Salts - Science topic

I am interrsested these days in the extraction of variable salts from Rejecter water and EOR , second stage waste water.

I hope, I find a feasibility studdy of this project and how much it will cost

the second quistion is about Lithium and Bormine extraction from EOR waste water, how mglL concintration is required to them?

thX #Oil #Wastewater #wastemanagement #EnhancedOilRecovery

Is a[100] dislocation equal to a[010] and a[001] dislocation in rock salt crystal?

Do you confirm this is a salt or protein crystal? i have sodium chloride 80 mM, Tris 25mM (pH7.6) in buffer. So i wonder if it is protein crystal or sodium chloride crystal.

I am trying to synthesize silver nanoparticles from aloe vera gel extract prepared by cold extraction method of equal ratio of gel and water and i have prepared silver salt stock solution of 50ml. can anyone expert tell me which concentration of silver salt from stock and gel extract and distill water should i use for making silver nanoparticles. it will be very helpful.

Salinity intrusion is a major problem affecting the agricultural activities and posing health risk to coastal communities. There has been numerous studies highlighting its negative impacts both at national and global scale. Studies also exist regarding the mapping and accurately detecting salt water intruded areas in historical period. But, can the salinity intrusion be modelled with time?

Any insightful suggestions and techniques to do this from the vast research community of this platform will be highly appreciated!

Thanks!

My question is if I had a 10 kg soil in a pot. How much NaCl is to be added in the soil to maintain an EC of 5 dSm-1?

How many times we need to add the salt? to maintain the stress level?

Hi, so i found out that there is a crystal formation on my triethylamine bottle. The crystals are light and will fall off the bottle with slight wind. The bottle are pretty much sealed im not really sure whats happening. All i can think is that someone in the lab recently changed the bottle storage from the solvent cabinet to the acid cabinet. Ive read somewhere on reddit that triethylamine cannot be stored together with acid as it can induce some kind of salt formation manifested as crystals. Ive wiped the salt and change its storage place however i wonder what is the salt, is it dangerous? Can i still use the solvent or no.

Hi all,

I am trying to identify a diatom that is fairly common in salt marsh samples from coastal Oregon (USA). I believe it is a species of Parlibellus, but I am unable to find a reference to it. It's typically about 40-48 µm long, and 8-10 µm wide. Striae are fine, 18-20 ITM, and more widely spaced at the middle. The central raphe endings are moderately distant and slightly deflected, and the central area is consistently oval shaped.

Thanks --

Hi All,

I am currently using GROMACS to simulate high salt concentrations but I am running into an issue with gmx genion. If I have a 30x30x30nm box and want to use -conc to bring it to say 4M, then I encounter the error: Not enough replaceable solvent molecules! Any thoughts or adivice are greatly appreciated. Thank you.

I am looking for proven scientific methods (or any national/International rules and guidelines) that explicitly mentions treatment / disposal of dewatered sludge residues / salts from Industrial wastewater

The GTP that I am using is trisodium salt obtained from sigma. To prepare the GTP solution, I am dissolving it in 50mM Tris, pH adjusted to 7.5. The solution is sterile filtered, aliquotted and flash freezzed.

Please do confirm if it is a proper way of preparing GTP solution and If not then what is the better way or any other recommendation. I checked the phosphate level of water as well as buffer used for the assay. The value comes less than 0.2, which according to protocol is ok.

Researchers have performed different corrosion tests such as potentiodynamic, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, immersion and salt spray to explore the corrosion rate.

Hi everyone,

I noticed that there are different LB broth (lennox, miller) which are different in their sodium chloride concentration. As I am working with E. coli strain DH5α, will the choice of a higher or lower salt concentration (lennox vs miller) impact the yield of my experiment? thank you.

Most attributes are used to delineate the external boundaries of salt. I know that the low coherence and amplitude and chaotic nature of salt make it difficult for seismic to study the inside. Most research is also dedicated to marking the external boundaries. Any ideas?

1. I am trying to separate quarternery ammonium salt which is forming during the workup of my product, the product has high solubility in water. Tried extraction with different solvents & water combinations but does not help much, the product along with the salt is coming to the water part.

2. The salt formation could have been avoided in the first place if extra triethylamine (TEA) had been removed from the reaction mixture without the addition of acid, which resulted in salt formation.

Already tried alternatives such as

a. Kept under high vacuum at 60 deg C as the boiling point of TEA is 89 deg C

b. formed different azeotropes but TEA remains.

What are the main causes of salts in groundwater?

Hi. I am doing a protein that has hydrophobic interactions with itself. I want to test the effects of a peptide which is a truncated form of this protein. That means I need first to open the interactions of these proteins protein (dimer) while adding the peptide, then recover the hydrophobic interactions to check if the peptide can bind to the protein. I already check pH, salt, and temperature. None of them works. Does anybody know any good detergents and methods to achieve this? Thanks!!

I want to calculate the electrical conductivity of Polyaniline (ES) powder and I want to know the best way to get the best results

My teammates and I measured the conductivity of salt over time and with those results we determined TDS of what we think is NaCl as a product (ions Na+ and Cl-) using TDS=conductivity * 0.64 in which 0.64 is the conversion factor but we don't know how to find the initial concentracion of NaCl. We know the volume of water, the conductivity, the amount of salt added, density and the total time of dissolution. Should we consider that same TDS as the initial concentration? If say so, NaCl as a reactant shouldn't be decreasing over time?

Hi there!

Im working with hydrogels of agave lignin crosslinked with PEGDGE in alkali media but i need to wash them to quit the excess of reagents, when i wash them on water they swell and lose its structure, i tried on acid but the salt formation seems to be dehydrating the gels causing hornification, in which media could i wash my materials?

Thank you!

I dissolved the 5 Kg of sample in 40 liters of water and left it for 24 hours. Then I used a pump to collect the supernatant liquid without disturbing the sediment and then filtered it for any impurities.

I repeatedly evaporated half of the water(40->20->10->5) and decanted the solution after sedimentation with the help of a transfer pump four times. After that, with further evaporation followed by sedimentation, some grainy crystals of salt(table salt size) were formed, and the supernatant liquid was removed with the help of a pipette (filtration could not be done due to the viscosity of the solution). I found that this salt was KCl and it was present in good amount in the solution (though there could be other salts too) which made the resin salty (but the resin tastes bitter, not salty). In the end, I evaporated most of the water and kept the solution for 12 hours, small grainy crystals(smaller than table salt size) of KCl formed in the solution, and the consistency of the solution was such that the solution could flow slowly. Then I centrifuged the solution for 10 minutes at 1200 rpm in a 50 ml tube and found that the viscosity of the solution was low at the top and increased up to 15ml mark in the tube, after that the semi-hard settled salt present in the bottom of the tube. but the taste of the solution is still salty.

Is there any method by which we can completely remove the salt from the resin ?

Hey there,

As a synthetic chemist delving into theoretical calculations for my imidazolium-based organic molecules, I would greatly appreciate any guidance on the appropriate input instructions and basis sets to use for calculating the HOMO and LUMO. If possible, it would be incredibly helpful to receive links to papers or DOI numbers for further reference. Thank you very much for your valuable advice.

Regards,

Ilavarasan V

Project Fellow

Jain university

After deprotection of the tert-butyl ester to generate the carboxylic acid in chloroform with TFA, my compound‘s pyridine moiety forms a TFacetate ammonium salt (small molecule drug, not a peptide; although: 1 amide bond). What would you recommend to either -preferably- generate the ‚free‘ zwitterion or to generate the HCl salt. Will diluting in 1M HCl suffice to protonate the TFacetate to evaporate it off and be left with the HCl salt?

Thanks!

Salts usually remain unmixed in the solutions, even after vigorous mixing, while preparing buffers for DNA isolation. Is there a method to it?

Accrording to "Hydrolysis of Nylon, Bossert, Ohio Wesleyan University(1949)", we can degrade down Nylon 6,6 by hydrolysis using sulfuric acid. After hydrolysis reaction, adipic acid can be isolated by simply cooling down the temperature because it crystallizes well in acid solution. However, the free hexamethylenediamine is highly soluble in aqueous solution. So, this paper suggest recrystallization of hexamethylenediamine into dibenzoyl derivatives.

But, I want to isolate degraded-monomers (hexamethylenediamine) in its original form, not in the form of dibenzoyl derivatives. How can I isolate this basic organic compound from sulfate salt of hexamethylenediamine solution?

I need to do TEM analysis for my Polyaniline emeraldine salt form. May I know which solvent is appropriate for preparing TEM sample?

How to make buildings resistant to earthquakes?

Now in Iran, according to my suggestion, Unilit roof is used in the roofs of residential and office buildings, which is very light. I took this suggestion in an article for the seismological organization in Tehran and gave 14 suggestions to prevent the Tehran earthquake, including 2 They implemented it. One of them removed the bricks from the roof of residential and office buildings and put unilite and poured concrete on top of it, which is very resistant because there is a round rod inside the bits and it was mixed with concrete, and I also said that in metal buildings from 7 or 8 should be used next to the walls because it makes the Masguni houses stronger and also 2 parking spaces should be used under the buildings, like palm trees or dates, which have deep roots and will not fall during an earthquake. Buildings must have deep roots and also in the science of retrofitting structures, divergence is used, that is, natural or artificial rubber is used under the pillars of the houses, and steel springs are used in the middle, so that during an earthquake, the building, like a car or A car that has a spring and the springs play, the building goes up and down but does not fall, and this is a building engineering science that makes buildings resistant to earthquakes and natural disasters. And secondly, through the injection of water and salt solution, the energy of the faults can be removed. Because it comes from the earth's core, which has 6000 degrees Celsius of heat. At any moment, this heat transfers to the surface of the earth. Therefore, the energy inside the earth must be removed, and by transferring the water and salt solution that all the oil extraction companies have, which is known as the injection of water and salt solution, like a tiny needle that is inserted into a balloon so that the balloon does not burst, we humans can create an artificial earthquake. Let's prevent the earthquake explosion and create an artificial earthquake ourselves and release the pressure inside the earth. And 3, we should not build residential or office buildings where there is a fault line, because the buildings are heavy and the taller and bigger they are, the more pressure is placed on the faults. So either we have to build a single floor or not at all to prevent an earthquake from happening.

Wisam Fawzi added an answer

I saw that this technique is used in most Iranian structures and my personal opinion is a successful technique.

How to make buildings resistant to earthquakes?

Now in Iran, according to my suggestion, Unilit roof is used in the roofs of residential and office buildings, which is very light. I took this suggestion in an article for the seismological organization in Tehran and gave 14 suggestions to prevent the Tehran earthquake, including 2 They implemented it. One of them removed the bricks from the roof of residential and office buildings and put unilite and poured concrete on top of it, which is very resistant because there is a round rod inside the bits and it was mixed with concrete, and I also said that in metal buildings from 7 or 8 should be used next to the walls because it makes the Masguni houses stronger and also 2 parking spaces should be used under the buildings, like palm trees or dates, which have deep roots and will not fall during an earthquake. Buildings must have deep roots and also in the science of retrofitting structures, divergence is used, that is, natural or artificial rubber is used under the pillars of the houses, and steel springs are used in the middle, so that during an earthquake, the building, like a car or A car that has a spring and the springs play, the building goes up and down but does not fall, and this is a building engineering science that makes buildings resistant to earthquakes and natural disasters. And secondly, through the injection of water and salt solution, the energy of the faults can be removed. Because it comes from the earth's core, which has 6000 degrees Celsius of heat. At any moment, this heat transfers to the surface of the earth. Therefore, the energy inside the earth must be removed, and by transferring the water and salt solution that all the oil extraction companies have, which is known as the injection of water and salt solution, like a tiny needle that is inserted into a balloon so that the balloon does not burst, we humans can create an artificial earthquake. Let's prevent the earthquake explosion and create an artificial earthquake ourselves and release the pressure inside the earth. And 3, we should not build residential or office buildings where there is a fault line, because the buildings are heavy and the taller and bigger they are, the more pressure is placed on the faults. So either we have to build a single floor or not at all to prevent an earthquake from happening.

How to make buildings resistant to earthquakes?

I am working on an acetyltransferase that is highly unstable. Its pI is 6.65, and its molecular weight is around 18 kDa. The protein elutes at 1M imidazole and begins to precipitate immediately after elution. After testing various pH levels and salt concentrations, I have been able to stabilize it in MES buffer at pH 5.5 with 1M salt and 5% glycerol, by immediately diluting it after collection. The highest concentration I achieved was approximately 6.67 mg/mL, which was only possible by adding 50 mM EDTA post-elution. This addition seemed to stabilize the protein, but I am uncertain if this approach is optimal, and replicating the results has been challenging.

However, when I try to concentrate it using a concentrator, its concentration rapidly decreases after buffer exchange. I have tested the flow-through, and the protein is not present there. I have also tried flushing the concentrator membrane with buffer, but there is no protein stuck to the membrane either. Only a negligible amount is precipitated. I am unable to determine what is happening to the protein. My eventual goal is to crystallize the protein.

Thank you.

I need the calculation procedure for this

Thank You

I am researching on azo dye degradation by bacteria. To analyze FTIR, how should I prepare my samples? Do I need to centrifuge, add anything or subtract anything? I am using minimal salt medium with 0.25% glucose.

I am already using BL21(DE3)pLysS cells but I am still getting leaky expression in pre-expression samples before IPTG is added. LB broth is tryptone, salt and yeast.

Thanks :)

I need to a salt without any nitrogen in it

Hi everyone!

I currently have the issue that my proteins are all eluting at the salt wash that I apply during my IMAC (HisTrap 5ml HP column).

My proteins are all His-SUMO-tagged. They are followed by a highly charged domain that should have a structure (alpha-helical but with a small unstructured region as well) and is very positively charged. After that, there is a domain that binds the cell wall of bacteria and another domain that should be cleaving the cell wall of bacteria.

I have been working on this type of protein for the last two months, and the only thing that is different among all constructs is just the positively charged domain between the N-term His-SUMO-tag and the other two domains on the C-term.

Usually, I load the sample in 20mM HEPES pH 7.4, 300mM NaCl, 1mM DTT, 5% Glycerol, 20mM Imidazole on the column, perform a wash with the same buffer with 50mM Imidazole and then another wash with 1M NaCl containing 20mM Imidazole. My first constructs were totally fine with this procedure and did not elute in the salt wash (just in the actual elution with 300mM Imidazole).

Then, after I tested different constructs that differed in the charged domain, I started seeing that every construct I test, is eluting in the salt wash. The only thing that changed, besides that one domain, between those constructs is that I started expressing the latter ones in TB autoinduction (25°C, 1.5% Lactose) due to time reasons (just too much constructs to express and test). Before, where I saw no issues, I was expressing in LB at 16°C with 0.1mM IPTG.

Might this be one reason that these constructs now behave so strange? The expression in TB always looks perfect. A lot of protein. But might this be the issue? Is it too much protein? Are they aggregating already? Does this change anything concerning electrostatic interactions? Does anyone have experience with this issue?

I have to mention that we started implementing a high salt wash in every E. coli purification since we always have a high 260nm signal. So, my idea would be to simply perform a normal IMAC without a salt wash in the future. Then, to remove the DNA in the flow through, I could perform a cation exchange (constructs are all around pI 10). Or would you rather actively bind the DNA with an anion exchange and collect the protein of interest in the flow through? Then, I cleave the protein with SUMO protease and remove the tag via size exclusion.

Alternatively, I heard that PEI could be used to initially precipitate in the lysate DNA? I just know this reagent from using it as a transfection reagent.

Benzonase is in our lysis buffer anyway, but it doesn't seem to help the removal of nucleotides in our sample.

Again, I am happy for insights, suggestions and fruitful discussions.

All the best!

Standard reagents (H2SO4, antimony, molybdate then ascorbic acid). Normal samples (water washed biochar, which would remove some salts plus a few nutrients, thus the PO4 test). Instant reaction turning the mixture white. I have done P analysis on thousands of aqueous samples of all kinds of sources and never seen this. Any suggestions are appreciated.

Hello!

I am doing batch adsorption studies for removal of lead. I am using lead nitrate salt for this purpose. When I adjust the initial pH of solution to 5 or above it precipitates. However, in literature researchers reported initial pH of solution to 9 as well performing batch adsorption studies. Is because of salt or something else?

Thanks for your guidance.

Hi.

I'm working on annealing of Al5083 and need to anneal that in salt bath. The temperature range of my experiments are between 200-500. I'd be appreciate to receive the name of proper salt for this alloy.

We are trying to find the best solvent concentration and storage conditions.

protecting Secondary amine with acid halide in presence of NEt3 especially in Flow sytem?

Should I centrifuge the the crude microalgal sample first and then analyze it or Should I dry it first. Please Help me out to solve this.

Hello, I am currently conducting my Bachelor on a organic synthesis. Here, I first form an acid chloride by the addition of thionyl chloride and Dimethylformamide (which together form the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent) to my starting product (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) at room temperature. After, I add Triethylamine (a proton scavenger) and a dimethylamine HCl salt, the latter of which should react with the acid chloride in a amidation reaction. However, upon addition of the DMA.HCl nothing seems to occur and a IR-spec analysis of the final product shows a molecule reminiscent of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This finding makes me think that there might be a polymerization reaction going on in which the acid chloride reacts with the hydroxy group of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. This would also be able to explain as to why the DMA.HCl would not react in the mixture as all the acid chlorides would have polymerized before the amidation could occur.

pls suggest process to extract nicotine from tobacco leaf to make nicotine salt

Currently, I'm preparation a homopolymer sodium salt using Sodium Persulfate as initiator and sodium hydpophospoite as CTA. But,my polymer that I've got have high molecular weight. I need your advise how to decrease my polymer molecular weight besides add more volume of water in the initial of the reaction (before polymerization) because I know homopolymer is a solution polymerization so I think they need more solvent so that the molecular weight is lower than before

When mixing the Algal Trace Elements Solution for COMBO medium, I had the problem that there was insoluable precipitation before and after autoclaving (in several trials). (Re)heating and stirring could not do anything.

I am afraid the same will happen again as there are particles floating around after adding metal solutions before autoclaving. But I really do not know what I did wrong. I dissolved NaEDTA well in MiliQ water before adding FeCl3 to it, dissolving it als well and I carefully put in the metal salt solutions in given order, everything like I did before. Before I try it next again, I might need to change something... What do you think? Should I decrease the concentration of metals by a certain factor (maybe 10) and put in more of that in the final medium for the right end concentration?

Hi.....I am working on a science project with my grandkids identifying crystals and have hit a real puzzler. We took some brine from a store-bought sour cabbage to see what might crystallize from the brine as it evaporated. In making the sour cabbage the producer said they added only 2% by weight Kosher salt and let the cabbage ferment for 2 weeks. The cabbage was not pasteurized.

We expected to see cubic NaCl crystals but, along with the normal salt crystals, was odd looking crystalline material as shown in the attached images taken with a binocular mic. The crystal morphology varies from snow-like to serrated laths to a cross-hatch fabric.

My guess is the material might be a product of fermentation. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

thank you

Salt water does not evaporate faster than fresh water; in fact, fresh water always evaporates faster than salt water. This is because of the difference between the salt and water molecules. Water is a slightly volatile substance, meaning that it is capable of evaporation, while salt is a nonvolatile substance, so it is not as capable of evaporation.

Evaporation takes place on the surface of a substance. Fresh water has only water molecules on its surface area, which lets it evaporate easily. Salt water, on the other hand, has both salt and water molecules on its surface area. The salt molecules take up part of the surface area and prevent the water molecules from evaporating as quickly, which is why salt water always evaporates more slowly than fresh water.

I’m currently using a protein (36 kDa) which needs to be unfolded during a labelling reaction. unfortunately the protein precipitates completely upon denaturation with EDTA which chelates the zinc ions holding its structure together. I’ve tried the reaction at 37, 40, and 55 degrees Celsius all with the same issue.

The exact same protocol (37 degrees, same edta:zinc ratio, time course) works for smaller constructs of the protein. I typically unfold, reduce, and then add the labelling reagent sequentially for 50 minutes each (total 2.5 hours shaking at 37). My protein concentrations have been between 20 and 200 micromolar, and the pH is maintained at 7.8 in 100 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer (no salt) for optimal labelling.

I need the protein to remain in solution for downstream experiments after the labelling reaction. How can I denature the protein while keeping it soluble?

The protein pI is 7.06, which may be too close to the reaction buffer, especially considering that the other constructs had pi’s at 5.3 and 6.6. I’m considering testing a higher pH, unfolding with EDTA and a detergent, and increasing the salt concentration. Ideally I’d have as low a salt concentration as possible for downstream mass spec, and maintain the pH between 7.5 and 8.5 for optimal labelling with the different reagents. I’d appreciate any feedback or advice!

Please suggest me any paper for this. Is there any process to collect them and find out in lab?

For example: the saturation molality of NaCl in pure water at 25°C is about 6.14 molal. The saturation molality of NaCl at 25°C, either in mixtures of water and formamide (the dielectric constant of formamide is much higher than that of water) or in mixtures of water and ethanol (the dielectric constant of ethanol is much lower than that of water) decreases in both cases.

I have not found any co-solvent that increases the solubility of NaCl compared to that of pure water. The same is true for all alkali halides!

Provided that the cultured cells were supplemented with sufficient metal salts during their growth phase

Hello,

I am currently working on a cyclic voltammetry test for ferrocene in acetonitrile I would like to ask you about some details, please:

-which work and counter electrode do you use?

-What cell do you use for measurement?

-How is the measurement process done?

-What potential range do you use?

-wich scanrat (v/s) ?

-How many repetitions are required?

Sorry for the large amount of questions, but the results I get are not completely satisfactory،I use a platinum wire as a reference electrode, platinum electrode as work electrode and glass carbon as counter electrode in acetonitrile,1mM Ferrocen and 100 mM TBAP as conductive salt.

An ordinary beaker from the laboratory was used as a cell.

I greatly appreciate your response and I would be grateful if I could get answers from you.

I am using Ag/AgCl electrode for alkaline seawater splitting. As 1M KOH is not suitable for Ag/AgCl nbecause high alkaline condition electrode potential is Ag2O. I am using 0.5M KOH. For extra care we rinsed the electrode with 3M KCl solution before each measurement. We have Hg/HgO electrode but I found that Hg is sensitive to chloride anion. We know that salt concentration is high for sea water condition. Will it be accurate or minimum error in electrode potential in this condition (seawater+0.5M KOH)?

I'm trying to measure a few (typically in the range of 0.5mg to 5mg) micrograms of organic compounds for a particular experiment on a microanalytical balance (A&D BM20).

The apparatus I'm currently using:-

The problems that I'm facing are as follows:-

Hence I'm looking for alternatives for butter paper or any other methods to improve my measuring accuracy.

One day when we made our regularly used medium, we noticed the initial pH was much higher than usual (above 6.0. usually it is around 4.0). It seems it only happened in our lab. The neighbor lab doesn't have problems. I have tried to test the initial pH using the water from our lab (B16) and the neighbor lab (B12). When I made LB medium, the initial pH was comparable with water from both labs; however, when making other media containing salts, vitamins, hormones, and sucrose, they showed different readings. The pH using water from neighbor lab was similar as our previous records while that using our lab was abnormally higher. I also used pH strips. The pH for water from the neighbor lab has been consistent, but that from our lab varied. Occasionally, it was similar; but most time shown in the attached file (shown in the attached file). Now my concern is what caused the high pH of this water. Is it toxic for our tissue culture? Any suggestions for figuring out the problem? Any information will be appreciated.

What material would you recommend that has interconnected holes and is abundant in nature, making its extraction or production cost low and the production process simple? This material should have the ability to retain a significant amount of salt (NaCl) and gradually release it when in contact with ice. Additionally, it should be a one-time use material.

short answer.

Hello

I prepared silver nanoparticles by various method but every time peak disappeared, as the peak of silver nitrate salt at 300nm and it disappeared when I reduced it chemically. Now suggest me whether I put these peak as it is or I find out other method for silver nanoparticles synthesis because in literature their peak appear at 350 to 400nm .

Kindly suggest the best way.

AToI

Please provide atleast 4-5 methods to remove water from H3PO2 to make it concentrated except from using ether.

Hello, I am seeing inconsistent passivation results in my stainless steel finishing process. I am welding 316 stainless steel, then grinding down the weld to achieve a smooth finish, then electro-cleaning the mechanically altered surface with a handheld electropolisher.

The problem is that sometimes I will get grooves in the ground surface during that step (chatter-like marks perpendicular to the grinding direction) that eventually rust in a salt spray test, even after electrochemical cleaning. I've attached a picture of the marks that show up after the grinding step.

Any ideas on how to avoid rust in this scenario? Is the grinding step thermally degrading the passivation layer of the stainless steel in a way that it cannot be salvaged?

Any feedback is appreciated! Thanks!

Hello,

I actually have a salt of potassium formate, but the issue is that there are many impurities in the salt. I wanted to know which analytical technique is appropriate to quantify the composition of the salt as well as identify all the impurities present in the salt.

I am thinking of HPLC and GC-MS. Which of these is better and how to go about it? Lastly, are there any better methods than the ones I have listed? There is a lab with most of the equipment, but I just want to make sure I go with the most suitable one.

Imagine you have a field with excessive salt buildup. Assume the volumetric water content is 0.35 cm3 cm-3 and the root zone is 120 cm deep.

If the soil in the field is a clay loam soil with Ks= 5.5 cm per day, b = 5.2, and saturated water content (Theta)=0.5 cm3 cm-3, the hydraulic conductivity followed Campbell’s model, and the flow was under unit gradient conditions (i.e. negligible matric potential gradient), then how long would it take to leach out the salts?

Hello, I was testing the corrosion rate of Aluminium when dissolved in a highly concentrated potassium formate. Now I know corrosion rate is influenced by the presence of dissolved oxygen as well as the temperature. I actually wanted to get a standpoint on how the corrosion rate would be affected at a constant concentration of the salt solution and also the impact on dissolved oxygen.

Is there someone who can guide me on this?

After the preparation of Graphene Oxide (GO), from modified Hummers method there are two recommended washing steps: (i) with HCl and (ii) then with de-ionised water. Is it advisable to make the PH to neutral by addition of base like NaOH instead of washing with de-ionised water several times to remove acid  >??? 

The deal is about HyJet (Exxon), and analogs (Valvoline Ultramax and Solutia/Eastman Skydrol).

Aviation hydraulic fluids based on fire resistant alkyl and/or aryl phenyl phosphate esters may contain PFAS additives such as cyclohexanesulfonic acid, decafluoro(pentafluoroethyl), potassium salt (CAS No. 67584-42-3) and different chain-length homologs in concentrations of about 0.05% . Other possible substances are cyclohexanesulfonic acid, decafluoro(trifluoromethyl)-, Potassium salt, CAS No 68156-07-0, cylohexanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobis(trifluoromethyl)-, Potassium salt, CAS No. 68156-01-4 or cyclohexanesulfonic acid, undecafluoro-, Potassium salt, CAS No.3107-18-4

These additives are extremely effective and thermally and electrochemically stable, but PFAS are now banned.

I am doing a fluorescence spectroscopy experiment of a nafion thin film with HPTS dye and running it using salt solutions for humidity. But, at High Humidity such as 70% it starts condensation inside the chamber ( a closed box ; inside it I keep my sample to humidify).

I have performed the Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in 0.1M NaHCO3.

I have to detect the liquid products from the HPLC instrument. What kind of column can be preferable for detection? I have C18 column only.

why not any one?

Hello, i prepared porous carbon using direct and salt template method. i thought the salt template should only give mesoporous carbon but i got hysteresis in the two methods. How do i explain that the salt template improved the porosity more than the direct carbonization

I am working on pyridylamine compounds as nucleophiles for a reaction. During the work, I encountered an amine which is in the form of a Hydrochloride salt. To perform my reaction, I need to completely remove it from the salt state and use its free amine. I can't extract it with the help of dichloromethane and water because the solubility of the this amine in free form is 20 times its salt state in water.

During RNA FISH, the fluorescent probes are hybridized with target RNAs with 20-24bp base pairing.

But how strong this interaction is with only several hydogen bonds?

How much salt or fomamide are needed for break this interaction?

Dear all,

I want to express my protein of intterest in absence of salt. Now the challenge is to see the survival of cells and even if it survives, where I could find a cell medium (any company that provide it). Please recommend if any commerically available media that has no salt.

Thank you

With kind regards

Prem

i want to model a flow through a channel in which water flows from left end and on the top wall a salt concentration is to be provided. i want to see how much salt disolved in water in 100 sec. The water flows in the channel with a certain velocity. i do not understand how. i can apply salt composition on wall