Seedling - Science topic

Andrew's correct to the extent that no label and fixing can be completely relied upon over 10 years, especially in saline conditions and having to withstand wave energy from time to time. Conventionally the label itself could be of metal or engraved plastic, but metals will corrode in seawater and for the latter you'd need an engraving machine. The cheapest would be aluminium 'tree tags', which are small discs (about 3cm across) stamped with a number and that can be bought in the thousands. Perhaps you could paint them with a marine paint to make them more durable. In tree surveys tree tags are generally nailed to the trunk, the nail only partly driven in to allow for radial growth, but I imagine that better options in your case would be to have a loose attachment of wire or cord, or to fix the tag to a stake driven into the substrate adjacent to the tree. Perhaps an engraved wooden label would be best, or an adjacent stake could be engraved (you could then use local materials). A stake would also be easier to find than a label. Finally, if all else fails, you could engrave the tree itself!

Philip

Also, check the links below.

Pieter Nibbering

Hi Pieter,

I was really excited to hear from you and I appreciate your tips.

I agree that the problem we encountered with the apoplast isolation was caused by seedling damage.

To address this issue, I have tried to apply less pressure during the vacuum infiltration and to reduce the centrifugation speed during the extraction (down to 800 *g). However, since I am working with two-week-old Arabidopsis plants that are cultured in half MS medium, the seedlings are very fragile and easily damaged during apoplast extraction.

My current research is focused on examining the presence of glucosidase enzyme in the apoplast under stress conditions that also exist inside cells. As a result, the cytosolic contamination of the apoplast extract is interfering with our research goals.

Seaweeds are not only a source of macro- and micronutrients but also contain amino acids, vitamins as well as plant-growth promoting substances including cytokines, auxins, and abscisic acid. These characteristics make seaweed biomass an attractive resource for composting. As a fertilizer, seaweed can provide a natural form of potash (soluble potassium). Non-synthetic forms of seafood products are permitted in organic crop production. Extraction or other processing using water, heat, pressure, or non-synthetic materials is permitted. If don't have beds that are suitable for such methods, add the seaweed to compost, or compost it on its own. Once broken down, it's the magic ingredient for growing thin-skinned new potatoes, as well as for top-dressing pots, where it will act as mulch while continuing to break down. Seaweed has been used as a soil improver for centuries, particularly in coastal areas. Seaweed contains several useful plant nutrients, including nitrogen, potassium, phosphate and magnesium. Microalgae can be cultivated to have a high protein and oil content, for which can be used to produce either biofuels or animal feeds, or both. In addition, microalgal biomass, which is rich in micronutrients, is already used for dietary supplements to advance human health. Life-cycle assessments show that growing algae is a lot more sustainable than growing plants. Compared to other sources of protein they also require far fewer fertilizers or chemicals for crop protection. Plus they emit a lot less greenhouse gases. Microalgae as bio-fertilizer. Many aspects of microalgae make them a potential entity for bio-fertilizer, such as nitrogen fixation, production of various substances for plant growth promotion, and improvement of soil physical properties. Microalgae as bio-fertilizer. Many aspects of microalgae make them a potential entity for bio-fertilizer, such as nitrogen fixation, production of various substances for plant growth promotion, and improvement of soil physical properties.

You simply record the day when 75% of seeds have germinated, assuming all seeds are viable (which can be tested prior to the experiment using the flotation test) :)

Karolina Kacynel Karolina , The following link relates to "Methods Of Expressing Soil Test Results" from "Palintest" a UK company working in water analysis technology" By my reading they offer two ideas. But could be variations of of another.________ https://www.palintest.com/content-hub/methods-of-expressing-soil-test-results/#:~:text=Using%20these%20relationships%20the%20conversion,present%20as%20mg%2FL%20soil.

@Donald Batten Thank you for your response. It seems unfeasible to treat wheat seedling leaves with MG132.

Hello again, new friend Md. Abdur Rahman! Ectomycorrhizal fungi mostly spread with the growth of mycelium in the soil, so a spore suspension would not be the most natural way of inoculating. You could inoculate sterile wheat bran or sterile beet seed, incubate until the substrate is well colonized, and sprinkle that inoculum around the plant you want to infect.

Speaking as someone who reviews a lot of papers that include pathogenicity tests, I have to ask if this is a pathogenicity test, or something else? It is tricky to use seedlings to prove a symptom seen on mature trees. You could do a stem inoculation, but to do that, you would almost certainly want to create a wound on the stem (like using a cork borer to make a hole) and then add the inoculum. Evaluating a resulting canker will be tricky, because it is such an unnatural system (young plant with wounded trunk). You would need to use a positive and two negative controls. One negative control would be inoculation with water (if you used a spore suspension to inoculate the pathogen) or an agar plug (if you used a culture plug to inoculate the pathogen). The other negative control would be a fungus known not to cause cankers on that host. The positive control would be a pathogen KNOWN to cause cankers on that host. After you incubate the inoculated trees, you would probably be measuring the length of the resulting lesion. The tricky part is that even with the no-inoculum control, there may be a lesion. With the nonpathogen control, there might be a lesion. So how do you evaluate the lesion produced by your test organism? How long is its lesion compared to the known pathogen? If it is comparable, you can suggest that your unknown can cause cankers, and I will more-or-less believe you. But if the lesion length is closer to the one caused by the nonpathogen, I will more-or-less disbelieve you.

Kouadri Mohamed El Amine is suggesting a detached stem pathogenicity test, and as a reviewer I would take a very dim view to that unless you had the proper positive and negative controls. Detached stems are, by definition, stressed plant tissue, and stressed plants behave differently than non-stressed plants. If you had the right controls, however, I would probably be OK.

Please check it.

I think, the transfer of sunflower plants is considered an uneconomical method at the production level. As for the transfer at the level of a field experiment, it is usually 15-20 days after germination.

The Saudis are doing it, and if they are native trees local to the area, should only require a dingle watering when planting. We plant tree seedlings by the tens of millions each year in the arid West of the USA and only give them one watering when planting and that is all. The seedlings we plant are very small bare root or grown in Ray Leach "Cone-tainers" (Trademark) as the picture shows.

Both soil testing and foliar testing can allow the modification of the program to optimize mango nutrition.

The larvae attack the plant, especially the bases of the leaves, and burrow into them, which leads to yellowing of the plant, pallor and poor production. Severe infestation leads to permanent wilting, and the plant can be easily uprooted and an unpleasant odor appears as a result of rotting.

Thank you! @Liane Terezinha Dorneles.

Hi,

I am also searching for a similar methodology. Did you received any?

I agree with Andrew-Pegman and Ryan William Orr. It is important to select the desired sized pot for tree crops as they are having long root systems. Based on the crop species you can select the pot size.

According to your problem necessarely should be nutrients deficiency, maybe nitrogen the most important, phophorous and potassium.

You can use more quantity of these chenicals and obtain a very green, vigorous and healthy plants.

Hi. Yes, it works to germinate them in water, we have done it, however we sterilize them in ethanol for 30 seconds and then in sterile water 60% with 40% chlorine for 40min and finally in sterile water alone for 10 min +/- in this way they do not get contaminated or very little happens, I hope this method works for you.

The best way to deal with static charge is increasing humidity. So if you're not afraid of contamination, you should put a humidifier in the culture room where you grow the Arabidopsis.

One often obtains results opposite from what is intuitively expected. I found birds dispersed seeds that were less viable than those left behind, for example. To ask what is the reason is teleological because there is no reason since we can never know unless the plant could speak or God told us. It is only possible to ask what or how, not why, in science experiments. So explain what you found and how you obtained your result and leave it at that :)

The subsidiary cells of the stomatal complex initially participate in anthocyanin accumulation. Anthocyanin-containing cells play a protective role against damage by infection-related reactive oxygen species and light-activated phytoalexins to the healthy tissues surrounding the infection sites.

Dear @Aswathi Raj K P Mineral contents in plant parts other than grain (seeds) are least documented in cowpea. You can check the below mentioned links that mention mineral contents in cowpea leaves:

Dear @Md. Nuruzzaman Below mentioned are useful links. I have also attached one pdf. Hope, these would be useful to you.

Philip John Wilson Thank you very much for the suggestion.

@Matthew wheal thankyou for the answer. I can increase agar content. We did try to place the plates at 45 degrees, but the leakage persists.

Species-area curve shall be taken into consideration.

Everything written above is true. Many factors affect the šeed germination in the soil under natural conditions. Proper experiment design, including seed species control, is important. It may be appropriate to perform your experiment in laboratory conditions with a smaller number of influencing factors.

If there is standing water and the number of trays are limited, you may put some water absorbing materials such as paper towel layers on the germination tray and remove it periodically.

thanks

See this pdf

overwatering/cold

Interesting...Following

Generally, 5-10 days depending on the culture media/condition.

Seed size and sometimes seed color can have a great variation in seed germination.

Dear Sanjoy and Andrew, thank you for your observations. Sincerely, GA.

Yes, biostimulants can promote rooting, and hence the overall growth of transplants in the field. Mycorrhiza, PGPRs, humic acid, polypeptides+amino acids, seaweed extracts, etc. can be useful plant biostimulants.

Thanks Kouadri Mohamed El Amine I have. Seaweed extract/FA/HA/Amino acids.

In high calcareous soil for 1 year mango tree better to fertilize with FYM and Vermicompost for initial dose

Soil moisture metres could help.. Measurements can be done at prescribed intervals

I appreciate your attention Matthew and Krzysztof, I'll test.

I was refering to a positive control

You can use anova.

Look at this paper of mine.

Q1. I would say chloroplast

Q2. I would say yes,it is ok. (Mesophyll?)

Q3.Maybe artifacts.

Signals: yes they somehow relate to the organelles

Hi Dr Ben Aymen . I hope the following link could help: https://www.thespruce.com/what-is-a-taproot-4125537

Muhammad Ishfaq was right in the sense that you have replications. At the end of the day, you need averages to estimate your experimental error, treatment effects and to also suggest if there are significant differences among the treatments.

Tomás María Tessi Thank you for your input!

That is exactly what we wanted to do initially however we need to do a treatment to plants that should be 24-48h and I do not think the plants will survive it. Or they would be so stressed that the whole experiment will be biased.

So I am thinking about alternative methods. But perhaps I can do the treatment and transfer them to the liquid MS+biotin as biotinylation itself is 2-6h.

Thank you and good luck in your research too, maybe I just needed to look at it from different angle :)

This depends upon seed available with you. If you do not want to go for augmented then conventional will work.

Yes

Dear @Suhas Karle Whether all your T1 plants got wilted at siliquae stage? If so, then there is a greater possibility of management and diseases issues. Even to rule out all these possibilities, you should have grown the parental type as the check!

For measuring height, use a calibrated measuring scale. For measuring diameter you can make a cross section and measure the diameter under a microscope.

Use CTAB-lithium chloride method as it is robust.

Many hormones required for cell growth, such as auxins, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, ethylene, jasmonates, salicylic acid, strigolactones and cytokinins which able to accelerate or promote growth...

Auxins promote stem elongation, inhibit growth of lateral buds (maintains apical dominance). They are produced in the stem, buds, and root tips. Example: Indole Acetic Acid (IA). Auxin is a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation.

I got an article using DRIS - Wood ash application in sugar maple stands rapidly improves nutritional status and growth at various developmental stages. It's in my profile.

You can also look for Masson et al, 2019, Variation in soil and foliar nutrition status along a forest edge–interior gradient in sugar maple forest fragments. Canadian Journal of Forest Research.

Roch Ouimet did a bunch or work with DRIS.

Mª Angeles Zorrilla Lopez-Perea

f. sp. is abbreviation of forma specialis.

Thanks!

GA is not a control; it is a treatment. You need to set up different concentrations of GA :)

The plants in greenhouse and in pots can only remain around 4 months, afterwards as mentioned there is deterioration in the roots and the substrate degrades. However, it depends on the objective pursued, because in these conditions the plants will be better cared for than in the field. Likewise, both methods can be combined and are valid. In the field, its root system will develop better and consequently the aerial part, but they will be subject to climatic and herbivore threats

Do both, then you can separate out the effect on germination and growth

Carlos Frey, The yellow color most likely is due to sugar interference. I got the same issue also with tomato samples. I adjusted the protocol, and the reaction turns to pink color. If you wish, I can send you the protocol.

Best

Maria

Probably, you can develop a coefficient and with that, can be calculated.

Also check https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287771699_Development_and_performance_evaluation_of_a_mat_type_nursery_raising_device

There is a complication to the repeated measures aspect (that I only have a passing knowledge of), that standard tests don't account for. Because the roots' current position (angle) reflects previous growth, the time course of root angles is not strictly independent.

As an extreme example, a root tip that currently points horizontally is much less likely to grow upwards than downwards. The angle at the subsequent time point is not independent of the last point.

I'm not sure what the statistical method is to deal with time-dependency is, but I'm sure you can find a statistician who can suggest a way of dealing with it.

make interaction between "3 seedling mutant lines" with time (including time levels, for example 1, 2, 3, ... etc.)