Salts - Science topic

In this work, the applicability of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of chloride diffusion in mortar and concrete has been studied. The high resolution of this technique allows it to obtain a mapping of the chloride ions distribution in these materials upon being exposed to salted environments, thus providing an image of...

The magnetic and chemical reaction effects on the onset of thermosolutal convection in a penetrative internally heated fluid are investigated for the case when the plane layer has a constant temperature and salt concentration on the upper surface and a specified heat flux and salt flux on the bottom surface. The linear instability and nonlinear sta...

The purpose of this study is to propose a fully sustainable dyeing process for nylon 6. In order to achieve this goal, Rhubarb flower parts were used to produce a brown hue on nylon 6 fabric. The effects of dyeing parameters such as dyeing time, temperature, dyebath pH, M:L, salt addition, dispersing agent, and dye concentration on color strength w...

Use-wear analyses are very useful to increase knowledge about the economic and subsistence dynamics carried out by Nean-derthals. In general terms, functional results traditionally came from the analysis of tools belonging to stratigraphic units whose timescale refers to geological time. This is due to the fact that many Neanderthal sites are palim...

Mining-induced subsidence can have significant environmental and infrastructural impacts, making subsidence engineering a crucial consideration. However, the unique nature of salt caverns and the increasing demand for reliable subsidence prediction models in the context of energy storage require special attention. This study provides a comparative...

This minireview aims to cover the developments of the last few years in the design of reagents able to accomplish the umpolung of the azomethine carbon in diazo compounds namely, α-diazo-λ3-iodanes and α-diazo sulfonium salts. Specifically, the routes available for their preparation and a classification of their unique reactivity patterns (either a...

The freezing of salt water leads to phase separation into ice and brine inclusions. The ejection of salt from the ice phase is akin to chemotaxis. We consider a regularization of a free energy for brine inclusions and address its gradient flow on a periodic domain in Rd(d=2,3)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \...

This article describes an experimental method for determining the physicochemical properties of NaCl, MgCl2, and KCl salts to establish a salinity gradient in an experimental solar pond located at Karshi engineering-economics institute. During the experiments, separate brine solutions of each salt were prepared in the solar pond device in order to...

The current work presents a systematic study of two alloy compositions (RR3010 and CMSX-4) and two types of coatings: inward grown (pack) and outward grown (vapour) deposited aluminides, exposed to 98Na 2 SO 4 –2NaCl mixture. Grit blasting was used on some of the samples, prior to coating, to mimic in-service procedures and remove oxides from the s...

A viable CO2 storage resource must have sufficient storage capacity, reliable containment efficiency and adequate well injectivity. Deep saline formations stand out in terms of storage capacity and containment efficiency. However, formation brine dry-out and salt precipitation in the near well region could impair CO2 injectivity in deep saline rese...

Equilibrium atomic configuration and electronic structure of the (001) surface of IV-VI semiconductors PbTe, PbSe, SnTe and SnSe, is studied using the density functional theory (DFT) methods. At surfaces of all those compounds, the displacements of ions from their perfect lattice sites reveal two features characteristic of the rock salt crystals. F...

Foreign approaches to maintaining a favorable salt regime of soils are analyzed. On the basis of experimental studies, a change in the water-physical properties of the soil during deep loosening and an increase in salt leaching during leaching and vegetation irrigation using the Biosolvent preparation were established. Based on the analysis of the...

Higher salt (sodium) intake has been associated with a higher blood pressure (BP). The association degree may be influenced by factors such as age, origin and dietary components. This study aimed to evaluate the 24-hours urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) excretion in normotensive and hypertensive Dominicans adults and estimate their salt intake...

An important problem in time-series analysis is modeling systems with time-varying dynamics. Probabilistic models with joint continuous and discrete latent states offer interpretable, efficient, and experimentally useful descriptions of such data. Commonly used models include autoregressive hidden Markov models (ARHMMs) and switching linear dynamic...

his work is an attempt to show structural sources for the charge and spin inhomogeneity in 2D perovskite HTSC cuprates. In addition to an interest in the nature of the inhomogeneous stripe state with a large isotope effect, we highlight the structural features of cuprates (tilted CuO6 octahedra with different orientation with respect to rock salt L...

The molecular dynamics method is used to further reveal, from the molecular point of view, the mechanisms of salt inhibiting the hydration of Na-MMT. The interaction between water molecules, salt molecules, and montmorillonite are calculated by establishing the adsorption models. According to the simulation results, the adsorption conformation, int...

Salt marshes are widely distributed in the upper intertidal zone. They provide general background protection for coasts and coastal communities by dissipating wave energy and reducing flow velocity. The plant geometric (leaves and stem) and bio-mechanic properties of marsh plants have been noted to affect the drag on and wave attenuation of marsh p...

Multimetallic clusters play a key role as models to doped metals, as candidates to new types of superatomic catalysts and as precursors to new multimetallic solids. Understanding formation pathways is an essential and necessary step forward in the development of cluster synthesis and research, yet remains considerably lacking owing to difficulty in...

The present paper is dedicated to the quantitative determination of oxygen-containing impurities in the LiF–NaF–KF eutectic using electrochemical (cyclic and square-wave voltammetry) and reduction melting methods. The LiF–NaF–KF melt was analyzed before and after purifying electrolysis. The amount of oxygen-containing impurities removed from the sa...

Spiral coaxial coils are widely used in wireless charging systems for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). However, these coils can generate axial electromagnetic interference that may adversely affect the electronic components contained within the AUV. In order to overcome this issue, this paper introduced a pair of radially coupled coils which...

Lithium recovery is imperative to accommodate the increase in lithium demand. Salt lake brine contains a large amount of lithium and is one of the most important sources of lithium metal. In this study, Li2CO3, MnO2, and TiO2 particles were mixed, and the precursor of a manganese–titanium mixed ion sieve (M-T-LIS) was prepared by a high-temperature...

Aqueous electrolytes are highly important for batteries due to their sustainability, greenness, and low cost. However, the free water molecules react violently with alkali metals, rendering the high-capacity of alkali metal anodes unusable. Here, we confined water molecules in a carcerand-like network to build quasi-solid aqueous electrolytes (QAEs...

Synthesis and identification of some thermo-responsive hydrogel metal absorbents based on Schiff base modified PNIPAM is described. PNIPAM hydrogel is produced through conventional free-radical polymerization method. The hydrogel is amino modified with different amines and then treated with various aldehydes to make polymeric Schiff-bases supposing...

Salted eggs are normally produced by treating fresh duck eggs with a high salt concentration in order to acquire distinctive features and excellent preservation capabilities as a result of a series of physicochemical changes. This method, however, induces a high salt content in the product. The goal of this research was to create a new way of produ...

The aim of this work was to analyze the quality of red abalone dehydrated under osmotic vacuum impregnation (OVI) as a pretreatment to the convection drying process. Response surface methodology was used to optimize osmotic impregnation conditions. Then, diffusional parameters of salt (D se) and water (D we), the drying kinetics, and quality charac...

In order to study the effect of inorganic salt additives on the surface tension of a sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) solution, the surface tension of the mixed system of six common inorganic salt additives, NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3, and SDBS was measured, and the effects of the inorganic salt types, surfactant concentra...

Recent years have seen deep learning (DL) architectures being leveraged for learning the nonlinear relationships across the parameters in seismic inversion problems in order to better analyse the subsurface, such as improved velocity model building (VMB). In this study, we focus on deep-learning-based inversion (DLI) for velocity model building, le...

Metal nanoclusters (NCs), an important class of nanoparticles (NPs), are extremely small in size and possess quasi-molecular properties. Due to accurate stoichiometry of constituent atoms and ligands, NCs have strong structure-property relationship. The synthesis of NCs is seemingly similar to that of NPs as both are formed by colloidal phase trans...

This research shows that soluble sarcoplasmic proteins restrict the salt-swelling of the myofibrillar lattice, so that their extraction promotes swelling

Simultaneous crystallization of multiple salt occurs during evaporative crystallization of industrial high-salt wastewater, making it difficult to separate multiple salt components due to agglomeration, thus forming solid waste. To investigate the main stages of simultaneous crystallization agglomeration phenomenon and the possibility of recovering...

Background JAK inhibitors treat various autoimmune diseases, but an updated systematic review in treating alopecia areata is currently lacking. Objective Evaluate the specific efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in alopecia areata by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Eligible studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Clinical Tr...

Mangroves are unique compared to other plants in that they can tolerate salt. They are guardians of our coastal zone and protect against many natural hazards. They are also home to many plants, animals, and minor faunal species with food, medicinal, economic, and ecological values. Keeping in mind the importance of mangroves, a survey was made in O...

Nutrient elements are essential for human health. The intake of nutrient elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Mo, and Cr) in the general Chinese population was comprehensively evaluated via a recent total diet study (2016–2019), covering more than two-thirds of the total population. The contents of nutrient elements in 288 composite diet...

Salification of the drug trimethoprim with enantiopure D- or L-lactic acid afforded salts with up to five times improved solubility. Both salts are polymorphic and we demonstrate fully reversible interconversion...

In recent years, biochar has emerged as a remarkable biosourced material for addressing global environmental, agricultural, biomedical, and energy challenges. However, the performances of biochar rest in part on finely tuning its surface chemical properties, intended to obtain specific functionalities. In this review, we tackle the surface treatmen...

The traditional automatic monitoring method of salt spray concentration has a weak anti-interference ability, which affects the monitoring accuracy. Therefore, a remote automatic monitoring method of atmospheric salt fog concentration based on optical sensor is designed. Determine the optical power loss of salt fog remote monitoring in atmospheric...

In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of galvanic corrosion on the mechanical properties of aluminum-CFRP adhesive joints. Aluminum-CFRP, aluminum-aluminum, and CFRP-CFRP adhesive joint specimens were prepared. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to accelerated aging treatment in a salt spray environment, and the tensile shear adhe...

Polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP@PAA) were synthesized and evaluated as draw solutes in the forward osmosis (FO) process. MNP@PAA were synthesized by microwave irradiation and chemical co-precipitation from aqueous solutions of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts. The results showed that the synthesized MNPs have spherical shapes of maghem...

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are used as a soil amendment for retaining water, but suitable methods for the application of SAPs have not yet been developed. Here, we characterized a variety of soil–SAP mixtures prepared using four different types of SAP in terms of their water absorption and release characteristics. The teabag method was applied...

The uniqueness of lichens was related to the biotic and abiotic factors. Nearly half of the earth was distributed with magnicolous species including lichens. The high amount of stress and excessive disturbance was creating genetically challenging to transport to the next generations depending on internal and environmental capabilities. Almost 30% o...

The hot corrosion behavior of Co-9Al-9.5W-xSi (where x = 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, at.%) alloys in a salt mixture at 900 °C was investigated. The effect of Si on hot corrosion resistance was examined using corrosion kinetics. The surface morphology of the corrosion products was explored via SEM with EDS and the phase constituents were examined using XRD. The...

Membrane emulsification using anodic porous alumina is an effective method for preparing monodisperse droplets with controlled sizes. In this study, membrane emulsification using anodic porous alumina was applied to the preparation of size-controlled particles composed of composite metal oxides. To obtain size-controlled composite metal oxide parti...

Honeycomb weathering is a common phenomenon found on various rock surfaces all around the world. However, honeycomb formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we propose a model describing moisture transport within the sandstone and erosion resulting from salt deposition during evaporation of moisture off the rock surface. The...

The use of a composite defoliant in various norms of Bukhara-8 cotton in the Bukhara region is considered. Identified from 10 options that had a positive impact on the efficiency of defoliation, productivity were - (Mg (ClO3)2liq. 4 l/ha + Fitovak 75 ml/ha + Urea 6.5 + Humin-1.5 kg/ha). The weight of the bolls, the weight of the 1st collection, the...

The occurrence of several land ownership claims for salt ponds in several areas in Pamekasan initiated the Community Service Team to carry out legal counseling activities related to the importance of certifying ownership rights to salt pond land belonging to salt farmers in Pagagan Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency for which currently s...

The paper presents the results of the synthesis, IR spectroscopic and agrochemical study of the products of adduct formation (internal salts) of urea with nitric and orthophosphoric acids. It has been established that the synthesized substances are hygroscopic, readily soluble in water. IR spectral data indicate that, depending on the “acid : urea”...

The development of carbon-based reverse osmosis membranes for water desalination is hindered by challenges in achieving a high pore density and controlling the pore size. We use molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that graphene foam membranes with a high pore density provide the possibility to tune the pore size by applying mechanical str...

In the article, the mechanical composition and type and level of salinity of meadow-alluvial soils of Gijduvan district of Bukhara region were determined. According to the obtained data, this type of soil is mostly non-saline, salinity is found in the layer below 1 meter. The mechanical composition is moderate in the driving layer, but heavy in the...

In article is stated main groundforming (the geomorphological-hydra geological land reclamation, climatic and anthropogen) factors, describes the evolution of soils in the lower part. In Zerafshan valley are chosen 3 geomorphological regions. Differ the raised contents a magnesium, high water table on irrigated territory in roast time and heavy exp...

The histidine-containing phosphocarrier (HPr) is a monomeric protein conserved in Gram-positive bacteria, which may be of mesophilic or thermophilic nature. In particular, the HPr protein from the thermophilic organism B. stearothermophilus is a good model system for thermostability studies, since experimental data, such as crystal structure and th...

This study aims to determine the validity and practicality of the video entitled Process of Converting Salt Water to Fresh Water on science subject. In the process of developing this video, STEM elements and critical thinking skills are included. The method used is development research which consists of three stages, namely preliminary research, pr...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate to efficacy of peroxydisulfate(PDS)/peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activated by different methods in inactivating E.coli and P.aeruginosa . The UV-A, UV-A/PDS or PMS and NaOH/PDS processes were used to inactivate E.coli and P.aeruginosa . Three different sulfate salts (K 2 S 2 O 8 , Na 2 S 2 O 8 and Oxone) were...

Garam mandi (Bath salt) berbentuk seperti scrub atau lulur yang biasanya digunakan pada saat mandi. Bath salt dibuat dengan bahan utamanya Epsom. Bath salt ini memiliki warna putih cerah. Garam mandi belum banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat. Untuk dapat memperkenalkan produk baru maka perlu dilakukan analisis pasar terhadap produk tersebut diantaranya...

Background: In India prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia is high across all age, sex and physiological groups because of inadequate iron intake and poor bioavailability of iron from habitual Indian diets. Research studies in school-age children have shown that use of iron-fortified iodized salt (DFS) resulted in small improvement in Hb level;...

ChatGPT, OpenAI firması tarafından geliştirilen, doğal dil işleme (NLP) alanında kullanılan bir yapay zekâ modelidir. GPT, "Generative Pre-trained Transformer" (Önceden Eğitilmiş Üretici Dönüştürücü) kelimelerinin kısaltmasıdır. GPT modelleri, büyük ölçüde metin verileriyle eğitilerek doğal dil üretimi, anlama ve çeviri gibi görevleri yerine getire...

The method of storing confidential information in digital images is known as steganography techniques, usually used for security and privacy purposes in various fields including online communication. The concept is to produce a stego image, where the information stored should not change when it is inserted or translated. The application of steganog...

The geometries of inverted rift systems are different depending on a large variety of factors that include, among others, the presence of decoupling layers, the thickness of the pre- and syn-extension successions, or structural inheritances. Our study focuses on the inversion of an extensional domino-style basement-fault system with a pre-extension...

1,1′-Dihydroxy-5,5′-bi-tetrazolium dihydroxylamine salt (TKX-50) is a new type of high-energy low-sense explosive with great application value, but TKX-50 made directly from the reaction has problems such as irregular crystal morphology and relatively large length-diameter, and these factors seriously affect the sensitivity of TKX-50 and limit its...

The stored carbon in the above and below ground biomass of Porteresia coarctata was monitored for 12 consecutive years (March 2011-March 2022) along the Hooghly estuary in the maritime State of West Bengal, India. The stored carbon in the Above Ground Biomass (AGB) ranged between 60.42 gm m-2 to 118.46 gm m-2 and in the Below Ground Biomass (BGB) t...

The novel sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is an enveloped virus currently causing severe illness and death worldwide. Common antiseptics such as alcohol have some efficacy in disinfecting everyday surroundings, but development of more effective disinfectants is imperative. A series of studies focusing on cationic antimicrobials resu...

Three new theories challenge the assumptions underlying 150-years of research regarding Lake Bonneville and extend and redefine the history of this late-Pleistocene/early-Holocene lake. These new theories have relevance to current day hazards in many areas of the globe and are important to our understanding of the climate of the western United Stat...