Salivary Glands - Science topic

Valproic acid (VA), an anticonvulsant drug, has been associated with various toxic effects, primarily through the induction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of alpha lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant, against VA-induced oxidative damage in rat submandibular salivary glands. Control, LA, VA, and...

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) of the parotid is a rare entity with minimal reported incidences in the Asian population. It generally presents as a solid tumor and is considered a diagnostic dilemma due to morphological diversity and variable histological patterns. This article reports a unique fluid‐filled PAC of the parotid gland mimicking a c...

How tissue shape and therefore function is encoded by the genome remains in many cases unresolved. The tubes of the salivary glands in the Drosophila embryo start from simple epithelial placodes, specified through the homeotic factors Scr/Hth/Exd. Previous work indicated that early morphogenetic changes are prepatterned by transcriptional changes,...

Introduction: Head and neck cancers; include cancers in the oral cavity, lip, nasal cavity, salivary glands, pharynx, and larynx. This study aimed to investigate dentists' awareness of osteoradionecrosis, one of the most critical side effects of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. Material and Method: In this survey study, dentists...

The tongues of birds, which are generally adapted to their feeding habits, have a wide variety of anatomical structures. The tongue structures of flamingos are equipped with the ability to make 3 different types of feedings. The aim of this study was to examine the lingual structures of flamingos. Cuticula cornificata linguae (nail tongue) structur...

Background Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction presents a significant clinical challenge with limited treatment options. SG epithelial cells offer a promising approach due to their intrinsic tissue specificity and regenerative potential. However, the lack of efficient culture methods has hindered their clinical use. Methods This study presents a chem...

Background Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) is a rare salivary gland malignant tumor. Previous studies mainly focused on surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to describe more clinical characteristics, treatments, and overall survival (OS) of TACC. Methods Retrospectively analyzed TACC patients from two medical...

Defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) is a key immune response gene, but its role in cancer remains unclear. This study aims to explore DEFB1 expression, genetic alterations, immune infiltration, and prognostic significance across various cancer types. We analyzed DEFB1 expression and its association with cancer prognosis using data from public platforms, includ...

New technologies are increasingly widespread in medical practice. Particularly, the 3D view is considered among the most useful innovations in surgery. It allows the operator to reconstruct the patient’s anatomy in his own mind, going beyond his personal imagination. In the last few years, a new facility has been experienced; it is the exoscopy. Ex...

Malignant salivary gland tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms with unpredictable biological behavior and recurrence patterns, Recurrence rates of malignant parotid tumors vary across studies, influenced by differences in sample characteristics and follow-up protocols, Overall, reported rates range from 10% to 50%, however several factors contrib...

This article analyzes the molecular-genetic mechanisms underlying the development of salivary gland tumors. Key genetic mutations (PLAG1, HMGA2, CTNNB1) and their impact on tumor growth are examined. The role of dysregulated signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, NF-kB) in carcinogenesis is highlighted. Particular attention is given to t...

Background Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a crucial membrane protein involved in water transport across cellular membranes, particularly within exocrine glands such as salivary glands. Dysregulation of AQP5, including its mislocalization, has been associated with various diseases, emphasizing the need to understand the molecular mechanisms governing its tra...

ABSTRACT Radionuclide contamination in terrestrial ecosystems has nowadays reached a dangerous level. The most frequent and studied artificial radionuclides are iodine (131-I) and cesium (137-Cs and 134-Cs), which are both on the rise in the world. In humans, these elements are captured and metabolized by the thyroid, pancreas, mammary and salivary...

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) allows minimally invasive surgical access to the oropharynx. Its benefits are well documented for squamous cell carcinomas, but not for salivary carcinomas. The aim of this study was to describe the French experience of TORS regarding salivary gland carcinomas of the base of tongue (BOT). This was a retrospective mu...

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumor that arises mainly in the head and neck area. It represents <1% of all head and neck malignancies and about 4–10% of all salivary gland tumors. This study presents a 27-year-old patient who was found to have ACC of the lacrimal gland and was treated with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherap...

A six years and four months old Japanese Black cow presented with a solid mass in the left and middle mandible. Treatment involved the administration of antibiotics and the mass was surgically removed. Recurrence of the mass was observed, and the cow exhibited hypersalivation and anorexia before dying naturally. A necropsy revealed a solid subcutan...

Pulmonary Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (PMEC) is a rare, slow‐growing, low‐grade primary intrathoracic cancer of the tracheobronchial tree that manifests as an exophytic endobronchial tumour with luminal obstruction. Radical surgery is the cornerstone of treatment for low‐grade PMEC. We report a case of a 23‐year‐old woman who presented with intermitte...

Recent studies have revealed significant hidden diversity and a high incidence of cryptic speciation in Antarctic marine gastropods. Originally, philinoid cephalaspideans in the Southern Ocean were classified within the genus Philine. However, molecular and morphological studies have shown that three genera encompass all known diversity instead. Th...

Transmission of malaria relies on the formation of sporozoites in the mosquito midgut and their subsequent invasion of the salivary gland. Despite their importance, our understanding of the cell biology of sporozoite formation and salivary gland invasion is limited. Here, we apply a technique called Mosquito Tissue Ultrastructure Expansion Microsco...

Objective This study aimed to assess the feasibility of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) employing the multi-dynamic multi-echo (MDME) technique as a diagnostic modality for evaluating glandular dysfunction in patients with hyposalivation. Methods The MDME technique generated T1, T2, and proton density (PD) maps of the parotid gland,...

A 40-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with recurrent and painful swelling of the right submandibular gland aggravated during meals. Bimanual palpation of the floor of the mouth revealed a slightly enlarged right submandibular gland, along with numerous mobile intraductal calcifications. The rest of the physical examination...

Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma (PAC) is a distinctive malignancy that primarily affects the minor salivary glands. A defiant diagnosis of this lesion is related to its pathological findings, including architectural diversity, and its clinical aspect that usually mimics benign lesions. A 72-year-old male presented a slow-growing painless nodule in the...

Background Viruses such as the dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) pose major threats to human health, causing endemic, emerging, and reemerging diseases. These arboviruses have complex life cycles involving Aedes mosquitoes, driven by environmental, ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. In Colombia, Aed...

Visualizing the major salivary glands (MSGs) in domestic mammals using plain radiology and identifying damaged their structures is impossible. To accurately display MSGs, the knowledge of normal sectional imaging anatomy is essential for veterinarians, aiding them significantly in identifying the exact relations and position of MSGs; however, no re...

Background: Salivary gland lesions encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant conditions, necessitating accurate preoperative diagnosis for optimal patient management. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic tool; however, the variability in interpretation has led to the development of the Milan Scoring System, whi...

Background: The management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has evolved significantly over the years, particularly concerning the surgical approach to neck dissection and the preservation of the Submandibular Gland (SMG). The decision to preserve the SMG during neck dissection is influenced by various factors, including the stage of the carci...

Arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), pose a significant global health and economic burden, with Aedes aegypti serving as their primary vector. Arbovirus infection in Ae. aegypti progresses sequentially through the midgut (MG), carcass (CA), and salivary glands (SG), with each tissue exhibitin...

Introduction Early identification of patients at risk for toxicity induced by radiotherapy (RT) is essential for developing personalized treatments and mitigation plans. Preclinical models with relevant endpoints are critical for systematic evaluation of normal tissue responses. This study aims to determine whether attention-based vision transforme...

Contrast-induced sialadenitis (CIS), a rare inflammatory reaction of the salivary glands, occurs after exposure to iodinated contrast media (ICM). This self-limiting condition typically manifests as glandular swelling and pain, with variable severity, from hours to days post-contrast administration. Its etiology includes inflammatory edema, ductal...

Background Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula), and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) are major vegetables of the Cucurbitaceae family cultivated extensively in India. However, their production is severely affected by begomoviruses, which inflict significant global damage to cucurbits. Among these, tomato leaf curl New Delhi v...

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the parotid gland is a rare malignancy characterized by delayed distant metastasis, often presenting as pre-auricular swelling. We report a 47-year-old male who initially presented with unexplained right-sided chest pain, leading to the discovery of a rib lesion and eventual diagnosis of metastatic ACC. Imaging rev...

Tumours of salivary glands ore uncommon and comprise of about 2% to 4% of all head and neck tumours. About 75 to 80% of these tumours are benign and include pleomorphic adenomo, monomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma and papillAry cystodenoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of salivary glands, representing 5-10% of all saliva...

Recent research indicates that the age of disease onset plays a crucial role in shaping the phenotype of systemic autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Late-onset Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) presents unique diagnostic challenges due to symptom overlap with age-related conditions. Key issues include difficulties in interpreting tests for sicca syndrome, hig...

Background Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a newly identified entity in the WHO classification of salivary gland tumors characterized by MEF2C::SS18 fusion. It was previously considered as adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS). With the discovery of new gene fusions specifying distinct salivary gland tumors and restricting the diagnos...

Background Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is an infrequent malignancy characterized by various pathological subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for several cancers. Evidence suggests that ICIs may be effective against rare neoplasms, including SGC. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy...

Sialolithiasis, or the formation of stones within the salivary glands, is a common cause of the submandibular gland’s duct obstruction, which can lead to submandibular abscesses. We reported the case of a 56-year-old man with a submandibular abscess caused by sialolithiasis of the left submandibular gland. A 56-year-old male patient came with compl...

Objective Dual checkpoint inhibitor therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab has been FDA approved for a number of cancer sites. However, its role in the treatment of ACC and non‐ACC salivary gland carcinomas (non‐ACC SGC) is not well established. Methods and Analysis We performed Simon's two‐stage prospective single‐institution Phase II clinical tri...

Dry mouth or xerostomia has been reported as a symptom of COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the SARS-COV-2 and xerostomia. A comprehensive search across scientific databases, including MEDLINE (through PubMed), Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted according to the search strategy from December 2019 t...

Introduction: Amongst the various soft tissue tumors, the benign lipomas are made up of mature adipose tissue. It mainly occurs anywhere in the body, usually affecting the trunk and extremities. Oral lipomas can develop in different locations within the mouth, such as the buccal mucosa, major salivary glands, tongue, lip, vestibule, palate, and the...

Purpose We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of elastosonography and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Methods Using PICOS criteria, experimental and observational research evaluating elastosonography or 18 F-FDG PET/CT for different...

Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, responsible for more than half a million deaths annually and principally involving children. The successful transmission of malaria by Anopheles mosquitoes relies on complex successive interactions between the parasite and various mosquito organs, host factors,...

Saliva is a vital bodily fluid that facilitates digestion, speech, and swallowing, while also protecting oral tissues through its antimicrobial and lubricating properties. Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is typically associated with reduced salivary flow or, in rarer cases, psychological factors. Key causes of decreased salivary flow include d...

Malaria transmission begins when Anopheles mosquitos deposit saliva and Plasmodium parasites during a bloodmeal. As Anopheles mosquitos are nocturnal, we investigated whether their salivary glands are under circadian control, anticipating bloodmeals and modulating parasite biology for host encounters. Here we show that approximately half of the mos...

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is commonly employed to diagnose salivary gland tumors due to its minimally invasive nature. However, repeated FNAC can lead to complications such as vascular injury, ischemia, and infarction, particularly in Warthin tumors (WT). These changes manifest as squamous metaplasia, necrosis, and inflammation, which...

Background/Objectives: Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease caused by chronic inflammation of the exocrine glands. We aimed to determine the immunohistochemical parameters that may help in the diagnosis of pSS and to determine histopathological markers for the early diagnosis of patients. Methods: Hematoxylin–eosin-stained prep...

Introduction Mumps is an acute viral infection characterized by swelling of parotid or other salivary glands. In November, 2023, a clinical case of mumps was detected during a household visit in Ajwan village, Naubatpur block, Patna, which led to the investigation to determine a possible outbreak of mumps along with its epidemiology and to implemen...

Background: Fractionated radiotherapy is a common approach for treating head and neck malignancies in which the salivary glands become included within the radiation field, causing xerostomia. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of post-dose radiotherapy to determine the possibility of recovery of the submandibular gland without inter...

Introduction. Numerous scientific papers have emphasised that COVID-19 should not be considered solely as an acute respiratory viral infection, as this disease can affect not only the respiratory system but also other organs and systems, exerting a complex effect on health and well-being, including the salivary glands and saliva. Considering that t...

Context Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS) is an auto-immune disease with a chronic inflammation causing dysfunction of salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry eyes and dry mouth. Focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (FLS) and focus score (FS) are significant diagnostic criteria in SjS. Aims To evaluate the FLS and FS and quantify FS in H&E sections of norma...

A 61-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after a chest computed tomography scan revealed a mass lesion in the right lower lobe. The mass had been growing for 4 years, with a branching shadow at its periphery showing a finger-in-glove sign. A forceps biopsy was performed using a bronchoscope, which was suspicious for papilloma; however, mali...

Soft tissue lesions involving the posterior palate region are unusual cases, especially among children. In such scenarios, it is essential to arrive at an accurate and conclusive diagnosis and also rule out malignancies. Several allergic diseases resulting in sialadenitis have been identified which include Kimura’s disease, eosinophilic sialodochit...

Background Oral mucoceles are common lesions involving the salivary glands, characterized by mucous extravasation or retention phenomena. Despite their prevalence, they are often underreported, leading to potential diagnostic challenges and oversight of unusual presentations. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, d...

A 48-year-old woman presented with a submucosal, slow-growing tumor of over 1.5 cm in the left upper lip. The enucleation was performed in local anesthesia and after a curved incision cranial to the tumor. The histopathology showed an encapsulated tumor with three diagnostic components: 1) epithelial (ductal) component forming the inner layer of cy...

Oral chronic graft versus host disease (OcGvHD) is characterized by a myriad of clinical signs and symptoms. The oral health status can be debilitating to the patient by exacerbated mucosal symptoms and decreasing quality of life. Oral manifestations may acutely present as mild to moderate erythematous lesions on mucosal surfaces, painful recurrent...

Stunting remains a significant nutritional concern in Indonesia, potentially affecting physical and cognitive development. Stunting may lead to oral health issues, specifically dental caries, due to salivary gland atrophy in malnourished children. While dental caries have multiple contributing factors, breast milk contains protective proteins and a...

Objectives: To investigate and describe the clinicopathological profile of pleomorphic ade-noma, salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases at a Northeast Brazilian Oral Pathology referral center. Methods: Clinical features, histopathological diagnoses, subtypes, and specific histopatho-logical features were collected fro...

Background/Objectives: Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is an inflammatory condition of the salivary glands that can closely mimic malignancy. While it predominantly affects the minor salivary glands of the hard palate, it can also occur in the parotid gland, leading to potential misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. This study aims to analyze th...

It is well known that a number of head and neck carcinomas are associated with HRAS mutations, and that several cancers with RAS mutations, such as lung cancer, have a poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of HRAS mutations in head and neck carcinomas and characterized the clinical and cell biological features of carcinomas with...

Dieses Protokoll zeigt die Schritte einer klassischn Sektion einer Ratte. Dieses Protokoll braucht eine erfahrene, geschulte Person die sie unterstützt und ist für sich allein nicht ausreichend für eine erfolgreiche Sektion. Hier werden zuerst Strukturen im Halsbereich, sowie die Organe des Herzkreislaufsystem und Verdauungstraktes freigelegt, dana...

Head and neck cancer encompasses a diverse group of malignant neoplasms originating in regions such as the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, sinonasal cavities, and salivary glands. HNC represents a significant public health challenge, and recent reports indicate an increment in the incidence of HNC in young adults. In 2020, approximate...

Los autores, 2025. Publicado por la Universidad Científica del Sur (Lima, Perú) Rev Cient Odontol (Lima). 2025; 13(1): e234. REPORTE DE CASO ABSTRACT Objective: This case report aimed to characterize primary pleomorphic adenoma cells obtained from a parotid gland tumor through tissue biopsy, primary cell culture, and immunohistochemical analysis. M...

Purpose Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands. Although most studies have reported the predominant, recurring driver mutation is in HRAS, its molecular pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of a case ser...

Chemotherapy, particularly cisplatin, is a prevalent cancer treatment. Unfortunately, many tissues, for instance the submandibular salivary glands, are toxically affected by cisplatin. Of significant interest, phytopharmaceuticals rich in flavonoids have demonstrated exceptional defense against chemotherapy induced toxicity, like chrysin (Chr); nev...

Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer globally, with over 300 thousand deaths annually. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of head and neck tumors is a well-known method for its evaluation, although malignant and benign imaging tumors often overlap. Permeability is an advanced method performed by MRI that assist in the diagnosis and...

Introduction Mumps is a viral infection that principally affects the salivary glands, but it results in a range of complications, including orchitis, pancreatitis, and meningoencephalitis. Hepatic involvement is exceedingly rare and underreported in adults. Here, we present a peculiar case of mumps-associated hepatitis, highlighting its diagnostic...

The role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) in the pathophysiology of salivary gland dysfunction in diabetes has not been fully addressed. In this work, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of salivary gland dysfunctions in diabetes, focusing on the role of AGEs. Hyperglycemia induces the generation and accumulation of AGEs, induces...

Introduction: Oncocytoma is a benign tumor of the salivary glands consisting of oncocyte cells, occurring in approximately 2% of all salivary gland neoplasms, most of which occur in the parotid gland. This tumour most commonly occurs in the sixth to eighth decades of life, with a mean age of 64 years and without gender predilection. The clinical pr...

Background/Objectives: Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm that predominantly arises from the salivary glands, accounting for a significant proportion of salivary gland cancers. The aim of this literature review is to illustrate the current insights on ACC with regards to related genes and molecular pathways by...

Background: Head and neck swellings are a very common presentation encountered by clinicians and patients across all age groups. Various lesions give rise to head and neck lumps. Swellings can arise from soft tissues, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, salivary glands etc. FNAC being minimally invasive, quick and inexpensive helps in differential diagnosi...

Introduction Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in the adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) microenvironment may be used as potential therapeutic targets. This study investigated the diagnostic potential of four FAPi derivatives i.e. DOTA-FAPi-46 (FAPi46), DOTA.SA.FAPi (SA.FAPi), DATA5m.SA.FAPi (DATA.FAPi)...

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease primarily affecting salivary glands, with xerostomia as a distinct clinical manifestation. This disease also poses a significantly increased risk of lymphoma, severely impacting patients’ quality of life. The imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells plays a critical role in SS progression, driving sever...

Background: Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a subjective sensation often linked to hyposalivation, affecting oral and overall health. With a global prevalence of 5.5% to 46%, it is more common in the elderly due to factors like polypharmacy, systemic diseases, and age-related salivary gland changes. Xerostomia impacts daily activities such as speaking...

Plants can deploy chemical defenses that poison herbivorous insects or deter their feeding; however, insects can counter by secreting effector proteins that modulate these defense responses. In principle, plants might therefore interfere with the expression of insect effector proteins, but knowledge about such a process remains limited. Here, we ex...

Purpose: Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy that accounts for less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. Our study evaluates clinicopathologic features of the largest known cohort reported in current literature. Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for cases report...

Background The advent of 360° CZT gamma-cameras allows to conceive personalised dosimetry studies from whole-body SPECT/CT data. We aimed to demonstrate the proof-of-concept of an automated personalized dosimetry pipeline for [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA organ dosimetry, called SimpleDose, and to compare to other dosimetry approaches. Methods The organ segmenta...

Tricellulin, a key tricellular tight junction (TJ) protein, is essential for maintaining the barrier integrity of acinar epithelia against macromolecular passage in salivary glands. This study aims to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of tricellulin in the development of salivary gland hypofunction in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Employing a mu...

Background Salivary gland tumors are rare, representing 6–8% of head and neck tumors. Adenoid cystic carcinoma represents approximately 10% of salivary gland tumors. The preferential sites of metastases are the lung and bone, followed by the brain and liver. Liver metastasis as the initial clinical manifestation of parotid gland adenoid cystic carc...

Radiation induced structural damage of salivary gland including reducing acinar cell and fibrosis. These changes result in hypofunction of salivary gland which has a significant impact on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients who treated with radiotherapy. Nevertheless, no preventive method has been found. Metformin, a diabetes drug,...

Objective Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive technique for treating inflammatory salivary gland diseases, requiring hands‐on training due to its steep learning curve. While pig heads have been the standard training model for over two decades, sheep heads have recently emerged as an alternative. This study evaluates the efficiency of sheep heads...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include multiple disorders of the heart and blood vessels, are the leading causes of death. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that regulates vascular tension. Endogenous NO is produced via the L-arginine–nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. In conditions of cardiovascular dysfunction, NOS activity is impaired,...