Science topic
Rumen - Science topic
The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)
Questions related to Rumen
I need to determine free fat in a rumen bypass fat (calcium soap) made from neutral fat. Solvent extraction of heat-treated matrices normally requires a pre-treatment. The American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) recommends "If the feed contains calcium salts of fatty acids (dairy bypass fats), then analyze by an acid hydrolysis method". However, acid hydrolysis will split the soap liberating the fatty acids and leading to a total-fat determination. ¿Any suggestions in how to determine just the unsaponified free fat?
The product is solid, insoluble in water or common solvents but it is partially soluble in a mixture of polar and non-polar solvents. The free fat level is low, below 1%
What is the difference between the goat and cow microbiota?
To my understanding and readings; goats tend to have a strong microbiota, therefore they can synthesize more ADF & and NDF. Please share your thoughts with reference if possible.
As I understand it, in some regions around the world, clay is fed to cows in their indoor feed, or added to silage, for the purpose of reducing enteric methane loss. It looks to me like allophane (at say 2% of the feed) buffers the pH of the rumen, preventing excess acidity and therefore the presence of excess free hydrogen, which the rumen gets rid of by forming methane instead of ammonia. Ammonia or urea forms dominate excess H removal at stable rumen pH levels and optimum N levels, possibly leading to increased N loss in the urine, unless excess protein in the feed is avoided.
Any info on this, and the best clays to use, would be greatly appreciated.
i need to know more about rumen digestion.
hi
can anyone introduce a new technology or an article about ruminant feed, please?
thank you.
Hi
I need that for my dissertation, but I can't find a file about it. Can anyone guide me, please??
Dear All,
Few years ago, I proposed that ruminal acidosis was produced by the accumulation of dissolved carbon dioxide in the rumen a phenomenon known as CO2 holdup.
pH is not a cause of disease. The ionisation of water molecules measured by the pH sensor is a consequence of the increase in dissociated molecules or acids. The main acid in rumen is disolved carbon dioxide, a liquid, it does not increase the partial pressure of CO2 in the rumen (CO2 is a gas). The accumulation of dCO2 creates a large gradient of concentration that will lead to the increase in CO2 absorption and the development of metabolic acidosis.
Lactic acidosis is caused by the increase in blood bicarbonate, product of the dCO2 absorption (blood is dominated by bases, higher pH). Bicarbonate is highly toxic and the peripheral tissue will exchange HCO3- by lactate to improve oxygenation.
In this way, lactate increases in blood and bicarbonate is stored (temporarily) in the cells. The importance of this mechanism is that lactate will provide protons H3O+ for CO2 exchange in the lungs, as Bicarbonate is already high. This is my opinion, of course.
Ruminal acidosis is product of CO2 poisoning. dCO2 concentrations over 80 mmol/l will increase the risk of ruminal acidosis.
What is your opinion?
I made an in vitro experiment with quebracho tannins extract using An in vitro method with rumen fluid. Unexpectadaly, the total number of rumen protozoa increased. Do you have a possibile explanation?
Thank you for taking your time, and its better if you can provide the reference paper.
I am working on coating nitrate to make it slow-release. I have made a primary product. First, XRD and IR tests were conducted to assess that. Then, I performed a pre-test to investigate its release in the rumen fluid using a "Nitrate/Nitrite Colorimetric Assay kit. However, the kits available in Iran are made for measuring nitrate and nitrite in water.
So, I would like to know your opinion and suggestion about how to measure nitrate and nitrite.
Every research article mention the use of same rumen fluid collection tube after thoroughly washing it with warm water before consecutive sampling as the collection tubes are costly. However, some reviewers say that this practice causes contamination and is not appropriate. Then why all journals accept papers with this method? and what should be the correct method.
I'm looking for the ideal column size and model. If anyone can help me, that would be much appreciated
References or manuals list to analyze 16S rRNA rumen bacteria data
I need the contacts of a company able to furnish or support the set up of a RUSITEC, a continuous cell rumen model. Could do you be able in supporting me? Or, at least, do you have a project of RUSITEC suitable for getting info on what it is necessary and which characteristics each component should have for its correct function (i.e. digesting chambers features, pipes diameters, pump technical characteristics, bags, etc) ? We already have a static rumen model (Ankom Daisy II) and an Ankom Gas Production System, but we want to evolve to a dinamic rumen model.
My advisor sent me the following code and told me to rewrite it in R.
proc nlin;
parms a=19 c=9 k=.08 lag=2;
*a=soluble, c=undegradable, k=rate/h, lag=lag time;
time=time-lag;
if time<0 then time=0;
b=100-a-c;
model DM=b*exp(-k*time)+c;
output out=temp p=Predicted r=Residual;
The non linear model was easy enough but I was having issues with fitting lag time. However I have written a function that works great, and I have posted it here so that it will hopefully help someone else in the future.
output1<-NULL
finaloutput<-NULL
degradfun<-function(x){
data1<-subset(DegradADJ, Subset_Term==x)
parms=list(b=100,k=0.04,c=0, lag=15)
#m<-nls(N_Disapp~b*exp(-k*(Hour-lag))+c,data=data1,start=parms)
m <- nls(formula = N_Disapp ~ ifelse(test = lag >= Hour, yes = b*exp(-k*(0))+c,
no = b*exp(-k*(Hour-lag))+c),
data = data1, start = parms)
out<-summary(m)
print(summary(m))
data1$predicted<-predict(m)
plot(data1$Hour, data1$N_Disapp, main=x)
print(lines(data1$Hour, data1$predicted, col="blue"))
output1<-data.frame(b=out$parameters[1,1], k=out$parameters[2,1], c=out$parameters[3,1], name=x)
finaloutput<<-rbind(output1, finaloutput)
}
To run a loop for all the products:
AllIDs<-unique(DegradADJ$Subset_Term)
lapply(AllIDs,degradfun)
Note: finaloutput will contain a table with all the results
To just run one:
degradfun("Product1")
If this helps you I just ask that you "recommend" this post. Thank you.
I am looking for some descrptions about the silica or SiO2 effects on ruminants through physiological mechanisms or its effect on Digestibilty DM . I think a lot about this .... is possible that SiO2 content in grasses with elevated level of FDN or ligninna will produce more rumia? and mastication ? I estimate SiO2 in forages by the content of unsoluble ash in ClH and I sow a lot of cattle with more rumia when feeds with rice straw or rice husks.
I read something about the effect of silica on the colonization of rice straw but I coudnt find more information aboutn this topic.
Thanks in advance if somebody helps me . I really apreciated it.
What is the minimum number of replications needed to do an experiment on rumen microbiota in calves? Do we need to do a power test? If yes, please suggest me a method? How about for in-vitro experiment? Thanks!
To all my network.
in our lab. we are looking for one QIAamp PowerFecal DNA Kit, Ref. No. 12830-50. The kit has been discontinued and we need to run few more samples for an important experiment.
Any of you could help us on finding one of this kit?
Thanks in advance for your help
Best,
Giuseppe
How would you suggest increasing the microbial production in in vitro rumen.? We are currently working with a 5,000 liter reactor using sugar beets as a feed stock processing about one ton per day. The value of the process is driven by the amount of microbial protein produced as this material has the same nutritional profile as fish pulled from the sea. The project objective is to produce a replacement for fish meal derived from waste paper, food waste, and/or low value crop residue.
A cow which presented a clear LDA, with a ruminal overload !
Following a general treatment to prepare her for abomasum correction, the next day, the cow presented diarrhea and during fixation by the roll and toggle method, fluid comes out of the abomasum and no gauzes !
It is true that the zone of tympanism has significantly diminished, the next day.
I Wish to know the mechanism of action of activated charcoal in the rumen of ruminants. How do they affect degradation and digestion.
What other best strategies are there in circumstances where you do not have regular access to collect fresh rumen liquor for your in vitro fermentation work? I have read that Rumen samples preserved at 4°C (for 72hrs) performs better than the one chilled /frozen ( -20 or -80 oC) as rumen samples preserved at these temperatures have low fermentative capacity?
Soda bicarb is considered an ideal buffering agent to maintain rumen pH. Rumen has a large volume. Different literatures give different answers. How can we arrive at an ideal oral dose rate, interval and period for this buffering action in a practically possible manner?
Hi all. One of my media recipes calls for "clarified rumen fluid." From what I found, that means through cheesecloth. The problem is that cheesecloth is very porous and I am trying to filter out more than that. I have gotten it as far as 3um but cannot get it past that. My project manager would like it to get to at least 1.0um or smaller pore size. I cannot get it to this point. Has anyone worked with this or something similar and been successful? I have tried a syringe and also tried a vacuum. Nothing is working. Any tips would be greatly appreciated.
Hi every one.
I'm looking for any one who has successfully isolated and grown F.prausnitzii
This year is our first step in our move towards targeted treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children.
If you would like to discuss bacterial isolation from stool, share successful methods or ask more questions for your own work I would love to hear from you.
Our first hurdle is finding a replacement for Rumen fluid in our culture methods for isolation.
Any Ideas?
Apart from HPLC, which other method can i use to assay rumen bacteria protein. Links or books on the method and protocol will be appreciated
Kindly, support your answer with references
I want to analyze rumen fluid samples in aqueous state for volatile fatty acids on a GC-FID. We only have a Bpx70 column. Can this column be use?
I want to prepare Volatile fatty acids standard mixture from individual acids bought from Sigma Aldrich. I have seen different volume mixture contradicting. I need a standard procedure/ volume mixture that will help to create a good calibration curve for quantifying the unknown VFA in rumen fluid using GC
What parameter we can use to assess the feeding welfare of goats besides Body condition scoring, Rumen fill scoring in migratory or pastoral production
Gut microbes ferment carbohydrates and produce SCFA among other products. They can also feed on bile acids.
Are they also able to use fatty acids and triglycerides as sources of energy?
Thank you to the expert scientists that can help this uneducated PhD who is too busy to dive into literature at the moment.
I am working on rumen microbiome and looking for a reactor that could monitor low oxygen concentration to mimic the animal's rumen condition
As some anaerobic bacteria are fastidious and sometimes need help to grow after the passage from solid agar to liquid culture, i was thinking about boosting them with FCS.
I've tried rumen fluid and Propionate/Acetate/Pyruvat solution so far. It sometimes works, sometimes not, always depending on the strain.
Has anyone tried out boosting the growth of bacteria with FCS?
If yes, in what concentration would you recommend to add FCS to the media?
Anaerobic fungi do contribute to the rumen function, only if animals are fed on high fibrous diets?
I am interested in working with you on evaluating the impact of live yeast (actisaf strain 47 and strain 48) on rumen fiber digestion, rumen lactic acid content, pH and redox potential. Do you have an in vitro system that can do this type of work? Do you have an in situ system for this type of work? Hope we can work together again.
Stephen M. Emanuele
What is the best method for laboratory determination of non-protein nitrogen in rumen fluid, serum and vitreous humor in case of urea poisonin?
Do you suggest another method?
What is the gold standard method for laboratory determination of urea poisoning?
Any new article explain about the mechanism on carotenoid compounds in the rumen?
Thanks!
I am a masters student and I have to submit a method that I would like to use in my project. Eek! is anyone working on something similiar with perhaps a different supplement?I would really appreciate it
Susie
This is not a question.
This is the Map for "Rumen microbial " topic.
file topic_report.docx = 25 topics from 1449 articles which have words
ti=(Rumen* microb* )
in their titles. Each topic is represented through 20 words and 20 thrases with which it is discussed in these articles. Really this terms are the names of methods, objects, properties, laws and so on for topic in question. In addition each topic has quotes from two articles in which it is most manifested.
file a1_basic.xlsm - articles with basic knowledge on the topic
file a3_novelty.xlsm - articles of last years potentially with novelty
We will be grateful for the feedback.
What is the effect of altitude on nutritive value, in vitro digestibility and rumen biodegradability of forage?
Due to the scarcity of water and lack of pastures in our country, so we used to feed the sheep an imported pelleted feed components (fine milled grains with some ground forage and non-forage fiber sources ). After a certain period of such feeding regime, we found out that the rumen of these animals has been morphologically modified in a strange manner (the rumen wall became very thin, the rumen papillae became very long and the coating layer of epithelial tissue became black in color. Although, the performance and health of the animals are not impaired.
What are the reason of these modifications and how could we ameliorate such changes? Although, rumen pH is not that bad (over 5.5 most of the time).
But we notice that rumination is disappeared.
Which of them is rich in protozoa population? Dairy cattel rumen or fatteninng cattle rumen?
Vitamin B12 is synthesised by certain bacteria in the rumen and hind gut. In ruminants the vitamin is readily absorbed with the aid of intrinsic factor in the ileum. In hind gut fermenters, however, the site of viatmin B12 synthesis is distal to the absorption site.
Hello . I am from Sudan, i PhD student in the college of Grassland science and technology - Lanzhou University. my major is animal nutrition, now a days i preparing my research proposal. i want to use native herbage plants (or herbs)(contains EO) that grown in Lanzhou or around it that can use in ruminants diets to change mechanism of rumen fermentation and methane production. but i don't know which herbage that grown in Lanzhou i can add it in diet..please can you give me some names of these plants i can evaluate it in-vitro experiment ?
We intend to conduct a project related to the effects of different oil sources and nitrate on ruminal some rumen parameters including methane production. With this aim, we will prepare a dairy cattle ration (2nd lactation). We will take a sample (0.2 g) and then insert in gas tight syringes which are used in in vitro gas production technique. And, we will determine the methane concentration in these gas tight syringes after 24 hours. But, there is a big problem. How we can obtain rumen content of a 2nd lactation cow??? We do not have a cannulated cow. Can I use rumen contents obtained from a different tytpe ruminant? Can you share your knowledge and experiences realted to this subject?
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I intend to prepare a Project related to methane mitigation in rumen. I think to use hazelnut oil and nitrate with this aim. Can you share your ideas with me about my Project? If you accept I will send somedetails of my Project.
I will insert 200 mg ration sample in the syringes and then will determine the methane production in the syringes. I will use nitrate and hazelnut oil in teh rations with the aim of decresaing methane production. Can I see the effect of these materials (nitrate and hazelnut oil) within one day?
how many identified bacteria and fungi from the rumen?
Dear all,
Requesting your expertise to clarify how rumen-inert fat sources like Ca-soaps/salts (84%), prilled palm fats (99%), fractionated fats and hydrogenated fats differ in their action, evaluated in terms of palatability, diet digestibility and ensuring overall benefits to dairy cows? And, which form has higher rumen stability?
Thanks!
I am currently work on the relationship between rumen morphology and meat quality. Are there any related articles can be shared
could it reduce methane gas in rumen?
most commonly used inert solvents for standardization of GC, FID?
provide stepwise procedure for estimation of VFA using GC, FID?
I want to learn the effecs of the silage and hay on ruminal methane production. Furthermore, I want to learn the effects of these two forage sources on rumen parameters.
I intend to prepare a Project related to methane mitigation in rumen. I think to use hazelnut oil and nitrate with this aim. Can you share your ideas with me about my Project? If you accept I will send somedetails of my Project.
Sincerely yours...
A colleague is trying to find out the methane levels inside a cow's rumen after feeding with a certain foodstuff. How does he measure the differences, how long should he wait, and how does he create a baseline for his comparisons? thanks!
Is microbial protein soluble in trichloro acetic acid ? What is the exact significance of calculating TCA ppt Nitrogen in the rumen liquor ? Is it correct that TCA ppt Nitrogen is purely True protein (including microbial protein) ???
Rumen pH, gas production ( methane, Ammoniac), Volatil Fatty Acids
Viral diarrhae is a common problem in ruminant.
Methane is produced as a natural by-product of the digestive process of cows and other bovines. Placing methanotrophs inside the gut of a cow would theoretically counter the methane production of the microbes responsible for it in the digestive process, and consequently reduce the contribution of cows to greenhouse gasses. Are the abiotic factors in the rumen of a cow suitable for the growth of methanotrophs?
If yes, what are its possible implications or consequences to the ecology of the existing microflora in the rumen of a cow?
When a young ruminant is born, its rumen is considered a sterile environment that contains no bacteria or other microbial life. The young ruminant is naturally exposed to different microbes through the dam’s birth canal and vagina, saliva, skin and feces. now we asked about how diet content affect on rumen development.
Known and famous methods may be ancient:
1- Digestive Testing (Digestion Boxes) in vivo
2- comparison of the results of their nitrogen content, the beginning and end of the experiment.
There are new ways I do not know ..! Does anyone tell us about them?
in some models of methane prediction from rumen
volatile fatty acids from amino acids fermentation were carried out
so i need to know how could that volatile acids quantity calculated.
Sever lactic acidosis in cows because of rapidly and highly carbohydrates fermentation in rumen.
That is need emergency care quickly and correction of pH of blood.
I want to determined antioxidant activity of rumen fluid by DPPH but my sample color after using DPPH change to dark orange or brownish and the absorbance of samples are more than blank. pH of rumen fluid is around 8-8.5 because this samples have taken from Rusitec System. I tried some modifications such as dilution( methanol or water were used), use whole spectrum to find the best wave length, adjust pH to 6.5 by HCl, Using ethanol and water instead of methanol to make DPPH solution, using filtration and centrifuging of samples before using but in all cases ruminal fluid absorbance was more than blank, if any body has a suggestion to solve the problem .
I want to learn whether there is a connection between the unsaturation degree of an fatty acid and its toxicity level on rumen microorganisms?
I'm doing experiment on LAB, specifically, lactobacillus plantarum. In my experiment, I inoculated l. plantarum in substrate-containing serum bottles ( in vitro gas production technique) and checked the total gas production, total SCFA concentration and do qPCR to check their initial quantities. The results showed that there was no difference between control and treatments. It means that l. plantarum couldn't survive in the buffered rumen fluid. Is it due to the neutral pH of the rumen? Could anyone explain this for me? Thanks in advance.
Rumen VFA are analysed predominantly with GC, but we face technical problem with the apparatus and it's spare parts.
Could I measure the odd- and branched-chain fatty acid (OBCFA) in rumen content using GC-FID?
What should I check with the GC machine or column?
If I want to learn more details about the preparation of OBCFA samples, which kind of books or website could I search for?
Thanks a lot!
To calculate the enzyme activity, we have used Rhodanin assay (Shweta et al., 1999). But at the end of the assay the results are not coming as earlier reported. There is formation of chromogen in both the test tubes i.e. experimental and control. There is no contamination in the (Sigma Mol Bio grade used) chemicals.
Please tell what could be the possible reason of this outcome.
Thanks in advance.
How can have an existence Possibility of a reliable method of calculation and estimate the pH in the rumen for sheep species?
I want to supplement dairy cows' diet with rumen protected Met to enhance milk protein synthesis. I seek an efficient feed additive with sufficient protection in the rumen to use as a co-supplement with RP-Met (in synergism with together). a significant increase in milk protein (protein fractions) is expected as research target.
I need some designs and methods to determine rumial gases in gots
How to explain that ,NDF/ADF digestibility in dairy cattle was improved while cellulolytic bacteria numbers was decreased? Anyone can explain or have some suggestion/ reference?
Actually, monensin would decrease ammonia-N concentration in the rumen, however, my research found that ammonia-N concentration was increased when supplement monensin in diet at 33mg/kg diet in cattle. How to explain?
Does anybody isolate and identify the organism that produce methane in rumen?
Dear Professor and Researchers,
I am doing work on screening of plants that reduce methane in ruminants under in vitro condition. We measure total gas, CH4, acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), isovalerate, (Ci5) and valerate (C5) A: P ratio using GC and NH3 estimation.
My question: Is there any simple Formula to calculate the amount of hydrogen produced for in vitro rumen fermentation exp.