Science topic

Secondary Prevention - Science topic

Secondary Prevention is the prevention of recurrences or exacerbations of a disease that already has been diagnosed. This also includes prevention of complications or after-effects of a drug or surgical procedure.
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How does attachment style impact relapse prevention in addiction field
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Nucleus accumbens, reward system, dopamine, expression of c fos gene
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Is there a "J" curve, below which the risk outweighs the benefits with the more intensive statin dosing?
Lower cut-off points among patients using statins for either primary or secondary prevention?
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Chih Hao Chen-Ku is right !! However, Odyssey is the "longest" study on PCSK9 inhibitors, is a phase 3 Study (!) on FH heterozygous patients (plus other no well classified HLP), with a follow up of max 3 yr if I remember well ! In my opinion, low LDLc may cause problems in several cell functions in the long period. Human newborn have very low "natural" LDLc level and live well (!), but the mean values is about 50+ mg/dL of LDLc !!!!  (30-70). The "low plasma LDL cholesterol" in adults is a complex (and "thorny") problem. 
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I would like to know the changes in statin prescription rates and cholesterol treatment guidelines over time (i.e. from the introduction of statins until the present time in the United States and Europe). I am especially interested in the context of secondary prevention of embolic stroke. Are you aware of any published data or do you know where I can find out-dated versions of cholesterol treatment guidelines? Thank you for your suggestions.
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Each organissation develops their own clinical guidelines. Depending on your research you should target each country and the national organisation in charge of developing the guidelines. For Spain you can find the information on this website: :http://portal.guiasalud.es/web/guest/guias-practica-clinica. they collect all the different clinical guidelines developed by the different regional governments (17 in Spain), so usually if they exist you can find them on this website, if not I;m afraid that you should contact each autonomous community  one by one.
You could contact Guia Salud (through the website)and ask if they keep track of old guidelines.
For European Countries having different regional health governments (Germany, Italy) you will probably face the same problems of non-centralised information.
For UK, they use the guidelines of NECP , ATP III, as mentioned ,through the NIH you can find them easily on their website, the one I found is from 2002 and I also  found an 2004 update in an interesting  article: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/atp3upd04.pdf    ,page 237
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  •  The use of acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) is the standard therapy for secondary prevention following atherotrombotic brain infarction or myocardial infarction.
Due to the risk of bleeding complications, platelet inhibitors are not recommended for primary prevention in patients with cerebrovascular risk. According to Goltz L et al. (2014) there are inconsistent data concerning the use of ASS for primary prevention in patients with increased cardiovascular risk and cerebrovascular risk.
(L Goltz, U Bodechtel, T Siepmann: Statins and ASS for primary prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. DMW 2014; 139(6):283-286)
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the best evidence so far was collected by goldstein regarding the use of aspirin:
1. The use of aspirin for cardiovascular (including but not specific to stroke) prophylaxis is recommended for persons whose risk is sufficiently high for the benefits to outweigh the risks associated with treat- ment (a 10-year risk of cardiovascular events of 6% to 10%) (Class I; Level of Evidence A).
2. Aspirin (81 mg daily or 100 mg every other day) can be useful for prevention of a first stroke among women whose risk is sufficiently high for the benefits to outweigh the risks associated with treatment (Class IIa; Level of Evidence B).
3. Aspirin is not useful for preventing a first stroke in persons at low risk (Class III; Level of Evidence A).
this can be found in this article:
Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, Appel LJ, Braun LT, Chaturvedi S, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011. pp. 517–84.
also regarding aspirin as primary stroke prevention:
McCarthy M. FDA questions use of aspirin for primary prevention of stroke and heart attack. BMJ. 2014;:g3168.