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I am using SSR and cytochrome markers
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Hi
Send a message to my email.
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Dear all,
Considering that for diploid organisms, each microsatellite locus is represented by as much as 2 alleles, is would be possible that for species with huges genomes some microsatellites are repeated rendering more than 2 alleles?
Thanks beforehand.
Regards
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Are you thinking about multiple allelism?
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Good afternoon. Please tell me, are there molecular markers of zeina genes for the purpose of genotyping lines and varieties? There are Asid-PAGE and SDS-PAGE methods for studying the polymorphism of zein-coding loci in maize. But I have not yet been able to find molecular markers based on the PCR reaction (ISSSR, SSR, etc.)
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@Vladimir Vasipov as per your question regarding the zein genes in maize (corn), which are significant because they encode storage proteins in maize kernels, several studies have utilized molecular markers for genotyping. Below are some examples:
ISSR Markers:
  • Example Study: Maize Diversity Analysis Using ISSR Markers Reference: Reddy, M.P., Sarla, N., & Siddiq, E.A. (2002). "Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) polymorphism and its application in plant breeding." Euphytica, 128(1), 9-18. Application: This study used ISSR markers to analyze the genetic diversity in maize lines, including those with different zein gene profiles. SSR Markers:
  • Example Study 1: SSR markers associated with zein genes Reference: Senior, M.L., & Heun, M. (1993). "Mapping maize microsatellites and polymerase chain reaction confirmation of the targeted repeats using a CT primer." Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, 67, 56-62. Application: SSR markers were used to map regions in the maize genome, including those associated with zein genes.
  • Example Study 2: Genetic Diversity of Zein Genes using SSR Reference: Vigouroux, Y., Jaqueth, J.S., Matsuoka, Y., Smith, O.S., Beavis, W.D., Smith, J.S.C., & Doebley, J. (2002). "Rate and pattern of mutation at microsatellite loci in maize." Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19(8), 1251-1260. Application: This research utilized SSR markers to assess the mutation rate and diversity of microsatellite loci associated with zein genes in maize. I hope it helps you
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For phylogenetic analysis using SSRs, normally we don't use just one SSR, but a set of multiple SSRs to ensure accuracy. So how can we input these data into NTSYS? I know input for one SSR is as followed:
1 3 4 0
A B C D
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
Then how about multiple SSRs for the same samples (A, B, C, D)?
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Hello everyone,
I'm currently conducting genetic analyses using SSR markers, and I'm looking for software recommendations that support GLM (General Linear Model) and MLM (Mixed Linear Model) analyses with SSR markers. I've previously used TASSEL, but I understand it no longer supports SSR markers. Could anyone suggest alternative software or tools that I could use for my analysis? Any recommendations or insights would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance!
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In the SSR method, I used the same pair of primers (forward and reverse) in two different individuals, but I observed different band patterns in PCR.
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Bora Kaan Yılmaz Sorry, but you have not provided enough information to answer your question. These two individuals - are they from the same species, genotype, population, clonal group, and from the same round of DNA extraction? Your "different band patterns" - how are they different? Do they have a single band difference or all band were unique? Do you have a control genotype with known SSR profile? Do you know the expected SSR profile for your samples?
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Dear All
I am trying to amplify the SSR markers on genomic DNA of date palm but it always gives smeared, diffused and fuzzy bands in gel electrophoresis. I have standerdized them as much as the posible ways but still I am getting same result. Why such result is happening> I am attaching gel image herewith for reference. Please suggest.
Regards
Chet Ram, Ph.D.
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Hello
It is suggested:
Re-optimization of primers temperature
Using standard concentration of forward and reverse primers
Use hot-start PCR
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Hello Everyone.
Greetings:
I would like to ask about gene-marker software to study population genetic analysis. I will be highly thankful if someone who are using this software and working on population genetic analysis via SSR markers.
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Gene-Marker or Gene-Mapper Software
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In the context of cross-species amplification of SSR markers, is it possible for the number of alleles detected to be consistent with or equivalent to that observed in species-specific amplification? What factors influence the similarity or divergence in the number of alleles between cross-species and species-specific SSR marker amplification?
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Sarfraz Ahmed Unfortunately, you can get the answer for your question by experimental way only. It depends on species you cross, and on SSR loci chosen by you.
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My name is Huiyeon and I am using STRUCTURE 2.3.3 software for or Population structure analysis. But I have a problem.
I have genotype data scored as 0 and 1 for SSR marker in formats available on the NTSYSpc program.
First, I converted my Excel files into TxT file format (Tab delimited).
Next, I tried to import the file into a new project.
And I specified according to instruction and number of my sample is 105.
When I finish setting and want to proceed, error "Bad Format in Data Source: Expect 27 data entries at line 1" occurs, and clicking "OK", a window says "The data file is expected to have following format: 1 row with 24 entries(marker name)/1 rows with 27 entries (data)".
Though I turned back to the setting and modified Number of loci several times, almost the same error occurs.
How can I convert my genotype data file into STRUCTURE input data file for Population structure analysis?
Kindly advise.
Thank you.
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How to enter data for more than two alleles per locus in structure format? Please help
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Hello..
I identified SSRs using the web server MISA and now I want to asses whether they are single copy or multi copy loci.
I found that read mapping is an insilico method that can be used for this purpose.
I'm very new to this field and I highly appreciate any help on how to do read mapping for my task.
Thanks in advance..
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Thank you for reaching out about this genomics analysis challenge. Assessing copy number variation of SSR loci through read mapping is an excellent technique. Let me offer some guidance based on best practices:
First, align your sample reads against a reference genome using a tool like BWA-MEM. This creates a BAM file mapping each read. Then use software like SAMtools to identify reads mapping to your target SSR coordinates.
The read depth or coverage at an SSR locus indicates copy number. A consistent depth close to the genome-wide average implies a single copy locus. Significantly higher coverage suggests multiple copies. You can statistically compare depth distributions to identify outliers.
There are robust tools like CNVnator that can automate and streamline the analysis process for you. But manually inspecting alignments in a genome browser is also insightful for small-scale assessment.
Feel free to reach out if you need help interpreting results or finding suitable software. Optimizing these bioinformatic techniques does involve some initial learning. But you are pursuing a very fruitful approach to characterize your SSRs.
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I need a suggestion. I am working on molecular characterization by using an SSR marker. I have recorded data in 1, 0 in format. What will be the input file for association mapping?
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Thank you sir
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I would appreciate it very much if RG members could suggest any good and (preferably GPL) alternative to GeneMapper and Geneious software for microsatellite (SSR) analysis. Thanks.
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You can use Mapmaker too for the analysis
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We're performing genetic diversity studies using SSR and RAPD markers and we're done with the experiments, but we're finding it difficult to get this software for the data analysis.
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Dear Professor,
I think it is not available as open access. I can suggest another application if you, please reveal the purpose.
Thank You
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I am carrying out polymorphism studies using ssr markers and running them on 6% polyacrylamide gel using 1x tbe buffer. But I'm facing smearing type of bands and multiple bands in certain samples can anyone kindly answer why this problem is encountering
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I would run the gel at a lower voltage.The smiling bands could be caused by too much salt in the sample or by being run at too high a voltage. I agree with Michael J. Benedik that some of the samples are overloaded.
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How to calculate PIC value for SSR?
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I'm working with microsatellite (SSR) and get different allele sizes from the same primer.
The difference in alleles ranges from 1 - 4 bp. For example, in the first experiment I got alleles of 150 bp, 152 bp in the second, 150 bp in the third, and 154 bp in the fourth.
Is there any suitable software to analyze these different allele sizes so that a valid number is obtained which can be concluded from the different allele sizes?
Thank you
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thank you for your answer
I'm using a capillary electrophoresis machine and it seems the performance of each capillary matters.
Is it necessary to mix 1 DNA sample with a known fragment size in all samples to determine the accuracy of each capillary?
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We had a problem in the process of running DNA with SSR primer in 10% polyacrylamide gel and in our result, no clear DNA bands were formed. Do you have any suggest for us?
Thank you
information : Our SSR primer can't separate in 2% gel agarose because of the small size of different DNA (1-5 bp).
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Please, look at previous discussion: (4) Does non-denaturing/native DNA-PAGE need stacking gel? | ResearchGate
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I'm using SSR to analysis population genetic structure of P. aphanidermatum. Now i want to know  why we need AMOVA to analysis? what we can know from AMOVA result? Hope someone can help me. thank you. 
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Hello, I need to your article please send for me,thanks.
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Can anyone tell me if there is any free software to create dendrogram for SSR marker analysis?
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Please, visit this website
You can also use a combination of R software, figtree (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/) and or Megax (https://www.megasoftware.net/)
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Fellow researchers,
I am trying to carry out an experiment on thermoplasticity in heat treatment of Steel cylinders. I want to set up my own heat treatment apparatus. I came across a readily affordable DIY equipment on the internet and I am pretty convinced it will suffice my needs. It is the popular ZVS (Zero Volt Switching) driver. I bought one for me, which is described here https://www.banggood.com/1000W-20A-ZVS-Induction-Heating-Machine-Cooling-Fan-PCB-Copper-Tube-12-36V-p-1089662.html?rmmds=myorder&cur_warehouse=CN . In my experiment I have to control the heat supply according to temperature. When the temperature reaches a threshold then the device should turn off. When the temperature goes below this threshold then it should switch back on. At first I thought of doing this with an SSR (Solid State Relay) where I would control the on/off function to the ZVS driver from Arduino. In regards to using SSR I have the following two questions:
1. I found in a YouTube video that the workpiece should not be inserted in the coil before turning on the driver. I don’t exactly have the link to the video but he said the reason was to avoid cross conduction in MOSFETs. This is not a problem for the initial insertion. However, as I plan on using the relay with the workpiece still inside the coil I may not be able to take out the workpiece (already hot) in and out.
2. What could be an alternative technique to control the power to the ZVS driver?
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Did you get any feed back to your question. Could I have acces to the comments/answer you got? Thank you. Dr Daniel Cozak
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I have an SSR marker that shows what looks like one allele remaining fixed while the other allele is variable. I have run this marker in about 100 samples of dikaryotic (n+n) fungal spores and the pattern has held up so far.
The picture included below shows the pattern. I thought perhaps the larger product variants were stutter products, but the same three 'hills' are present with the rightmost being the highest peak and called by the software. And the peaks are very clear.
How is this explained?
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One more from the same breeders - variability of SSR increased when mobile genetic/transposable elements were inserted nearby. If you have tetraploid/amphyploid organism, TE could be incerted in one chromosome only and stimulate genetic diversity (in theory)
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I need to create a phylogenetic tree using the microsatellite data from the paper I attached below. Kindly advice me to how to start and software that can be used.
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Try TASSEL software to convert your SSR data to newick file using NJ or UPGMA and then use MEGA software to get your phylogenetic tree.
Best !!
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i am trying to do genetic diversity analysis (allele frequency, PIC, Nei genetic diversity and shanon information index etc..). in my data some locus have 1 alleles other have 2, 3 and 4 alleles per locus. when i used Genalex it analyze only Binary and data have locus with two alleles only.
Thank you all!
Best Regards,
Haftom
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please let me know if u solved the issue
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Dear statistic experts
I am developing a model to predict the behavior of around 30000 data. I use 2 different approaches to calculate the R2 and each one gives a completely different value.
The first approach: R2 = SSR/SST = 0.95
Whereas the second approach: R2=1-SSE/SST= 0.00
where SSR is Sum Square Regressions, SST is the Sum Squared Total, and SSE is Sum Squared Errors.
Any comment is highly appreciated.
Cheers,
Bahman
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Bahman Daneshian , said "Should I select many random selections and check the R2 for them?"
Do you mean repeat the same model with bootstrap samples to get things like intervals for your estimates? or do you mean check all subsets of X (and their interactions) and report all these results (a multiverse) or those which optimize something (which depending on research question it might be better to use something like the lasso)? I guess the question is what are you planning on using the R^2 estimate for?
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I have used 10 microlitre forward and 10 microlitre reverse sequence stock to make 100 microlitre working primer solution is that the reason for these kind of bands what is dimer ?
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Dear Narayana Ruthwek Mamillapalli it's part of the process for selection of suitable primers for your work. For those 2n species, the expected maximum number of bands are 2. As has been mentioned, adjusting conditions might drive to obtaining adequated PCR products. Otherwise, it's recomendable to remove those unespecific markers from set
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I have been doing diversity analysis of sugarcane crop using SSR markers can someone tell how to analyse the gel documentation photos and what is the need for diversity analysis using markers?
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For analysis of gel documentation photos, you can access the following:
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I have to study the genetic diversity among the germplasm of finger millet using SSR markers. But before SSR I want to check the banding pattern of isolated genomic DNA with one RAPD primer (10 bp long Tm 39C). But after running PCR ( 25 uL reaction primer conc. 2 uL , template 2 uL) I got a smeared pattern , there was no any clear band. So please can anyone suggest me the logic behind this and what to do next thing because it is very new for me working on molecular biology.
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Can you upload a gel picture, so that we can see the smearing?
I attach you a trouble shooting guide from ThermoFischer. It helped me a lot to improve my PCR.
Just a few recommendations:
* Your DNA quality is fine? What was the amount of your DNA you are using (ng/g)?
* How about your primer quality? I would lower a bit the primer concentration, for me the 2 uL seems to be a bit high.
* Too high level of Mg can also cause smearing.
* I agree with Alex Ignatov , changing the Ta could also help. Consider Touchdown PCR as well to enchance specifity.
* How many cycles did you use?
* Gel running conditions:
improperly prepared gel
if you used an old buffer, prepare a new one and change it, and also avoid too high voltage (100 or 110 V should be enough).
I hope I could give you some ideas.
Best regards,
Zsófia
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Recently, I have worked on genetic diversity analysis in mango genotypes using SSR markers. I can do it well as it is diploid. However, I have a question in my mind. If I worked on the triploid or tetraploid organism for genetic diversity analysis using SSR markers, how I count allele bands in gel image and make input files for GeneAlex, Darwin and other statistical software.?
If anybody worked with the triploid and more allelic organisms, please help me.
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don't get confused with ploidy level and multiple allele. traits exhibition depends on allelomorph of candidate gene not on its ploidy level.
solution for your confusion is go for binary coding (presence or absence) in Darwin.
ex. for scoring
sample Primer 1 Primer 2
210 220 250 310 320 350
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 1 1 1 0 1 1
similarly in case GenAlEx (based on band weightage)
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I am working on SSR markers.I have used Genodive software for analysis of tetraploid data. To check the genetic differentiation in 12 populations I applied AMOVA and the result file has attached. What conclusion I can make from this? Also does the sample size of a population would alter the result?
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Geethika .E most of the diversity is observed within individual followed by among individual. The %var could help you as well as the %ci2.5 and 97.5%. However, the pvalue is less < 0.001 I will suggest you check the gel scoring since this is tetraploid or use GeneAlex for cross-checking
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I want to analysis my SSR data for diversity study, I
NTSYS pc 2.02 software, any help? My email 2017201100@njau.edu.cn
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Hi dears,
Hope everyone doing best. Anyone has access to Excel Microsatellite Toolkit (Park, 2001).
I need it for analysis of SSR markers data.
Thanks, and Regards
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Hi,
I've never heard about this add in, for microsatellite analysis, such as matrix preparation, genetic indices and so on I use Genalex (https://biology-assets.anu.edu.au/GenAlEx/Welcome.html) which is an excel add in as well.
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I got my fragment analysis results of Microsatellite markers designed using haploid species. I am using a gene marker to analyze the peaks. I read that since it is haploid, i should see only one peak (means one allele per locus?). But i see many for types of markers ( di, tri , ...) . I want to select polymorphic markers and want to score them for population analysis.
Also, gene marker has the option only to analyze plant dinucleotide and plant fragments. So i am not sure what settings should i select for fungal species?
i would appreciate if someone could clear my doubts?
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Dear @Chiti Agarwal I refer your statement:
......since it is haploid, i should see only one peak (means one allele per locus?).
Is it true for all haploids? Haploids of polyploids have more than one allele per locus.
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I am using SSR marker data to construct phylogenetic tree through NTSYS, bt there is no option for boot strap.
Is there any option to add bootstrap in results obtained from NTSYS software..?
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try clustalw you can change boot strap
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For molecular aspects study
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Hi Aniruddha Deshmukh, you could try this:
Lee SB, Taylor JW (1990) Isolation of DNA from fungal mycelia and single spores. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DV, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (Eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, 282–287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50038-x
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I am working on SSR markers. I applied AMOVA and it showed 100% variation within a population and 0% variation among the populations. Is it possible to get this result? If not, what can be the possible reasons for this outcome?
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A population is described by gene and genotypic frequencies; however, the measure of variation within the population is the amount of heterozygosity at the given locus. If there is two distinct populations with quite different genetic antecedents and selection history, both will vary with respect to gene and genotypic frequencies and amount of heterozygosity at the given locus. Therefore, it is almost impossible to get zero percent variation between population.
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some SSR markers are giving fade bands irrespective of change in Tm, while in the same configuration other markers give good results.
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I can think of three reasons:
1) The primers may be inefficiently binding to the target site. This could be due due to SNPs or an improper annealing temp.
2) Do you know the sequence of the amplicon? If so, make sure it is not AT-rich. If it is, then lower extension to 65˚C
3) DNA quality is low. You may have inhibitors in your DNA. Try running a primer set that works as a positive control
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We have SSR marker (150) based genotypic data of 190 rice landraces. Want to prepare a research article. Which kind of analysis may be performed with these data? Kindly give your opinion and suggestions.
Regards
Parmeshwar
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hello,
Primarily we should get to know that for what purpose we are carrying out molecular studies and based on that analysis can be done. like,
  1. for genotypic characterization:- Basic genetic parameter analysis like hetertozygotes level, allelic frerquency, PIC value etc.,
  2. for genetic variability studies:- AMoVA
  3. for ancestry studies: - phylogenetic analysis OR dendrogram studies.
  4. for genetic distance studies:- PCA, Genetic distance matrices.
  5. for population studies: - STRUCTURE.
Stat tools:- ArleQin, GenAlEx, Molkiv, Power marker, NTSYS, STRUCTURE, MEGA and Darwin.
*If you are using genic SSRs-
  1. trait identification studies
  2. QTL analysis.
Stat Tools: - Windows QTL Cartographer, TASEL.
all the best
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STRUCTURE, DARWIN, NTsys software are frequently used for SSR diversity estimation, is there any package in R-studio that can also be used for the same
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I have to study the genetic diversity among the accessions of millets using SSR markers, so can I use the boiling lysis method for DNA extraction instead of CTAB.
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Anoop Singh This is a method that we used for 20 years. Sorry, there is no reference for it.
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What open-source softwares are available to generate a heat map of the Jaccard similarity coefficient for SSR diversity from the available data set?
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```r
nc <- ncol(dat)
out <- matrix(0, nrow = nc, ncol = nc, dimnames = list(colnames(dat), colnames(dat)))
Jaccard <- function(x, y) {
i_len <- length(intersect(x, y))
u_len <- length(union(x, y))
return(i_len/u_len)
}
for (i in seq_len(nc)) {
for (j in i:nc) {
out[i, j] <- Jaccard(dat[, i], dat[, j])
}
}
pheatmap::pheatmap(out)
```
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Which new/modern softwares are being used for SSR analysis ? i mean for genetic diversity, to estimate inbreeding or out breeding guess of population in plants
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All of what colleagues wrote from the programs are effective and good at parsing SSR
And I think the best modern software is STRUCTURE
Mega and Power Marker
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I am trying to find polymorphic SSR markers. I got a few markers that amplified my 8 fungal isolates with the same size of bands but for 1 or 2 samples there is no band. Could they be considered polymorphic markers?
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In case of SSR markers, if bands are not observed in the lanes then it is not amplified. In such cases, we can not consider it as polymorphism. Because SSR is based on length variation in sequence repeat so we can not say that there is absence of the repeat sequences. Also, SSR is not just based on the absence and presence of the alleles as we get in case of random markers (RAPD, ScoT, etc.). So check the DNA samples properly and repeat your PCR. I have also seen the quality of the gel prepared. It is not proper. You should increase the concentration of the gel. Try it on 3-4 percent agarose gel.
Best of luck.
Chet Ram
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I ran an agarose gel with 8 fungal isolates to check the polymorphism. I am not sure if I can consider the marker with the missing band as polymorphic?
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Maybe they are but it isn't well distinguished with agarose. Even with the fragment sequencer might be difficult. You should sequence it and see if it is posible to find a cut point.
and regarding the missing one... try again.
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I m working on probiotic bacterial isolates, is there any importance to using SSR to determine bacterial diversity, I need some relevant literature.
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you can see these articles
Song H, Hwang J, Myung J, Seo H, Yi H, Sim HS, Kim BS, Nierman WC, Kim HS. Simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based gene diversity in Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. Mol Cells. 2009 Feb 28;27(2):237-41. doi: 10.1007/s10059-009-0029-8. Epub 2009 Feb 20. PMID: 19277507.
Hammami, Rifka, et al. “Genetic Diversity of SSR and ISSR Markers in Wild Populations of Brachypodium Distachyon and Its Close Relatives B. Stacei and B. Hybridum (Poaceae).” Plant Systematics and Evolution, vol. 300, no. 9, Springer, 2014, pp. 2029–40, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43498360.
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I am trying to select microsatellite markers from the database for assessing genetic diversity and DNA fingerprinting for germplasm. The database has consisted of Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Penta- and Hexa-repeats along with the compound type of repeats. So what type of repeats are more potent as utilize in molecular analysis of germplasm. Whether I should choose perfect SSR markers or compound (imperfect) type or both? Kindly suggest to select the SSR markers.
Thank you
Regards
Chet Ram
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Di- Repeats can be ignored and from tri nucleotide repeat onward should be used for the germplasm evaluation.
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I just want to know whether we can utilize the DNA barcoding approach to check genetic variation among species, eg: Sorghum bicolor
I am planning to use SSR markers to check the variability among the population, apart from that I would like to conduct phylogenetic analysis with DNA barcoding. Would it be possible? Has anybody conducted both approaches?
Your valuable comments are highly appreciated.
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Hello Malitha,
you can check this article. They used SSRs for genetic diversity analysis. After that they selected 5 polymorphic SSRs for barcoding and for QR-code generation of the sertain cultivars of tea plant (go to page 11 to se the figure there).
Good luck!
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Just to learn the procedure (if possible) and to prepare the GD and GM data files. If anyone done GWAS in GAPIT using SSR marker data, please share (or help me to prepare) GD and GM files.
Thanks.
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Thanks everybody for sharing valuable ideas, articles and links.
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I am trying to determine the usefulness of the marker shown in the attached photo. You will see that in one sample there appears to be 3 alleles (this is a diploid, or more precisely a dikayotic spore). I have seen this in other samples too and have eliminated the possibility that it is DNA contamination by looking at other markers that don't show this pattern.
I have already gone through the step of Pig-tailed reverse primer (these are the results for this) and a longer final extension in the PCR (30 minutes) to try to eliminate stutter on the 'rooster comb' peaks you see. Any other suggestion, or just don't use this marker?
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Hi Vick, I wouldn't worry about that if I was you. Amy gave you some interesting tips and you can go ahead if you want to, but I think this one you are seeing is just a technical artifact. Some florescence reading chambers, as those from ABI3500, are too sentitive to florescence signals in fragment runs and some times very strong signals extrapolate the notation of one length wave to another. Therefore, we usually see a reading from, let's say NED- fluorescence at the exactly same location in the FAM or HEX (standard ABI chemicals).
If you are loking at a multiple samples view, they seem real peaks, but if you see that at multiple flourecence view (all length waves from the same individuals) you will probably find out that your individual has coincident peaks in multiple florescences at the same time. It should be hugely high at the original flourecence but smaller than the actual ones at the others.
If you did a single-flourescence run, it is also possible to be a neighbor signal noise noted to another sample.
I've seeing that a hundred of times with different samples and different organisms and repeating PCR with different flourecence or getting less florescence at the run make the strange peaks gone. You might also test it by diluting your pcr product a bit more before the run.
Try to check this out before doing more tests. If you still getting such a peak then you can think about other possibilities. If you have any questions about specificities, feel free to message me.
Hope it might be helpful.
Best
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To take a barcoding approach I need to amplify rbcL/matK/ITS of Sterculia villosa and some other members of Sterculiaceae (Chronquist, 1981). How should I select a suitable primer for a particular plant for proper amplifiation? Please suggest? Also if I want to test genetic diversity using ISSR, SSR or RAPD, what are the things I should do to select a marker? Thanks in advance.
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Whatever the primers you mentioned (rbcL/matK/ITS) are universal and you can use any plant species.
First you need to isolate DNA, check, quantify, take one are two samples and try amplification. Once you see good amplification amplify all your samples. Then analyse, make 0,1 data sheet, you have variety of softwares NTSys PC etc. to creat phylogenetic trees.
The following "Ethnobotanical Study of Plants used for construction, handicrafts and fiber in Southern Shan State, Myanmar" is in press and one seq. is available in NCBI
Good Luck!!
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Large germplasm collections may have several duplicates which need to be removed from the set. DUS characterization based on morphological traits are the best way to differentiate them. But it is very tough to DUS characters in large germplasm lines. Is there any method in molecular breeding to identify the duplicates in huge germplasm collections of rice? Kindly give your opinion and suggestions.
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You could use SNP, PCR, molecular markers, and other molecular methods to differentiate the DUS Characteristics in large germplasm lines.
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I have made detection for microsatellite SSR markers in patient with plasmodium...
for statistical analysis, I have used genalex 6.5 ...
I still need to make confirmation with another software...
can anyone help me within this point?
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Arlequin and GenePop are a good softwares.
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As SSR are most widely used markers in major cereals. They are highly reliable (i.e. reproducible), co-dominant in inheritance, relatively simple and cheap to use and generally highly polymorphic. What other factors can affect polymorphism in case of SSR markers?
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The polymorphism at DNA level depends on several factors of which genetic divergence of the parents or the genotypes under study is one of the most important one. Secondly, as very rightly mentioned by Ricardo Julian Licea-Moreno sir, it requires detailed information about the genotypes and the markers you are using because it is possible that many of those markers may belong to the same region of a specific chromosome.
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I have SSR data for 32 genotypes. In some case getting more no of allele for the markers. even hetro also coming . Now How to create input file for these in Darwin software.
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The following is the illustration on input file format for multiple alleles for microsatellite(SSR) loci in diploids :
SSR1A SSR1B SSR1C SSR2A SSR2B........... so on
Genotype-1 1 0 0 0 1
Genotype-2 1 0 1 1 1
.
.
.
So on
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I have previously designed primers and now I have done SSR mining and primer designing. So I want to check if the newly designed primers have the old same primers in the excel file.
I have both the query and subject in excel files.
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If you insist on using excel for this jobb.... What is the hurdle? Just do "find" with your sequence.
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Hi, I need suggestion, I am working on association mapping of 220 genotypes. I used SSR primers. Kindly tell me how I recorded Data like 1 or 0 in excel sheet. if any dummy file is available please share for guideline.
than you
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i think you got the answer dear dr sb
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Is this use molecular weight or binary data for this software. I was using molecular weight and got error 32.
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Thank you Dr Mukta for reply, although I am using band weight data.Thanks Dr Saleh Alkarim for this link it's very useful for my question.
Best regard.
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If we want to study the population genetics/population structure of 30 genotypes by employing SSR markers. How we have to prepare input data file of SSR markers data to analyse in POPGENE Software.
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Required one,
1. you have to mention No. of Population, and No. of Loci (primers)
2. you have maintain primer scoring in diploid state.
3. use specific input Language to maintain specificity
* for your reference i am attaching screen shot go through that. Good Luck.
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Hi researchers!
I extracted DNA from Cocoa leaves and amplified some fragments (SSRs markers), the thing is I get those bands! (attached image), and don't have a defined band. I'm using a new TBE 1X with the gel, running with TBE 1X buffer, 3% Agarose gel, and running it 60V/150 min. But I can't get defined bands!
Maybe it's because of the thermal PCR program? should I use a TouchDown PCR or something? any idea to get defined bands would be Helpful! Thank you!
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This kind of result is often caused by removing the comb from the gel before full setting of the gel has occurred but in your case the size standard (ladder) is running cleanly so the misshaped bands may be caused by either too much salt or too much glycerol in the loading buffer. Try running less dna ( about half) and use less loading dye and make sure the sample and dye are well mixed before loading the samples
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I need to genotype an association panel using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci. As expected number of alleles in the panel cannot be predicted unlike in the case of segregating populations derived from bi-parental crosses; kindly suggest to me as to which is the better method for resolving the size-based SSR alleles? Metaphor agarose gel electrophoresis OR Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)?
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Dear Kumaraswamy, in case you still need some sharing.
In my lab., We prefer to use SDS PAGE to resolve the allele diversity for the SSR panels. We use an old version of manual sequencing gel and stain the gel with silver nitrate staining system.
We have tried the agarose system, but sometimes are unable to obtain the expected resolution and the allele diversity is also under estimated compare to using the SDS PAGE.
SDS PAGE work well under our conditions. Depending on the pcr products, we usually are able to resolve most of the alleles for the evaluated ssr loci.
Some notes to be considered:
1) run preliminary sizing for the size ranges of pcr products of all ssr primer pairs,
2) for each gel plate, we run products of two primer pairs having enough size differences and lay the sample in such a way as well 1 is sample 1 with primer 1 and well 2 is sample 1 with primer 2, and so on. This sample lay out is to prevent possible leak from one column to the other of the same sample-primer combination. We usually run 50 samples (25+25) and two DNA markers per plate,
3) Make sure that the samples are loaded as single strand dna, after boiling up to 94 C, to obtain clear allele patterns. Complex allele patterns are probably because of the presence of a mixture of double strand and single strand molecules among the pcr product evaluated,
4) if your samples are more than 25 individuals per primer and you need to run more than one plate per primers, always take some samples from previous plates and use them as internal allele sizing for the additional plates. It will help to resolve allele identity among different plates for the same ssr primers.
Finally, all of the suggestions actually come around to your lab support. Do your lab have only horizontal agarose gel, or manual sequencing for SDS PAGE, or automatic sequencer ABI PRISM. Moreover, each approach you decide to use, will cost you differently. Therefore, you should use what is available in your lab and appropriate with the available budget.
In our case, SDS PAGE and manual sequencing apparatus plus Silver staining suit us well and fit with our budget. We have routinely used it to resolve many SSR works in our lab.
Good luck.
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Dear friends,
Please explain how to find allele frequencies for the case of obtaining multiple bands for SSR markers and how to do scoring for the multiple bands? or Shall I exclude the results of a SSR marker that gives multiple bands in scoring for data analysis?
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@akoijam,
Multiple bands in a collection of genotypes is absolutely possible. It depends on variation in addition or deletion of SSR motifs for different genotypes in collection. Multiple bands in SSR profile implies amplification of different size of ssr from different genotypes, and not many amplicon in single genotype.
Multiple bands in the one genotype can be because of heterozygous SSR. However in case of crop like rice maximum number of bands should be two only for SSR. I am not sure whether marker will be acceptable but getting three bands in single genotype, after perfectly standardizing pcr condtions, is possible when you are studying a collection of genotypically distinct collection.
For scoring such multiple bands we need to tag and score each band in 0 and 1 form for absence and presence respectively.
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Hi all,
I'm looking for pieces of software that could compute Maximum Likelihood and Parsimony on mixed-ploidy SSR data (2n though 6n). I can devise sequences, but the crucial points are (1) handling more than 1n data; (2) ability to assess phylogeny among the mixed-ploidy dataset. Thank you for your suggestions!
-Marcin
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Dear Marcin
This answer does not address your question exactly. But perhaps you can find some more guidance by looking at the links
Hope this helps
Pablo
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GenAlex SSR data input file
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Multi-locus PCR products are usually for SSR primers.
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I am studying the SSR genetic variation in a diploid fungus. For one fungal isolate I have got 5 repeats of a di-motif SSR marker in one chromosome. However, the other chromosome in the pair shows an allele size with zero repeats for the locus. Is this absence of a SSR locus possible? I could not find any research evidence to prove it.
If anyone has got any explanation or evidence to prove this please do share.
Thank you.
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For some reasons, the 'repeat' region (SSR locus) was deleted ("homologous recombination" or other means [1]) in one chromosome? By the way, how did you detect that one chromosome of the pair has repeats and the other one doesn't (you have 2 bands at the region?)?
[1] "Repeat polymorphisms usually result from the addition or deletion of the entire repeat units or motifs"(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004837/)
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I have identified SSR from some function gene sequence. Further I have done blast N to check sequence similarity which give 90 % query coverage but the part of sequence containing SSR is not lie in alignment with other sequence found in blast analysis. In that case how to proceed for PCR .
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Coverage and identity depend on target sequences. target sequence might be homolog gene. Thus, You do not expect 100% coverage. Also if the target sequence is EST, ESTs are not complete sequences. You do not worry about blast results. Just design PCR primers and perform PCR. maybe later on you can sequence the PCR fragment for verification.
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Hi,
any one please guide me; SSR primers are species specific or trait specific. i have few primer which was reported in articles for wheat yield can i use these similar primer for lentil yield or other yield related traits.
Thank you
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Hi Syed,
SSRs divides into two classes:
1. expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSRs and
2. genomic SSRs (gSSRs)
ESTs are more reliable.
I did a long time ago EST-SSR. Now not on track. However, it's ideal to have species-specific SSR markers.
Poaceae and Leguminosae are not genetically related, so not sure if you can go for SSR. I presume if it's from the same genus, there'd be more chances.
Check the below protocols. and worth checking with a molecular breeder if they have done this kind of work before.
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How to find SSR markers associated with hair loss in cotton?
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You have perform marker associated studies. TASSEL software can be used.
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I have data from SSR markers that have 2-10 bands each. I was able to run analysis wherein the program consider each band as single loci. The program gave me the following data (as in attached photo):
Band Frequency, Estimated Allele Frequency (p & q), Samples Size, No. Alleles, No. Effective Alleles, Information Index, Expected and Unbiased Expected Heterozygosity
for each band within an SSR marker. Will taking the average of the resulting value of each bands per SSR marker will give me the value of that SSR Marker? If not, may I ask what set of useful data for multi-locus binary data I can obtain in GenAlEx aside from the AMOVA?
Thank you!
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Precious Guevarra Have you any success in this analysis?
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Each time this SSR primer show band like that other show one or two band . Is it polymorphic ?
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Dear Bhairav,
sure it doesn't look like a standard miscrosatellite gel. But it's not about the polymorphism here (it is obvious - banding patterns are different among accessions). It's about that you've somehow amplified multilocus fragmets.This looks more like an ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats) banding pattern. You shoud check your primers. If they contain a miscrosatellite core sequence, then the products are ISSRs and they have to be analyzed as dominant multilocus markers.
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I have a set of SSR, SNPs, DArT markers of wheat pre-harvest sprouting resistance of about 300 in number and I wish to check their sequences, get their positions and integrate them.
Secondly, I will use the above to determine major stable loci for PHS-R by rich cluster, identify candidate genes in each QTL rich clusters and predict according to gene annotation of wheat reference genome and previous information of validated genes.
Please my major issue now i want to get the sequences of each marker how can i do that please?
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Hello!
The wheat genome browser at URGI (https://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/jbrowseiwgsc/gmod_jbrowse/) has integrated the position of SNPs, SSR and DArT markers, you can check the tracks and see if the desired markers are available. Also you can just search the markers by name and see if it is located in the genome. I think is a useful tool because you find the position of many markers... This option is in the version RefSeq1, but i guess in RefSeq2 should be too. But for accessing this version you should make an account.
I hope this helps and that is clear enough??!?
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How to identify SSR markers associated with quality and quantity characters in cotton?
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Just in case other people come to this thread, Sharofiddin Abdukarimov is looking for SSR markers associate with cotton hair loss (found from his another question). <see attachment>
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Hi everybody,
I am just wondering - would anybody care to share their experience with using an AATI fragment analyzer for microsatellites (especially the binucleotide type)? Did you achieve the advertized 2 bp resolution (with which kit)? Are you worried to "miss" alles varying by only 2 (or 3, if trinucs) bp? From you experience, would you recommend it to replace, say an ABI CEQ 8000 capillary sequencer?
Best regards,
Klaus
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Dear Muhammad,
thank you for your answer. But, there seems to be a misunderstanding here. You said that you used a fragment analyzer for SSR analysis. But, the paper you cite is not using that method (nor are you mentioned as an author). Has there been some mix-up?
Best wishes,
Klaus
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I have SSR and SNP data and I am looking for a free software to construct a genetic map for each of these data
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Map chart and Map maker softwares are free.
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I have added the controls and want to analyse the sub synchronous effect in DFIG with increase and decrease of wind speed. Please help if anyone has an idea, its urgent
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Dear Keerthi
you can easily add a noise generator block to the input (this block is available in power factory library ). The output definitely has the dynamics of DFIG, if Sub-Synchronous modes have been excited (and clearly be observable) properly.
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Nanodrop result of my DNA samples extracted from fresh finger millet leaves showed 260/280 ratio ranged from 1.7-2.2 whereas 260/230 ratio ranged from 1.1-2.2. How can I assess the quality of such DNA samples? Are all these samples good enough for SSR work?
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Your DNA has good quality, Krishna. If you want to check qualitatively, you can run the samples in % agarose gel electrophoresis, if there is no smearing under the bands that means your DNA is not degraded. You can also run a Lambda DNA in one of the lanes to serve as your control. All you need to then is to dilute them accordingly (50ng/ul) for your PCR reactions.