potential remedies are defense strategies that detect and remove adversarial patches, but their influence on the underlying motion...

A system of two partial differential equations with fractional diffusion is considered in this study. The system extends the conventional Zakharov system with unknowns being nonlinearly coupled complex- and real-valued functions. The diffusion is understood in the Riesz sense, and suitable initial–boundary conditions are imposed on an open and boun...

This study investigates the impact of nostalgic advertising and perceived destination types on tourists using four experiments. Study 1a and Study 1b revealed that destination nostalgic advertising is more likely to evoke tourists' history sense and further trigger visit intention, while destination non-nostalgic advertising is more likely to evoke...

Various techniques of integral inequality are widely used to establish the delay-dependent conditions for the dynamics of differential systems so that the conservatism of conditions can be reduced. In the integer-order systems, the integral term of ∫̇()̇() often appears in the derivative of Lyapunov−Krasovskii functional, and how to scale down this...

This paper critically evaluates the notion of antonymous polysemy and its diachronic analysis. First, most purported cases of antonymous polysemy are argued to be more appropriately (near-)antonymous polysemy, as they are only antonymous in a broad sense and on a coarse-grained perspective on meaning. Second, the history of rǒng ‘idle; busy’ in Chi...

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the sense of coherence (SOC), occupational stress, organizational climate, and identity of new graduate nurses in a specified functional hospital to identify factors related to mental health. It will also identify the relationship between SOC and generalized resilience resources. Methods: This stu...

This article is an ethnography of the peasant ranch (sítio) as classified by Capuxu children, inhabitants of the hinterlands of the Brazilian state of Paraíba. Through participant observation, informal conversations, and the drawings produced by children, they revealed classifications of the ranch that blur the classic house/garden dichotomy establ...

The metaphor of culture as a space or environment of meaning is widely employed. Going beyond metaphor, we present a model of culture as a 3-dimensional Euclidean space, using data from Brazil on cultural models of life goals. The dimensions of this space are defined by degree of sharing of culture (cultural competence); alternate configurations of...

The sharing economy system has been digitalized by online platforms that connect consumers to exchange goods and services. Do such sharing platforms still provide consumers a sense of community, like the in-person sharing economy? Is such a sense of community heightened when consumers experience social presence? The results of analyzing 304 U.S....

In this work, a non-polynomial spline function is constructed to solve the Bagley-Torvik Fractional Differential Problems involving derivatives in the Caputo sense. This method transforms the fractional differential equation into a system of linear equations using a spline scheme. The conjugate gradient method is employed for the iterative solution...

Co-creation has been embraced as a new participatory strategy for place-making. The reasons behind the agency that gets public participation for co-creation are not yet explored, but some research indicates sense of place is an intrinsic motivation for participation. Thus, this paper systematically explores whether the prevailing literature has rev...

Most believe (or at least respond, if subjected to hypocritical blame, as if they believe) that even if one has done something blameworthy, one can dismiss blame on that account when it comes from a hypocritical blamer. This book examines the nature and ethics of standingless hypocritical blame. It argues that hypocrites lack standing to blame by v...

The factors that influence the construction of a teacher’s sense of self-efficacy are complex. The authors used a qualitative research design to explore the reflections of a sample of 25 K-12 early career teachers as they made sense of their own abilities. The results show that theorized sources of self-efficacy—mastery experiences, vicarious exper...

Robots play a vital role in modern automation, with applications in manufacturing and healthcare. Collaborative robots integrate human and robot movements. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that interactions involve qualified, and thus identified, individuals. This study delves into a new approach: identifying individuals through robot arm movem...

High drop-out rates among students endanger the goal of improving the quality of higher education. In the student lifecycle, the "transition-in" phase is particularly critical, as most premature drop-outs happen in this phase. Thus, universities and society need to find solutions to help students manage the challenges of the "transition-in" phase....

Seyyahlık ve seyahatnameler, tarih olarak oldukça eski zamanlara gitmektedir. Seyyahlık, belli amaçlar doğrultusunda tüzel veya gerçek kişiler tarafından sembolik anlamda “a” noktasından “b” noktasına seyahat etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu yolculuğun yazıya dökülmesiyle birlikte seyahatname olarak bilinen tür ortaya çıkmıştır. Seyyah ve ürünü olarak seyah...

From his long years in theology, Willie James Jennings has produced an insightful book, After Whiteness: An Education in Belonging. Jennings speaks honestly about how he has been affected by theological structures governed by White colonial thought. His strong sense of historical consciousness leads to his main critique of Western theological educa...

If you believe in the existence of an infinitely good, -knowing, and -powerful deity (“God”), how do you explain the reality of evil—including the inexpressible suffering and death of innocents? Wouldn’t God be forced to vanquish such suffering due to God’s very nature? Alvin Plantinga has argued, convincingly, that if the possibility of ultimate g...

The massification of higher education and the migration to online formats imply changes that affect the ways that people learn and their motivation for learning. In this sense, the motivational orientation of the student can make a difference in learning. This article aims to describe the enablers and barriers to students' motivation for learning f...

Online labor platforms (OLPs) like Uber have become increasingly prevalent, attracting numerous workers with the appeal of flexible work arrangements. OLPs present themselves as an innovative alternative to traditional employment structures, but there remains a sense of exploitation among their workers. This perception is impelled by the platforms'...

Fictionalism confronts the dual epistemological nature of education. In this book, Johan Dahlbeck argues that all education, at bottom, concerns a striving for truth initiated through fictions. This foundational aporia is then interrogated and made sense of via Hans Vaihinger’s philosophy of ‘as if’ and Spinoza’s peculiar form of exemplarism. Using...

Hope is an indispensable component for living a life of meaning, value, and well-being. Hope enables us to manage stressors, threats, failures, and personal doubts while helping us to stay focused on our goals and strivings. The purpose of this paper is to understand the construct of hope within a new dimension of personality termed the Numinous. T...

Autistic individuals are commonly said-and also consider themselves-to be excessively literalist, in the sense that they tend to prefer literal interpretations of words and utterances. This literalist bias seems to be fairly specific to autism and still lacks a convincing explanation. In this paper we explore a novel hypothesis that has the potenti...

Contemporary society benefits from having a strong sense of the law because it makes it easier for people to live better in a society where the law is upheld. Without effective law enforcement, society may descend into anarchy, making it impossible to protect the rights and safety of its citizens. Yet many Chinese residents in rural regions do not...

The objective of this work is to analyze what conditions of a theory T the conceptual identity, or meaning, of a T-theoretical term depend on. I assume the idea, borrowed from Kuhn, that certain laws have a non-absolute synthetic a priori status. I defend that what structuralist metatheory presents as the fundamental law of a complex theory corresp...

It is argued that all physical knowledge ultimately stems from observation and that the 8 simplest possible observation is that an event has happened at a certain space-time location ⃗⃗ = 9 (⃗ ⃗ ,). Considering historic experiments, which had been groundbreaking in the evolution of our 10 modern ideas of matter on the atomic, nuclear and elementary...

The main aim of this article is to focus on the dynamics and traveling wave solution of stochastic coupled Konno–Oono equation with multiplicative noise in the Stratonovich sense. First, the considered model is converted to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using traveling wave transformation. Secondly, two-dimensional phase portrait...

Microcredit is a common form of microfinance that involves an extremely small loan given to an individual to help them become self-employed or grow a small business. Numerous problems, including insolvency, financial risk, competitiveness risk, threats to the environment, reputational risk, and economic and political risk, are faced by entrepreneur...

The metaverse offers promising opportunities to enhance the experiences in virtual meetings. However, its limitations have led to the emergence of virtual hybrid meetings. This meeting format uses virtual conference rooms accessible via head-mounted displays (HMD) and 2D video interfaces. Given the limited research on virtual hybrid meetings, an ex...

Resumen: La noticia del fallecimiento de Pío IX desencadenó en Mallorca un despliegue organizativo inaudito para agasajar con singulares honras fúnebres al Sumo Pontífice, no sólo en la Catedral sino en todas parroquias de la diócesis, siendo especialmente significativo el caso de Alaró. La iniciativa es relevante, no tan solo por su carácter excep...

The concept of la chance accounts for everyday knowledge production in uncertain contexts in Bamako, Mali, where university graduates constitute an educational elite strongest affected by unemployment. Graduates know that la chance decides whether they succeed or fail. Susann Ludwig shows that this concept embodies common sense as much as it offers...

This study will compare and discuss the Catholic view of original sin and one of the fundamental ideas of Mahayana Buddhism, Avidy, in order to assess the development of their basic theological concepts, to compare the connections and differences between the two faiths' views of suffering, to make sense of the connections between the two religions'...

In addition to the authority of the Competitive Competition Council, the Council can exercise its non-repressive powers in the sense of preventive, which ultimately aims to avoid every practice restricting competition in accordance with the meaning of Article No. 14 of Ordinance No. 03-03 by enforcing the power of consultation with its two types (c...

Purpose Drawing on the work as calling theory, the purpose of this study is to explore how and when career calling promotes taking charge by focusing on the mediating effects of work meaningfulness and felt obligation and the moderating role of family-friendly human resource practice (FF-HRP). Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data...

Organized activities can provide a conducive context for various social processes that may prevent internalizing problems. Some types of organized activities, such as team sports, seem particularly favorable to these positive experiences. The aim of this 4-year longitudinal study is to describe the changes in the feeling of social integration into...

As the concept of solidarity is receiving renewed attention in the face of global and domestic challenges in intra-human relations, it is also increasingly applied in the context of interspecies justice, where solidarity is sometimes declared a political goal. Given the arguments for the recognition of nonhuman animals as fully morally considerable...

This paper reflects the perspective of identity transformation of mathematics educators through the lens of transformative learning, foregrounded on Tara’s doctoral research journey. The process of identity transformation seeks to foster reformative skills at various levels by altering individuals and their identities. This is achieved by posing qu...

Li (2011) proved that if two L-functions \(L_1\) and \(L_2\) in the extended Selberg class \({\mathcal{S}}^{\sharp}\) satisfy the same functional equation with \(a(1)=1\) and \(L_1^{-1}(c_{j})=L_2^{-1}(c_{j})\) with \(j\in\{1,2\}\) for two distinct finite complex numbers \(c_{1}\) and \(c_{2}\), then \(L_{1}=L_{2}\). Later on, Gonek--Haan--Ki (2014...

Branding is a term that is often associated with business. This research argued that there is a sense in which the church, especially at the parochial level, can adopt branding as a tool for evangelization. The study consented that the Catholic Church leverages on some form of universal branding. However, the parish community can be more deliberate...

This scientific article addresses the technological challenges that sports management faces today. In this sense, the elementary notions of the classical and postmodern theories of general management and their corresponding application in the sports field are described. Likewise, the use of management information systems is analyzed, which are tool...

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the behavior of the spectrum of the Neumann Laplacian in domains with little holes excised from the interior. More precisely, we consider the eigenvalues of the Laplacian with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions on a bounded, Lipschitz domain. Then, we singularly perturb the domain by removing Lips...

The goal of learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) examples is to learn a classifier that predicts the posterior class probability. The challenge is that the available labels in the data are determined by (1) the true class, and (2) the labeling mechanism that selects which positive examples get labeled, where often certain examples have a highe...

The main focus of this article is to investigate the existence of feedback optimal control for the neutral fractional evolution systems in Hilbert spaces in the sense of the Caputo fractional derivatives. In order to establish the necessary conditions for the proposed problem, we apply the semigroup property, the fixed point theorem of multivalued...

Neural networks have evolved into strong and dependable machine learning systems. However, training these systems requires human intervention in selecting neural network parameters and evaluating results. This human intervention exposes the training of a neural network to human bias. One key task in neural network learning success is selecting opti...

Delivering difficult news to parents of children with neurodisabilities, often involving new diagnoses, prognosis changes, or declines in function or health, presents a complex task. Our aim was to assess physicians’ self-perceived competence in breaking bad news (BBN) within this context. An online survey was administered to neuropediatricians and...

In this paper, we introduce the (Ψ, L) − M − weak contraction and we prove some common fixed point results for self-mappings T and S and some fixed point results for a single mapping T by using a (c) − comparison function and a comparison function in the sense of M b − metric space.

From a hermeneutical point of view, the Christian tradition is much closer to the Jewish tradition than to the rigors imposed by the historical-critical method, especially when it relates to the holy texts. Therefore, it is appropriate to rebuild the bridges of connection with the Jewish writings that the Church has preserved throughout time, even...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an upcoming and promising technology that involves efficient transmission techniques to communicate data obtained from sensory devices in the developed application. The role played by the channel characteristics between these devices is significant, as quality of service metrics are vital factors in determining the p...

Sensitive dependence on initial conditions is a crucial characteristic of chaos. The concept of measurable sensitivity (MS) was introduced as a measure-theoretic version of sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Their research demonstrated that MS arises from light mixing, indicates a finite number of eigenvalues for a transformation, and is n...

This brief chapter examines the metacognitive strategies that deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students utilize to make sense of texts. After providing an overview of the definition and history of metacognition, this chapter reviews current studies on metacognitive strategies, which can be divided into three main categories: planning or before readin...

This paper is on subjective wellbeing, more accurately the 'good life' in the sense of Aristotle. To account for the fact that suffering is an overwhelming fact of life, I acknowledge that it is intimately tied to our concept of self, our identity. I outline what may be deemed to be the common essence of all the major religions and what that core h...

The systematics of the genus Hydnum have undergone important advances, and many new species have been described with the aid of molecular data. A revision of old names that refer to Hydnum s. str., considering the knowledge now available, might reveal prioritary names of recently described species. This study focuses on the study of names that refe...

Social ontologists commonly think that our ideas about social entities, and about other people also inhabiting the social realm, play an important role in making those entities into what they are. At the same time, we know that our ideas are often indeterminate in character, which presumably would mean that this indeterminacy should carry over to t...

With the growing role and application of mathematics in almost every field it is no doubt that it plays an experimental and crucial role in an advancing field of neuroscience which is still under constant research. The aim of the report is two fundamental points: to show how mathematical models that enlighten a few pieces of neuroscience can be bui...

The aim of this work is to develop the notions of particularism and generalism in argumentation theory. Generalism is the claim that the very possibility of arguing depends on the existence of general rules that establish which data support which conclusions, while particularism is the denial of this claim. The problem is that sometimes it is not c...

It has been claimed in the literature that referential null subjects receive definite readings in consistent null-subject languages, like Spanish. That is why they are said to display the typical behavior of definite pronouns (pro). However, referential null subjects can receive indefinite readings under the following conditions: i) the antecedent...

Despite state-of-the-art cooperative control protocols have been successfully designed to achieve formation tracking for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the performance optimality cannot be warranted therein when the multi-UAV systems are subject to complicated disturbances. To overcome this problem, this work attempts to develop a feedfo...

The integration of geoenvironmental variables can be performed through geographic information system, with application of different methodological procedures. In this sense, a method that has helped in the definitions of weights for this function is the AHP. Thus, the objective of this work is to present a technique for mapping the geoenvironmental...

During the past century, protest has become a shared experience around the world, as citizens across the continents have taken to the streets to demand political, social, and economic changes. In Asia—from China to India, Thailand to Myanmar—people have organized mass demonstrations to express their dissatisfaction with colonial and state governmen...

The concept of the immortality of the soul, as held by pagans, has been the subject of extensive scholarly research over the years. Despite concerted efforts to disprove the idea of life after death, the doctrine remains a theological enigma. This research thus delved into the immortality of the soul as depicted in the Bible. The study posited that...

Resumo A Aprendizagem Significativa (AS) se mostra um conceito subjacente para a compreensão dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Já a teoria das Representações Sociais (RS) propõe um novo campo de estudo, resgatando a relevância dos saberes do senso comum. Emerge um desafio dessas contribuições: como identificar, em ambiente escolar, se estamos...

This study aims to identify the extent to which management accounting practices (MAPs) are used in the Tunisian context. To achieve this goal, the research is based on semi-structured interviews with 192 Tunisian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We used descriptive statistics to interpret our results. The International Federation of Accou...

With mobile technology rapidly permeating all aspects of modern society, including education, research on teaching and learning has not only demonstrated its benefits but also highlighted certain limitations, while resistance to their usage continues to be a common response among teachers. However, with the Covid-19 pandemic bringing about unpreced...

A theoretical elaboration is presented around the question: what is the violence of love, from the psychoanalytic perspective, in our days? To do this, he realizes the increasingly evident social expressions of destruction in the name of love, and that lead to mental health problems, due to the confusion of the signifier as sacrificed and as sacrif...

Drug-Chemical additives play an important role in preserving medicines for a longer period and the validity of the largest period, as well as methods of storing medicines and the effect of temperatures on chemical medicines. If you look at some of your food products, you will find on them some symbols for different chemical compounds that many peop...

Fostering students’ bidirectional conception of the equal sign (viewing the equal sign as indicating an equivalence of two sides rather than a ‘show result’ symbol) is challenging, and students’ misconception of the equal sign is persistent. Some studies mention that in China, the pedagogical approach to introducing the equal sign supports students...

Compliance with the financial security of the state is one of the determining factors of its independence. The sovereignty of Ukraine in the conditions of globalization and the constant instability of socio-economic processes requires the definition of macroeconomic indicators that affect the financial security of the state. Crisis upheavals increa...

We study a new variant of connected coloring of graphs based on the concept of strong edge coloring (every color class forms an induced matching). In particular, an edge-colored path is strongly proper if its color sequence does not contain identical terms within a distance of at most two. A strong proper connected coloring of G is the one in which...

Introduction The study seeks to examine Japanese people's perceptions and attitudes toward climate change by segmenting and characterizing respondents using online survey data from 2017 and 2020. Methods The survey administered in 2017 had 2,997 respondents and the survey in 2020, 1,100 respondents. Five segments were identified based on aspects o...

With the new educational landscape, Bukidnon State University shifted its way of teaching and learning to a new form of modality, commonly called Flexible Learning. This qualitative study explored and described the different learning experiences ofstudents in Calculus with the emergent modality. The participants were the ten (10)BSED Mathematics st...

Le rapport de l’homme avec la nature est tout autant un rapport de l’homme avec sa nature. C’est l’apport fondamental de la pensée de la nature chez Étienne Pivert de Senancour (1770-1846). L’auteur indique les chemins méthodiques d’une conversion de l’humain vers le naturel en identifiant de façon problématique les voies déviantes de l’anthropisat...

The present study reveals how 34 Spanish learners from two different cultures and first-language backgrounds follow politeness norms related to greetings in the context of a collaborative cross cultural online learning (CCOL) classroom project. Using WhatsApp, students are instructed to upload a 1-minute introduction video about themselves. Then, a...

Le dialogue entre Alexander von Humboldt et Goethe souligne leur intérêt commun pour une approche de plus en plus scindée en deux champs de connaissance que leur époque tend à séparer : les sciences de la nature et la poésie, qu’ils pratiquent de concert. Ils partagent une conscience de la nature relationnelle du monde comme du savoir, le second de...

Abstrait: Ce résumé fournit un aperçu concis de l'exploration du paysage complexe de la communication humaine dans le contexte de « Explorer la dynamique des sciences de la communication : démêler les fils de l'interaction humaine ». L'enquête approfondie se penche sur l'évolution historique, les théories clés, les applications interdisciplinaires...

The utopian nature of the infosphere has by now been supplanted by the data economy. If not properly governed, data economy is able to degrade the contemporary constitutional State. In the Euro-unitary context, we are witnessing the emergence of a European digital constitutionalism, I maintain. Digital constitutionalism emerged as a concept thanks...

Cet article propose un commentaire de Fondations (2017) et de Warda s’en va (2021) de Pierrine Poget, qui montre comment la réparation des blessures intimes et le discours sur le monde y sont à la fois joués et déjoués, dans le sens d’une modestie du discours sur la littérature, et finalement d’une re-« fondation » de son autonomie. Il permet ainsi...

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is essential for companies to pay attention to because it makes employees violate company norms. Companies must find ways to get employees involved by highlighting Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) behavior. OCB behavior can create a sense of employee attachment to the company so that it tends to avoid...

For a class of translation-invariant pair potentials ϕ in $(\mathbb{R}^{d},z\lambda )$ ( R d , z λ ) satisfying a stability and regularity condition, we choose z so small that the associated collection $\mathcal{ G}(\phi,z\lambda )$ G ( ϕ , z λ ) of Gibbs processes contains at least the stationary process G, which is a Gibbs process in the sense of...

An apportionment paradox occurs when the rules for apportionment in a political system or distribution system produce results which seem to violate common sense. For example, The Alabama paradox occurs when the total number of seats increases but decreases the allocated number of a state and the population paradox occurs when the population of a st...

This article presents an analysis of Swedish subject teachers and special educators' discourses on the teaching of students with different needs in order to study their enactment of inclusive education in relation to competing demands. Drawing on notions of policy enactment, policies are here not only understood as regulatory texts, but also as car...

Procrastination is considered a result of failed self-regulation. However, could experiencing a sense of successful self-discipline help to boost motivation and reduce procrastination? To explore this question, two studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between the sense of self-discipline, autonomous motivation, and procrastination...

Background Improving job performance has a significant effect on the quality of medical services and ensuring people’s health. Purpose This study explores the influence and mechanism of the character strengths and career callings of medical staff as well as the intermediary role of such career calling. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was con...

Foster care is a preferred alternative to residential care due to the importance of the family environment for the physical, emotional and intellectual development of the child. This enables the development of a sense of security and belonging. The paper presents an analysis of the development process of the maternal assistance network at the level...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are important in a nation's economic development and growth. Many SMEs cannot achieve their objectives without instilling a psychological sense of ownership in their team. This study examines the impact of job-based psychological ownership and employee ambidexterity on innovative work behavior and job perfo...

Throughout history, there have been various attempts to deconstruct the text of the Holy Quran. One of the more recent theories is Soroushꞌs Prophetic Dream theory, which suggests that the Holy Prophet received and perceived the revelations in a dream-like state. The theory in question aims at deconstructing the nodal points of Islam such as revela...

This article deals with the question of how communities relate to their heritage in Estonia by focusing on four case studies, two of which represent archaeological sites and two dark heritage sites, and the respective communities involved with these places. The main objective is to understand the dynamics of how heritage communities preserve, use a...

The Sakha particle da(ɣanï) has a restricted, semantically varied distribution. It appears in three main roles: negative polarity item (NPIs), a marker of scalar focus, and doubled in coordination constructions. In coordination X da(ɣanï) Y da(ɣanï) means ‘both X and Y’ in positive sentences, but ‘neither X nor Y’ in negative sentences. Following f...

Modern rural advisors (MRAs) are called to act as change agents supporting farmers’ decision-making with a view to sustainability. Combining scientific knowledge, skills and values, they need to raise collective agency, i.e. a sense of active and responsible participation in a community that would support their mediation and actions with a sense of...

Contingent valuation surveys generally elicit stated preferences by asking how much a respondent would be willing to pay for an environmental improvement. By drawing on linguistic theory, we propose that the modal phrasing of this question establishes a particular type of commitment towards a hypothetical payment, namely a subjective want or desire...

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a resource management system following an integrative, holistic approach and an interactive planning process in addressing the complex management issues in the coastal area. See also Some definitions of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM).Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is a dynamic, mult...