Rural Areas - Science topic

The question is pretty self explanatory, but I am looking especially for female labor force participation, where the focus has been on rural areas? especially in Asian and African countries.

I have been tasked with creating a policy brief for my development economics course, so would really appreciate any such information on existing policy briefs or ones implemented in the past too.

TIA

Nigeria urban population has grown from 20% of the total in 1920 to 65% in 2020 and is projected to continue growing to 75% by 2050. While the rural population is expected to decline in 2050, the urban population is expected to increase from the current 155 million in 2020 to 180 million by 2050.[4] This upward trend of urbanization is expected to continue in both more developed regions and less developed regions.

Are people happier living in the rural area or in a Urban area? The urban/rural gap is present regardless of country income level (based on World Bank classifications). Individuals living in cities are more likely to report access to financial resources, the ability to afford food, and having people they can rely on. people living in rural areas are less likely to report that they have a bank account than those in Urban areas. This is most pronounced in low-income states. Lack of access to bank accounts can substantially affect peoples' lives.

To calculate the UHI, is it better to delimit only the urban area (work with that built up area) or should I work with a larger section that includes the urban area and also the rural areas? I ask because when doing the calculation it gives me different results according to the cut I make and it causes me confusion.

Urban area up to 6 degrees difference

Urban and rural area up to 3 degrees throughout the image

Thanks!

Can I please have questionnaire for my study. It is a quantitative study

In his attempt to modify the limitation of the Perroux growth model, R.P. Mishra developed a hybrid theory (model) combining the concept of Christaller’s CPT, Friedman's concept of Core-Periphery, and Hagerstrand’s Spatial Diffusion Model. My concern is which country (region or locality) in the world successfully implemented this theory (or a variant of it) to operationalize the needs of the people of the predominantly rural countries such as Ethiopia or India (rural people)? How was it made functional? Had there been related policy instruments? Had there been programs or projects? Any pertinent document to support such operationalization?

Public services have transformed by digitalization for easy access to the mass people, particularly in the rural area.

I'm looking for any smart villages aplications in your country. I'm interested in examples that involve the enviroment, agricultural, society and technology. I would be grateful for any input.

I am looking for examples of interesting SMART solutions in rural areas - for instance, vending machines, direct sales, self-service shops, etc. Please send me examples - along with short descriptions and pictures - of any interesting SMART solutions you may have come across.

What should be the multidimensional nature of EV charging station in urban and rural areas?

Indian scientists have developed a candidate vaccine against the coronavirus disease that remains active after long-term storage at room temperature, raising hopes for novel vaccines that would not need low-temperature cold chain demanded by most vaccines.Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and collaborators in Faridabad and Thiruvananthapuram have designed a protein-based vaccine candidate formulation that they say looks promising and remains active at 37°C for over four weeks.Cold storage temperature for routine immunisation vaccines is typically 2 to 8°C and can be much lower for some vaccines.Their vaccine candidate uses a small fragment of the so-called spike surface protein of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, to stimulate the immune system into making neutralising antibodies against the virus. In studies in guinea pigs, the vaccine generated antibody levels comparable to those observed from several other vaccine candidates currently under clinical trials worldwide.Almost all vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 under development need refrigeration or are in a frozen state before they are administered. Public health experts view the need for a low-temperature supply chain as a major challenge for vaccine delivery, particularly in the rural areas of low and middle-income countries.“The protein fragment we’ve used in our candidate vaccine elicits antibodies and it is stable at room temperature,” Raghavan Varadarajan, a senior scientist at the IISc molecular biophysics unit who led the research, told The Telegraph.The stability at 37°C for at least four weeks would be a major advantage in efforts to distribute a vaccine in rural areas that lack low-temperature storage facilities. Varadarajan and his colleagues published their findings in the Journal of Biological Chemistry on Thursday.The scientists have sought funding from the Indian government for downstream development — more exhaustive pre-clinical studies in animals and toxicity studies that are critical prerequisites ahead of human clinical trials.For the animal studies, the IISc group partnered with a Bangalore-based start-up Mynvax. The other collaborators are based at the Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research in Thiruvananthapuram and the Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad.The researchers say the timeline for further development would hinge on funding. Accelerated pre-clinical and toxicity studies can typically take two to three months. The speed of efforts to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has been unprecedented. The very first vaccine candidate emerged only about two months after scientists had published the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence.Three other vaccine candidates are already under clinical

trials in India — an inactivated vaccine from the Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech,a DNA

vaccine from Ahmedabad-based Zydus Cadila and an adenovirus-based vaccine developed by

Oxford researchers.

On this background matrix, the present proposal aims to develop COVID vaccine at room

temperature considering three primary seasons of the state premonsoon (average temperature

380C), monsoon (average temperature 350C) and postmonsoon (average temperature 280C).

The ambient atmosphere also varies in terms of composition as recorded by scientists of

Techno India University, West Bengal.

Gender Gap in rural area.

One stop service center is one of the initiative for public service delivery decentralization.

need to know how they are related in this case.

Grab seems like it's an important player in the digital scene in Southeast Asia. But what impact does it have in rural space? I'm looking for papers or personal insights.

Would you please let me know how many tourists visits rural areas both in developing countries and developed countries? I could not find any literature on it.

Hi all, I'm looking for any studies using Co-Design, Participatory Design, or Design Thinking specifically in developing countries. Of specific interest are technology-based projects and the uptake of technology in developing countries especially rural regions.

If you have come across any, or were involved in any, please let me know Many thanks in advance P.J.

Although online education is a good alternative to the face-to-face education system in critical situations such as the current situation, but due to the sudden occurrence and rapid spread of the disease, many countries have not been able to adapt their education. As various studies have shown, although there have been examples of plans for distance learning and online learning in many countries during the epidemic, most have been limited in scope and size. Is not a global crisis. As with the Covid-19 epidemic, countries with limited technology faced limitations in their schools to fully implement online education and failed to do so (Sintema et al., 2020). An important part of the schools that suffered serious damage in this way was related to rural schools and multi-grade classrooms. The students of these schools lacked the least experience of online education in the past and suddenly faced a phenomenon that was frightening for many of them. The fact is that in times of crisis, education will not be normal and technology alone cannot fill the gap created in learning. Especially in places such as rural areas where students face many restrictions on access to the same technologies (David et al., 2020). Teaching is moving online on an unprecedented scale. The important thing is that these events will not be just a short-term issue. Rather, it can have long-term consequences for affected groups and, most importantly, rural students who lack the facilities to access online education and are likely to increase inequalities (Burgess et al., 2020).

Most of the surveys on the KAP towards COVID-19 were conducted online yet people in rural areas hardly have smartphones to participate in these studies unlike their counterparts in urban areas. This meant that most of the data collected were from urban and literate dwellers. Don't you think that this leaves a knowledge gap on the KAP towards COVID-19 among people living in rural areas and illiterates thus a factor attributing to the steady spread of COVID-19 in Africa?

I want to do work in this topic if anyone have any articles/books related to this topic cross-caste and caste boundaries marriage in rural areas In Pakistan.

Family planning is an issue of couple and women should take the fertility decision to get their desired outcomes according to ICPD, 1994. Unluckily, it's not maintained in rural areas of Indian subcontinent where majority of people live. Men don't want to use contraceptive but in fertility decision they get the priority. Women are in silence to avoid familial disharmony in male dominant culture.

Looking for a specifications for unpaved road

My application requires people that i will visit to discuss my project. my project is about maternal and child health outcomes reduction through preconception care. please if interested on my project, please list your contacts and your organization to find you once i reach USA and our sponsors will contact you before. i want 10 people one should be from rural areas. Thank you for your support. i am waiting you soon

Do you think that offering a complementary tourist offer (for example: cultural activities, routes through the natural environment, ...) is the solution to increase overnight stays in rural areas?

Historically, the American federalism has centralized. However, the public agenda has zigzagged from centralization to decentralization creating political changes. But, what about rural America?

As we know most of institutions are trying to promote e-classes or e- learning through different tools and softwares. I know it is not so difficult task for private institutions and field like management, IT, Computer etc. But in agriculture stream, most of students r from rural areas where proper network of 2G is not available. They face connectivity issue. So, what is your opinion and possible suggestions? What could be alternatives?

All are busy with morbidity and mortality focusing only testing and treatment of COVID-19.

Community awareness is still neglected in South Asian countries like India, Bangladesh etc. and the problem is more deeply rooted in rural areas. Although rural people were in panic in the initial stage but they are becoming more reluctant day by day to maintain the health guidelines.

Crisis in ensuring healthy practices is actually chronic problem across the world.

In that the CORONA situation the every wear the lack of health workers and health team members and instruments supply so its better way to instruct basic things to our students ( With all sefty precautions)those live in the Rural areas and Urban areas also and they helping the society as good advertiser, as a social and help to minimize the Anxiety related to CORONA virus infection.

Ground Water Pollution Nitrate Anthropogenic activity

Prosopis juliflora is the predominant invasive species of countries like India and other countries. I have a great interest to know about this species but unfortunately, I didn't get the right clear knowledge about it. The most important aspect of my point of view is whether this good or harmful? because there are two views about this species. In some areas, this plant mainly helps and supports the livelihood of poor communities, especially in rural areas but others believe this is harmful to the environment and most importantly this plant is the main reason for the drought. I request all scientific community, particularly those who are experts or interested persons in this above field, please give your valuable comments and opinions about it.

If any institution or professor is interest to conduct research about this topic I will be interested to part of your research.

Migration of People from urban to rural area is responsible for spread of COVID 19 in Rural Area?

In Bangladesh, affected cases in the urban region are higher than in rural areas. Are there any research findings of the COVID 19 affected rate in the village and urban regions? What should be the research-based explanation

Women of South Asian countries are mostly domestically bound since their childhood. Early marriage and adolescent pregnancy are endemic in rural areas. Even they believe that if they are empowered then domestic violence will be increased. Who will break their chain?

social network model is used mainly to study language maintenance and shift. thus i understand there must be a bilingual society or cases like immigrants and so on. in my case is it okay to study this model in a monolingual society to find the influence of social ties on a sociolinguistic practice between two ares identified in the question. thanks a lot

People especially in rural areas do not take this pandemic seriously and they are not ready to change their lifestyles.

i have collected data from rural area of uttar pradesh(4 districts) for personal computer purchase intention. what kind of sampling it will be?

How is the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the rural farming communities in different regions/countries. You could share your experiences, suggestions, ideas, opinions etc. which may be useful for understanding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on marginal, small and medium farming communities.

Dear all,

Do you know food, human geography or rural development journals that accept short papers (below 4,000 words)? Thank you, Best!

What future for industrial districts? We will discuss it at ERSA2020 in Bozen next August. Would you like to participate with a presentation? Submit an abstract! Here all information about the conference https://ersa.eventsair.com/60…/call-for-abstracts-and-papers #districts #industry4.0 #economicdevelopment #clusters #industry #industrialdevelopment #localdevelopment #papers #specialsession #urbanrurallinkages #sustainabledevelopment #paper #research #economics

What future for industrial districts? We will discuss it at ERSA2020 in Bozen next August. Would you like to participate with a presentation? Submit an abstract! Here all information about the conference https://ersa.eventsair.com/60…/call-for-abstracts-and-papers #districts #industry4.0 #economicdevelopment #clusters #industry #industrialdevelopment #localdevelopment #papers #specialsession #urbanrurallinkages #sustainabledevelopment #paper #research #economics

Dear all,

I am Valentina Cattivelli, a senior researcher at Eurac Research (Bolzano, IT) and I am a guest editor at Sustainability (IF 2.5).

With this, I would like to invite you to submit a paper within a special issue "Social farming for Social innovation and viability in rural areas". This special issue will contribute to the current debate on the green care movement, presenting some innovative solutions and business models to apply social farming as an innovative diversification strategy. The Issue will focus on the impact that social farming activities directly or indirectly have on the social-ecological transformation when fostering environmental knowledge building as well as well-being in and with nature. At the same time, it will evidence how social farming strengthens social capital in rural areas through the dissemination of culture and traditions in agriculture, the provision of social services, and the integration of people at risk of isolation. Additionally, the Issue will present applicable governance and legal framework strategies from their countries that provide legal certainty, regulate the quality of services, and ensure financial viability. Finally, it will investigate how social farming contributes to shifting agricultural activities from purely primary production towards service delivery. This extension of multifunctional farming enables new income opportunities to avoid farm abandonment and to counteract the typical phenomenon of de-growth, which rural areas are dealing with: demographic and agro-structural changes, brain drain, unemployment, vacant houses, or lacking services of general interest. If interested, please get in touch with me.

There is the opportunity to have a reduced fee (under certain conditions).

For additional information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability/special_issues/Social_Farming_Social_Innovation

Thank you

Best regards

#socialfarming #socialagriculture #social #sustainability #research #socialinnovation #urbangardens #innovation #callforpaper #papers #italy #europe #agriculture #regionalstudies

It is essential to improve the technology used for water supply, which allows efficient use of this resource and, at the same time, is environmentally friendly. So, what alternatives are being implemented in the world to improve these conditions, what could be the alternatives that exist or can be implemented?

We are starting a project studying public and local perception of a large predator in rural areas, with some human-wildlife conflict involved.

We want to know if this perception has changed over years of science extension and talks with locals, comparing perceptions of people living in areas where we have already been studying this species with other areas where we have not been yet, to see whether our work has been useful in the end.

Although I understand that any research on this issue is very unique by itself (in terms of study species, current conservation status or country, to name a few), I would appreciate any advice on literature, statistical analyses and survey examples or models, to start shaping it.

Thank you very much in advance!

Diego

People in deep rural areas are very isolated and clueless about the approaching Fourth Industrial revolution, What can we as academic leaders do to ensure that they are accommodated in terms of educating and preparing them for the coming technological era.

Dear all, I am Valentina Cattivelli and I am a guest editor at Sustainability (IF 2.5). With this, I would like to invite you to submit a paper within a special issue "Social farming for Social innovation and viability in rural areas". This special issue will contribute to the current debate on the green care movement, presenting some innovative solutions and business models to apply social farming as an innovative diversification strategy. The Issue will focus on the impact that social farming activities directly or indirectly have on the social-ecological transformation when fostering environmental knowledge building as well as well-being in and with nature. At the same time, it will evidence how social farming strengthens social capital in rural areas through the dissemination of culture and traditions in agriculture, the provision of social services, and the integration of people at risk of isolation. Additionally, the Issue will present applicable governance and legal framework strategies from their countries that provide legal certainty, regulate the quality of services, and ensure financial viability. Finally, it will investigate how social farming contributes to shifting agricultural activities from purely primary production towards service delivery. This extension of multifunctional farming enables new income opportunities to avoid farm abandonment and to counteract the typical phenomenon of de-growth, which rural areas are dealing with: demographic and agro-structural changes, brain drain, unemployment, vacant houses, or lacking services of general interest. If interested, please get in touch with me. There is the opportunity to have a reduced fee (under certain conditions). For additional information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability/special_issues/Social_Farming_Social_Innovation Thank you Best regards #socialfarming #socialagriculture #social #sustainability #research #socialinnovation #urbangardens #innovation #callforpaper #papers #italy #europe #agriculture

Hello.

I am a student from south Italy, coming from a small village. I am currently trying to write my master thesis in Smart Cities.

I want to focus specifically on smart tourism and how to enhance a local/rural area by proposing a prototype of a website/m-app.

According to you what would be the ideal definition of a research question/s?

And which is the most suitable methodology to follow? do you think service science management and engineering design methodology is a good one?

I am planning to work on the factors that influence the stagnation of SMEs in rural areas. Can you suggest any theoretical and conceptual framework that I can use. Thank you.

What is the new future role for Unmanned combat aerial vehicle? Obviously, like cars - freight. In particular, inaccessible areas, small loads in rural areas. This trend will rule for decades to come.

I need to design a 11Kv distribution line for a rural area. which software will be good for this purpose 

Any suggestions? I'm trying to get some help by OPS or UNICEF

Being in a rural area of India as a College Teacher, I find a lot of difficulties in making the students to open their mouth to talk in English. Most of the time the students sit sticking their mouth, never opening their moth even to say a proverb or noun in English. Training them for a long time, I find everything in vein by the end of the day. Either they never receive or they forget. I teach them a little bit of very basic grammar rules, especially sentence agreement. Then I tell them some common expressions for day to day life. I general, India has English as a second language. Rural students, whom I care more, show me no development. But, I fail miserably. What is wrong with me or my teaching? Could someone give me a methodology which may be followed to derive a success in the lives of students?

In every urban habitat we can see that there have an interaction between the core urban body and the surrounding area (rural area).So, i want to know, what are the suitable techniques to measure the rural-urban interaction because every urban centers are dependent with each other within the intra or inter urban locality.

Do you have experience using GPS trackers in rural Ethiopia? If so:

Any reliability issues in rural areas (any challenged experienced)?

How accurate are the data points (if sites are near to one another, such as a cluster of households)?

Any specific models of GPS tracking tools (handheld devices) that you recommend (that have worked)?

Thank you.

In my view rural development is still an issue for many policy makers in developing and developed countries. Taking this in account I would like to know what are the hottest topics or approaches in rural development regarding to sub-saharan african countries? Is agriculture still a backbone? References are welcome!

I have been in the stage o higgledy-piggledy since, over this topic.......attitudinal behaviour towards modern institutions in rural areas.

Please, help me out.

Thanks

We are planning to conduct a survey in rural India on

Is the Likert Scale questions an appropriate survey tool in rural India? Are villagers comfortable with such questions? Are they used to the fine differentiation which Likert scale demands? What are the optimal number of choices to such questions?

Demographic differences show that Depression is more prevalent in urban areas than in rural areas. What are the possible explanations to this?

Now im working on research "effect of household welfare on migration desicion: The case of Kyrgyzstan", where i schould measure household income in rural agricultural place. Taking into account that in such place income could be also in natural form, i want to know what should i include into calculation of income within rural/agricultural land.

Can experts explain to me that in indoor air pollution monitoring in rural areas , previously i have taken readings from uv-spectrophotometer for preparing calibration curve. but in this stage it get me again and again errors and my work can not proceed. what should i do to overcome this, as well as what is the standard reading and concentration of calibration curve for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and ozone.

What can I do to fix this?

please, i need answers urgently.

thank you all.

I am currently orientating first year students at University with computer skills. We have a number of students coming from rural areas and even urban areas who have never learned to use computers. Our concern is to ensure students are computer literate and will be able to do their assignments and participate in activities requiring computer skills.

Why females are neglected during health care service delivery?

Concept of Green Building in Energy Management system for enviornment friendly system. What are the varios factors should be considered while designing a green building in rural areas for small scale industries? How to improve and implement this concept

What I am really trying to ask is: can some of the challenges we see in rural areas be framed as negative externalities that may be the result of resources, specifically innovation investment, mostly directed to urban areas? Here’s my thought process. One argument for directing resources to urban areas is that agglomeration economies can use them more efficiently. By looking at urban centers in isolation, or even as part of a broader regional economy with a typical lens, this may make sense. But, rural areas in decline that are also part of the same broader regional economy may act as a drag on the urban center. One example could be the factors leading to the opioid issues in rural areas--so some resources in the region have to be directed at this. A more extreme example may be that residents in rural areas appear to favor policies that gut investment in science (one source of future innovations) and reduce immigration (one source of innovation creators/developers), and this in turn will negatively impact urban innovation centers. In addition to any thoughts to help frame/reframe this line of thinking, I am also collecting/reading literature to help me think more about this—any suggestions here are very helpful and welcomed.

The issue of agriculture is an important topic in particular in developing countries, this is because it will be influential in improving the quality of human resources and is also a means to maintain social and political stability as a prerequisite implement development. The crisis of the failed harvest always haunts in agricultural areas in several rural areas of agricultural producers. So much is causing a growing rise in the price of agriculture in urban areas, it is swept up in the agricultural areas that are lacking in supplying his crop.

Papers:

] M. Prabhavathi and A. Kiranmai, “Smart Security for agriculture using IoT,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci. Spec. Issue-4, vol. 6495, no. 4, pp. 2456–1908, 2017.

F. TongKe, “Smart Agriculture Based on Cloud Computing and IOT,” J. Converg. Inf. Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 210–216, 2013.

A. Kaloxylos et al., “The Use of Future Internet Technologies in the Agriculture and Food Sectors: Integrating the Supply Chain,” Procedia Technol., vol. 8, no. Haicta, pp. 51–60, 2013.

Hi all,

I'm thinking of using cognitive maps in my research on community-based social enterprises in rural areas. My research focuses on the way in which activities undertaken by community-based social enterprises are influenced by the (rural) context in which the organisations operate (and vice-versa).

I'm planning on conducting interviews with the different leading social entrepreneurial actors within different community-based social enterprises. I'm currently thinking about using cognitive maps during those interviews, to help get a better understanding of the way in which the social entrepreneurial actors perceive their environment. By this, I mean asking participants to draw the organisation and its environment on a piece of paper, as to make their conception explicit.

I'm looking for tips on how to use cognitive maps / drawings during an interview. Therefore, I wonder if you can help me with the following questions:

- Do you know any research that is illustrative of the usage of cognitive maps / drawings during interviews?

- Do you have experience using cognitive maps / drawings in qualitative research? If yes, what are tips and tricks that you can share?

Thanks for your help!

Kind regards, Mara

Transit Oriented Development areas are located within radious of one 1/4 to 1/2 mile (400-800 m) What do you think what is the optimal distance from housing development to railway station? What is the difference between urban and rural areas?

Best Regards,

Wojciech Jurkowski

Hi,

I am conducting a clinical trial in rural area of developing country with low education level and no reading/writing skills. We will be providing them some instructions to follow during the trial period. The instructions are available in written form and used in multiple research projects, however we want to convert the written instructions into a video and distribute the video amongst our participants.

Are there any specific rules/principles that need to be followed in doing so?

Kr

S

Which tests they would recommend me to perform a statistical analysis with nominal qualitative variables which I previously classified from a semi-structured questionnaire applied to a sample that is divided into different populations, sex, age, etc.

I have only been able to perform a descriptive statistic such as frequency tables and bar and pie charts. My objective is to perform inferential statistics with the data obtained from qualitative answers, that I previously classified to know what relationship they have, for example, to know the relationship that the place of origin has with the current work activity, access to social programs in rural areas in relation with the activities of exploitation of forest resources, etc.

I hope you can help me or provide me with an example of a similar study.

Thanks.

We are developing a clinical trial aiming at assessing a mobile app for diabetic patients in Rwanda (for more information on the D²Rwanda study: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03376607). To enable access to the app, we would like to provide all patients with a smartphone and a SIM card with a monthly mobile data bundle for the 12 months of the study's run. The SIM card would allow exclusive access to our app (through VPN / static IP) so that the patients wouldn’t spend the pack on voice calls, text messages or browsing the Internet (the supplied phones are dual-SIM, and therefore patients can continue using their own SIM cards as well).

We are currently facing a major challenge regarding obtaining the SIM cards: we would like to refrain from registering the SIM cards to each patient individually so that we avoid the selection bias (we hypothesise that some patients would not participate in the study if they are asked to provide their IDs for the SIM card registration —not to mention that some patients in rural areas may not even have IDs). For that, we would like to register the approximately 150 SIM cards under one of the institutions which co-develop the project. However, in Rwanda, there is a strict legislation, which requires individual registration of each card.

We have also looked for companies providing SIM cards with international roaming –but so far the bundles we have found are prohibitively expensive. Does anyone have any experience with such issues? We would be grateful for any insights, ideas or experience!

I intend to do a research to capture midwives activities to figure out the real problems faced by village midwives in the rural areas. I plan to do focus group disscussions and depth interviews at the first, followed by an observation, which is following village midwives activities for a week".

Maybe one of you know what are the appropriate method and strategy for this study?

whether it is a quantitative or qualitative or mixed methods?

what are the strategies that should I write in the research proposal?

whether FGD, depth interview and observation strategies are right strategies written in the research proposal?

The development of cities, peri-urban and rural areas is functionally closely intertwined. The new funding measure “Stadt-Land-Plus (Urban-Rural-Plus)” of the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) facilitates research to implement an efficient resource-saving land management on a regional level while safeguarding the interests of cities, peri-urban and rural areas.

However, meeting this target is challenged by a lack of knowledge about the interaction of urban-rural relations and the sustainability of regions, in particular with regard to material flows and establishing a regional circular economy as well as with regard to institutions and processes to improve balancing the interests between urban, peri-urban and rural areas and actors.

Any recommendation on how to put such a complex topic into a photo or illustration would be highly appreciated.

The BMBF funding measure “Stadt-Land-Plus” is part of the “Flagship Initiative ‘City of the Future’” under the third BMBF framework programme “Research for Sustainable Development – FONA³“. https://www.fona.de/en/stadt-land-plus-21638.html

I'm working on a financial inclusion project that wants to use a survey to engage with clients of digital financial systems (DFS) in rural areas and am looking for a tool recommendation - possibly SMS based, or Voice interactive response system, or mobile phone app (but less desirable).

Would love to hear of peoples experiences and suggestions.

Thanks

Indonesia has already 4 SOE manufacturing pharmaceuticals. We also have around 1,000 health centres throughout the country based on the number of the population. There is also a health insurance since 2014 to cover all population at the end of this decade.

The geography of the country necessitates people in rural area to travel as far a 10km or more to seek consultation for their health. Theoretically smaller private units located in rural areas with up-to-date information system would smoothen distribution of medicines needed for these cases. Unfortunately, such undertaking cost money with funds already limited at government budget.

I would highly appreciate your comments on this problem.

Does anyone know or have someone developed any type of survey addressing social values (attitudes, beliefs, etc.) in relation to the interaction of human communities with wildlife (fauna)?

I would like to know details about their development and statistical data related to their results, and I am especially interested if the survey has been developed at regional or local level (in the area of a municipality, or group of municipalities belonging to some type of protected area, for example).

I would like to make a research on “the impact and challenges of Rural Electrification in the rural poor of developing countries including the challenges of being unable to pay connection fees....etc”. Can anyone provide me guidance and literature in this area?

thanks in advance for your support.

 Socio-economic status scale for rural areas

I am trying to determine the extent of transmission of Lassa fever through sexual contact. Any ideas how I can do this? I can analyze semen samples from areas that just witnessed Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria for virus presence but obtaining these samples is near impossible. Analyzing semen samples submittted to tertiary health facilities for infertility investigation is a possibility, but wont be quite representative as Lassa is commoner in rural areas.

Also, I am at not sure how to measure transmission following sex and/or pregnancy, or adverse birth outcomes follow 'congenital Lassa' if it exists.

Sto cercando la bibliografia per la tesi magistrale.

Sono interessata ad analizzare lo spopolamento in una area rurale (Ozieri,SS) per capire quanto la disoccupazione incide, per poter pensare alle politiche di sviluppo da attuare per contrastare il fenomeno.