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Sediment Transport - Science topic

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What is the relationship between terminal lake sediment lithology, downcutting of the middle and upper river and the erosive materials produced, and river sediment transport?
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Looking for R package/s for in the field of soil erosion/sediment estimation and analysis.
Any comment or hint would be welcome.
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Yes, there are R packages available for modeling soil erosion and sediment yield. One such package is "RUSLE2R" (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 - R). RUSLE2R is an R implementation of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2, which is a widely used empirical model for estimating soil erosion. The package allows users to calculate soil erosion based on factors such as rainfall, soil erodibility, slope, land cover, and erosion control practices.
Here's how you can install and use the "RUSLE2R" package in R:
  1. Install the package from CRAN:install.packages("RUSLE2R")
  2. Load the package:library(RUSLE2R)
  3. Use the functions in the package to estimate soil erosion. For example, the RUSLE2 function can be used to calculate soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2:# Example data rainfall <- c(1000, 800, 1200, 900, 1100) # Rainfall (mm) slope <- c(5, 10, 8, 15, 12) # Slope gradient (%) land_cover <- c("Cultivated", "Grassland", "Forest", "Urban", "Bare soil") # Land cover types # Soil erosion calculation result <- RUSLE2(rainfall, slope, land_cover) print(result)
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I am currently trying to use the CERC formula to calculate the sediment flux during a period of time. I am having trouble figuring out what is the time component in the formula.
My data contains Hs/ dir/ period in 3 hour interval.
thanks,
Jonathan
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would it be wrong to calculate the flux according to the number of waves that hit the coast during that period?
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Unraveling the Essential Effects of Flocculation on Large-Scale Sediment Transport Patterns in a Tide-Dominated Estuary .
i need data of above topics for my research purpose . can i have it .
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Hi Nishan
You may ask contact the concerned author of this article , they may lead you
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Dear Researchers
As well as Please guide me for the name of your favorite book on open channel flow for your research and academic activities
Cheers
Narges
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chaw
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I want to develop sediment transport 2D model and flow 2D model on floodplain river. What is te best software package for it? How can I get them? What is process of acquiring CCHE2D. FLOW 2D, SRH 2D, Delft 3D, Ansys or CFD kind software with full version?
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The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC+) is an open-source 2/3D model that is quite powerful for such applications. It includes advanced features for hydrodynamic simulations, wetting and drying, and sediment transport simulations.
You can download the source code and compiled executables from GitHub: https://github.com/dsi-llc/EFDCPlus
The package from GitHub also includes a simple grid generation tool.
GUI software, EFDC+ Explorer Modeling System, is also available to support EFDC+ model development, calibration, post-processing, etc. at: www.eemodelingsystem.com
Licenses range in price depending on if you are an academic or commercial user, so please reach out to sales@eemodelingsystem.com with any questions.
However, even if you choose not to use the GUI you will still have full access to all the model features, and can make use of example demonstration models and test cases to learn how to build the input files.
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Dear All,
I have an issue regarding a sediment transportation simulation. I have computed the sediment transport rate based on a 20 years wave climate, and simulated the sediment drift for the total time span and either by monthly filtering of the data, the monthly sediment transport is also computed. However there is a problem that the summation of monthly sediment transport is much more than what I have calculated for the total time span. Is it possible this happening? Is there any reason behind this?
I appreciate it if you could share your Idea with me.
Best
Saeideh
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I mean that the factors that control sediment transport during the year vary in amount and type compared to other years and months, the annual factor being more influential and important, and also ignoring some minor factors compared to the monthly calculated data, and differences The weather between seasons has a significant impact during the year compared to another year
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Dear All,
I have an issue regarding a sediment transportation simulation. I have computed the sediment transport rate based on a 20 years wave climate, and simulated the sediment drift for the total time span and either by monthly filtering of the data, the monthly sediment transport is also computed. However there is a problem that the summation of monthly sediment transport is much more than what I have calculated for the total time span. Is it possible this happening? Is there any reason behind this?
I appreciate it if you could share your Idea with me.
Best
Saeideh
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There are several potential reasons, which are hard to distinguish based on what you've written. However, the 'obvious' answer is that sediment transport is ALWAYS a timescale-dependent parameter. The cumulative answer will always be larger the shorter the timescale you are applying it to. This was discussed in some seminal papers like de Vriend et al (1991) and Cowell et al (2003), along with some discussion by Pilkey. For a 'light version' try Gallop et al (2015). It is one of the concepts behind 'morphological' parameters.
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I'm finding a 3D hydrodynamic model that considers the processes of water & sediment quality and sediment transport at the same time.
Delft3d seems to be a good one, as Delft3d-WAQ couples the deposition of organic matters and sediment transport and wave can be computed as well.
SCHISM seems to be another good model system as it contains all needed module, however, I'm not sure if it can work as Delft3d-WAQ.
Therefore, I want to ask:
1. Is SCHISM okay for the above requirements (considering the processes of water & sediment and sediment transport at the same time)?
2. Is there any other models that meet these requirements?
Your help will be the most grateful.
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FVCOM is a great option. I recently used it to model wave-current-sediment-bacteria interactions. Please See my paper for more details:
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Hello all,
I intend to perform a CFD analysis of the well-known bridge pier scour problem. I am considering two software packages for this purpose: Ansys Fluent and Flow 3D. I am trying to explore the pros and cons of each package for my case.
I would appreciate your comments on any of the following.
1- In order to make a sound comparison, I need to understand the modelling details implemented in Flow 3D, especially a clear description of the way sediment transport is modelled and coupled with the hydrodynamic solver, and how the interphase interaction is realized. Despite lots of research, I have not been able to find detailed information on this.
2- Any study on comparing the performance of these two packages for bridge pier scour problem.
Regards,
Armin
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I have three suggestions for you:
1- Check the below link:
As this topic is popular in our country, I am sure you can find different Ph.D. and M.Sc. theses in Iranian universities.
2- Ask your question in CFD online forums:
3- If you could not find your answer about bridge piers, search for other hydraulic structures (for example, spur dikes) and use their information.
Good luck,
Maryam
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Hi,
I am working on numerical modeling of a two-phase model for the sediment transport problem based on the SPH method.
According to previous research and works, none of them mentioned the calibrasion of numerical models and only the validation of the models were done by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory results of common samples such as dam break test cases.
Is calibrasion required for such numerical model?
What is the best option for the calibrasion of results from this numerical modelling?
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Hi
It is highly recommended. Calibration of sediment transport model is as important as hydrodynamic one which can make sure and prove the model works well.
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Also please name your favorite book of Open Channel Flow/Hydraulics you follow for your research and academic activities.
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I would recommend the following book:
Chaudhry M. H. (2008). Open-channel flow, 2nd Ed., Springer, Berlin, 523.
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In shallow regions near the coast, sediment transport models require some geomorphological properties of the sea bed. Is there any database that contains d50, d16, d84, some cores to know the kind of material in layers?
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Perhaps USGS websites are useful.
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Hello everyone,
I am creating a sediment transport model using HEC-RAS (v 6.1) in 1D.
I want to compare a simulation in a fixed bed condition (erosion not allowed) with another in a mobile bed condition (erosion allowed).
In order to consider the fixed bed, I have set the value of the Max Depth to zero in each section. Unexpectedly, the model shows that Mass (Vol) Out Cum is greater than Mass (Vol) In Cum. (Attached images)
How can I explain this? Have I set the wrong condition for a fixed bed?
Thank you for your answer
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Dear Daniele,
Please let us know if you have fixed it.
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I am using HEC-RAS 6.0.0 Beta (Update 1), operating system: Windows 10, 64 bit.
I was performing simulations of sediment transport in a rectangular channel, with quasi-unsteady flow. I used different simulation times, and I had no problem at the beginning. Using the same files for geometry and sediment boundary conditions, changing only the duration of flow and temperature series and the ending time in the simulation time window, I faced this error running the simulation: Error:
Geometry Filename was not specified. Error Processing Geometry
I attach all files and a picture of the error I got.
Could you help me, please?
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Hello
You should spécify the name of geometry il the layer case.
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Increased runoff under the influence of hydrophobia.
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This is a good question.
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Dear Colleagues,
Kindly guide
Suppose we want to calculate the monetary costs of the sediment retention services provided by natural vegetation for providing the clean drinking water supply to people, how to do that?
Regards
Gowhar Meraj
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Thank you very much for this sharing this essential piece of information.'
Sincerely yours
Gowhar Meraj
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My assessment of Different Hydraulic/Morphology Models I get a lot of questions regarding which model to use for Hydraulics and Morphology. The answer will be depends on the case and the required output. Here is my take on different available Hydraulic and Morphological models (Not in order of preference) Mike 21 GPU Mike 21/3 GPU is the most robust and stable software for your purpose. However it’s not very user friendly and has a steep learning curve. It’s very expensive and the post processing is also a pain. It’s the first choice for commercial use. Delft3D  Delft3D FM has the capability but still there are many bugs that will have to be resolved. Also not having Geo referencing capability based on co- ordinate in the mesh generation process is a limitation of Delft3D. With no GPU capability the run time could be long. TUFLOW GPU TUFLOW GPU is becoming popular and can be used with SMS and QGIS, but there is significant learning curve. FLOW3D FLOW 3D is alternative for physical modeling, and it’s not suitable for large scale modeling. CCHE2D CCHE2D does not have a very wide user base, so documentation and help could be limited. Also the free version has limited mesh size. Aquaveo SMS Aquaveo SMS has a very user friendly interface, so can be learnt very quickly. Pre and post processing is great. Some great tools for riverine modeling with sediment transport. With several modules for waves and sediment transport, but again the capabilities are not well documented due to limited user base for wave modeling. HEC RAS 1D and 2D HEC RAS being is good for basic learning. Suitable for steady state and unsteady state modeling. Though I am not fond of the unsteady state modeling, as previously it had a lot of issues and has a lot of limitations. The 2D module has no sediment transport capability. For the 1D model the sediment transport has plenty of bugs and the output is useless. Not a choice for complex riverine unsteady riverine modeling requiring morphology. Telemac 2d Suitable for Academic purpose mostly with limited documentation and manuals.
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I did see you mention MODFLOW using groundwater vistas.
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FLOW 3D is a one-phase numerical model with empirical equations for bedload transport, but OpenFOAM is a physics-based code.
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According to my experience, modeling the sediment transport in Flow-3D needs a considerable time and computational efforts while the accuracy of your modeling ,depending on the geometry and boundary conditions, is about 10 to 20 percent in the best case.
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Dear coastal and river engineering researchers,
I would appreciate some help from people who may be familiar with Flow, Sediment, and Wave related software with regards to the following:
- Is it possible to utilize SSIIM to model a combination of Flow, Sediment Transport, and Wave?
- What is the best software for simulation of flow, sediment transport, and wave combination?
Best regards,
Maryam Akbari
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The Flow-3D package could do this work, however its crack version 11.1 is not strong enough to modeing the sediment transport with high precision
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In HEC RAS model the software run my 1D-2D coupled data, but in RAS mapper result section this problem arise. How can i resolve this?
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Hello Arnab,
With respect to this issue, I suggest you share this as a public post via "https://www.kleinschmidtgroup.com/the-ras-solution]
where you can get more feedbacks from sediment modeling experts.
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I have a .XYZ file which contains SPM concentration over an area. The file is representative of an instantaneous time. I wish to prepare a .dfs2 file of this information in MIKE DHI.
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If you have an existing .dfs2 file that you wish to generate, I suggest you:
1) Load the existing dfs2 into batsf (bathymetry editor).
2) Load the xyz file in as "scatter data"
3) Then interpolate the scatter data into the dfs2, export as dfs2.
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The effects of land change and variability on river flows have been widely studied, but is there a new models to quantify and estimate this impact.
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you can use SWAT model
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studying hydrodynamic mechanism and sediment transport in coastal areas
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We're developing a distributed sediment transport model but lack an effective way of estimating D50, which is a sensible parameter in most transport capacity equations. Data that we have includes river width, stream order and upstream area as well as daily runoff and water level.
Would there be a simple way to estimate D50 in each river cell based on these parameters? Thank you very much!
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To caveat my answer, I'm a fluvial geomorphologist, and field data is essential to model development and application. Given that some models are developed without field data, but rely on remotely sensed data, I offer the following suggestions with the caveat that the model outputs will only be estimates and should be calibrated with field data.
1. You can develop a proxy relationship between stream slope and stream power to arrive at an estimated D50 using literature derived values of reported grainsize data or attempt a correlation with Shields (which would then necessitate flow and depth data).
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I am trying to model sediment transport through a porous breakwater device in a laboratory tank. Which software would be most efficient in solving sediment transport problems? 
I attached the CFD model wave actions using one software. This software does not have to function to solve sediment transport related problems. I now need to add sediment particles in the water (with the model shown) and measure the rate/mass of transport. 
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OpenFOAM
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I have problems with the software, dont run the simulation
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Hi Bill,
kind of, I remember that I achieved run the simulation, but I had to create a virtual computer on mi PC. On the virtual computer you need Windows XP (if my memory is right) and there you install the STFATE (short term fate) model.
Hope this could be useful.
Greetings
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Hi, i noticed on youtube that a lot of researchers change the unit of the degree slope map to radians on raster calculator while the original formula stays in degrees. because if we work by degrees, the result will be negative values, on the other hand in radians, there will be positive values.
Best regards
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You must go through my article: " A Review of RUSLE Model".
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Lots of attempt have been made to analyze sediment transport processes within submarine canyons using numerical modeling technique. What other importance could the said modeling serve?
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Numerical modelling has many advantages. It allows for examination of different processes that may influence circulation within canyons where it is difficult to make extensive measurements. It also allows for selecting regions to where measurements can be undertaken.
The difficulty with sediment transport processes is that in some regions the canyons are a conduit to transport sediment offshore (e.g. those in the Mediterranean) in contrast others are upwelling favorable and support a large ecosystems (oasis) in the ocean (e.g. Australia). Often they may support both depending on the oceanography.
Here are some papers that may interest you some modelling some observations:
Trotter JA, Pattiaratchi CB, Montagna P, Taviani M, Falter J, Thresher R, Hosie AM, Haig D, Foglini F, Hua Q & McCulloch MT. 2019. First ROV exploration of the Perth Canyon: canyon setting, faunal observations, and anthropogenic impacts. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, art. 173, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00173.
de Vos A, Pattiaratchi CB & Harcourt R. 2014. Inter-annual variability in blue whale distribution off southern Sri Lanka between 2011 and 2012. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2(3), 534–550.
Rennie SJ, Pattiaratchi CB & McCauley RD. 2009. Numerical simulation of the circulation within the Perth submarine canyon, Western Australia. Continental Shelf Research, 29(16), 2020–2036.
Rennie S, Hanson CE, McCauley RD, Pattiaratchi CB, Burton C, Bannister J, Jenner C & Jenner M-N. 2009. Physical properties and processes in the Perth Canyon, Western Australia: links to water column production and seasonal pygmy blue whale abundance. Journal of Marine Systems, 77(1–2), 21–44.
Poulos SE, Lykousis V, Collins MB, Rohling EJ & Pattiaratchi CB. 1999. Sedimentation processes in a tectonically active environment: the Kerkyra—Kefalonia submarine valley system (NE Ionian Sea). Marine Geology, 160, 25–44.
Ferentinos G, Collins MB, Pattiaratchi CB & Taylor PG. 1985. Mechanisms of sediment transport and dispersion in a tectonically active submarine valley/canyon system: Zakynthos straits, NW Hellenic trench. Marine Geology, 65(3–4), 243–269.
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Since the 1960's, several flow processes like turbidity current, gravity flows (debris flows, hyperpycnal flows etc), subaerial erosion, eustatic sea level fall, slope failures and few other processes have been published to initiate submarine canyon evolution. However, no clear canyon development processes down dip the ocean environment is yet explained in recent time.
Though few authors claim mass waisting is one obvious means of progressive canyon development through sediment transport but, I would like a more insightful and detailed answer.
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You can use various Satellite Image to analysis the eustatic sea-level rise mapping,
Modis Data
PSMSL sea level data
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I want to calculate watershed health using different parameters. The above mentioned parameters are part of the analysis.
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Dear Ravirej,
No, I don't think so. The index is a function of both the slope and the upstream contributing area per unit width orthogonal to the flow direction.
Regards
Bachir ACHOUR
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In a 12-meter-long straight channel, a gate with a pneumatic jack has been employed at about a meter before the butterfly outlet gate (used for adjusting the water height) so that it would be used to generate positive surge. When the gate is closed suddenly (in about 0.2 second), it causes an increase in the flow depth and thus conversion of the flow from steady to unsteady, the fact which results in wave progress. I would like to know whether this type of positive surge resulting from sudden closure of the gate (whether with an approximately 2.5 cm opening, or with a complete closure) could be modeled in a straight channel using Flow3D? what software program may be used for its simulation?
Best regards,
Maryam Akbari
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(I did not understand the setup, it would be nice if you show a schematic in a figure, I assume it is a free surface flow with a gate and a wave generator and one end)
Surge* governing equations (water hammer equations) are special form of full 3D Navier-Stokes. They have the exact structure of 2D Saint Venant (SWE) and 2D Euler equations mathematically. Back to your question, yes you can model it with Flow3D, model 3D N-S equation with moving object module as a boundary and you wold capture the wave due to closure of the gate. If your problem is symmetric in the transverse direction you may solve it with 2D layered averaged N-S solver of Flow3D as well.
PS:
* Surge in the literature of pump and pipeline means "water hammer", it is not the "storm surge" in the literature of coastal engineering
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I am writing my masters thesis in geology about sediment transport measuring currents with ADCP and doing sediment grains size analysis. Can anyone advise some methods or analysis I can do with this data?
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Dear Ali,
Yes, the ADCP is not able to cover first bin of measurement near the bed which is very essential to use for bed drag coefficient. But with fitting process it works and reliable. Check this paper please,
Thanks
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Hyperpycnal flows have been described as density underflows derived from the direct input of a sediment-laden fluvial current into a water body. Because of this definition, velocity profile and duration of hyperpycnal flows would reflect that of the parental river flood, and, typically, would have a steady and waxing-to-waning behaviour different from classic turbidity currents that are surge-like, waning flows. Facies models commonly include hyperpycnal flows as a type of sediment gravity flow, a group of flows in which sediment is transported downslope due to its excess density. Sediment gravity flows differ from hydrodynamic (fluvial) currents by the fact that in the former gravitational forces act directly onto the sediment and not onto the fluid as in a river current. So, if fluvial streams and hyperpycnal flows form a downslope continuum, can we label hyperpycnal flows as a kind of sediment gravity flow?
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Thanks Fernando very interesting question! In their seminal paper, Middleton and Hampton (1973) defined a sediment gravity flow as the flow of sediments or sediment-fluid mixtures under the action of gravity. These flows are distinguished from fluid gravity flows (or streamflows), in which a fluid is moved by gravity and the sediment is passively dragged by shear forces provided by the passing by flow. Although a sediment gravity flow can be subaqueous or subaerial in origin, in subaerial environments a flow can be classified as a sediment gravity flow only if gravity acting on sediment is the main driving force. As an example a turbulent flow (with sediment concentration below the Bagnold’s limit of 9%) in subaerial environment should be classified as a fluid gravity flow, since gravity acting on the fluid (water) is the main contribution to flow movement. In contrast, a similar flow in a subaqueous environment should be classified as a sediment gravity flow since driving forces will be associated to sediment in suspension.
But your question is very interesting, because in long lived hyperpycnal flow the forces that make the flow travel and advance (also on flat slopes) are not really related to the gravity acting on sediments, but are associated to the continuum “pumping” of the relatively dense river discharge. For this reason the flow head is slow moving (in contrary to “real” sediment gravity flows, characterized by a fast moving head having the excess of density). In consequence, hyperpycnal flows are not true sediment gravity flows to me.
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I am currently analysing the processes and sources of sediment in East-African rivers, lakes and floodplains using sediment tracing techniques. However, in all the soil plot samples and floodplain cores, we find a very distinct distribution of Cerium. My study site is located closely to the active carbonatite volcano 'Ol doinyo Lengai'. We are exploring the possibility of the redistribution of Cerium by the volcano, where besides traditional weathering processes (bottom-up from the mother material), the element is periodically infused from the atmosphere following volcanic eruptions giving rise to its peculiar surface distribution and floodplain peaks.
Is there anyone who has observed this behaviour of Cerium (or other elements) in East-Africa or other parts of the world? It would be a great help to me if you could share some of these findings.
With kind regards,
Maarten
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There are many carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks which gave host to REE mineralization, e.g. Kangankunde. One of the major host of cerium is monazite (CePO4). The heavy mineral may be concentrated in rivers and floodplains and is quite common in the weathering zone and soils within the clastic apron of the afore-mentioned magmatic rocks.
H.G.Dill
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I am looking for a high/good resolution bathymetry values along coastal India. MIKE C Maps are not freely available. I would be glad if someone shares it for research purpose. I would further like to know about other alternatives for bathymetry data. My work is on wave climate and long-shore sediment transport along the Western coast of India. Also land subsidence in deltas and its influence on floods along East coast of India.
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Mike C map bathymetry will be available with Companies or Institutes that have purchased the Licence for it, you can search for them. Other sources are private companies, port authorities that have done survey for your study area.
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We are looking at the effects of offshore wind farms on the hydrodynamics and sediment transport to assess the changes that a wind farm may induce in the Yucatan shelf. Our preliminary studies show that there is barely any effect and we would like to compare to other studies. We found some academic work, but it may be interesting to see reports from existing wind farms. Thanks! -Christian
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Hi,
I know Briceño-Zuluaga has some studies relating wind force and particles size across the Peruvian continental margin (especially in the Paracas bay. May be you can check those papers. Here some references:
Briceño-Zuluaga, F., Castagna, A., Rutllant, J. A., Flores-Aqueveque, V., Caquineau, S., Sifeddine, A., ... & Cardich, J. (2017). Paracas dust storms: Sources, trajectories and associated meteorological conditions. Atmospheric Environment, 165, 99-110.
Briceño-Zuluaga, F. J., Sifeddine, A., Caquineau, S., Cardich, J., Salvatteci, R., Gutierrez, D., ... & Machado, C. (2016). Terrigenous material supply to the Peruvian central continental shelf (Pisco, 14° S) during the last 1000 years: paleoclimatic implications. Climate of the Past, 12(3), 787-798.
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Can we say that sediment remobilization, transportation, and deposition processes are sub-sections of sediment redistribution process?
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Hi
The study of coastal erosion and redistribution of sediment occurs due to hydraulic action, wear and corrosion of particles.
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Research area-topic
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Hi
I suggest reading this article
''River bed deformations near banks and hydraulic structures due to river flow"
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The behaviour of the depositional surface over time is described by the sediment conservation equation, and is a function of the downwind sediment transport rate amd the concentration of sediment in transport over time, the latter measured largely by average dune height. The depositional surface rises over time, where the sediment budget is positive or influx exceeds outflux, and the balance is stored as the accumulation. A change from a positive sediment budget, where an accumulation forms, to one that is neutral (influx = outflux) or negative (influx < outflux) results in a bypass or erosional super-bounding surface, respectively. The super surface, therefore, bounds the accumulation, and accumulations and their capping super surfaces are the basic building blocks of eolian sequence stratigraphy.
  • G. Kocurek
  • K.G. Havholm
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Super bounding surfaces (super surfaces) facilitate delineation of internal genetic architecture, or sequence stratigraphy, of aeolian sandstones and help in distinguishing controls on aeolian accumulation, hiatuses in accumulation and preservation of such sandstones. Check this page:
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Most of sediment supply in mountain rivers comes from punctual events. These events can trigger hyperconcentrated flows or Debris Flows (DF) in headwater streams. However, I do not know any model linking sediment volume from DF and sediment transport during typical hydrological years. Do you know one please?
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It is unlikely that low frequency, episodic events that trigger landslides and debris flows can be found in "typical hydrological years". Our paper on sediment from a small ephemeral gully indicated the mechanisms to erode and deliver sediment correlated years with extreme flows. Roughly 5 named Tropical Storms were the episodes that produced conditions to deliver sediment from a small hydrologic unit in South Carolina. From my years in Oregon coast range, it was both severe rainfall events and sometimes activities like road building or clearcutting that contributed. Severe wildfires were another contributor. Because of this, we had several geologists and a hydrologist to help identify conditions relative to geology contacts and hyper steepness of terrain. There were instances when we avoided roading or clearcutting in sensitive terrain, or used special mitigation measures to end haul fill and buttress sensitive slopes. DF in high gradient streams may aggrade sections downstream to extent that slope undercutting and failure may occur in steep terrain, with unstable slopes.
It has been a few decades since I was involved with DF, so I am not current on present research, but I do not remember any models or hearing about models that would do well predicting episodic driven DF and the sediment delivery from them. The geologists who I worked with were good at identifying sensitive terrain with slope and geologic contacts/types, so in the age of GIS and improved inventory of geology, slope and soil detail, identifying sensitive or high risk conditions at landscape levels for modeling may be possible. Areas with higher rainfall risk are also fairly predictable in mountainous landscapes, yet conditions exposed to hurricanes, monsoons, typhones, and other high intensity or long duration events are not necessarily predictable.
In terrain with episodic DF, I would suggest using LiDAR flights periodically to identify changes, employing Change Detection in GIS when needed to address landform and channel changes periodically. These changes in headwater, unstable landscapes could be approximated and measurable. Both DF and sediment movement tend to be episodic, and some channel sections have low gradient or geologic constrictions that naturally tend to accumulate sediment, even appearing much like a pond landform with accumulated and stored sediment rather than water, or a braided channel system where grade changes abruptly from steep to low gradient.
On a local analysis scale of past DF activity, past aerial photos conducted and georeferenced at regular intervals may help define boundaries of failures, and then site visits to define more specifics as to depths of slope failure, estimated depths of channel scour and fill downstream that help define volumes of sediment. Sometimes layers of sediment can be defined, dated. The further downstream or down velley one goes, typically the greater the stream power to make changes and more area such as floodplains to incorporate sediments in less noticeable ways. Training received from Dr. David Rosgen' work suggested use of channel chains to help define and measure conditions where channels aggrade, degrade, or conditions of channel degrading during severe event, then aggrading after the event in recession. His work or normalizing flow and sediment to bankfull conditions appeared promising relative to studying specific circumstances. Measuring steamflow and sediment under conditions of DF also has many issues for normal stream and channel instrumentation.
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My aim is to study the interaction of the tidal turbines on the environment, with a focus on sediment in the ocean. Thanks for your advice...
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What type of turbine will you consider in your simulations (gravity based or floating)? what will be the discretization of your computational grid (same size of your turbine or larger than your turbine)?
Delft3d uses a hydrostatic approximation (vertical accelerations are not considered) and Mike 3 has a non-hydrostatic version. This might have an impact in your results.
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This system of alluvial fans fall in Eastern side of Egypt. Flash floods flow to the sea with huge sediment load. it is required to study this process to find out the change in the topography in that region due to repetitive flood events and the change in sea shore line as well.
Please suggest references and software.
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@ Ahmad S. Yasien Al-Gurairy
Thank you, I will try to get some of these reports
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I need to know about hydraulic structures used to trap sediment transport in rivers in order to protect the intake structures of small power plants from getting clogged. I would appreciate some good book names, journal papers, websites, experiments, etc.
Many thanks in advance.
Zafer Bozkus
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Bed-load removal can be done by using a sill to separate the clean upper part of the water for the diversion, which is why side weirs have an elevation higher than bed level. You could also use bottom inlet with racks, any sediment that is not trapped on the trash racks and comes along with the flow can be managed the following way: you can have a pond or stilling basin with a side and bottom outlet: the side outlet will be used to the power plant usage, the bottom outlet will be used to flush the accumulated sediments at suitable intervals. Usually a percentage of diverted water will have to be lust for continuous flushing (around 10%). You could also use mechanical dredging of the sediment ponds with moving cranes, etc.
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Looking at the SWE equations and at some discretization I found that it was argued here and there that the diffusion part can be neglected since it is somehow contained in the bottom roughness part. Clearly, turbulent diffusion takes energy out of the system but in contrast to the roughness term this is marginal. I would rather say that turbulent diffusions is mimicked by numerical diffusion of lower order schemes and that in the absence of numerical diffusion higher order schemes can be terribly wrong if turbulent diffusion is neglected. Moreover, I would really questions all this simplifications and rather go for even solving for the transport part of turbulence since this is important in 2d models for the horizontal advection of turbulence, which is quite important for many applications like sediment transport or simulation of 2ndary currents. Otherwise, I think that eddying regimes cannot be really reproduced by such crude simplifications. However, I did now wrote several SWE codes on unstructured grids during the last year and I am just now starting to take a deep look into it and therefore I would be thankful for some discussion in this direction.
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Indeed, it is rather vertical turbulent diffusion that is often parameterized
by the friction term (in which roughness plays a role, among other things).
You can find an attempt at rigorous derivation of the friction term from vertical turbulent diffusion under standard asymptotic scaling assumptions for shallow water models in
In the horizontal, turbulent diffusion models are employed in many cases, see e.g.
Many other references to similar work can be found in the literature. Clearly there is a problem when numerical diffusion from a low order method overlaps with that coming from the turbulence model, but this would happen in 3d as well.In some cases, I have argued myself that the magnitude of the numerical diffusion is APPROXIMATELY equivalent to what would be provided by a turbulence model, but this is very much resolution dependent and cannot be taken as a general rule. An interesting alternative to full 3D models are multilayer models, see
for a rigorous derivation and
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2018.03.017
for an efficient discretization.
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Currently studying a similar topic (application of CFD to monitor effects of sediment transportation within the vicinity of bridge piers), wondering if you had much luck with this topic and fluent, and if you have a paper you could share? Chris
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Please browse through my work you will find a paper and full text.. Good luck..
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Who can give me informations about a fossil finding out of the Middle Miocene Upper Freshwater Molasse from Untereichen-Altenstadt (western part of Bavaria, Southern Germany)?
In 2009 there I could find a fossil fragment (~ 20 x 10 cm) of a limb bone from a proboscidian (Proboscidea indet., perhaps Deinotherium => a mandibular fragment and several teeth of Deinotherium bavaricum came out very in the near of the limb bone fragment). Object storage: Coll. of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart.
The surface of this fossil bone shows an unusual structure with maximum diameters of ~ 4 x 2 cm, maybe a pressure mark from an object laying directly above the proboscidian bone before the process of fossilisation started (see fotos attached). Can anyone help me to identify, what happened with the proboscidian bone from Untereichen-Altenstadt before it petrified?
Thanks and best wishes;
Volker
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Volker:
Just taking liberty of indulging in a wild guess: looking at the shape and geometry of depression mark, it looks like being caused by a pristine injury,
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For hydropower development, need to calculated sediment deposition study,
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Thank you for your valuable recommendation, i am doing stochastic calculation now..
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The watershed management practice is trapping the water along with the sediments, which used to be transferred to the estuary region. These sediments in turn transported to the coasts, the food for that landscape !
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Thank you.
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River, soil-bank erosion, sediment transport, hydraulic jump,etc.
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Free flow problems on spillways, whatever shape , such a cavitation can be considered, other applications are performance of such weirs,  Scour and deposition problems, water surface elevations and corresponding depths especially in junction
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Research area-topic.
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good discussion,  sediment management is a big issue.
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From the watershed and sediment management point of view, which aspects and effective factors of Functional and Structural sediment connectivity should be paid attention?
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Dear Robert,
Thank you for your explanation. I agree with your view. But there is one thing which need to be paid attention. Generally we think that functional connectivity is depends on the structural connectivity but I think some sediment transport processes (such as Sediment Storage or Sediment Redistribution) are due to of inconsistency between structural and functional connectivity.
I would like to know what you and other readers think about this matter.
Best wishes,
Saeed
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Does anyone know about the sediment transport in bend of channels or river?
I want to know about the modeling problems in channel's bend. Also, I want to know about the secondary flow in this phenomena.
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I am sorry Haitham but I have to differ on you on that point.I assume you mean sediment transport questions, but even then stating that these can be solved by the Navier-Stokes equations is a too big of a generalization.
Leaving the purely theorethical side apart and just focusing on the practical part of it there are some issues to consider:
- First of all it is the issue of the "transportability" or the "movebility" of the sediments. On that regard there is still a lot that is not fully understood and where the developed models (sediment transport equations) still fail by a factor of 2 (range between 50 - 200%) under simple geometry conditions, not to say in more complex geometries. 
- 3D simulation requires such large amounts of computing capacity that either you need a super computer or you can only do it for a fairly small reach (and then you need to know your boundary conditions pretty well or you use a very coarse resolution. The last two approaches involve the introduction of errors and even the first one, relies on the not so well understood theories.
- There is the option of carrying out Direct Numerical Simulation, but that is still a growing field of research.
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Actually I am trying to have an idea on sediment concentration along sea shore. But, I do not have any sediment data for sea of that study area. I want to know if it is possible to calculate Representative sediment concentration using WAVE and WIND current.
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In these two websites you can find how to estimate the longshore sediments transport on sandy beaches. Good luck
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What are the main differences and similarities between Functional and Structural sediment connectivity?
Can we say they are acting in watersheds independently?
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Hello Saeed,
You can think of 'structural' features as elements that exist in the landscape or environment, even when there is no runoff or sediment transport (i.e. during dry weather). They might include the location and dimensions of patches of bedrock outctop, or patches of plants, or gullies, rills, roads, bunds, etc. 'Functional' connectivity means how the connectivity actually operates when the system is transporting water and sediment. This would clearly depend on things like the length of time rain lasts, how intense the rain is, how wet the soil might already have been when rain began. Structural connectivity in general would only change relatively slowly, but the 'functional' connectivity could change from minute-to-minute or over hours.
Hope this helps,
best wishes
David
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The Mouse delve many channel in soil plot.
Photo is attached.
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Bioturbation is the reworking and mixing of soil/sediment at
the sediment–water interface by soil living macroinvertebrates mostly and benthic macroinvertebrates and fish, accomplished collectively by burrowing,
feeding, irrigation, resuspension, secretion, excretion and
transporting activities of organisms, which alter the structure and properties of the soil/sediment and thereby influence diffusive
and/or advective transport of both solutes and particulate matters
(Koretsky et al., 2002; De Haas et al., 2005; Janssen et al.,
2005;Meysmanet al., 2006).
To get an idea you may read our paper published in Ecological Engineering: 35 (2009) 1444–1453 (Bioturbation potential of chironomid larvae for the sediment–waterphosphorus exchange in simulated pond systems of varied nutrient enrichment).
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I'm currently screening for marine halophiles that have the ability to degrade alkanes (hexane, heptane, etc.) and am limited to culture-based methods. What's the best way to do this while taking in to consideration how volatile the hydrocarbons are?
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Dear PM Baquiano__!
Your question is interesting. I am also working on organic geochemistry but the thing is that I myself is a starter and can't answer... I am requesting the other members to kindly answer the question if anyone have the specialty. Thanks 
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Dear colleague, I would like to calculate sediment transport in a little stream (10cm depth with a current of around 0.2 m/s). 
I'm looking for simple formulae using simple parameters and/or a software. I'v already tried Schoklitsch and Rickenmann, but i'm not sure of the results... (0.0004 m3/s/m) It seems quite important.
What do you think ?
thanks
regards
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Dear Adrien Cartier,
You may find more than one formula in the attached paper.
Regards,
Rzger
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Alveolina and Nummulite from Early Ypressian in Egypt, I need your kind help to identify them specifically and their precise age assignment. Also, if you can recommend me Professor of Larger Foraminifera for contact about that issue?
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Alveolina is an extinct genus of foraminifera that are spherical or elliptical chambers are formed by transversely subdivided into Cambreta
alveolina: Upper Paleocene - middle Eocene
scientific classification
domain : Eukaryota
United : Eukaryota
Superfílum : Reta
class : Polythalamea
order : Miliolida
superfamily : Alveolinacea
Genre : alveolina †
go through the book Foraminifera By J.R. Haynes
A nummulite is a large lenticular fossil, characterized by its numerous coils, subdivided by septa into chambers. These are common in Eocene to Miocene marine rocks, particularly around southwest Asia and the Mediterranean (e.g. Eocene limestones from Egypt). 
Nummulites
Temporal range: Tertiary
Scientific classification
Domain:EukaryotaKingdom = Protozoa
(unranked):SAR
(unranked):Rhizaria
Superphylum:Retaria
Phylum:Foraminifera
Order:Rotaliida
Superfamily:Nummulitacea
Family:Nummulitidae
Genus:NummulitesLamarck, 1801
Dr. Arun Deo Singh
Professor, Ph. D. (BHU)
Contact Information:
Tel.+91-542-2366070,Fax: +91-542-2368390
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Hello,
I want a complete database on dams in North Africa (Morroco, Algeria, Tunisia).
I have already collected a databases "GRanD" and "AQUASTAT" , but they only contain large dams. I want to complete my database by small dams.
Thank you in advance if you have ideas to find these small dams.
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Global database of dams (but I´m not sure that it includes small dams):
UNEP GEOdata from United Nations Environment Programme:
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hi,, I'm working on sediment transport problem with CFD, while creating mesh, the minimum sediment particle size is 0.65mm, so in order to track and analysis sediment particle, I need to make my minimum element size of mesh is lesser than 0.65. or I can increase the grid size.  please help me,, thanks
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To track and analyze the sedimentation of a particle in the mesh, the minimum element size of mesh must be greater than the particle size. I hope it helps.
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I would like to know the practice of municipal council throughout the world on their practice for sedimentation cleaning of sewer. The paper by Lange and Wichern (2013) published in Water Science & Technology (Volume 68; Issue:4, 756-762) titled "Sedimentation dynamics in combined sewer systems" stated that in North Rhine-Westphalia, MURL (1995) suggested to clean the sewer when the sediment deposit reaches 15% of the pipe diameter. Is there any technical justification for this? If so, what are the reference that I can referred to?
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Porque Si Una heno ón lo más probable es que aumente y será más difícil. Además la descarga hacia el alcantarillado tiende claramente a aumentar por el crecimiento poblacional.
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I want to simulate bead collision in fluid, the bead size is similar to the fluid flow characteristic length, e.g. 1/5 of flow depth. I found that most of existing CFD-DEM coupling code or software can only deal particles which are much smaller that mesh size. And I do believe the wake and other flow features around bead should be resolved in my problem. I am looking for a more direct and simple method  than linking a cfd code with dem code using immersed boundary method, anyone get a clue?
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Yi,
You may want to check our our method with coarse graining based on diffusion.  It can deal with particles that are comparable to the cell size. The code is called "sediFoam", available publicly at: 
Related publications are attached below. Contact me at hengxiao@vt.edu for further information.
Alternatively, you should look at immersed boundary method which resolves particle boundaries.  This would work if you have a small number of particles (e.g., less than 100); See the work of (Kempe & Frohlich), cited in our works.
Best,
Heng Xiao
--- 
Heng Xiao, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Aerospace and Ocean Engineering 
Virginia Tech
311-A Randolph Hall (0203) 
Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
T: +1 (540) 231 0926
R. Sun* and H. Xiao. SediFoam: A general-purpose, open-source CFD-DEM solver for particle-laden flows with emphasis on sediment transport. Computers and Geosciences, 89, 207-219, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.01.011 Also available at: arxiv: 1601.03801
R. Sun* and H. Xiao. Diffusion-based coarse graining in hybrid continuum–discrete solvers: Theoretical formulation and a priori tests. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 77, 142-157, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.08.014 Also available at: arxiv:1409.0001
R. Sun* and H. Xiao. Diffusion-based coarse graining in hybrid continuum–discrete solvers: Applications in CFD–DEM. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 72, 233-247, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.02.014 Also available at arxiv:1409.0022
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Dear All
I am working on numerical simulation of morphological changes in  behind submerged breakwaters. At the present stage I need a set of useful experimental or field data, which could be used for validating the numerical model (in my case, DELFT3D).However, in spite of extensive search for such data, I could not find anything except some studies on emerged breakwaters. 
Does anybody know where can I find such data?
In case no such data is available, what is the best approach for model validation?
Kind Regards
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Hi Moin, please check Ranasinghe and Sato (2007) - Beach morphology behind single impermeable submerged breakwater under obliquely incident waves,” Coastal Engineering Journal 49 (1), 1-24 for some data from small-scale physical models. I think should be good enough for model validation.
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I want to model erosion and sedimentation process within a small ungauged catchment. so far i have not yet found a good model that i can use to do so. I came across WaTEM/SEDEM, but i am not familiar with it. I want someone who has used this, to help me. Does it require discharge data?
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Dear Manoah,
You may download it from the following link:
IntErO software (2011)
I will be available at my mail:
Looking forward to you mails soon,
Dr. Sc. Velibor SPALEVIC
1, Novaka Miloseva, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
Mob: +382 (0)67 201 222
Mob: +382 (0)68 201 222
Viber: +382 (0)69 201 222
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Basset force is a term defining history of particle motion in any unsteady viscous flow. It is also a fact that due to the lag occurring in the formation of boundary layer in any decelerating or accelerating particle, this term comes into picture. So can it be understood that in flow full of secondary circulations generated by inflexion in shear stress, Basset force will be a dominant force?  
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Dear Himanshu,
When we account the particle-bed collision, Basset force consideration is important. Generally fine sediments rest near bed, there calculation of Basset force can be taken.
Calculation procedure can be seen from some papers.
With Regards
Bimlesh
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Let us consider I have a small dam on which I would like to perform and analysis of siltation and model its dynamics.
What could be some appropriate models for that ? Depending on the model to be used, what kind of data do I need to gather ? If they are historical data, what should be, ideally, on a rough estimate, the appropriate timespan ?
I believe the question is very broad (and possibly not very well stated), but I am mostly interested in the approach. In case one has already performed a siltation modelling case, some links and ideas would be very much appreciated. Thanks.
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I feel this is very good example of bed level variation due to afflux , i.e. aggradation. 
You need to solve the basic equation for flowing fluid in open channel, i.e. Saint Venants equation , along with sediment continuity equation.
Broadly, if we talk, we should have surveyed cross sections (original) for proposed reservoir, upstream and downstream boundry conditiobs for water and sediment discharge and properties of bed material including a robust sediment transport formula for inclusion in numerical model!!!
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I have been coming across this term for more than 10 times still do not understand it, I have not found any simple or comprehensive meaning of the term, but it appears a lot in the literature I read for my research.
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If a researcher measures something over a period of time or applies an equation that was developed, but did not measure the full extent or period that is desired for the estimate, it is important to note the data was extrapolated.  Perhaps a study was on a smaller hydrologic unit or sampled sediment transport based on a few storms and various flows, but was unable to sample bankfull or floods, the rate found may be extended to higher flows based on sediment data relationship with flow , but in doing so is extrapolated data, not sampled.  It is most often used when someone is predicting and doesnt have full data to support the extremes or period or specific circumstances.  It is not unusual to see this, and is somewhat based on the authors professionalism and integrity to extrapolate when there is reason to do it, such as with well correlated data, and avoid extrapolating when no reason to do.  If I took 1000 stream samples, but seldom sampled during stormflow, it would not be appropriate in most instances to exttrapolate this for sediment averages, extremes, total, etc.  If I took data from one storm, it would not be appropriate to extrapolate to all storms.  I hope that helps.
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I want to calculate the sediment delivery ratio(SDR) in a small watershed(area<1 km2) based on RUSLE and DEM (5*5m), what should the procedures be ?
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Dear all,
I read some papers on both FVM and DEM for simulating sediment transport in channels and each of them has had good results. Regarding that FVM is better for fluids simulation (considering the volume for fluids) and DEM is better for particle motion simulation(the heart of DEM is the force between particles), which one finally is better?
Thanks
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Dear Mr. Mohajeri, Thank you for the document. I have read it already. If someone get interested in DEM Prof. Kimberly Hill from the University of Minnesota has been working on DEM especially in sediment transport area.
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I am researching about cross-shore sediment transport and I focus on studying long bound wave. Are there any research suggestion about impact of long bound waves on cross-shore sediment transport?
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Dear Dao
may be you find some thing in this chahpter
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I am trying to develop both numerical and physical model to investigate about the sediment transport phenomena of erodible material from peatland. Could you give me references about this topic?
Thank you
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Wow!  I think you addressed the drainage, drying and then expansion during periods of wetness making it unstable.  From appearances, the cracks remind me of road fill materials that crack due to saturation, develop a crack and perhaps drop, before the eventual landslide.  The crack becomes a place where even more water gathers and overloads the slope, resulting in slope failure.  However, I have to say that this peat failure is outside of my experience, but the mechanisms may be similar. The cracking of peat, expansion and delivery of peat, does it have any similarities to gully type delivery, or just slope failure, I did not see obvious channels that  were delivering peat, so I would guess mass failure, due to overloading with water and inability of the material to support its weight.  Does the ocean undercut the peat banks that could lead to peat slope failure?  It is not uncommon if it is a slope failure that changing vegetation from deep rooted species and perhaps a degree of disturbance or cultivation will alter the stability. 
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What is the rationale behind the selection of such grain size?
Can somebody provide any relevant references on the methodology for sampling fine grain active stream sediments?
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Dear Dr. Campos,
your question is closely linked to the scope of your project. Each grain size fraction has its special meaning. I can only speculate on your aim. For chemical analysis, I used to take the grain size interval < 63 µm, for placer and heavy mineral investigation it is wise to take the fraction between 63 and 300 µm. In this case you should know which part of the drainage system you are going to sample. Sometimes, a maximum size of 300 µm can be too low. I realized this when I was looking for cassiterite in the upper reaches of fluvial drainage system. For provenance analysis or stream sediment analysis focusing on target selection it is often also prudent to combine sand-sized material with pebble analysis. I want to make you aware of the geological and geomorphologic setting which both play also a significant part when it comes to constrain the size interval.
I renounce to refer to any paper, because each of the studies behind those publications should have gone through some "brain-storming" with regard to this issue prior to any sampling.
Good luck !
Harald G. Dill
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I want to determine speed of sediment based on grain size of sediment. whether researchers here know and can share this item.
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Hi there!
There are a number of options. The paper by Fergusn & Church (2006) has already been mentioned. I can add related publications by Le Roux in Sedimentary Geology 81 (1992), 101 (1996) and 149 (2002), and Computer & Geoscience 23 (1997). However, if you just want to know the settling velocities of particular (spherical) grain sizes as a function of water temperature, you could simply look into the table published by Gibbs et al. (1971) in the Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 71 (today called Journal of Sedimentary Research) which is attached to this message.
Regards,
Burg Flemming