Screening - Science topic

It is established that the dysfunction of Na+/K+-pump is a common consequence of any pathology, including cancer. At the same time, it is also known that among a number of mechanisms involved in cell volume regulation, Na+/K+-pump has a central role in it. This role of pump is due to its two important properties: a) Na+/K+-pump which generates Na+ gradient on the membrane serves as an energy source for a number of secondary ionic transporters, such as, Na+/Ca2+, Na+/H+, Na+/sugars, amino acids & other osmolytes and b) Na+/K+-pump, having the highest metabolic energy (ATP) utilizing mechanism, has a great intracellular signaling role in regulation of sorption properties of intracellular structure as well as in generation of water molecules during oxidative glucose processes in cells. Na+/K+-ATPase (working molecules of Na+/K+-pump) has 4 catalytic subunits having different functional activities and sensitivities to cardiac glycoside: α1 (low), α2 (middle), α3 and α4 (high), the latter is identified only in testis. From these isoforms α1 (fully) and α2 (partly) have ion transporting functions, while α3 isoform only performs intracellular signaling function. By previous our study it was shown that dysfunction of α3 isoform-dependent signaling function controlling cell hydration stimulates carcinogenesis: So if you can measure the level of cell hydration it can be indicator for cancer screening.

Its still correct PEG 8000 and PEG 6000 are commonly used for drought screening remain guided by the PEG calibration document. 30g/300ml will give you 10% not 15% which translate to 1.48 bars at room temperature 

please help me to resolve this question ..

Dear Sharma;

Have a look into the following link....u will get ur answer to ur specific requirement 

Search for MOCA and ACE-R or ACE III . For a link try http://dementia.ie/images/uploads/site-images/ACE-III_Administration_(UK).pdf for validation see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24423470

Hello,

please see the review in the following link

clinical interview based on DSM-5 factors is the best method.

This means that the number of observations (time differences) is smaller than 4x the number of events. Since you are looking for 4 parameters (x, y, z, t) you need more than 4xnev of data to solve the problem. In fact this number of events looks very small to me for a proper use of hypoDD. You have 18 stations so it should have a larger amount of dt...

Transposons are mobile elements of DNA that can be used as a tool to generate mutations in the genome (insertional mutagenesis). It seems the authors tested a large number of these transposon-mediated mutants (a library) to identify any that affected biofilm formation. They would then find out which gene had initially been interupted in that particular library strain and therefore identify the genes are responsible for biofilm formation. 

Look at the enzyme commision repository (inhibitor os some enzymatic activity?), or other databanks, such as BRENDA, EXPASY ....

I dont know, sorry. Best wishes.

Thank you all  for the response.

Adding to what Rahul and Isain have rightly said... 'genetic variation' resides in the lines, not in the markers. Normally the expectation is that larger the number of lines, more will be the chances to capture more genetic variation. Markers, beyond a certain number, say 15-20, are unlikely to help. Whether you do QTL mapping or Association mapping, their basic requirements quite similar. See if this can possibly help

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268747417_Linkage_Mapping_and_QTL_Analysis    

Isoamylacetate is readily absorbed in active charcoal and can then be extracted from the coal with 99% carbondisulfide 1% N,N-dimetylformamide solvent. The isoamylacetate can then be detected by GC with a FID detector. This method is used for detecting isoamylacetate in air at concentrations of 100 ppb.

Try to attach a standardised charcoal tablet to the inside of a petri dish?

I don't know what you mean by "indirect library screening" so I'll just address the general question of the potential disadvantages of using fluorogenic enzyme substrates.

You already mentioned the possibility of identifying inhibitors that work with the fluorogenic substrate but not the natural substrate. One way this could happen is if the fluorophore contributes to the binding affinity of the substrate-enzyme complex, and the inhibitor competes with the fluorophore for binding to the enzyme.

Another potential problem is interference with the assay readout by the compounds being tested. This can arise when there is no separation step in the assay. The compound may itself be fluorescent, or it may quench the fluorescence of the product. This paper describes a method to deal with those problems:

Fluorescent assays offer advantages of simplicity, homogeneity, low cost, and low volume capability. To offset the disadvantages mentioned above, the screening hits should be retested by a completely different method.

Additionally, it is crucial to keep in mind that a high proportion of screening hits can be false positives due to real but non-specific inhibition. Be sure to test for this common problem.

Dear Disha,

Attached please find a publication that contains examples of how you should build the monograph of your plant for submission to NMPB.

Hoping this will be helpful,

Rafik

Hi

first of all this step take moment to be done but it should be 30min maximum 

then are you sure that u have install autogrid4 ? (not Autodock but autogrid4)

and also check if a.gpf is for sure in /home/1 

You can find your customized answer here:

RE: PRISMA already answered here:

1 statin pill=0.2 euro

the number of elements of finite field determines the number of barcode.  

When you clone 'small fragments' (<500bp) it is very common that instead of white colonies you get light blue colonies, such as shown in your picture. If you have only few really white colonies these are often frame shift mutations in the MCS region. Another possibility is that when cloning a PCR fragment, you still have primer dimer contamination which can also result in a mix of white and light blue colonies.

By using the smallest amino acid alphabet for randomization, but if you only want to improve activity, why don't you just make instead epPCR and leave the active site? You could do small libraries to reduce screening effort and hope for finding hits after several iterative rounds of mutagenesis...

Dear Tang Huashan,

In your use of EMS mutagenesis the lack of success might be addressed by working for a combination of lowered concentration and time.

You may want to use .25, .50 1.0 and 1.5 percent using 18, 9, 4.5 2.5 1.25 hours. Using this combination test you might be able to find a window of opportunity where the deleterious effects are minimized to give the success in your screeing.

Some thoughts,

Hello Jayesree Nagarajan

By response surface methodology actually we try to minimize our experiments and needed treatments to determine optimum condition. By this method we can save time and money and have a results better than full factorial method!! 

This method determined effect of independent variable, interaction effect of this variables and ect and you can select optimum condition based on your selected values for outputs.

we don't need any test prior to optimization analysis using response surface methodology.

You can use one of the Minitab, SAS or design expert for RSM designs.

Good luck

   History and clinical investigation

Echocardiogram   

Electrocardiogram

MRI Scan    

   Two‐dimensional transthoracic ultrasound with colour Doppler imaging                                                                  

Transoesophageal echocardiograph

                                                                                                                                                                                       at the end of the first and second trimester                                    

   - every month during the third trimester

- a increase in aortic diameter greater than or equal to 10% between two examinations should be confirmed by MRI

 Chest radiograp

exercise tests

  Chest radiograph                                                                                    ;                                                                                                           ;                                                                                                         Cardiac catheterization                                                                                         

;                                                                                                    

h

Hi Paul,

Peer-reviewed articles are generally externally reviewed articles which are reviewed under either a blind review system (where the reviewers don't know the identity of the author of a manuscript) or less commonly a double-blind system (where neither the journal editors nor the reviewers know the identity of the authors of a manuscript). This is also what is commonly meant by a journal being a refereed journal. Matters related to citation indexes are separate and distinct. 

Hope this helps,

Deborah

hi holly

check out these please :

hope they help .

Dr. Rabba, I do not agree with your blanket statement above. Vitamin C is being run by RP HPLC every day in hundreds of labs, if not thousands. And experience will show that ascorbate is extremely water soluble.

there are many ways to do this, depending on your specifics

Hi, I found a quite simple solution in this paper:

Duffy SW et al. - "Correcting for Lead Time and Length Bias in Estimating the Effect of Screen Detection on Cancer Survival" - Am J Epidemiology 2008;168(1):98-104

You can download the paper here: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/168/1/98.full.pdf

Hope it can help!

The physiological state of your cells would greatly affect your observed results. Try to ensure that you use cells at the same phase of growth in all experiments. If you use cells that are in the stationary phase now and use those in the log phase later, your product concentration would definitely vary. I suggest you first conduct growth curve experiment for each strain so as to know the time each reaches log phase, etc. You should then grow each strain till the late log phase for example and always use that in all the experiments. This is not ruling out other possible sources of variation, but in my experience, this affects the consistency of results a lot.

no issues,

But thanks for your response

Gynecol Oncol. 2014 Jun 3. pii: S0090-8258(14)00986-X. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.05.026. [Epub ahead of print] Accuracy of dry vaginal self-sampling for detecting high-risk human papillomavirus infection in cervical cancer screening: A cross-sectional study. Haguenoer K¹, Giraudeau B², Gaudy-Graffin C³, de Pinieux I⁴, Dubois F⁵, Trignol-Viguier N⁶, Viguier J⁷, Marret H⁸, Goudeau A³.

There is an interesting paper about this point:

 

Hi,

Heomolytic style assays are best suggested for agar plate assays. Did you try agar plates with lipase enzymes. This paper suggests different method of lipase productivity detection and even quantification. Hope this helps

Thanks for your interest and your comments. I attach supplementary data with 2 options

Yes sir. I am working on fatty acid reductase (Carboxylic Acid Reductase) enzyme. I am trying with fatty acid substrates such as Oleic acid, Palmitic acid etc., But, with this system, I am facing substrate solubility problem. I coudn't optimize the system yet. TLC seems to be very vast for us to screen with product(Aldehyde). Still I am on the way of optimizing the assay conditions for CAR. Can you please suggest something on this? It will be helpful for me. Thank you sir.

please look at ESCAPE-project from Erasmus MC, where we designed and evaluated a screening tool with 6 simple questions; references 1st author Eefje Louwers, e.g. in Pediatrics, and Child Abuse and Neglect; it lead to 5 times more (true) suspicions for child abuse !

Digital breast tomosynthesis seems to have the potential to overcome the limitations due to tissue superposition found in planar X-ray mammography. For this reason, this technology could represent an alternative technique to be used in breast screening programmes. Likewise, dedicated breast CT is also currently being explored, however, the latter might be very expensive technology to implement.

Dear Mrs. Rehman

Yes of course.

FDA Approves Crofelemer (Fulyzaq) therapies for HIV-associated diarrhea as First-Ever Oral Botanical Drug

There is also some examples from some other Food and Drug Organization of othe countries such MHLE-FDO or DHO..

But keep in mind many of herbal medicines are not investigated by the WHO or FDA due to this fact that these medicinal plants are used in a traditional way and by a traditional physicians. So, if you wanted to introduce a herbal drug or a Medicinal Plant you have to get a confirmation of use from an acknowledged Drug Organization in your country.

I'm not sure that there's any test that's validated for that sort of use. The main thing you'll lose in remote administration is visual construction, trailmaking, measures of processing speed such as coding and symbol search - basically anything that has test materials that examinees need to put their hands on. In terms of brief screening, I would recommend the blind version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), available here: http://www.mocatest.org/

Dear Naser,

I added the German manual of the SCL-90(r)-S on Researchgate. You could detect psychological distress, if the T-score is T>=60. You could prove the "Case Definition", 2 T-scores and/or T(GSI) >=63. It is usual to compare the individual score with normative data. Sincerly yours, GHF

Hi

I suspect this research can help you

Sure! I saw your paper mentioned and also that you cite us, but haven't taken a look yet.

so prabhath my  possible diagnosis from your history was correct.i have operated such cases with atypical presentations of Tuberculosis which might resemble like malignancy on imaging modes.thank you

I think there are many, many issues to consider that would make this project challenging. A few things that quickly come to mind include:

1. Were the 2100 MRI scans collected on the same scanner using the same pulse sequences? Not all MR images are equal or comparable. This is a big deal in clinical trials and a huge amount of effort is put into building MR protocols at the various sites so that images can be pooled together.

2. What sort of images will you be doing the volume measurements on? Again, there are certain sequences that are more suited for volume measurements.

3. If you are not doing the volume measurements yourself and you are getting the volumes from somewhere else, the software used to analyze the all of the scans needs to be the same. Different analysis methods will give different results.

4. You say you have 2100 scans from Alzheimer's disease patients - has the diagnosis been confirmed pathologically on all of these cases? In many cases people may have AD plus another form of dementia (Lewy Body, Fronto-temporal, Vascular). Or they may not have AD at all, and only another form of dementia.

5. Were all the patients treatment naive? This would be a confounding factor...

DNA extraction and LightCycler PCR and detection system

was used for amplification and quantification

Eva,

We use a custom made protocol for siRNA transfection in 24 well-plates. We determine the amount of Interferin based on number of cells per mm^2 rather than well size alone, cell number alone or any other parameter (and that fact is of critical importance considering that all manufacturers give you protocols only based on well-plates without mentioning how many cell they seed; 50 000 cells per well in a 96 well-plate won't give the same result as 80 000 cells per well in the same format). For our protocol, 8 uL of Interferin in a total volume of 700 uL for 200 000 cells in 200 mm^2 and 10 nM siRNA leads to 80-90% KD efficiency without any cytotoxicity observed (medium is changed after 16-24h). In other words we use 0.1 uL Interferin per 2500 cells per 2.5 mm^2 (or 0.025 cm^2). To determine ideal Interferin amount this cell/surface ratio should be calculated for your experiment (for example if you use 5000 cells per 2.5 mm^2 then use 0.2 uL Interferin).

I only use primary macrophages, either BMDM or peritoneal macrophages. But according to litterature primary cell lines are known to be more difficult to transfect than immortalized cell lines (especially because they are way less tolerant to foreign DNA/RNA) so you should have no problem transfecting J774 if it works on BMDM for me, I do think you can even use a bit less Interferin than me considering that point.

Hope it helps

Alexis

Minimal significance for risk of CSD evaluation. JV

you can use catechol, veratryl alcohol, ABTS and pyrogallol also for identification of ligninolytic enzyme producing strains.

Autodock

Follow publications from Professor Oliver Fiehn and Professor Lloyd Sumner by Google Scholar to find all the relevant protocols and methods. For sample preparations also refer to JB Harboune's book on Phytochemicals.Too big question for Research Gate !

Adam makes a great point, ionic strength of the buffer may influence how your protein behaves. PBS has higher ionic strength than Tris (by at least 5 times depending on what concentrations of Tris you are using) so that may change the Tm of your protein. HEPES is probably a better choice than MES, since MES has more acidic working pH range.

To quantify and follow up in advanced glaucoma is diagnostic challenge. Visual field examination is either unreliable or impossible.

Only when central island of vision remains , visual field tests of the central degrees should be chosen( central Humphery 10-2 program with a size lll or size V  while carefully examining the cardinal points around fixation, as well as quadrant totals)

Listen to your patients- they will say "Its getting darker".The patient who notices decline in activities such as reading and driving may help certify results of a functional and structural tests( changes in neuroretinal rim)

Yes (HycE /delta HycE).  I had functional expression, but I'have

never purified the protein.

In general I think it could be cool to use library of competent cells

if you have the screen. 

Hi Katherine.

If you don't need to change the size of the movie dynamically during the experiment, then it is probably easiest to resize it with another tool outside of PsychToolbox before playing it. VLC media player is a free software that is good at manipulating movies. Just google 'resize video vlc' or something like that.

Resizing a movie within PsychToolbox during the experiment would be trickier. I'm not sure but I would guess that first separating the sound and video components might help. Then you could load the video component into textures and manipulate it there, then play it simultaneously with the separated sound component. Again, VLC is good at separating audio and video.

Hope that helps,

Luke

This is a plausible starting point :

Validation of the Aphasic Depression Rating Scale Charles Benaim, MD, PhD; Bruno Cailly, MD; Dominic Perennou, MD, PhD; Jacques Pelissier, MD Background and Purpose—The Aphasic Depression Rating Scale (ADRS) was developed to detect and measure depression in aphasic patients during the subacute stage of stroke. Methods—Six experts selected an initial sampling of behavioral items from existing depression rating scales. Stroke patients (aphasic and nonaphasic) were assessed with these items by the rehabilitation staff, with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) for nonaphasic patients only, by a psychiatrist, and by the rehabilitation staff with Visual Analog Scales (VAS). A second item selection was conducted after a regression algorithm was run including VAS as independent variables (criterion validity) and after their factorial structure was analyzed with a principal component analysis (factorial validity). The construct validity was evaluated with respect to the other depression assessments. A threshold for the diagnosis of depression was computed with respect to the psychiatrist’s diagnosis. Interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed in 2 additional groups of aphasic patients. Results—Eighty patients participated in the study (59 aphasic). Fifteen behavioral items from existing depression rating scales were selected, and 9 were retained after the validation process. ADRS correlated highly with VAS and HDRS (r􏰂0.60 to 0.78, P􏰂10􏰃4 to 10􏰃6). With respect to the psychiatrist’s diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of ADRS were 0.83 and 0.71, respectively, when the threshold was set at 9/32. Its factorial structure was comparable to HDRS structure. Interrater and test-retest reliability were high (average 􏰇 coefficient of the 9 items􏰂0.69). Conclusions—ADRS is a valid, reliable, sensitive, and specific tool for the evaluation of depression in aphasic patients during the stroke subacute phase. (Stroke. 2004;35:1692-1696.)

I recommend you search for gaze tracking, e.g. on google scholar:

Here is a survey that can help with getting to know the different classes of techniques and terminology:  

A SURVEY ON EYE-GAZE TRACKING TECHNIQUES

Here are a couple of other example...   

Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077314204001109

Passive Eye Monitoring

It depends of the settings you are working in and the degree of dementia you would like to detect. For screening purposes, I would think the MoCA is the best studied and documented screening procedure. It is translated in many languages and is made available for free by authors. It is easy to administer and only takes about 10-15 minutes.

Here is the link to the MoCA website.

What about the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II)? Would it be excessively time-consuming?

You may find what you are looking for in the following paper:

Chanen, A. M., Jovev, M., Djaja, D., McDougall, E., Yuen, H. P., Rawlings, D., et al. (2008). Screening for borderline personality disorder in outpatient youth. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22(4), 353-364.

Hi.. There is a toolkit developed by WHO and UNHCR for assessing mh and psychosocial needs and also resources after disasters. I am attaching it..

Of course, every instrument should be adopted to your context...

Dear Rajreddy procedure is emailed to you. Please also check if you get any recent publication with nested PCR protocol for TB.

You can try preparing a membrane fraction of your protein responding  cell. Following which you can perform pull down assay with your protein to check the binding with receptor. Later on the binding receptor could be identified using Mass spectrometry.

The most used currently may be the MOCA test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment test.  It is online at MOCAtest.org, Here is a link to a citation for the german translation: https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0032-1301641

Hope this is helpful.  MMSE is now a copyrighted test and you need a license to use it or you could pay a fine. 

Lucas,

you may want to check out these papers. I haven't worked personally with this method, but I know Volker and Franz and can get you into contact with them in case you are interested.

Volker Sieber, Andreas Plückthun, and Franz X. Schmid (1998) Selecting proteins with improved stability by a phage-based method. Nature Biotechnology16, 955-960.

Proside: a phage-based method for selecting thermostable proteins.

Martin A, Schmid FX, Sieber V. Methods Mol Biol. 2003;230:57-70

We really want to screen our antibodies in vitro to determine whether they could be used for ADC. We don't care about the DAR as long as the DAR is higher than 1.

Taguchi method is not suitable for your work, As Fausto highlighted it has many drawbacks. 

yes this is normal price. I have some modified Y2H vectors. Do you want to screen for a membrane protein or cytosolic?

The method that was used to identify both Ag85B and ESAT-6 as immunogenic antigens was to screen against PBMC of infected mice, and then to screen against PBMC from infected humans, so yes, it is entirely possible. That's how it was done, in fact.

Both humans and mice also respond to vaccination with these antigens with a strong antigen-specific IFN-y and IL-2 response. It is true that not every antigen that is immunogenic in mice is also immunogenic in humans - and there is also variation from strain to strain in mice. It is therefore a good idea to screen your antigens against several different strains of mice - and if you are thinking about vaccines, to also test in several different animal species. When testing vaccine candidates our pipeline was mice> guineapigs> cattle> non-human primates> humans, with the basic concept being that if an antigen was immunogenic in all of these very different species, that it would also be immunogenic in humans. This has proven to be the case, with immune responses to vaccination with select antigens in humans being more or less identical to responses in mice.