Sea Level Changes - Science topic

For sure. The balance between sedimentary supply, i.e. topography and climate, the rate of subsidence, local and global changes in sea level, local disturbances such as an asteroid impact, seismicity and any other have the power to leave a signature in the sedimentary record.

Absolutely on the point dear Anamitra.

It is the concern point.

Most aircrafts aren't technologically water lending functional furthermore tidal waves is the biggest risk.

Thanks again.

Fatema

Dear Norman Malcolm McClure. You understand the problem very well. I found a drawing that illustrates the processes that need to be studied simultaneously and in parallel. If these processes are not taken into account, then there will be short-term errors, as shown in the Photograph of Odessa, where the tide height is 5 cm. But in this case, for three years, the measurement error is greater than the measured value.

See https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/ and the publication by Beckley et al referenced there.

Hello, Champa Rani Saha, I have download the satellite altimetry data of regional sea level rise from the website of https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/lsa/SeaLevelRise/LSA_SLR_timeseries_regional.php. Maybe you can try to find and download some data from it.

In NASA is plenty of info about satellites detecting sea level. An uninterrupted series of satellites has collected sea level measurements for nearly 30 years.

Go on page

https://nasasearch.nasa.gov/search?query=sea+level+measurement+satellites&affiliate=nasa&utf8=%E2%9C%93

and explore both the listed info and for each satellite the available access to detected datasets.

Follow even the activity of new Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich on the page

I know it is a sort of "donkey work" but you have to persist.

Check also NOAA, https://www.noaa.gov , you can find something also there searching for "sea level".

Good work

Dear Dr. Saha,

Tidal rhythmites sensu stricto occurring in what is called the intertidal zone result from periodical physical processes of alternating ebb and flood and first and foremost not affected by salinity variations. The tidal environment can roughly be subdivided into three zones, sub-, intra- and suprtidal. Considering the Ca sulfate system represented by gypsum and anhydrite may provide a different picture for the subtidal (basinal) and supratidal (sabkha) zones, where near the coast in combination with OM (algal growth), carbonate minerals such as huntite and particular clay minerals of the hormite group (palygorskite) a crude rhythmic lamination can be observed . In the latter zone the salinity changes can easily be recognized by the ubiquitous but variable accumulation of halite cubes. It is a function of the lateral facies changes which have a control on the fine-tuning of the salinity and last-but-not least the presence of laminated or rhythmic sedimentary sequences.

H.G.Dill

thank you Tarek M El-Geziry

Yes. In Florida, USA, due to destruction of wetlands there have been issues with sea water contaminating potable water as well as septic tank water getting into water tables. They are now working on reversing the trend by trying to restore wetlands to some extent as well as providing connectivity among bodies of fresh water.

Hello Maryam,

Geochemical - mineralogical proxies can be very site specific and depend on the lithology of the watershed. It may be useful to try to distinguish the watershed/fluvial geochemical and/or mineralogical signatures from the coastal/marine ones. If there are other sources of sediments characterized by a different geochemistry, transported to the Arvand delta by longshore transport, or other coastal processes, it is likely the their concentrations will be higher during transgressive phases. Another thing to look into is the dominant grain-size modes between the fluvial and marine sediments. Attached is a paper referring to marine versus fluvial sedimentation in estuarine environment.

Regards,

Mike

Thanks for the assistance @ Junjie Deng ...

Sir,

Kindly find attached documents

Regards

The degree of climate risks and its nature differs in different ecosystems. Since these risks are different, their impacts also vary from one landscape to other. We should take into account all these components to understand climate risks and the absorption capability of that particular landscape considering the land management practices of the community. Therefore, an attempt should be made focusing on community-specific multi-climate risks model at the landscape level. Simultaneously, awareness programs (to enhance the absorption and adaptation capacity of the local community) should be taken which will further be helping for boosting climate (risks) resilience policy implementation.

There is a lot of confusion in the answers to this question. Let us all recall the main question being asked: 

Dear Professor Towe,

the climate is complex topic but is possible to know in simple way if we can obtain information on the future by observing the past?

Thanks in advance

Thank you for your answers

I had a quick look at the Sathiamurthy & Voris paper which concludes that:

"At 22 ka BP, prior to the terminal stage of the LGM, which started at 21 ka BP, sea level was at -116 m below present -day MSL."

It is likely that LGM ice/water relationship had a very negligible effect on Relative Sea Level on the Sunda Shelf compared with local isostatic depression due to sediment loading. Changes in topography were a consequence of uplift caused by intermittent subduction along the island chain causing mountains to rise, erosion, runoff and deposition on the shelf, which was depressed by the incremental sediment load there. Those changes were intermittent in time and space and it would require dated stratigraphy of Holocene age cored sediments to unravel the local sequence of events. Present seabed and land topography is completely irrelevant to the solution of your problem and eustasy is an unnecessary distraction.

Hello Doha,

you can derive changes of water mass from time variable gravity data if you correct the for changes originating from the atmosphere and the solid earth (i.e. mainly glacial isostatic adjustment and earthquakes). There are different techniques used to suppress noise and inhibit signal leakage from areas outside the study area.

You can retrieve time variable gravity fields from eg.:  http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/ICGEM/. For further processed data (equivalent water levels) and recipes how to process the data you might check here: https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/datasetlist?ids&values&search=tellus

Regards, Saskia Esselborn

There is quite a prolific literature attempting to address the relative importance of those factors in the development of thick coal measures.  Although I don't follow this literature very closely, it seems clear that the waxing and waning of ice sheets in the Late Paleozoic played a major role in the climate/vegetation dynamic across Pangea. 

My sense is that evaluation of many of the classic cyclothem successions are likely extracting the most robust signal, in part because the repeated marine incursions offer an important indication of relative sea level (and often its trajectory). 

Here are a few relevant publications that might be a good starting point for further research:

Dear Syed Azharuddin

As you know concentration of atmospheric CO2 has great effect on CO2 of the ocean the calcium carbonate producer organisms are affected by sea-level fluctuation. Therefore sea-level fluctuation can change the habitat of these organism as one of the most factor of CaCO3 source.

Cline and Hayes (1976) have been studied variation of CaCO3 of the ocean with paleoclimatic and sea-level fluctuation previously (see link below). by the study you will receive data of Late Quarternary.

 link:  https://books.google.com/books?id=N0N7OEM-zuIC&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=concentration+of+CaCO3+and+sea-level+fluctuation&source=bl&ots=vxMmhN7YwG&sig=3_do7OOSiJCSxSnp3x55BUuAszo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMI06TG2cjrxwIVxTsaCh3rQw83#v=onepage&q=concentration%20of%20CaCO3%20and%20sea-level%20fluctuation&f=false

Giresse (2007) interpreted cyclic variation of CaCO3 in Quaternary sediment and its relationship with sea-level fluctuation as case study (west of Africa) (see link below).

link: https://books.google.com/books?id=yDEgBDlU3CsC&pg=PA181&lpg=PA181&dq=concentration+of+CaCO3+and+sea-level+fluctuation+Quaternary&source=bl&ots=QMGmLQW49g&sig=xCtHrk_sjM2bs5NZj2i9rn1wug4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAWoVChMI4oPvoMvrxwIVgn4aCh0SkQC2#v=onepage&q=concentration%20of%20CaCO3%20and%20sea-level%20fluctuation%20Quaternary&f=false

However Global Quarternary sea-level change has controlled by climatic change, therefore organic and inorganic factors of  CaCO3 factors are affected by climatic change. I propose you to check Recent Quaternary Science Reviews Articles which deal with Quarternary climatic change, sea-level fluctuation and CaCO3 concentration (see link below).

link: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/quaternary-science-reviews/recent-articles/

Regards

Massih

That's a huge question. As with any modelling, when you choose your model you need to have some idea of what questions you're trying to answer. Are you interested in timescales of months, years, thousands, 100 000s of years? Total global changes, or local effects? What spatial resolution do you need? Do you want to be able to make future predictions (again over what timescale?) Are you trying to compare to data from altimetry/gravity missions/GPS/tide gauges/salt marshes/corals? Are you interested in thermal-steric effects (expansion of water with rising temperatures), or addition of water due to ice-melt? You might need a model of the ice or land-water storage for this part. What about changes to tides, or storminess? Do you need to know about vertical land movement, geoid changes, glacial rebound, subsidence due to ground-water changes, tectonic movement?

In practice, there isn't - and may never be - a model that can incorporate all of these elements, so you have to break the problem down and tackle it in stages. That's why there's quite a few people working on this!

Dear Mr. Mortazaei

You can check Mashadi et al. (1392) which available in link below:

Ershadi et al. (2013) is attached

or GSI report of Chahbahar area

other reports which is assigned to Ports and Maritime Organization

Regads

Massih

As far as I know, corals are a good indicator. I see a lot of papers cited in this page: https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch6s6-4-3-2.html  Perhaps you can study them further, I guess there are good publications.

Also, here you have a paper from Australia; I know is not Indonesia but it is not half a globe away: http://studentresearch.wcp.muohio.edu/coralreefs/coralssealevelchange00.pdf

Try  have a look in here as well:

Good luck,

Vlad

Hi Peter:

Try this publication in the USGS Library. I think you will find what you are looking for in Figure 1.

Past, Present, and Future Sea Level Rise and Effects on Coasts Under Changing Global Climate (Chapter C of Sand Resources, Regional Geology, and Coastal Processes of the Chandeleur Islands Coastal System: an Evaluation of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge). Scientific Investigations report 2009-5252.

Dear Prof. John Andeson.

Thank you for providing the papers on MIS 3 sea level changes. I have read some papers written by you and your colleagues. You and your colleagues have done some nice work on MIS 3 sea level recorded in the coastal ocean area.

Cheers, Fei.

Please look at this: Bratton, J.F., Colman, S.M., Thieler, E.R. and Seal, R.R.I. 2003. Birth of the modern Chesapeake Bay estuary 7.4 to 8.2 ka and implications for global sea-level rise. Geo-Marine Letters, v. 22, 188-197

My comment: The ca. 20 m rise is less likely.

Hi Syed,

I suggest you take a look on the paper " Orbital-driven cyclicity and the role of halokinesis on accommodation within siliciclastic to carbonate, shallow-water Albian deposits in the Espírito Santo Basin, southeastern Brazil".Cretaceous Research. Volume 35, June 2012, Pages 22–32;  DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2011.11.008

Besides, you can search for my PhD thesis, which main goal is to define the origin of the carbonate, hybrid and siliciclastic Albian rocks that occur in the Espirito Santo basin, Brazil. Forteen lithofacies were described and organized into eigth facies sucession, whose superposition confirmed an allocyclic nature of the facies succecssion. A depositional/paleoclimate model was proposed to explain the vertical succession of the lithologies within an high-frequency "ideal sedimentary cycle" as well as the regional arrangement of the main lithologies at the 3rd  order scale. On its elaboration, both autogenic (terrigenous input delivered to the coast by ephemeral fluvial floods and in situ production of carbonate - oncolites, bioclastics and oolites - particles  the redistribution of both by longshore currents and storm events and allogenic (climate changes controlled by orbital cycles) processes were taken into account. The sedimentary succession is organized as high-frequency, 100 Ky  cycles (short eccentricity in the Milankovitch scale) forming repeated transgressive-regressive (T – R) cycles. The preservation of the cycicity within the studied section is ascribed to the high siliciclastic sedimentation rate favoring salt escape and increasing accomodation.

Dear Sally, 

The attached Gedan et al (2011) paper covers may be of use. The paper, "Uncertain Future of New England salt marshes" provides an examination of four emerging threats to salt marshes: Temperature increase, accelerating eutrophication, salt marsh die off and sea level rise. 

The authors note that although salt marshes in New England seem to have kept up with sea level rise thus far, projections of acceleration of sea level rise may pose new problems (in particular the die off of cordgrass due to climate variability). They go on to note that this and other processes may lead to some salt marshes to turn to open water in the next century.

Andrew

Hi Devi,

maybe these are not really "paleostrandline" maps, but they could possibly help with their Figs. and references.

Check out the paper by our RG colleague Jan Golonka: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234000859_Phanerozoic_Paleoenvironment_and_Paleolithofacies_Maps._Cenozoic

Then there is Smith et al. 2004: Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coastlines

All-time favourites are of course the paleogeographic maps by Christopher Scotese (http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm), Ron Blakey (http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/index.html), as well as the Ziegler maps, although I am not sure whether maps for South Asia are available from the latter. As far as I know, Gérard Stampfli might also have some paleoglobes in his papers.

Hope this helps, good luck with your work!

Cheers, Martin

Thanks Prof. Ren. Thanks for sharing your published paper. Yes, the climate configuration is heterogeneous, and proxies may tell different stories. For TP, where the human's influence could be neglect,  no matter pollen evidence or other lines of climate reconstruction tell us a drier Late Holocene.

GIS tools combined with good Digital elevation Model could give a quick estimate on the inundation areas due to sealevel rise. One such application of ours is documented here at http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4420

For more resolution in the inundation estimates better hydrodynamic models can also be used.