Segmentation - Science topic

The Advanced Training in Laparoscopic Suturing (ATLAS) curriculum was developed to improve laparoscopic skills via a proficiency-based approach through six distinct tasks. Task 1 involves passing a needle through six holes positioned at various angles on a circular platform. Performance is assessed based on the task completion time and the number o...

In the contemporary scene, advanced education remains at a basic point, ready for custom and development, confronting extraordinary difficulties and opening doors. The conjunction of globalization, mechanical headways, segment moves, and developing educational standards has catalyzed an extraordinary excursion in advanced education. This chapter fi...

In this paper, we propose an innovative deep learning methodology dedicated to tumor detection and segmentation in medical images using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the U-Net architecture. The study emphasizes the importance of improving the quality and relevance of these features by employing advanced preprocessing methods. The subsequ...

Macroscopic link-based flow models are efficient for simulating flow propagation in urban road networks. Existing link-based flow models described traffic states of a link with two state variables of link inflow and outflow and assumed homogeneous traffic states within a whole link. Consequently, the turn-level queue length change within the link c...

Studies on Vietnamese and Japanese phonology have revealed a gap between phonological contrastive analysis (CA) and second language (L2) pronunciation instruction. Using the contrastive method, this article aims to bridge this gap by highlighting the differences and similarities between the phonemic inventories and phonological rules of both langua...

The effect of pruning severity on tree growth was analyzed by change point detection using segmented regression. The present study applied this analysis to a well-known published data set including diameter growth response, tree age, pruning severity and pretreatment crown size. First, multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the effect...

This review focuses on recent advancements in data-driven methods for analyzing flow and transport in porous media, which are showing promising potential for applications in energy, chemical engineering, environmental science, and beyond. We highlight novel methodologies driven by machine learning (ML), including image-based techniques, data-driven...

It is universally accepted that 3.14159265358… as the value of Pi is an approximation, . It is a transcendental number and squaring a circle is an unsolved problem with this number. A new, exact, algebraic number is (14-root2)/4= 3.14644660942… is derived and verified with a proof that is followed for Pythagorean theorem. It is proved here squarin...

Enhancers are short genomic segments located in non-coding regions of the genome that play a critical role in regulating the expression of target genes. Despite their importance in transcriptional regulation, effective methods for classifying enhancer categories and regulatory strengths remain limited. To address this challenge, we propose a novel...

Mangroves are special vegetation that grows in the intertidal zone of the coast and has extremely high ecological and environmental value. Different mangrove species exhibit significant differences in ecological functions and environmental responses, so accurately identifying and distinguishing these species is crucial for ecological protection and...

The adoption of Vision Transformers (ViTs) in resource-constrained applications necessitates improvements in inference throughput. To this end several token pruning and merging approaches have been proposed that improve efficiency by successively reducing the number of tokens. However, it remains an open problem to design a token reduction method t...

When using image data for signage extraction, poor visibility conditions such as insufficient light, rainy days, and low light intensity are encountered, leading to low accuracy and poor boundary segmentation in vision-based detection methods. To address this problem, we propose a cross-modal latent feature fusion network for signage detection, whi...

Over the years, machine learning (ML) has proved to be a powerful technique for improving the generality of customer information in the banking sector. As applied to Nigerian banking, ML helps financial institutions process and interpret big data, customer trends, and potential future demands. This paper discusses the following use cases of ML: Cus...

___________________________________________________________________________ ___ Image segmentation can be defined as a cutting or segmenting process of the digital image into many useful points which are called segmentation, that includes image elements contribute with certain attributes different form Pixel that constitute other parts. Two phases...

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) utilizes weak labels to learn semantic segmentation models, significantly reducing reliance on pixel-level annotations. WSSS typically employs a multi-label classification network to extract image features for constructing localization maps. The quality of the localization map critically influences the...

This paper proposes training improvement methods of artificial neural networks (ANN) trajectory predictors. First, a dynamic power system time‐series trajectory is split into several different segments to simplify the original ANN training problem. Moreover, the time‐derivative of the trajectory is included to obtain an augmented loss function. Com...

Aggerbille havai gen. et sp. nov. is described from late Eocene Danish amber. The new genus differs from the genus Triphyllus Dejean, 1821 by antennomeres 9 and 10 longer than wide, pronotum more strongly narrowed toward the apex, and shorter elytra; from the genus Neotriphyllus Lawrence et al., 2014 by its smaller body size, pronotum more strongly...

p>Optical character recognition (OCR) technology is indispensable for converting and analyzing text from various sources into a format that is editable and searchable. Telugu handwriting presents notable challenges due to the resemblance of characters, the extensive character set, and the need to segment overlapping characters. To segment the overl...

The goal of this study is to create a strong system that can quickly detect and precisely classify brain tumors, which is essential for improving treatment results. The study uses advanced image processing techniques and the NeuroFusionNet deep learning model to accurately segment data from the brain tumor segmentation (BRATS) dataset, presenting a...

span lang="EN-US">In this study, a novel approach is introduced for fracture detection in bone x-ray images, introducing the triple context attention model (TCAN) that combines concentrated extensive convolutional segments with an attention mechanism to enhance positional data. The TCAN model significantly improves fracture recognition accuracy whi...

Purpose The complexity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can lead to improved segmentation accuracy in medical image analysis but also results in increased network complexity and training challenges, especially under resource limitations. Conversely, lightweight models offer efficiency but often sacrifice accuracy. This paper addresses the ch...

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technological process that converts diverse document formats into editable and searchable data. Recognition of Telugu characters through OCR poses a challenge because of compound characters. Identifying handwritten Telugu text proves difficult due to the substantial number of characters, their similarities,...

Brain damage and deficits in interactions among brain cells are the primary causes of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite ongoing research, no effective medications have yet been developed for these conditions. Therefore, early detection is crucial for managing the progression of these disorders. In this study, we introduce a novel tool...

In his inaugural address on 10 November 2024, Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar emphasised the importance of forging a “natural alliance” with the Kurdish nation. While not specifying which segment of Kurdistan his office seeks to engage with, the statement raises an important question: how can a sovereign state establish an alliance with a non...

This second segment of a two-part study investigates the numerical modeling of the Navier slip boundary condition at the contact line at the junction of free and solid surfaces, a key element in many natural and technological processes. The first segment introduced a method based on the cut-cell formalism. This second segment demonstrates how this...

The main objective of translation is to translate words' meanings from one language to another; in contrast, transliteration does not translate any contextual meanings between languages. Transliteration, as opposed to translation, just considers the individual letters that make up each word. In this paper an Integrated deep neural network translite...

The perception of Deformable Linear Objects (DLOs) is a challenging task due to their complex and ambiguous appearance, lack of discernible features, typically small sizes, and deformability. Despite these challenges, achieving a robust and effective segmentation of DLOs is crucial to introduce robots into environments where they are currently unde...

Empowering traditional manufacturing through the digital economy can not only enhance the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, but also enhance the degree of specialization of enterprises by optimizing the industrial structure, thus enhancing the embeddedness of Chinese enterprises in the global value chain. Based on this backgroun...

span lang="EN-US">Brain tumors are one of the most prevalent disorders of the central nervous system and are dangerous. For patients to receive the best treatment, early diagnosis is crucial. For radiologists to correctly detect brain tumor images, an automated approach is required. The identification procedure can be time-consuming and prone to mi...

Piston error is the main component of the co-phase errors of segmented telescopes. In this paper, we innovatively performed frequency domain filtering and processing on the focal plane image of the segmented telescopes with mask added, and obtained the image that only reflects the piston error between each submirror and the reference submirror. The...

In recent years, Neural Fields ( NF s) have emerged as an effective tool for encoding diverse continuous signals such as images, videos, audio, and 3D shapes. When applied to 3D data, NF s offer a solution to the fragmentation and limitations associated with prevalent discrete representations. However, given that NF s are essentially neural ne...

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting moving objects in image sequences through a distribution based model. The proposed methodology leverages higher-order statistics (HOS) within a clustering framework to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of moving object detection. The proposed method effectively combines statistical knowledge a...

This article presents the results of experiments on path planning and control of automated guided vehicles (AGV) using single, fixed ceiling mounted, monocular cameras and colored markers. The camera employed in the system serves as both a sensor and controller. Initially, the working environment is structured using colored markers for given applic...

Brain tumor diagnosis and treatment are primarily reliant on medical imaging, necessitating precise segmentation methodologies for practical clinical solutions. Tumor boundaries are difficult to consistently identify, even with breakthroughs in deep learning. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach that combines an upgraded 3D U-Net...

This study presents a deep learning-based approach to improve the prediction of coronary artery disease (CAD) using X-ray angiography images. The primary objective is to achieve accurate and automated CAD identification by employing a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The methodology involves preprocessing the dataset through normalization...

The study of prehistoric societies requires a holistic approach to all segments of the population. Researchers agree that the period of growth and development is crucial for the life course, its quality, and duration. In recent decades, there has been a noticeable increase in studies focusing on the material traces of children in the archaeological...

In our study, the book titled Cafer Es-Sadık Fütüvvetname, prepared by Saffet Sarıkaya, was criticized. The term “futuwwa” generosity, courage, truthfulness, honesty, helpfulness and justice. The concept of Futuwwa is generally associated with the Ahi organization. Ahi order is a socio-economic and cultural organization that became widespread among...

Masyarakat Negeri Sembilan dikatakan mengalami pengaruh budaya daripada luar, iaitu Adat Perpatih dari Minangkabau, Sumatera tetapi dari segi bahasa, masyarakat Negeri Sembilan tidak mengamalkan bahasa Minangkabau. Objektif kajian ini untuk mengenal pasti inventori segmental dialek Jelebu di Negeri Sembilan. Selain itu, kajian ini bertujuan menjela...

segmental and supra-segmental features

Traditional sugarcane growth monitoring methods are time-consuming and error-prone. This study investigated the use of deep learning to automate and enhance the accuracy of sugarcane growth stage classification. The study develops deep learning-based system that leverages high-resolution drone imagery for precise sugarcane age classification, there...

City is experiencing significant traffic congestion, especially in regions with a high density of educational institutions. This study examines District 10, characterized by a large concentration of high schools and universities, to evaluate and contrast the effects of these educational institutions on traffic congestion. The research seeks to dete...

The human-brain is a vital and complicated organ within the body. Identifying brain-related diseases can be challenging. Typically, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning methods are used to gain insights of the protected regions in the body. Brain segmentation can result in identifying region boundaries as a set of contours. However, segmenting...

It is well known that there is a somewhat mysterious relation between the area of the quartic Fermat curve $x^4+y^4=1$, aka squircle, and the arc length of the lemniscate $(x^2+y^2)^2=x^2-y^2$. The standardproof of this fact uses relations between elliptic integrals and the gamma function. In this article we generalize this result to relate areas o...

Infrared spectroscopy is an effective method for studying asphalt aging. To improve the effectiveness of infrared spectroscopy in asphalt aging, this paper first performs preprocessing of the infrared spectral signals and divides the full spectrum into six segments. By quantitative analysis of the relation of noise and signals of different segments...

Customer segmentation has become an important strategy in modern marketing, enabling companies to divide heterogeneous customer bases into distinct, homogenous groups based on shared characteristics, behaviors, and needs. This approach enhances personalization, allowing for targeted marketing strategies that align with specific customer segments, t...

Brand communication during public crises plays an essential role in building sustainable and strong relationships with customers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi brands, like all brands around the world, needed to devise novel survival strategies. This study explores and contrasts brand communication strategies both during and after the pandemi...

In response to the growing demand for computation and storage, and increasing vulnerabilities to attacks, maintaining image security and integrity remains a critical challenge. This paper introduces a novel, lossless image compression algorithm integrating improved fractal coding and a robust encryption method based on a new hyperchaotic system, ir...

Medical images play a significant part in biomedical diagnosis, but they have a significant feature. The medical images, influenced by factors such as imaging equipment limitations, local volume effect, and others, inevitably exhibit issues like noise, blurred edges, and inconsistent signal strength. These imperfections pose significant challenges...

The paper proposes a method for identifying a person based on EEG parameters recorded during the process of entering user password phrases on the keyboard. The method is presented in two versions: for a two-channel EEG (frontal leads only) and a six-channel EEG. A database of EEGs of 95 subjects was formed, who entered a password phrase on the keyb...

Saliency object detection has been widely used in computer vision tasks such as image understanding, semantic segmentation, and target tracking by mimicking the human visual perceptual system to find the most visually appealing object. The U2Net model has shown good performance in salient object detection (SOD) because of its unique U-shaped residu...

We present the case of a 29-year-old primigravida at a gestational age of 37 weeks, who had a transverse fundal uterine incision done due to a huge anterior wall leiomyoma and transverse lie. The rarity of this type of uterine incision and the size of the uterine myoma prompted this case report. She had a safe delivery of the foetus through the tra...

The article was written based on the materials of the joint report of the authors made by them at the Sixth International Conference “Functional spaces. Differential operators. Problems of mathematical education” dedicated to the centenary of the birth of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the European Academy o...

Due to segmentation and splicing in micro-videos when user upload videos to platform, the content of different shots in the same scene is discontinuous, which leads to the problem of large content differences between different shots. At the same time, due to the low resolution of the shooting equipment or jitter and other factors, the video has noi...

Action evaluation can automatically detect abnormal actions by evaluating the quality of human actions in specific postures, which is widely used in the field of rehabilitation medicine. This paper proposes an intelligent rehabilitation action evaluation system to evaluate the quality of patients’ actions during rehabilitation training, which helps...

Different models have been developed for segmentation tasks, each with its uniqueness. Recently, the Segment Anything Model (SAM) was added to the pool of these models with expectations of addressing their weaknesses. SAM, although trained on a huge dataset for segmentation of anything, particularly images of natural source, produces suboptimal res...

Multi-level thresholding for image segmentation is one of the key techniques in image processing. Although numerous methods have been introduced, it remains challenging to achieve stable and satisfactory thresholds when segmenting images with various unknown properties. This paper proposes an equilibrium optimizer algorithm to find the optimal mult...

This paper introduces a new method for the region segmentation of images. The approach is based on the raster-scan paradigm and builds the segments incrementally. The pixels are processed in the raster-scan order, while the construction of the segments is based on a distance metric in regard to the already segmented pixels in the neighbourhood. The...

Word segmentation is a crucial phase for handwritten text recognition. When the input image contains several words written into multiple text lines, it is essential to separate or segment the images of individual words. Although several techniques have been proposed, handwritten text segmentation is still a popular research problem due to significa...

The influence of seasons of the year on the leukocyte blood formula parameters in stallions was studied. The study involved 14 stallions of different breeds; the average age of animals was 9.8 ± 2.0 years. It was found that the composition of leukocytic formula in stallions can change in different seasons of the year. We observed an increase in the...

In medical image analysis, achieving fast, efficient, and accurate segmentation is essential for automated diagnosis and treatment. Although recent advancements in deep learning have significantly improved segmentation accuracy, current models often face challenges in adaptability and generalization, particularly when processing multi-modal medical...

The development of artificial intelligence makes it possible to rapidly segment landslides. However, there are still some challenges in landslide segmentation based on remote sensing images, such as low segmentation accuracy, caused by similar features, inhomogeneous features, and blurred boundaries. To address these issues, we propose a novel deep...

In this work, the molecular mobility at the glass transition of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) amorphous sample series was investigated. The temperature and pressure dependences of the intermolecular interactions were studied from time–temperature–pressure superpositions and from the relaxation time dispersion...

Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) demonstrates exceptional performance in video segmentation and refinement of segmentation results. We anticipate that it can further evolve to achieve higher levels of automation for practical applications. Building upon SAM2, we conducted a series of practices that ultimately led to the development of a fully automa...

Given the low usage of public health apps during the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal requiring coexistence with the virus, it is crucial to explore the factors likely to encourage their adoption. This article examines the determinants of future intention to use public health mobile applications associated to COVID-19 by investigating the exist...

OCR is considered the fastest way of data entry; the smart conversion of the text data is called handwritten text recognition. Many of the languages possess OCRs and there are still some languages lacking the OCR. Balochi is one of the national languages of the Pakistan country and the most of speakers live in Baluchistan province of Pakistan. Balo...

Tick-borne Lyme disease usually starts with Erythema Migrans rashes. Because of its visual complexity and resemblance to other skin disorders, Lyme disease is difficult to diagnose. It is crucial to promptly and accurately identify these skin rashes to ensure effective treatment and mitigate potential complications. This study proposes a distinctiv...