Sahara - Science topic

The Ghout is a traditional agricultural system located principally in the Souf Oasis (Algerian Sahara); it has been classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as a globally important agricultural heritage system (GIAHS) since 2005. The main objective of this investigation study is to check whether the community...

Stratégie de restauration des écosystèmes aquatiques dégradés : cas du lac de Réghaiia (nord Algérien) et d'El-Goléa (sud Algérien). Résumé L'eau c'est la vie. Elle représente la composante principale des écosystèmes aquatiques qui doit être préservé. Ces derniers sont fortement affectés par les activités anthropiques (domestiques, industrielles et...

Escherichia coli is a frequent member of the healthy human gastrointestinal microbiota, as well as an important human pathogen. Previous studies have focused on the genomic diversity of the pathogenic E. coli and much remains unknown about the non-diarrheagenic E. coli residing in the human gut, particularly among young children in low and middle i...

Le présent ouvrage se veut être une pratique sémiotique de l’espace romanesque, plus particulièrement la sémiotique narrative de Greimas : la logique actantielle d'une part, et la séquence narrative de base d'autre part. Le but de l’auteur est d’explorer les pratiques sémiotiques de l’espace à partir d’une problématique spécifique : l’espace parado...

The globally invasive mosquito subspecies Aedes aegypti aegypti is a highly effective vector of human arboviruses, in part because it specializes in biting humans and breeding in human habitats. Recent work suggests that specialization first arose as an adaptation to long, hot dry seasons in the West African Sahel, where Ae. aegypti is forced to re...

We present a supervised machine learning (ML) approach to improve the accuracy of the regional horizontal distribution of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) simulated by the CHIMERE chemistry transport model over North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD satellite observations. Our method pr...

Our study highlights the ecology of coleopteran species associated with durum wheat in the Biskra region, based in three sites considered to be the most important cereal poles in the region, Using a fall trap, we were able to collect a total of 1671 individuals of Coleoptera, belonging to 42 species, 38 genus and 12 families. The most representativ...

Dust particles exist in the form of mineral aerosols and play a significant role in climate change patterns, while also having the potential to affect human health. The size of these particles is crucial, as it determines the atmosphere’s albedo. In the past few years, a Saharan dust cloud has moved and arrived above Romania during spring, followed...

Libya, especially with the lack of renewable water sources has a great strain on its water needs and supply, relying largely on groundwater to satisfy its demand. The Great Man- Made River (GMMR) project was developed in order to transport water from subsurface aquifers from the Sahara Desert to the northern parts of Libya, where water demand is hi...

The three-dimensional (3D) visualization of geological structures and the dynamic simulation of geologic evolutionary processes are helpful when studying the formation of renowned geologic features. However, most of the existing 3D modelling software is based on raster models, which is unable to generate smooth geologic boundaries. This work propos...

The role of trade has been crutial in the process of Islamisation in sub-Saharan Africa. Arab, Berber, Persian and Indian merchants spread Islam across the vast geographic areas of the Sahara and the Indian Ocean. The first African converts were among the elite, most often merchants and local leaders. Islamised cities and kingdoms quickly took adva...

One of the most prevalent yet underappreciated wild plant species in the dry regions of Nigeria and all of Africa is the desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca). Its many uses, such as a source of food, fuel, wood, oils, household items, animal feed, and numerous pharmacological applications, are extremely obvious. Several Balanites preparations have be...

Man has always built and lived in earthen architecture. These have many qualities according to the geographical areas, specificities even if the agglomerations developed from social backgrounds and techniques that can highlight cultural convergences and policies. Algeria has a vernacular architectural heritage of recognized value, specifically in S...

The Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab. is a shrub native to the Mediterranean and endemic to the central Sahara in the Hoggar massif of southern Algeria, whose leaves are used by the Tuareg, in infusion mixed with tea, against diarrhea, fever, diabetes and for its anti-infective properties. The hypoglycemic activity of the essential oil extracted from t...

The consequences of Trump's decision to recognize Moroccan sovereignty over the occupied territories of Western Sahara

Ma thèse est sur l'évolution des anciennes civilisations de l'Acheuléen dans le Sahara algérien, les sites identifiés et non étudiés, ainsi que sur le paléoenvironnement et les traces de l'ancienne faune quaternaire.

The aim of this study was to identify the consequences of colonization in the daily lives of African peoples in sub-Saharan Africa. For this, many actions have been carried out. From the 4,500 men interviewed, 3,010 would choose a light-skinned wife and 1,000 a dark-skinned wife; 490 are not influenced by skin complexion. From the 4,500 women inter...

Background Precipitation anomalies are associated with a number of poor health outcomes. One potential consequence of precipitation extremes is human geographic mobility. We evaluated the associations between precipitation anomalies (droughts and heavy rains) and short-term mobility in 23 sub-Saharan African countries by linking satellite data on p...

Native plants of the Sahara are remarkably resistant to prolonged droughts and are important sources of forage, food, and medicine. Their regeneration from seeds after strong anthropogenic disturbances is a challenging step toward their conservation and to mitigate desertification. We studied the germination responses of 43 dominant native species...

The natural distributional ranges of pea crop wild relatives, confined to Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn. sensu lato (alternatively Lathyrus oleraceus Lamarck subsp. biflorus (Rafin.) H. Schaefer, Coulot & Rabaute) and Pisum fulvum Sm. (alternatively Lathyrus fulvus (Sm.) Kosterin) are reconstructed as precise as possible...

Ephedra alata is a medicinal plant that has a long history of usage in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as bronchial asthma, digestive system disorders and cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the chemical constituents of the crude methanolic and hydro-methanolic extracts of Ephedra alata aerial part and to assess th...

Northern Algeria is a large region in the northwestern of Africa, lying on the collision boundary between the African and Eurasian plates. Few studies on Lithosphere and Mantle deformation have been conducted in this region. To better understand the seismic anisotropy patterns beneath this area, we used data from 17 broadband stations installed in...

This article examine an question which had caused many discussions, concerning the extension of the French colonization on the Mzab region in north of the Algerian Sahara, between 1853 and 1882 date of the direct domination on the region. This operation has been réalised differently to other regions of the country because of there geographical and...

The vertical aerosol layering of the troposphere is poorly documented in mountainous regions, particularly in the Alpine valleys, which are influenced by valley and mountain winds. To improve our knowledge of particulate matter trapped in the Annecy valley, synergetic measurements performed by a ground-based meteorological Raman lidar and a Rayleig...

L'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier l'efficacité de la station de déminéralisation dans la région d'Ouargla en utilisant la technologie de l'osmose inverse, et la qualité physico-chimique de l'eau brute et de l'eau traitée dans une station de déminéralisation. En quatre mois, trois échantillons d'eau brute et d'eau traitée ont été prélevés...

Table des matières France 24 : Les hommes de Néandertal pratiquaient la chasse à l'éléphant 2 Plos One : Prehistoric pathways to Anthropocene adaptation: Evidence from the Red River Delta, Vietnam 7 L’Opinion : Sahara marocain / Culture : Abondance du patrimoine matériel et immatériel 11 Pour la Science : Les Bantous dans la forêt des Pygmées 14 Mi...

Due to their robust antioxidant capabilities, potential health benefits, wide variety of biological activities, and strong antioxidant qualities, phenolic compounds are substances that have drawn considerable attention in recent years. The main goal of the review is to draw attention to saharian Algerian medicinal plants and the determination of th...

Desert dust and sand storms from the Sahara can sometimes be transported thousands of kilometers, causing social and economic damages throughout their path, deteriorating the air quality, and affecting human health. The seasonal climatology and transport pathways of dust aerosols are, therefore, essential to a deeper understanding of the impact of...

The development of intensive irrigated agriculture in arid California has inspired many governments and people around the world. In the paper, we show how 'California' as a social imaginary influenced North Africa’s irrigation policies. We trace the influence of this imaginary at two very different and critical junctures: in Morocco under the Frenc...

Camel livestock is an ancestral activity in Algeria; however, climate change has forced camel herders to modify their breeding practices to make them more sustainable. This study summarized livestock production practices, milk qualities, and the potential of camel livestock to preserve production ability under global warming. To collect data relate...

The paper examines the policy of Sir Frederick Lugard to dredge the Lower Niger for all-year-round navigability in the early 1900s. As well as its politics, dredging history and a comparison with the Pearl River and the Mississippi, the River Niger study focused on “Lugard’s colonial imperatives” about the river in contrast to the challenges of its...

Researchers and policymakers often claim that harsh climate conditions intensify the risk of armed conflict by acting as a “threat multiplier.” Yet, new data reveal that locations with seasonal environmental variations face higher conflict risk than locations with permanently harsh climate, e.g., due to the ability of populations accustomed to hars...

Calculations show that the influence of the CO2 on the temperature is much less than one percent, negligible, therefore. The new water cycle, discovered by this author, is demonstrated physically and mathematically, showing the influence of certain human activities on the natural cycles and thus on the climate, that is, not as such influence been s...

This study dismantling and analyzes the social and security impact of illegal migration from the Sahel and Sahara region on Algerian social security. This complex and complex phenomenon, often carried out as clandestine transboundary movements and often combined with terrorism, organized crime and trafficking Weapons, trafficking in human beings, s...

Dust aerosols often create hazardous air quality conditions that affect human health, visibility, agriculture, and communication in various parts of the world. While substantial progress has been made in dust-event simulation and hazard mitigation over the last several decades, accurately forecasting the spatial and temporal variability of dust emi...

Knowledge of the feeding ecology of ungulates in arid biomes offers an interesting model for understanding the drought resistance of large desert-adapted herbivores, a crucial issue in the face of increasing desertification due to climate change. To assess the feeding ecology of the endangered Cuvier’s gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) in the Sahara desert...

CRISPR is a prominent bioengineering tool and the type V CRISPR-associated protein complex, Cas12a, is widely used in diagnostic platforms due to its innate ability to cleave DNA substrates. Here we demonstrate that Cas12a can also be programmed to directly detect RNA substrates without the need for reverse transcription or strand displacement. We...

Insecticides are utilized as key components in agriculture and public health tool-kits. Mosquitoes are targeted using out/indoor insecticide sprays and treated bed nets to reduce malaria. These practices are associated with increasing resistance in various species of mosquitoes, multiple insecticide use, environmental pollution, high cost and sprea...

The objective of the current work is to extract a new mucilage fraction from Astragalus gyzensis Bunge. seeds, which are collected from the El-Oued province (septentrional Algerian Sahara) and evaluated for their antidiabetic potential. The mucilage fraction is obtained using hot water extraction followed by alcoholic precipitation of polysaccharid...

Quinoa is an important Andean crop that can play a strategic role in the development of degraded lands in hot arid regions due to its high nutritional value, genetic diversity and its high adaptability to stressful environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance (growth development, grain yield and grain quality charact...

Surveys based on indirect signs and camera trapping are two non-invasive methods extensively used for monitoring elusive mammals. Both approaches can be useful to obtain key information on wildlife in remote areas, since they may allow for the logistically viable design of optimal field frameworks. The sand cat (Felis margarita) is a feline that in...

Understanding real uncertainties in projections is needed to support actions of decision and policy makers. In this study, two state-of-the-art regional climate models with ~25 km horizontal resolution forced with three different global climate models are employed to investigate the response of the West African Monsoon (WAM) system under the low (R...

Bird intake and damage to fruits of Phoenix dactylifera is a common problem in date palm cultivation regions. Though plant vegetative characteristics and fruit nutritional values influence frugivory behavior in passerines, there is little knowledge about these parameters for sparrows feeding on dates, as most previous studies have focused on the im...

Groundwater is vital for all living beings and the socio-economic development of arid regions. The present study evaluated the pertinence of groundwater of the continental intercalary (CI) aquifer in the Ouargla region for domestic and agricultural purposes. Sixteen (16) water samples were collected and analyzed for physical parameters, major catio...

President Sánchez’s letter will have no consequences other than to have further encouraged Morocco to try to consolidate the military occupation and to continue the repression of the Sahrawi population in their own land; to have forced the POLISARIO Front to intensify the war it renounced in 1991 (“weapons for ballot boxes”), and to which it has be...

Purpose: To better understand the barriers to accessing standard-of-care radiation therapy (RT) for breast and cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and their impact on outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was completed with a medical librarian. Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full text. Included publications were...

Early marriage in boys contrary to the happenings in Namberg in the Jirapa district concerning female children's early marriage due to religious practices came as a surprise finding. Available field data by Abotsi et al. (2018) revealed dropout rates were highest for youngsters between the ages of 6 and 10 than for those between 11 and 15, with 63....

Government revenue generation and expenditure priorities can be directed to achieving societal goal with the aim of achieving economic interest. The strength and weakness of fiscal policies instrument used in many sub Sahara African nations impound steady growth. However, we study the interaction of these two fiscal policy instrument, and if they i...

CRISPR is a prominent bioengineering tool and the type V CRISPR-associated protein complex, Cas12a, is widely used in diagnostic platforms due to its innate ability to cleave DNA substrates. Here we demonstrate that Cas12a can also be programmed to directly detect RNA substrates without the need for reverse transcription or strand displacement. We...

When established, bloomery iron smelting profoundly transformed farming communities that settled in Africa south of the Sahara. Sustained research in the Lowveld region of northern South Africa identified multifarious evidence of metal working dating to the Early Iron Age (Common Era 200-900). Not surprisingly, the region is celebrated in oral trad...

Anthropogenic aerosol emissions from North America and Europe have strong effects on the decadal variability of the West African monsoon (WAM). Anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing is model dependent, but the impact of such uncertainty on the simulation of long‐term WAM variability is unknown. We use an ensemble of simulations with Had...

An investigation into the only representative of the genus Papilio on the island of Lampedusa, the largest island of the Pelagian group, was conducted as part of a broader Mediterranean-wide study on the machaon complex. Over a three-year period, adults, larvae and ova were collected for further research during field visits, while an in-house breed...

The West African Monsoon (WAM) strongly drives precipitation variability and seasonality across continental West Africa and the tropical Eastern Atlantic. However, the evolution of the WAM in the late Cenozoic, in response to changes in vegetation, atmospheric CO , orbital forcings, paleogeography, and orography as well as its teleconnections such...

Reconstitute community values by promoting a school for everyone was a target for the Saharawis since the first moments of exile and their status as refugees after the occupation of Western Sahara in 1975. This chapter presents two training plans based on the introduction of photography and its narratives in the environment education and how to giv...

Background The global mortality rate of patients with MV is very high, despite a significant variation worldwide. Previous studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa among ICU patients focused on the pattern of admission and the incidence of mortality. However, the body of evidence on the clinical outcomes among patients with MV is still uncertain. O...

PURPOSE The present article aims to present the data of a Breast Cancer Team Short-Term Surgical Mission in Guinea-Bissau in the setting of the National Bissau Hospital, Hospital Nacional Simão Mendes, level A referral health structure. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with breast disease have been presented to our team for in loco consultation durin...

A variety of Prehistoric dry-stone monuments isare ubiquitous in Western Sahara, a region delimited by the boundaries of the former Spanish colony. With either burial or ritual functions, these monuments are spread throughout the Sahara Desert creating sacred landscapes and housing the memory of millennia of occupation. Previous research has explor...

Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax malaria is one of the major infectious diseases of public health concern in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania and the biggest urban setting in the Sahara. The assessment of the current trends in malaria epidemiology is primordial in understanding the dynamics of its transmission and developing an effect...

In this special issue on justice, ethics, and philosophy of religion, let us consider a historical case study. The trade of slaves across the Atlantic lasted 400 years and led to the forcible removal of about 12.5 million people from Africa, south of the Sahara. This paper examines the African slave trade in light of the notion that evil of whateve...

We report the draft genome sequences of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis strains MDMC82 and MDMC76, which were isolated from the sand dunes of the Merzouga desert in the Moroccan Sahara. These bacteria are able to tolerate the harsh environmental conditions of the Moroccan desert.

Depositions of trace elements of air particulates in the atmosphere have gained much attention in recent times due to their environmental, climatic and health impacts. In the current study, trace elements of size-segregated rural and urban particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 2.5−10) were characterized using particle-induced X-ray emission method. Eff...

ISSN 1062-3590, Biology Bulletin, 2022, Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 161–170. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2022. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2021, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2021, Vol. 100, No. 9, pp. 1055–1065. Migration Routes and Wintering Grounds of Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus, Cuculiformes, Cuculidae) from the Southeastern Part of the...

Plain Language Summary Mineral dust in the atmosphere is mostly sourced from arid regions like the Sahara desert. The amount and geographical spread of this dust in the atmosphere is sensitive to environmental conditions such as drought. Paleoclimate records show that rapid cooling events centered on the North Atlantic during the last ice‐age also...

In order to evaluate and project the quality of groundwater utilized for irrigation in the Sahara aquifer in Algeria, this research employed irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), artificial neural network (ANN) models, and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), alongside multivariate statistical analysis and a geographic information system (GIS),...

An inversion method has been developed in order to quantify the emission rate of certain aerosol pollution sources across a wide region in the Northern hemisphere, mainly in Europe and Western Asia. The data employed are the aerosol contribution factors (sources) deducted by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on a PM2.5 chemical composition datase...

Qu’est-ce-qui fait le substrat de notre diversité ? Est-ce la conséquence d’un déplacement qui a créé plusieurs ramifications entre les groupes ethniques ? Pourquoi doit-on considérer l’existence de cette diversité entre les Nuer, les Dinkas, les Peuls, les Bambaras, les Sereres, les Diolas , les Balantes, les Soninkés , les Bantu ,Khoisan , baoulé...

Proxy records have shown that the Mid-Holocene was a period of humid conditions across West Africa, with an enhanced West African Monsoon (WAM) and vegetated conditions in areas currently characterized by desert, often referred to as the Green Sahara. However, General Circulation Models regularly struggle with recreating this strengthened Mid-Holoc...

Bones offer a great amount of information on ancient populations regarding both their lifestyle habits and the influence of the living area. Bones are composed by an inorganic component, i.e., carbonated hydroxyapatite (Ca10[(PO4)6−x(CO3)x](OH)2), and an organic matrix (mainly proteins and collagen). After death, bones are subjected to diagenetic p...

The production of truffles depends on the interdependence of three main factors, the soil, the rainfall and the host plant. The areas where these factors accomplish their role are endowed with good productivity. The objective of this work is to contribute to the study of the production factors of Moroccan truffles. The study area concerns the four...

Sexual violence against migrants and refugees in Libya is commonplace – and in the Sahara desert, it is virtually unavoidable. It is used to subjugate and control refugees and migrants, to profit from them and induce payment of ransom, as well as opportunistically – just because they are there. The people interviewed for this chapter reported extre...

Eastern Sahara witnessed during its history several climatic changes from glacial ages to humid weather which attracted human and animal migrations from the Nile valley to settle in the desert. Now eastern Sahara is one of the most arid parts across the globe. The area of Selima Sandsheet and the Nubian desert in general is poorly studied, but rece...

Having been told that rains had fallen in late August, late September and mid-October 2022 over parts of the Moroccan Atlantic Sahara, we planned a mission to determine their impact on birds and their reproduction. From 23 November to 2 December 2022, we undertook a circuit covering nearly 2000 kilometres, half of which were on tracks, from Laâyoun...