Seismicity - Science topic

Injection-induced seismicity has been extensively investigated in previous research; however, whether the findings from these studies can be applied to CO2 sequestration remains uncertain. Induced seismicity threatens project implementation and CO2 storage safety. A coupled multiphysics model is numerically developed to investigate the reactivation...

The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors, such as wellhead pressure, injection location, injection volume, and injection rate. Understanding the relationship between injection operations and seismic magnitude is of great significance for optimizing industrial production and reducing ear...

The left-lateral Xianshuihe fault is a seismically active fault system located at the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau. We analyzed the Sentinel InSAR data from 2014 to 2021 to study the temporal and spatial variation of fault creep along the Xianshuihe fault. We applied the InSAR stacking method and the coherence-based SBAS method to derive...

In order to ensure the safety of existing buildings constructed many years ago in zones with high seismicity, it is very important to consider and apply retrofitting measures. The seismic retrofitting of buildings can be achieved by techniques such as increasing the stiffness and ductility of the building and reducing the seismic demand. Energy dis...

After the 2025 M6.4 Dapu earthquake, the Agency of Rural Development and Soil and Water Conservation (ARDSWC) identified 29 coseismic landslides using Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope satellite imagery. Two-thirds of these landslides occurred south of the epicenter, indicating a likely southward rupture. These landslides are found to (1) locate in areas...

The Kathmandu Valley, located in a seismically active region, has a long history of enduring significant earthquakes. Despite existing efforts, previous studies often lack comprehensive integration of seismic hazard data with vulnerability assessment, which is crucial for detailed earthquake risk evaluations. This study develops a comprehensive sei...

Aqueous fluids released by metamorphic dehydration of serpentinites are a key component for seismicity, creep, and geochemical cycling in subduction zones. How these fluids drain and migrate towards the mantle wedge has yet to be fully understood. Here we address the influence of pre-existing structural and mineralogical heterogeneities in serpenti...

A methodology has been developed to assess the following components of seismic risk in the territory of Armenia: buildings, population, infrastructure. According to the methodology, risk is assessed based on data on seismic hazard, vulnerability of buildings and structures, vulnerability of the population, and the influence of a number of secondary...

The use of hydroseimograms (i.e., high frequency pore pressure monitoring in wells in rock) emerges as a promising tool for a better understanding of the physics underlying earthquakes, as well as for seismic activity monitoring and/or prediction. This study investigates the earthquake detection capability of a hydraulic pressure device (HPD) insta...

This study presents a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of ionospheric disturbances associated with seismic activity by applying the Differential Rate Of TEC (DROT) algorithm to GPS-based Total Electron Content (TEC) data. The investigation covers ten major earthquakes (Mw 9.0–5.6), examining ionospheric variability across pre-seismic, co-seis...

In seismically active areas, the structural integrity of structures is significantly reliant on the efficacy of beam-to-column connections. This study investigates the potential of high-strength concrete (HSC) and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) as alternatives to conventional transverse reinforcements to alleviate joint congestion and enh...

This study investigates the impact of tsunami‐induced surge forces on seismically isolated buildings (SIBs) through hydraulic model experiments conducted in a specially designed wave flume. The flume is 12 m long, 0.3 m wide, and 0.4 m deep, and includes a reservoir, a uniform water section, a sloped shoreline, and a land section where the SIB mode...

Ahvaz City, situated on the southern side of the Zagros folded belt, is classified as a region with moderate seismic hazard according to the Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings (Standard No. 2800). Although the quaternary active Ahvaz fault traverses the city, can posing a significant seismic hazard in this area. This...

Microseismic (MS) monitoring can be valuable for mine safety, offering improved understanding of mine geomechanics. By introducing the MTfit and MSATSI inversion methods to study the focal mechanisms of microseismic events and the stress field in coal mines, we applied these techniques to the 63upper06 working face in the Dongtan Coal Mine. We sele...

Anticipating the onset of the 2020/2021 effusive‐explosive eruptive sequence at La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent was challenging despite the established monitoring networks in operation. Here, we integrate petrological data to decipher retrospectively signs of imminent eruption from available pre‐eruptive monitoring data. Using diffusion chronomet...

Although cratons owe their longevity to thick, depleted and consequently buoyant sub-continental lithospheric mantle, their extents are commonly indicated by the known distribution of crustal rocks. However, the limits of a mapped cratonic area often do not match the seismically imaged thick sub-continental lithospheric mantle roots. New mantle xen...

Noida, situated in proximity to major tectonic structures within a seismically active region, is susceptible to earthquake hazards. The destruction caused by an earthquake is influenced by the soil characteristics at a site, which play a significant role in amplifying ground shaking. To mitigate these devastating effects, it is essential for design...

Romania is known for its persistent seismicity at intermediate-depths in the Vrancea region. However, crustal areas are also a significant source of seismic hazard, although large shallow events are less common. This study is a first attempt to characterize statistically and propose a forecasting model for two recent aftershock sequences occurred a...

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of seismic activity and structural characteristics in Shandong Province, China, with a focus on identifying seismic belts and potential epicentral zones critical for regional seismic safety. A detailed database was developed, integrating regional seismicity statistics, earthquake distribution patterns, s...

Many animals communicate using seismic vibrations. Signaller morphology, signal production method and environmental factors impose interacting constraints that may be impossible to replicate in the laboratory, making it essential to study seismic communication in situ. Here, we focused on the constraints on percussive seismic signals in European fi...

Earthquake catalog declustering is the procedure of separating event clusters from background seismicity, which is an important task in statistical seismology, earthquake forecasting, and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Several declustering methods have been introduced in the literature and operate under the supposition that background event...

Seismic network sensitivity and event detection performance are critical for assessing earthquake risks, particularly in regions susceptible to induced seismicity. In seismically inactive zones, the network monitoring presents unique challenges, even when adapting automated detection and location systems originally designed for active zones. In thi...

Earthquakes leave distinct signatures on lake systems, including event deposits that serve as valuable paleo-seismological archives. Among these deposits, homogenite layers are commonly associated with lake oscillations, i.e., seiches. Here, we investigate the seiche mechanism and the formation of a homogenite related sediment deposit within a lacu...

The 2025 Myanmar earthquake, a catastrophic seismic event with a magnitude of 7.7, struck the Sagaing Region near Mandalay on 28 March, marking the most powerful earthquake in Myanmar since 1912. Originating from shallow strike-slip faulting along the Sagaing Fault, the rupture propagated over 460 km, with peak horizontal displacements exceeding 6...

Hydro-geomechanical models are required to predict or understand the impact of subsurface engineering applications as, for example, in gas storage in geological formations. This study puts a focus on engineered carbonate precipitation through biomineralization in a fault zone of a cap-rock to reduce gas leakage from a reservoir. Besides hydraulic p...

Plain Language Summary Calderas formed by the collapse of large magma reservoirs after catastrophic eruptions, often undergo extended periods of ground movements, seismicity, and gas emissions. Although extensively studied for their immense eruptive potential, linking these signals to underground magma movements or to a vigorous hydrothermal activi...

Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) is a foundational element for determining design forces for new buildings and assessing the safety of existing structures. Consequently, decisions regarding the protection of urban infrastructures hinge on the outcomes of the PSHA. In recent years, numerous seismic hazard analyses have been conducted in...

Little studies have been carried out in the investigation of some geological faults associated with seismic activities in Nigeria; probably due to the fact that Nigeria is believed to be sitting on a seismically safe African plate. However, the nation has experienced series of tremors in the last few decades. Hence, there is a need to investigate t...

Understanding the heterogeneity within a subducting slab is essential for elucidating its rheological properties, which can significantly affect subduction dynamics. Despite the importance, the fine structure of the slab has remained largely enigmatic due to the limited resolution of seismic tomography. Here, we utilize a deep learning approach, Pi...

Bangladesh, located in a seismically active region, faces significantearthquake risks, particularly in high seismic zones like Sylhet. The BangladeshNational Building Code (BNBC) provides design guidelines, including theequivalent static load method and dynamic analysis method, to ensure structuralsafety. While the static method is widely used for...

The safety, performance, and sustainability of buildings are crucial, especially in seismically active regions. This study evaluates the seismic performance of a four-story office building designed under Indonesian seismic codes from 2002, 2012, and 2019. Using finite element modeling, the analysis incorporates variations in site classes to assess...

Seismic hazard analysis plays a vital role in evaluating the potential earthquake risk in a given region. Northeast India is one of the most seismically active zones due to its tectonic positioning at the collision boundary of the Indian and Eurasian plates. This study aims to implement a comprehensive Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) framework usin...

Hazard assessment of moderate to strong earthquakes (moment magnitude, M W > 5.5) in slowly deforming regions, such as the European Southern Alps, is hindered by recurrence intervals that exceed the timeframe covered by historical records and a lack of paleoseismic data revealing earthquake source parameters. Estimations of the maximum possible mag...

The southeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau represents one of the most seismically active zones in China and serves as a natural laboratory for investigating the uplift dynamics and lateral expansion mechanisms of the plateau. The Litang fault zone (LTFZ) lies within the northwest Sichuan sub-block on the southeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau,...

Plain Language Summary Tidal stresses induce oscillatory stress changes on the order of ~ 10³ Pa (ocean tides (up to 20 kPa in amplitude at the surface) and solid Earth's tides (up to 3 kPa)), which is significantly smaller than the average stress drop during earthquakes. Nonetheless, the tidal stress rate is typically higher than that of the tecto...

The control of mining-induced seismicity caused by hard and extremely thick rock stratum (HETRS) has become an important topic in more and more coal mines. This study investigates the mechanisms of mining-induced seismicity through a discrete element numerical model (UDEC-Trigon) calibrated with field data from the Dongtan Coal Mine, China. The fai...

The 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence highlights the need for real-time aftershock and ground-shaking forecasts to support disaster response and risk mitigation. This study applies the space–time epidemic-type aftershock-sequence (ETAS) model, integrated with a ground motion model, to simulate aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-sha...

The Philippine Sea (PHS) plate embracing the Shikoku Basin subducts with a relatively young age varying between ~ 15 and 26 Ma. It exhibits a diversity of subduction styles along the Nankai Trough, from shallow beneath Shikoku and Chugoku regions to steep subduction beneath the Kii Peninsula. Although the onset of subduction along the entire Nankai...

In volcanically active planetary bodies, the depths and longevity of crustal magma storage critically control eruptibility and crustal composition. A paucity of relevant observations and models has challenged our understanding of the development of crustal magma storage systems on Mars and their role in the apparent lack of evolved compositions. He...

We analyse the background seismicity, including mainshocks and isolated events, from a distinct clustered component using the nearest-neighbour declustering method. After declustering the seismic catalog, two components were identified: background and clustered. The clustered component includes isolated networks, and for mainshock selection within...

Addressing the critical seismic vulnerabilities of reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints remains an imperative research priority in earthquake engineering. This study presents an experimental and analytical investigation into the seismic performance enhancement of non-ductile RC frames using an innovative all-steel Tube-in-Tube Buckling-Restr...

The paper reports on different methods and techniques developed, over the past several decades, to characterize axial and shear strength of various tendons used for ground reinforcement in mining and civil engineering operations. Most of axial loading methods are carried out by pull testing, with very few tests reported on push load tests. Based on...

The European Ground Motion Service (EGMS), a component of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, offers a valuable tool for investigating vertical ground motion in coastal regions that are subject to different natural and anthropogenic processes. To conduct effective coastal assessments, it is essential to consider the multiscale interactions of t...

In an era where underground transportation infrastructure is increasingly vital, the construction of tunnels across fault lines has become a necessary challenge. This study addresses the critical issue of assessing the impact of fault ruptures on shallow tunnels, with a particular emphasis on the variability of soil parameters. We employ the Stocha...

Southeastern Sichuan has witnessed intensified seismic swarm activity since 2016, including events exceeding historical peak ground accelerations. This study integrates moment tensor solutions, stress field inversion, and Mohr–Coulomb analysis to investigate the interplay between tectonic processes and shale gas extraction in driving seismicity. Fu...

This study investigates the frequency-domain optimization of base isolated multi-story buildings equipped with novel negative stiffness (NS) vibration control systems (VCS). The examined VCS include the KDamper, the Extended KDamper (EKD) and the Enhanced KDamper (ENKD). Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of these devices for seis...

This study assesses the ground response for several typical sites in the Itanagar Region of Arunachal Pradesh, India. The sites were chosen based on their geological characteristics and the seismic history of the region. The region is seismically active and that strong ground motions can be expected in the event of a larger earthquake. In absence o...

Declustering is a crucial process that filters out dependent events to focus on independent mainshocks, thereby improving the accuracy of seismic hazard analysis. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal features of background seismicity in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal using four widely applied declustering methods: Gardner and Knopoff, Gruenthal, Uhr...

Hydrocarbon leakage from reservoirs poses significant environmental and societal problems, including the potential contamination of drinking water and agricultural soils. Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic leakage is challenging but crucial for assessing human impacts on reservoir seal integrity and developing effective mitigation str...

The present study examines the change in landslide susceptibility under climate change conditions. The Landslide Susceptibility Index for the territory of Bulgaria was determined using the Mora and Vahrson method, based on the weighted assessment of various adverse conditions and destabilizing factors on slope stability. The input data include prec...

A very deadly natural phenomenon, earthquakes can inflict massive casualties, widespread damage to infrastructure, and economic loss. A sudden release of energy within the Earth's crust as seismic waves that move the ground is referred to as an earthquake. Some of the factors influencing the effect of earthquakes include magnitude, depth, location,...

Introduction: Taiwan, situated at the junction of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate within the seismically active Circum-Pacific Volcanic Belt, experiences frequent earthquakes. It’s crucial to implement the concept of emergency evacuation among the populace and strengthen the disaster response capabilities of local governments. This...

Volcanic and seismic unrest on the Reykjanes Peninsula in SW Iceland that started in late 2019 after ∼800 years of quiescence has drawn wide interest to this on‐land extension of the Mid‐Atlantic spreading ridge. Here, we use seismic data collected across the larger Peninsula region, covering six volcanic systems and associated high‐temperature geo...

Kathmandu Valley, the capital of Nepal, is located in the seismically active Himalayan belt and has a history of devastating earthquakes causing substantial loss of life and property damage. This study employs Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) using the Foulser-Piggott Attenuation (FPA) model and Travasarou et al. (2003) with R-CRISIS so...

This study investigates the three-dimensional seismogenic structures associated with the 2025 M6.4 Dapu earthquake in western Taiwan and compares these results with the relocated instrumental earthquake catalog. Utilizing a deep-learning-empowered earthquake cataloging method, 6,805 seismic events were identified from January 20 to 31, 2025, achiev...

Until recently, Western Kazakhstan was considered a non-seismic region of Kazakhstan, particularly in the southern and northern parts of the Caspian Sea. Earthquake catalogues of Kazakhstan had almost no data on earthquakes in this region, which is likely to be a consequence of the lack of systematic seismic observations in this area. During th...

This review article provides an in-depth exploration of the recent advancements in the seismic analysis and design of steel–concrete composite structures, as reflected in the literature from the last ten years. It investigates key factors, such as material behavior, connection detailing, analytical modeling techniques, and design methodologies. The...

The Sichuan basin’s shale gas fields demonstrate elevated seismic activity, which poses a significant challenge in the development of shale gas. Besides, casing deformation emerges as a prominent concern, leading to substantial disruptions in shale gas production operations. In order to address the issue of casing deformation in seismically active...

On March 28, 2025 at 6:20 a.m. UTC, a major earthquake with the magnitude 7.7 occurred near the capital city of Sagaing, Myanmar, at a depth of 10 kilometers. The earthquake was felt across much of Myanmar and in neighboring Bangladesh, India, China, and Thailand. It is estimated that up to 222.4 million people experienced the earthquake. While mos...

This paper presents an investigation of the response to past earthquakes of the facade colonnade of the classical temple of Apollo Epikourios, Peloponnese, Greece, which is still standing, damaged but in full length and in most of its height. The investigation was based on field studies and sophisticated FE simulations and was carried out in three...

During a seismic sequence, the action of each earthquake has the potential to damage and weaken exposed structures, causing their fragility to change, and increasing their likelihood of being further damaged by subsequent earthquakes. At the same time, building occupants that need to be hospitalised after an earthquake will not be present in the bu...

This study analyzes the temporal dynamics of instrumental seismicity recorded in the Pertusillo reservoir area (Southern Italy) between 2001 and 2018. The Gutenberg–Richter analysis of the frequency–magnitude distribution reveals that the seismic catalog is complete for events with magnitudes M≥1.1. The time-clustering of the sequence is at both gl...

The subsurface characterization for foundation evaluation of existing engineering structures aims to investigate the structural competence of selected high-rise buildings on the University of Ilorin campus, located in the basement complex of north- central Nigeria. Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF–EM) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) t...

An estimate of the trigger effect of the proton flux on seismicity is obtained. The proton flux time series with a time step of 5 minutes, 2000-2024, is analyzed. In each time interval of 5 days, statistics of the proton flux time series are calculated: mean values, logarithm of kurtosis, spectral slope, singularities spectrum support width, wavele...

Background Thus far, most earthquakes around the Svalbard Archipelago in the past 75 years, some reaching up to moment magnitude (M W ) 6.1, have been attributed to movements along N–S- to NE–SW-trending fault surfaces, possibly including inherited Caledonian (ca. 460–425 Ma) and late Paleozoic–Cenozoic structures. Recent geophysical studies in the...

It is imperative to analyze, understand, and evaluate seismic hazards in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau due to the frequent strong earthquakes. In this study, we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to calculate the co- and post-seismic Coulomb stress changes caused by the regional historical strong earthquake sequence...

This study delves into two critical issues related to the seismic analysis and design of Chilean reinforced concrete dual wall-frame buildings. First, it evaluates the efficacy of Special Boundary Elements (SBEs) in shear walls, whose seismic performance enhancement remains uncertain despite recent (i.e., after the 2010 earthquake) mandates in Chil...

Steel bracing systems are efficient schemes for retrofitting existing seismically vulnerable multistoried buildings. Many reinforced concrete (RC) buildings worldwide are being retrofitted using different types of steel bracing systems. However, it is essential to determine the most efficient type of bracing system applied to existing practical mul...

Relevance. Azerbaijan is tectonically situated in the Arabian-Eurasian continent collision zone. Due to this collision activity the seismic pattern of the region is observed with the occurrence of frequent moderate and occasionally strong earthquakes. Research methods. In this study, we used a catalog of International Seismological Centre through t...

Seafloor geodesy may lead to deep understanding of subduction systems and seismogenesis. Based on measurements of near-trench deformations of the oceanic and overriding plates, in this investigation we elucidate the tectonic and mechanical processes leading to the Mw7.0 Acapulco, Mexico, earthquake in 2021 at the heart of the Guerrero seismic gap....

North-central Mexico, which belongs to the Basin and Range Province, is characterized by numerous, generally north–south-striking map-scale faults that are concentrated toward the Gulf of California and along the western margin of the Sierra Madre Oriental physiographic province. The focal mechanisms of recent earthquakes in this region all indicat...

Offshore wind energy is growing as a major contributor to achieving the current targets of reaching net‐zero carbon emissions globally, offering a scalable, reliable, and cost‐competitive energy source. With the worldwide momentum of investing in wind energy infrastructure, offshore wind farms are now being constructed in seismically active regions...

The paper presents an approach for detecting anomalies in radon concentration in seismically active areas. It involves training multiple artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict radon concentration during periods without seismic events. The trained ANNs model the typical radon variations under non-seismic conditions, and the predicted values fo...

Seismic actions are usually considered for their inertial effects on the built environment. However, additional effects may be caused by the volumetric-distortional coupling of soil behaviour: the fast cyclic shaking on saturated soils caused by earthquakes generates temporary undrained or quasi-undrained conditions and subsequent pore pressure var...

This study investigates the dynamic performance of a road sign equipped with a multi-material electronic signboard subjected to mining-induced seismic tremors. The key innovative aspect lies in providing new insights into the dynamic performance of multi-material electronic signboards under high-energy mining tremors, enhancing their safety assessm...

Eastern Sicily is characterised by fast tectonic uplift, intricate GPS-derived velocity fields, and significant seismic activity. Mount Etna, the largest subaerial active volcano in Europe, dominates the landscape, influencing the development of large-scale instability processes on the facing continental margin. South of Etna, the Malta Escarpment...

Costa Rica has several active shallow (depth <15 km and Mw >5.3) crustal faults near towns with high seismic hazard. We present three critical deterministic hazard scenarios in San José city for the Belo Horizonte, Cipreses, and Río Azul fault systems, with Mw 6.2, 6.3, and 6.6, and closest distances to the rupture surfaces of 5.0 km, 4.3 km, and 5...

In practice, site-specific one-dimensional (1D) seismic site response analyses are conducted to compute surface acceleration time histories considering shear wave velocity profile, modulus reduction, damping, and site-specific ground motions. The computed surface responses depend not only on the geologic and seismic characteristics but also on the...

For obtaining reliable high-resolution subsurface images in the geothermal testbed of the Bedretto Underground Laboratory for Geosciences and Geoenergies (BedrettoLab), we have applied fat ray travel time tomography. To compute a 3D velocity model, we made use of 8 boreholes, which allowed us to compile a large data set including 42’843 manually pi...

This study provides a detailed structural analysis of the fault systems in Puerto Rico and the surrounding region. We focus on classifying fault patterns based on seismic reflection data and estimating the earthquake magnitudes for individual fault segments. Current tectonic activity is analyzed by correlating fault structures, seismicity, and defo...

1. ABSTRACT In this study, a low-cost geophone system that uses triangulation and other analytical techniques to precisely locate the epicenter of seismic occurrences is developed. In order to determine the distance to the epicenter, the study uses Python programming to examine the interval between the arrival of primary (P) and secondary (S) seism...

The elastic response spectra are fundamental engineering tools provided by seismic codes for performing structural seismic analysis and seismic risk reduction. This work is performed in the framework of the ongoing revision of the current Algerian seismic code RPA99/2003, which provides elastic spectra whose reproduction performance of real seismic...