Science method

Routing - Science method

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I observed an assembly process of a ferromagnetic nanoparticles into a 3D cubic microstructure in aqueous media at 120°C. However the assembly process didn't involve any solvent evaporation or external magnetic force. Can anyone recommend or suggest the route for this formation?
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I am not 100% sure that I get your question. I had some experience with the self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. They initially had organic aliphatic trails, which prevented their immediate electro-static agglomeration. In my case, the challenge was to develop a homogenous dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, while avoiding nanoparticle conglomeration due to electrostatics. It was an achievable goal. In your case, it sounds like you already accomplish your task: "ferromagnetic nanoparticles into a 3D cubic microstructure in aqueous media at 120°C", but need some advice on how to get rid of solvent (?). I would say that you can just heat it up in vacuum oven
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Especially one that involves a biotechnological route
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One of the simplest lignin derived products that can be made in a lab is vanillin, which is the main flavor component of vanilla. Vanillin can be obtained from lignin by various biotechnological routes, such as enzymatic oxidation, microbial fermentation, or bioelectrochemical systems. For example, one possible method is to use a fungal enzyme called laccase to oxidize lignin and produce vanillin and other aromatic compounds1. Another possible method is to use a bacterium called Pseudomonas putida to convert lignin-derived compounds into vanillin and other value-added products. A third possible method is to use a microbial fuel cell to degrade lignin and generate vanillin and electricity simultaneously. These methods are more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than the conventional chemical methods of vanillin production from lignin.
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when we do synthesis of nanoparticle through Green route, we always notice the initial color change by adding Plant Extract and the Salt like Zinc acetate in ZnO NPs etc. and if the color change occur we say our NPs synthesized. so what's the logic behind this, why the color change occurred.
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Thnks @Murtadha Shukur
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How is fuzzy logic specifically applied in the trusted routing protocol, and what advantages does it offer over traditional routing methods ?
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Fuzzy logic is a mathematical concept that deals with uncertainty and imprecision. It is used in the context of the Fuzzy, Dynamic and Trust Based Routing Protocol for IoT to calculate trust scores for nodes in the network. The protocol uses a multi-fuzzy, dynamic, and hierarchical trust model (FDTM-IoT) to make routing decisions based on contextual information, quality of service, and quality of peer-to-peer communication. Fuzzy logic is used in trust calculations to consider uncertainty as one of the most important inherent characteristics of trust.
The advantages of using fuzzy logic in the trusted routing protocol are:
Improved network performance: FDTM-RPL, the proposed routing protocol, provides high performance in detecting attacks and improves network performance in a variety of criteria, including end-to-end delay and packet loss rates.
Efficient communication: The use of contextual information, attention to security issues, and the consideration of service quality make proper routing decisions, enabling efficient communication of information among IoT nodes.
Better security: FDTM-RPL uses trust to deal with attacks, making it more secure than traditional routing methods.
I hope this helps!
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Hello,
Concerning my PhD project, I'm curious about the placement of electronic toll stations within a city, particularly in Europe. I'm interested in whether they are typically situated sequentially along one or more routes, arranged in a grid network, or perhaps organized in a circular pattern.
I am also wondering if all electronic toll stations in a city are typically connected to each other through the available links among them, or is there any possibility that two or more toll stations are not connected (in a city)?
Thank you in advance for your help.
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The placement of electronic toll stations in a city can vary based on factors like traffic flow, infrastructure, and city planning. They may be strategically positioned along major routes, forming a sequential network. In some cases, a grid pattern might be employed to cover various entry and exit points efficiently. Circular patterns are less common but may be used based on city layout and traffic patterns.
Regarding connectivity, electronic toll stations are typically part of a connected network to ensure efficient toll collection and data management. Connecting all stations allows for synchronized operations, real-time data exchange, and centralized control. However, specific cases may exist where connectivity challenges lead to isolated toll stations. Local factors and technological considerations could influence the design and connectivity of the toll collection system in a city.
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We are interested in publishing a book chapter in herbal medicines or bioactive compounds and cancer treatment in Qualified publishers.
Please let us know the conditions and route of finding interested area.
kind regards
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Look for reputable academic publishers known for scientific, medical, or pharmaceutical content. Some examples include Springer, Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, and CRC Press.Visit the websites of potential publishers and review their submission guidelines. They usually provide details on how to submit proposals or manuscripts for book chapters.Reach out to the acquisition editors or the respective publishers of the selected companies. You can often find their contact information on the publisher's website.Prepare a proposal for your book chapter. The proposal should include an outline, summary, intended audience, and significance of the content.Ensure your chapter contributes unique and valuable insights to the field. It should offer new information, a comprehensive review, or original research.Verify that the information you're providing meets scientific standards and is supported by robust evidence. This is crucial in the field of herbal medicines and cancer treatment. Consider collaborating with other experts in the field. Multiple authors can enhance the credibility and expertise of the chapter.Reputable publishers often have a peer review process to ensure the quality and accuracy of the content. Be prepared for this review as part of the publication process.Ensure compliance with legal and ethical guidelines in terms of data sources, citation, and usage of proprietary information.Discuss and negotiate terms related to copyright, royalties, distribution, and any fees associated with publishing. Discuss and negotiate terms related to copyright, royalties, distribution, and any fees associated with publishing. Submitting a book chapter in the realm of herbal medicines and bioactive compounds in cancer treatment requires meticulous planning, a rigorous approach to content creation, and a strategic engagement with publishers and experts in the field. Conduct thorough research and ensure that the content adds value and novelty to the existing literature.i hope i helped :)
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What is the fastest route to obtaining a PhD by publication?
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Publish as many articles and possible any you the reviewers comment to your improve and shape your Thesis.
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What are the key challenges and threats associated with routing in dynamic and potentially untrusted vehicular environments, and how can fuzzy-based protocols address these challenges?
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Routing in dynamic and potentially untrusted vehicular environments, such as Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), presents several challenges and threats. These environments involve high mobility, rapidly changing topologies, and a mix of trusted and untrusted nodes. Here are the key challenges and threats associated with such routing:
High Mobility and Dynamic Topology: Vehicles move rapidly, leading to frequent changes in network topology. This makes it challenging to maintain stable communication paths and requires efficient route maintenance and discovery mechanisms.
Scalability: Given the potentially large number of vehicles in an urban environment, the routing protocol must scale to handle a large number of nodes without degrading performance.
Time-Critical Data: Vehicular environments often require the transmission of time-sensitive data, such as safety messages. Ensuring timely delivery in the face of network congestion and dynamic topology is challenging.
Security and Privacy Concerns:
Spoofing Attacks: Malicious nodes might impersonate legitimate vehicles to inject false information or disrupt the network.
Eavesdropping: Untrusted entities might intercept sensitive data being transmitted.
Sybil Attacks: A single adversary may present multiple identities to mislead the system.
Replay Attacks: Adversaries might retransmit old messages to confuse vehicles or traffic management systems.
Privacy Concerns: Continuous transmission of vehicular data might lead to privacy breaches, revealing a vehicle's location, travel patterns, or driver behavior.
Network Fragmentation: Due to high mobility, parts of the network might get disconnected, leading to communication challenges.
Resource Constraints: Even though vehicles can offer more computational power than typical mobile devices, they still have limitations in terms of bandwidth, battery (for certain on-board devices), and storage.
Interference: Vehicular environments might face interference from other wireless devices, leading to reduced communication reliability.
Heterogeneity: Vehicular networks might consist of a diverse range of devices with varying capabilities, from modern cars with advanced sensors to older vehicles with basic communication capabilities.
Reliability: Ensuring reliable communication in the face of obstacles (like buildings in urban environments) and at high speeds is crucial, especially for safety-related communications.
Trust Management: Establishing trust among vehicles, especially in an untrusted environment, is challenging. Mechanisms are needed to evaluate the trustworthiness of messages and their sources.
Addressing these challenges requires a combination of robust routing protocols, advanced cryptographic techniques, trust management systems, and efficient data dissemination strategies tailored for vehicular environments.
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Can someone please tell me what is the scope of doing research on Routing in Underwater water sensor networks? Also please give me some suggestions to start my research with Aquasim ng.
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You can look at this implementation of depth based routing (DBR) for underwater acoustic networks - https://www.tetcos.com/pdf/v13.3/NetSim-UWAN_DBR-protocol-implementation.pdf
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What are the importance of energy in an ecosystem and its routes of uses and important feature of energy flow in the ecosystem?
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Energy is a fundamental driver of ecological processes within an ecosystem, and its flow is a key aspect of ecosystem dynamics. Understanding the importance of energy in an ecosystem, its routes of use, and the key features of energy flow is crucial for comprehending how ecosystems function.
Here are the primary points regarding energy in ecosystems:
Importance of Energy in an Ecosystem:
  1. Sustaining Life: Energy is the foundation of life within an ecosystem. It fuels all biological processes, including growth, reproduction, movement, and maintenance of metabolic functions.
  2. Trophic Levels: Energy forms the basis for the organization of organisms into trophic levels within an ecosystem. These levels include producers (plants), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and decomposers. Energy flows from one trophic level to another as organisms consume each other.
  3. Limiting Factor: Energy availability can be a limiting factor in ecosystem productivity. Ecosystems with ample energy from sunlight, for example, support more primary producers, leading to a greater abundance of consumers and a more complex food web.
Routes of Energy Use in an Ecosystem:
  1. Photosynthesis: Energy from sunlight is captured by green plants through photosynthesis. This process converts solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose and other organic molecules.
  2. Consumption: Primary consumers (herbivores) obtain energy by consuming plants, while secondary consumers (carnivores) obtain energy by consuming other animals. This transfer of energy from one trophic level to another continues throughout the food chain.
  3. Metabolism: Organisms use energy for metabolic processes such as respiration, growth, and reproduction. Metabolic energy is derived from the chemical energy stored in organic molecules.
  4. Decomposition: Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in breaking down dead organic matter. During decomposition, energy is released from organic materials and returned to the ecosystem.
Important Features of Energy Flow in an Ecosystem:
  1. Unidirectional Flow: Energy flows through an ecosystem in a unidirectional manner, from primary producers to consumers and eventually to decomposers. It does not cycle in the same way that nutrients do.
  2. Energy Loss: At each trophic level, energy is lost as heat through metabolic processes, such as cellular respiration. This loss of energy limits the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.
  3. Energy Pyramid: Ecosystems often exhibit an energy pyramid, where each successive trophic level contains less energy than the one below it. This pyramid shape reflects the decreasing efficiency of energy transfer as it moves up the food chain.
  4. 10% Rule: Roughly, only about 10% of the energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level. This rule highlights the inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels.
  5. Top Predators: Because energy is lost with each transfer, top predators (apex consumers) in an ecosystem are typically fewer in number compared to primary producers and lower trophic level consumers.
  6. Ecosystem Productivity: Energy availability can influence the overall productivity of an ecosystem. Ecosystems with high energy inputs (e.g., tropical rainforests) tend to be more productive and support a greater diversity of species.
In summary, energy is a fundamental currency of life within ecosystems, driving ecological processes and influencing the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Energy flow in ecosystems is characterized by its unidirectional nature, energy loss at each trophic level, and the inefficiency of energy transfer as it moves through the food chain. These principles are central to understanding ecosystem dynamics and the relationships between organisms within ecosystems.
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I am working on a VANET simulation with NetSim and aim to introduce a clustering mechanism similar to the one used in IoT/WSN setups. The objective is for each vehicle cluster to establish communication with a certain Road Side Unit (RSU). Is it feasible to achieve this through MATLAB-NetSim co-simulation?
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Implementation of cluster-based routing can be done with the following:
  1. By creating a custom routing algorithm and replacing the original protocol with this new algorithm, in NetSim source code.
  2. Alternatively, you can interface with MATLAB (or Python) by writing the code in MATLAB, passing the necessary parameters to MATLAB from NetSim, and retrieving the output from MATLAB for use in NetSim. One such example related to cluster-based routing is provided here- https://github.com/NetSim-TETCOS/Clustering_in_VANETs_v13.3/archive/refs/heads/main.zip.
  3. NetSim File Exchange projects (https://www.tetcos.com/file-exchange.html), contain examples related to clustering in IoT/WSN. With some adjustments, these concepts can be adapted for VANET applications from the context of WSN. For reference: https://tetcos.com/pdf/v13.3/Dynamic_Clustering_in_WSN_v13.3.pdf
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I'm working on a routing and scheduling problem in the home care services context. I consider a break as a dummy patient, so routing and scheduling are also implemented for the break node (with some conditions). For some reason, I need to determine whether a visit occurs before or after a break. I defined two binary variables "Zikt" which means if patient i is visited by doctor k on shift t before the break, and "Z'ikt" for after the break. I added 2 new constraints as follows:
S(b,k,t)-S(i,k,t) =l= M* Z(i,k,t)
Z(i,k,t) + Z'(i,k,t) =l= sum((j), X(i,j,k,t))
P.s: S(b,k,t) is the starting time of break by doctor k on shift t
S(i,k,t) is the starting time of visiting patient i by doctor k on shift t
X(i,j,k,t) is if doctor k on shift t goes from node i to node j (binary variable)
In the first constraint, if the left-hand side becomes positive, Z(i,k,t) will be 1.
The second one is guaranteeing that Z and Z' could get value if patient i was visited by doctor k on shift t.
By adding these 2 constraints to my model, the result of my S variables get wrong.
I think it's better to rewrite the first constraint so that it becomes related somehow to X(i,j,k,t), but I can not figure out how to do it.
I'd appreciate it if anyone could help me.
Thanks
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Let's break down the problem and try to reframe the constraints to ensure they reflect the requirements accurately.
Firstly, your goal is to determine whether a visit to a patient \( i \) by doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \) occurs before or after a break.
Your variables:
- \( Z_{ikt} \): Binary, 1 if patient \( i \) is visited by doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \) before the break.
- \( Z'_{ikt} \): Binary, 1 if patient \( i \) is visited by doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \) after the break.
- \( S_{bkt} \): Starting time of break by doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \).
- \( S_{ikt} \): Starting time of visiting patient \( i \) by doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \).
- \( X_{ijkt} \): Binary, 1 if doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \) goes from node \( i \) to node \( j \).
Let's restate the constraints:
1. If \( S_{bkt} \) is greater than \( S_{ikt} \), then \( Z_{ikt} \) should be 1. This implies that the visit to patient \( i \) is before the break. You've used a large \( M \) to handle this condition. This is a big-M constraint and is often used in linear programming to model conditional constraints.
2. A visit can either be before the break or after the break, hence the summation of \( Z_{ikt} \) and \( Z'_{ikt} \) is 1 if patient \( i \) is visited by doctor \( k \) on shift \( t \). You've used the \( X \) variable to enforce this, which seems correct.
For the first constraint: the way you've modeled it assumes that if \( S_{bkt} - S_{ikt} \) is positive (i.e., \( S_{bkt} > S_{ikt} \)), \( Z_{ikt} \) will be 1. However, this doesn't enforce the converse (i.e., if \( S_{bkt} \leq S_{ikt} \), \( Z_{ikt} \) should be 0).
You can re-write this constraint using two inequalities to cover both scenarios:
\[
S_{bkt} - S_{ikt} \leq M(1 - Z_{ikt})
\]
\[
S_{ikt} - S_{bkt} \leq MZ_{ikt}
\]
The first equation ensures that if \( S_{bkt} \) is greater than \( S_{ikt} \), \( Z_{ikt} \) is forced to be 0. The second equation ensures the opposite.
The second constraint you provided seems to be correct. It ties the \( Z \) variables to the \( X \) variable, ensuring that \( Z \) and \( Z' \) can only be non-zero if there's a visit.
Lastly, ensure that the value of \( M \) is sufficiently large to avoid infeasibilities but not too large to cause numerical instability in the solver.
Try implementing these changes and see if they correct the issues with the \( S \) variables.
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In articles that present different synthesis routes of Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles via sol-gel, they use a temperature of 60°C for this. So far I have not found any justification for most authors to use this temperature. Could anyone help me with this issue?
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The choice of a specific synthesis temperature, such as 60°C, for Cu-doped ZnO via sol-gel method can vary depending on several factors. Here are a few possible reasons why this temperature is commonly used:
Favorable reaction kinetics: The sol-gel process involves the hydrolysis and condensation of precursor compounds to form the desired material. A temperature of 60°C might be chosen because it provides a favorable balance between reaction rates and control over the formation of the material.
Thermal stability: The selected temperature should ensure the stability of the precursor solution during the synthesis process. 60°C can be suitable for maintaining the sol stability while facilitating the necessary chemical reactions without significant decomposition or evaporation of the solution.
Homogeneity and crystallinity: The synthesis temperature can influence the crystal growth and crystallinity of the resulting material. 60°C may allow for controlled nucleation and crystal growth, leading to a more homogenous and well-defined Cu-doped ZnO structure.
Avoiding undesired side reactions: Some precursor compounds used in the sol-gel process can be prone to undesirable side reactions or decomposition at higher temperatures. By choosing 60°C, it may be possible to minimize these side reactions while still achieving the desired doping and structure.
It's worth noting that the choice of synthesis parameters, including temperature, can depend on the specific objectives of the study, the properties desired in the material, and the precursor compounds used. Different research groups may have their own optimized temperature ranges based on their specific requirements and experimental conditions.
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HII
I want to perform QST2 or QST3 using gaussian 16 to determine the transition state. I have got several saddle points for reaction with single imaginary frequency. I am trying to get IRC trajectory starting with TS-geometry.
Should I go to run QST2 or QST3 after getting IRC path?. Or QST2 OR QST3 are necessary apart from TS-Berny to classify the transition state. Is the rout line of QST2 input is same as for TS?
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Generally, I had no great success with QST2 nor QST3
The best practice to locate a TS is
a) perform a relaxed scan along the reaction coordinate (bond) under study
you could use something like
# opt=modredundant uMN15L/6-31+g(d,p)
Then add the details at the bottom of the file
B 1 2 S 20 0.100000
b) Take the highest energy point from step a and save it as input file for your TS search , then locate the TS using
# opt=(calcfc,ts,noeigen) uMN15L/6-31+g(d,p) freq
noeigen ensures that you will have only one imag freq
Also, take a look at
https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CP06082C
Good luck
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We tried with ingot route also but again observed the cracks during forging at 1200°C
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Cracks in 5% silicon stainless steel during forging or casting can be attributed to various factors related to material properties, processing conditions, and cooling rates. Here are some potential reasons for the cracking:
  1. High Silicon Content: The high silicon content in the stainless steel can lead to increased brittleness, making the material more susceptible to cracking during forging or casting.
  2. Cooling Rate: Rapid cooling during solidification or after forging can cause thermal stresses and differential cooling, leading to cracking. It's essential to control the cooling rate to avoid excessive temperature gradients.
  3. Inclusions and Impurities: The presence of inclusions or impurities in the steel can act as stress concentrators, promoting crack initiation and propagation.
  4. Alloy Homogeneity: Non-uniform composition or alloy segregation in the material can create regions of different mechanical properties, leading to cracking during deformation or cooling.
  5. Deformation Temperature: The forging temperature may not be suitable for the specific alloy composition, leading to cracking during plastic deformation.
  6. Microstructural Changes: Improper heat treatment or processing conditions can cause undesirable changes in the microstructure, making the material more prone to cracking.
  7. Material Design: The choice of alloy composition and the intended application may require modifications to improve the material's resistance to cracking.
To mitigate cracking issues, consider the following steps:
  1. Material Selection: Depending on the specific application, consider using a different stainless steel grade with lower silicon content or an alloy more suitable for forging and casting.
  2. Heat Treatment: Optimize the heat treatment process to achieve a desirable microstructure and mechanical properties.
  3. Cooling Control: Ensure controlled cooling rates during casting and forging to minimize thermal stresses.
  4. Reduce Impurities: Improve the quality of the raw materials and minimize impurities and inclusions.
  5. Hot Working: Modify the forging temperature and process to better suit the alloy's properties and reduce the risk of cracking.
  6. Quality Control: Implement stringent quality control measures throughout the manufacturing process to identify and eliminate defects.
  7. Simulation and Testing: Use numerical simulations and physical testing to better understand the material's behavior and identify potential issues.
It's essential to work closely with materials experts and conduct detailed analysis to identify the root cause of the cracking and implement appropriate solutions. Modifying the alloy composition, process parameters, and post-processing treatments can help produce crack-free components.
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Hello,
I am trying to run a calculation using the HF/LANL2DZ level of theory, and am interested in visualizing the canonical orbitals and the basis functions. The molecule of interest is pentagonal planar (D5h point group), and I would like to choose the coordinate system such that the py basis functions on the terminal atoms are pointing towards the center of the molecule.
Does g09 support this? What keywords would I have to add to the route section to achieve this?
Thank you very much!
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Adam Matěj Thank you for your response- The project I am working on is for students to better visualize the quantitative calculations by comparing it to qualitative calculations taught in inorganic chemistry courses.
I am comparing qualitative results calculated from group theory to quantitative results from a computational calculation for a planar D5h symmetric molecule.
In the qualitative calculation, the py basis functions were oriented pointing towards the z axis to emphasize the symmetry. I would like to reflect that in the quantitative calculation so I can make a cleaner comparison.
I am using AOMix to print the coefficients from the computational calculation, however at the moment since the basis functions are not oriented as desired, I must do some trigonometry which is rather tedious. I also use the visualization software iqmol to visualize the basis functions, so having them oriented to emphasize symmetry would be useful.
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I am working on an HMS model and each time I go to run the model I get a warning code for my first two reaches and then the model shuts down. Specifically, it says "WARNING 41169 Muskingum routing is unstable with the given parameters for reach-X." Is there any place where I can look up the warning codes or an easy solution to fixing my routing issues? Thank you
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Did you find any solution?
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I have tried using freq n polar in the route sec but my job failed. I am not able to figure out where is the problem.
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you can get mor information in the manual of multiwfn in this manual explain about polarizability and hyper
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I found difficulty in synthesizing of 2-hydroxy-5-nitroisophthalaldehyde from p-nitrophenol by using duff reaction(HMTA, Trifloroacetic acid at 110 oC) having yield around 4-6 %
please provide ortho- diformylation of p-nitrophenol. Is there any other condition to apply for it?
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The synthesis of 2-hydroxy-5-nitroisophthalaldehyde can be achieved through several routes, but one of the most efficient and widely used methods involves the following steps:
Synthesis of 5-nitroisophthalic acid: This can be achieved by nitration of isophthalic acid using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The product is then purified by recrystallization.
Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde: This can be achieved by the reaction of 5-nitroisophthalic acid with sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The product is then purified by column chromatography.
Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-5-nitroisophthalaldehyde: This can be achieved by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde with acetic anhydride, followed by hydrolysis with dilute hydrochloric acid. The product is then purified by recrystallization.
Overall, this route involves the nitration of isophthalic acid, followed by reduction, oxidation, and acetylation/hydrolysis to yield the final product, 2-hydroxy-5-nitroisophthalaldehyde.
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I need to inject tamoxifen into mice at P12 and P14. I would collect retinal tissue at P30. Does anybody have any suggestions for the dose and the route of administration for this age?
Any suggestions would be of huge help! Thank you!
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you got the answer? share me ?
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Hi,
I am trying to model a three-lane approach roundabout in VISSIM. I have assigned static vehicle routing decisions for each approach lane. However, there is a queue forming at the location where the dual carriageway link ends, and the approach roads begin. E.g., A vehicle turning left at the roundabout will make a sudden left turn from the approach right lanes near the roundabout to enter the leftmost approach lane which is causing serious queues in the right lanes of the roundabout. Can anyone advise how to solve this issue?
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There are a few ways you can try to improve traffic flow at your roundabout: 1. Reduce capacity on the approach roads - If the approach roads are extremely busy, reducing the number of lanes may help reduce congestion by reducing the number of vehicles entering the roundabout.
2. Use traffic signals - Installing traffic signals at the approach roads may help to manage the supply of vehicles onto the roundabout. This could help spread out the traffic more evenly, reducing the amount of queueing that occurs.
3. Change lane design - Adjusting the lane widths, designing corner radiuses and adding additional lane markings such as triangles and double arrows may help drivers understand the route more clearly, thereby improving the traffic flow.
4. Improve signage - Making sure drivers are aware of the lane markings and the route ahead can help keep traffic flowing at the roundabout.
5. Improve intersection geometry - If your roundabout has sharp turns or tight radii, this can affect the flow of traffic. Adjusting the radii to allow for smoother turns could improve traffic flow. Hopefully one of these approaches will help solve your problem. Good luck!
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I am planning to administer chemotherapeutic drugs to nude mice via the oral gavage route. What is the optimal pH range for the solution that can be given via oral gavage?
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For most routes of administration, a pH range of 4.5–8.0 is satisfactory. However, for oral administration, a pH as low as 3 can be tolerated, but alkaline solutions are very poorly tolerated.
In case of oral gavage route, I would suggest the optimal pH range of 7.2 -7.4 because extremes in pH could cause local tissue damage. Phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2-7.4) could be used to make the solution.
You may want to refer to the article attached below.
Best.
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Pheromone Table : This table is organized in a manner similar to the routing tables in Distance-Vector Algorithms but it's input τij is a Probabilities, not distances, and they indicate to the extent appropriate choice for each node of the adjacent nodes to be as a next node when route to a particular destination in the network.
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A Pheromone Table is a data structure used in Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of ants. In ACO, the algorithm seeks to find the shortest path between two points in a network by simulating the behavior of ants searching for food.
In the context of ACO, the Pheromone Table is a table that contains information about the paths taken by previous ants in the food search. The entries in the table represent the probabilities of choosing each neighboring node as the next node in the path to the destination. These probabilities are based on the amount of pheromone left by previous ants on each path.
The Pheromone Table is similar to the routing tables used in Distance-Vector Algorithms, which store information about the distance between nodes in a network. However, instead of distances, the Pheromone Table stores probabilities, which represent the likelihood of choosing a particular path based on the pheromone trails left by previous ants.
The Pheromone Table is updated dynamically as ants move through the network, with pheromone levels increasing on successful paths and decreasing on less successful paths. By using the Pheromone Table to guide the search for the shortest path, ACO can find optimal solutions quickly and efficiently, even in large and complex networks.
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I assigned a static route to the eastbound (right) direction with a specific flow (I have tried different values as well), but no vehicles are passing through that route! I added two data collection measurement points as shown in the picture to check the count, and it always reads zero vehicles. Any ideas about this issue?
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First, the fact that your east-bound lane is not highlighted by the route is not a problem. Routes do not know about lanes, this is calculated on the fly at simulation start. Normally, the whole link should be highlighted, for some reason the highlighting is too narrow, but that should be a graphics glitch only.
There are several reasons why vehicles would not pick up a static route:
1. They already have a route. You can check during the simulation the vehicles have some attribute for the static route that they use.
2. You use dynamic assignment. Dynamic assignment vehicles completely ignore static routes.
3.The routing decision itself could be picky and, e.g., apply only to specific vehicle classes.
4. Various error conditions; I am not sure what happens if you set the probability of all routes to zero, for example.
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is xrd pattern depend upon the process of our material ? the xrd peak depend upon the process of material such as solid state , chimerical route.
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XRD pattern is obtained due to periodic arrangement of the atoms in the material. Preparation processes such as sintering, annealing or other such methods affect the ordering of the atoms. Therefore, the XRD pattern depends on such processes.
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What is the importance of Indian Ocean routes and resources of the Indian Ocean and features of Indian Ocean?
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The Indian Ocean is an important body of water that plays a crucial role in global trade and commerce. It connects the major economies of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, making it a vital transit route for international shipping. Here are some key points on the importance, resources, and features of the Indian Ocean:
Importance:
· The Indian Ocean is one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, connecting major ports in India, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
· It is home to some of the world's busiest ports, including Singapore, Mumbai, and Colombo.
· The Indian Ocean is also rich in natural resources, including oil, gas, fish, and minerals, making it an important source of revenue for many countries in the region.
· The ocean plays a significant role in global climate patterns, affecting weather and rainfall patterns in many parts of the world.
Resources:
· The Indian Ocean is rich in oil and gas reserves, particularly in the Persian Gulf, which is home to some of the world's largest oil fields.
· The ocean is also a major fishing ground, providing livelihoods for millions of people in the region.
· Other resources found in the Indian Ocean include minerals such as manganese, nickel, and cobalt, which are used in the production of electronics and other industrial products.
Features:
· The Indian Ocean is the third-largest ocean in the world, covering an area of approximately 70.6 million square kilometers.
· It is bordered by Africa to the west, Asia to the north, Australia to the east, and the Southern Ocean to the south.
· The ocean is characterized by several large features, including the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, and Mozambique Channel.
· The Indian Ocean is also home to several islands, including the Maldives, Seychelles, and Madagascar.
In summary, the Indian Ocean is a vital transit route for international shipping, rich in natural resources, and plays an important role in global climate patterns. Its features include several large bodies of water and islands, making it an important resource for the countries in the region.
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I would like to know the meaning of routing and also the difference between the routing and sequencing in the scheduling problem
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Routing focuses on determining the optimal path or route for tasks or jobs through a system, while sequencing involves determining the optimal order of task execution within a system or a single machine. Routing deals with physical or logical movement of tasks, while sequencing deals with the order of task execution.
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Normmally you would go from pFastBac to DH10Bac or paceBac to Multibac.
I currently have paceBac and DH10Bac and want to avoid ordering multibac if possible.
Thanks!
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It depends on the gene of interest and the type of experiment you are running. Generally speaking, if you need to perform a specialized experiment, it may be necessary to order a multibac plasmid. If you are just performing a basic experiment and your gene of interest is compatible with DH10bacs, then you can go down this route.
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I am working on oxide materials and trying to synthesize it through solid state reaction route . I want know the synthesis temperature and route (like annealing temperature and time ) so that the desired phase can be formed. Can this be predicted by the ternary phase diagram?
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The dose of any drug should be tailored to the individual animal, taking into account its age, size, and health condition. Generally, when using tamoxifen in mice, a dose of 0.25mg/kg (body weight) is recommended, administered via intraperitoneal injection.
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Am a researcher working on Efficient Routing Protocols for underwater sensor networks. Am using MATLAB tool. Can someone help me with the detailed procedure of writing an environment, reward (related to energy efficient), policy and agent.
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One more option is for you to explore NetSim. These are two useful links a. Underwater acoustic network library: https://www.tetcos.com/underwater_networks.html b. Machine learning with NetSim: https://www.tetcos.com/machine-learning-netsim.html
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Public transport routes and timetables in citys are determined through a collaborative effort between local transport authorities and public transport companies. Local authorities are responsible for identifying transportation needs in the community and working with transport companies to establish adequate routes and schedules.
When determining routes, factors such as population density, existing infrastructure, and access to key locations such as schools, hospitals, and business centers are considered. Public transport companies may also conduct surveys and collect data to determine the most efficient routes and schedules. Once routes are established, timetables are developed based on factors such as expected demand, frequency of service, and local regulations. Timetables are subject to change due to factors such as construction, traffic, and changes in demand.
How exactly is this process organized in your country (city)? What are the laws governing this process? Maybe there are review articles on the subject?
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The process of interaction between the authorities, the operator and passengers in the service of passengers by public transport is organized in a number of ways. Firstly, the authorities set the rules and regulations regarding the service and safety of passengers, which the operator must follow. This includes the number and types of vehicles available, the fares and any other requirements such as route maps or schedules.
The operator then works to ensure that these regulations are followed and that passengers have a safe, comfortable and enjoyable journey. They are responsible for providing the vehicles and drivers, as well as any other necessary services such as ticketing, customer service and route information.
Passengers are expected to follow the rules and regulations set by the authorities and the operator, and will usually contact the operator to make sure they know the rules and what is expected of them. They can also contact the authorities if they have any concerns or complaints about the service.
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I am working on the control of urban traffic networks. I have the urban traffic volume data that consist of attribute like location, route length, number of vehicles per day, ADT, ADTT and so on. How can I determine trip production or trip completion flow using historical data? The network is a large regional network i.e heterogeneous network, that requires partitioning into homogeneous subregions, the second question is how can I partition the urban traffic networks?
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To determine trip production and completion flows using historical data of an urban traffic network, you need to collect data on traffic volumes, travel times, and origin-destination patterns. Then, develop a trip matrix using a variety of methods such as the gravity model or entropy-maximizing method. Use this matrix to estimate the total number of trips produced and completed within the study area and time period. Analyze flow patterns of trip production and completion to identify spatial or temporal trends or patterns. Validate the results by comparing them to other sources of data such as travel surveys or traffic counts. It is recommended to consult with an expert in traffic engineering or transportation planning to determine appropriate methods and tools.
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fill out routing tables for the network shown in Figure 7-17, using the following charts. The network is running the RIP routing protocol. RouterA’s table has been started for you. Assume all networks are Class C networks.
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For example, using the chart provided, the routing table for RouterA would look like this. The metric is a measure of the distance between the router and the destination network, and is used to determine the best path to forward the packet. The lower the metric, the better the path.
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Generally the biodiesel contains ten percent oxygen content and it might be the reason for lowering calorific value.. any possible route to enhance the calorific value of biodiesel.
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Calorific value can be increased by maintaining the hydrogen and carbon ratio; more hydrogen means more hating value.
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to send a message using onion routing, one needs to have a list of nodes from a node directory. but in pure p2p is there a thing like "directory node" or how to send messages?
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This is a secured communication for peer to peer network where in message s is encrypted over the networks.
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Include some comparative analysis of toxicity reduction according to different microbial synthesis routes.
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“The production of quantum dots necessitates the use of very toxic precursors and solvents like TOP or TOPO, which have substantial upstream and downstream environmental consequences . There is a significant burden of organic and inorganic pollutants on air, water, and soil from the chemical production of cadmium selenide QDs. During the chemical production of CdSe, oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon are emitted into the air, while sulfur, sodium, iron, oils, and chloride ions are the primary water pollutants . As an example, conventional production utilizes the organometallic compound dimethyl cadmium as the cadmium precursor; however, dimethyl cadmium is an exceedingly poisonous, costly, and unstable solvent, making it unsuitable for large-scale synthesis . In comparison to conventional processes, microbial approaches include environmental benefits such as the capability to synthesize at room temperature and pressure, the utilization of renewable materials as electron donors, the utilization of inexpensive microbes, and the creation of biocompatible nanomaterials out of trash . The toxicity of an environment may therefore be decreased by the action of microbes.”
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In my city, passengers are transported by buses. The number of routes is very large. Many routes overlap. As a result, the costs of public transport from the city budget are high. The task is to reduce such costs by optimizing the route network. For me, any detailed information about methods for optimizing the route network of public transport is relevant. Where can you find such information?
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Dear Sergei Azemsha, I can recommend the following state-of-the-art review paper on urban transportation network design problems, including public transportation network and multi-modal network optimization. This paper will help you gain knowledge on decisions to optimize, objectives while optimizing, evaluation methods (e.g., trip assignment models, simulation software), and optimization techniques as well as proper terminology.
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I'm student in master degree in network and cybersecurity, and I have a project when I must to create a AAA architecture. But the teacher don't want we use RADIUS (because too easy :P ).
You have access to several files :
  • error_message.txt : where you can found the complete error message
  • shema.txt : the schema of network in ASCII format
  • conf_freediamter.txt : The configuration file of freediameter
  • conf_NAS.txt : The config file of CISCO switch 2960 which is the NAS
If you have need to another information, don't hesitate to ask me!
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Thank you for your answer !
But when I have re-run the network, I have noticed a little error when I have mask the real domain name. So we do have :
14:00:18 DBG [auth.rgwx] Received Diameter answer with error code '3002' from server 'aaa.galetteSaucisse.fr', session 192.168.1.2;1667653215;1;cookiehacker;aaa.galetteSaucisse.fr, translating into Access-Reject
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Pls tell him the above product synthesis
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Dear colleagues,
I'm trying to do an excited state relaxation calculation and I'm getting this error:
The step requested is out of bounds
IStep = 145 but MinStp = 1 and MaxStp = 144
Does anyone have any idea what is this error?
Here is my input route section:
# b3lyp/6-31+G(d,p) TD(Nstates= 20, root=1) scrf=(solvent=DMSO) geom=c
heck guess=read opt=(calcfc,restart,MaxCyc=252) freq nosymm
Any help will be appreciated.
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As an update to my question:
I found we have to add IOP(1/152=252), for the max cycles of SCF to work.
For example, this is part of the keyword I've used
opt=(calcfc,maxcyc=252) iop(1/152=252)
Good luck to everyone in their research!
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At the continental level, what did the spatial footprint of African trade routes look like before colonialisation?
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Not only did pre-colonial trade occur but some manufacturing also took place and so traders engaged in the sale of manufactured products. Ancient Africa traded in tobacco, gold, copper, spices, ebony, ivory, and skins.
(citation from source).
————
People in pre-colonial Africa were engaged in hunting and gathering, agriculture, mining and simple manufacturing. Agriculture involved most people, so the chapter looks mainly at farming activities. The chapter explains that farmers in those days faced two big challenges: a hostile environment and scarcity of labour.
———————-—
The very earliest evidence of African trade is described by Herodotus (c. 484-425BC) who wrote of the trade across the Sahara; a trade recorded in rock paintings dating from 10,000BC.
————
In most parts of Africa before 1500, societies had become highly developed in terms of their own histories. They often had complex systems of participatory government, or were established powerful states that covered large territories and had extensive regional and international links.
The Transatlantic Slave trade not only distorted Africa’s economic development it also distorted views of the history and importance of the African continent itself. It is only in the last fifty years that it has been possible to redress this distortion and to begin to re-establish Africa’s rightful place in world history.
The African continent is now recognised as the birthplace of humanity and the cradle of civilization. We still marvel at the great achievements of Kemet, or Ancient Egypt, for example, one of the most notable of the early African civilizations, which first developed in the Nile valley over 5000 years ago.
(Citation from:
———-—
The main items traded were gold and salt. The gold mines of West Africa provided great wealth to West African Empires such as Ghana and Mali. Other items that were commonly traded included ivory, kola nuts, cloth, slaves, metal goods, and beads.
——-—
Simple conclusion:
Colonization brought a full disruption of Africa‘s traditional trade and routes.
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The problem that I am working on is that there are 10 salesmen , 50 routes and each route travelled distance.
Now I have to allocate the routes among these 10 salesman so that overall distance covered by each salesman is almost comparable.
Basically it is a unbalanced assignment problem with multiple jobs allocation, can some one help me with query with some documentation and if possible if there is any python code/library for this.
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Dear Mr Singh,
There are numerous research papers that present interesting mathematical optimization models for this problem which is also precisely known as Human Resource Allocation Problem (HRAP). The following two review papers may help you in gaining a better understanding of the different types of formulations applied in this domain:
1. Pentico, D. W. (2007). Assignment problems: A golden anniversary survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 176(2), 774-793.
2. Bouajaja, S., & Dridi, N. (2017). A survey on human resource allocation problem and its applications. Operational Research, 17(2), 339-369.
If you can pick the right formulation for your scenario from these papers, then I hope it would be just a matter of time to implement those formulations in any solvers, even in Python or R.
You may contact me in case you are not able to access the above-listed papers.'
Best wishes,
Vishnu
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I would like to continue my research on underwater sensor network routing protocols.
As I am new to this domain, I request someone to share the source codes of Depth based routing and Vector based forwarding.
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You can look at the documentation of NetSim’s UWAN module available at https://tetcos.com/help/v13.2/Technology-Libraries/UWAN.html DBR/VBR will require some custom development (source code modification).
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Dear readers,
Kindly suggest on the following issue.
I am trying to sinter Al 6061 powder compacted sample prepared through PM route.
I have the following parameter during furnace sintering :
Stage 1: O to 350 @ 5 C/min
Stage 2: at 350 C for 30 min
Stage 3: again heating to 630 C @ 10/min
stage 4 : at 630 kept it for 5 hours
Stage 5: cooling to room temp.
I have taken the photo graph of the sintered sample after crushing and the same attached with message. So I am very doubtful about its sintered quality. It is not looking like casted Al6061after braking into fragments. I found still some powder particles are loosely bonded .
Kindly share your thoughts and experiences with your valuable advices and suggestions to be followed for getting better sintered sample .
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Binder has nothing to do with your problem. The main problem when sintering aluminum powder is oxidation. It is simply impossible to obtain oxide-free sintered aluminum alloy products using powder metallurgy. There is a material that is made from aluminum powder by sintering: SAP ( http://www.totalmateria.com/Article76.htm ), but this material has nothing to do with molten aluminum because it contains from 6 to 22% aluminum oxide. In addition, these sintered materials have to be sintered under pressure (hot pressing), because without pressure only very porous and weak sintered bodies are produced, as in your case.
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I am working with a simulation of an aircraft traversing a route where the position of the aircraft and waypoints are in the form [X, Y, Z] where X and Y are the 2D Cartesian coordinates on a flat plane and Z is the altitude from that flat plane.
However, we are now implementing routes in the real world with waypoints in the form of [Lat, Lon, alt]. What are some valid ways of converting these coordinates to a Cartesian counterpart and have them exist on a flat plane?
These routes are never more than 50 miles in one direction so I dont need to convert the entire global coordinate system, just at most 50 miles worth. Additionally, I am aware that there are ways that convert to a Cartesian coordinate system for lat/lon but they always result in a [X, Y, Z] coordinate, assuming a point on a sphere in 3D space.
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Ellis Thompson ok so you can plot in X and Y axis the latitude and longitude respectively, and plot curves of different altitudes. So your Cartesian plane will have several curves, with each curve referring to a specific altitude. You could, say, use 10 curves going from 0 meters altitude (sea level) to 10000 meters altitude, with steps between each curve of 1000 meters.
I hope I have been helpful to you!
PS probably the aircraft simulation used that convention for latitude and longitude for mere reasons of matrix calculation
Best,
Claudio
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Human activities have greatly changed the natural environment since the Industrial Revolution. Have migratory birds changed their migration routes? Why can migratory birds do this?
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In two dimensional borophene we usually discuss phases, structural and theoretical evolution of borophene.
1. But how can we differentiate the structural instability and scalability of borophene?
2. What is mean by Green Borophene ? Is this any specific kind or synthesis route ?
3. What is stable form of borophene ?
Can any one here suggest me the suitable articles related to these question or can give his/her opinion.
Thankyou
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Hello All. I know how to calculate energy fluence (W/cm^2) of a pulsed laser, but if I shift the laser beam at a certain speed (cm/s) along a route I guess energy fluence will decrese. How scanning speed affects the energy fluence into a fixed point, is there a formula available? Thank you!
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How to calculate laser scan speed?
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I am trying to understand if the administration route can influence this AAV serotype's expression in the brain.
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Thank you
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I started my research in improving energy efficiency and lifetime of WSN using ML/DL.
Thank you in advance.
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This is an example in NetSim of using different unsupervised learning algorithms to increase the WSN network lifetime
Two more examples to increase the life time but not exactly ML based
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In India the LSD is spreading rapidly. It's not possible through mechanical transmission only.
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  • The virus is also excreted via blood, nasal and lachrymal secretions, saliva, semen, and milk of infected animals (transmissible to suckling calves) that may be sources of infection to other susceptible cattle.
  • Nodules that appear on the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, rectum, udder and genitalia also ulcerate and shed sufficient viruses, which can serve as sources of infections.
  • Transmission or spread can also occur iatrogenically during mass vaccination in which single syringe and needle is used in several animals. Under this situation the needle can acquire the virus from crusts and other skin lesions and inoculate into healthy animals.
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If we need to provide some external storage of some kind to nodes (since they do not store anything in memory in a non storing mode of operation) in a RPL network, how can we do that? I need the nodes to have access to some kind of data during the downward routing in a non-storing mode of operation.
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In non-storing mode of operation nodes do not store DAO messages coming from child nodes, but only append their own address in the message. Other things remain same in storing and non-storing mode I think. As I can understand from your question that you want to access some data from the packets while they are being downward routed. That you can do easily by exploring the code of IP and RPL of RPL-lite in Contiki-NG.
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I need an easy synthetic route with good product stability. Please suggest me!
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Thanks Marc!
The paper is worth reading.
I just want to replace a COOH group by NH2.
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There are 2 cluster formation strategies:
1. Distributed stretegy
2. Centralised strategy
which one is best suited for routing in internet of vehicles?
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Dear Farhana,
Both the strategies have their pros and cons. May please refer to the following article which is relevant to the research question.
L. Qiao et al., "Research on Task Assignment Based on Hierarchical Structure for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle," 2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops), 2021, pp. 299-303, doi: 10.1109/ICCCWorkshops52231.2021.9538880.
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My model has 2 sequences and 14 stations. Each sequence uses all 14 stations but the "flight time" from one station to another differs. I have thought about using an attribute or a variable but am having a difficult time developing my model. Any help would be appreciated.
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May be helpful for your work:
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How to read bending moment and axial force in tunnels in FLAC-3D software?For example, if the tunnel route is not parallel to the main axes.
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Hi Soleiman
Your question is the question of many users of FLAC software in the field of tunneling.
I have fully explained your question in recent the FLAC 3D V 7.00.132 package, send me a message for extra information
With full respect,
Rashiddel
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I want to stain bacteria (E.coli) in a suspended state, without the conventional fixing on the slide route. Is it doable?
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Yes, staining in solution is doable, one will have to work out the concentration.
I had a protocol for staining a 1L suspension of corn starch grains with iodine stain. Such requires a large amount of stain. However, the stain results can be beautiful, a very even stain result will occur. The concentration of your subject bacteria will determine the needed concentration for the working stain solution.
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Hi,
The simulated peak in HEC HMS model is one day after the observed peak.
The method which i am using:
1. Muskingum method for routing
2. SCS curve number for loss
3. SCS unit hydrograph for Transform method
4. Constant monthly method for Baseflow
I have done changes in certain parameters just to match the peak time so, the NSE is 0.857 but percent bias is 50%.
As i am unable to figure out how to reduce this 50% percent bias.
2nd question is:
What will be the perfect duration for validation w.r.t calibration in general.
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Presenting the plots for the results from calibration will be helpful in analysing the issues in the model.
Calibration and validation time periods vary, ideally it should be an even split with statistically similar data sets. However, researches prefer to use a larger time period for calibration such that the validation results are more preferable.
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I tried the Buchwald -Hartwig amination of pyridyl 2-amino pyrimidine with 4-iodopyrazole using various Pd catalysts and Xanthphos. The iodo compound is fully consumed in the reaction. An extra spot is formed in tlc at the end of the solvent front. But after doing the column no product is formed. NMR shows no characteristic peaks. Where is the iodocompound goin? Can anybody suggest a possible synthetic route?
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Additional problem with your reaction is that 4-iodopyrazole has its own free NH group, which may be active in this reaction, producing pyrazole polymer (another explanation for "where is the iodocompound goin?" Therefore, the first thing to do is to protect the 4-iodopyrazole NH.
Also, you can try to assemble your molecule starting from pyrazole-NH-protected pyrazolo-aminopyrimidine or pyrazolo-aminopyridine, depending on the availability of the starting material. Then you can attach the missing pyrimidine or pyridine moiety. Potential benefits of this approach is a higher reactivity of 2-halopyrimidine or corresponding halogenated pyridine reagents (compared to 4-iodopyrazole).
Good luck!
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Dear All,
I’m planning to conduct a traffic count in the coming days for selected route near my university in Budapest. Currently, I'm attempting to identify the rush hour time along the route. Accordingly, I'm trying to use an approach based on real time information other than the traditional method. Underneath, please see the steps I took so far and kindly share your helpful thoughts:-
  1. I checked the tomtom previous rush hours profiles (2021, 2020 and 2019) for Budapest, which suggests the overall city rush hour to occur on Monday between 7:00 to 8:00A.M.; however, this may not be the reality in the particular route I’m considering in 2022. Therefore, I checked the Traffic Stats function of the TomTom Portal, which offers very limited dates in 2021 for the trial version and information on the speed profile couldn’t help in identifying the rush hour in the route. Therefore, please kindly share your thoughts in identifying the rush hour a selected route?
  2. Aside from the traditional approach, if you can suggest any other reliable method on the subject, that would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks in advance!
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Dear Desta: I do apologize for my misunderstanding to your question, I just took another route . Regards.
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Hello,
I'm curious to learn about resources (i.e., standard practices) regarding the creation of a survey instrument and/or analysis of micro-mobility travel mode decisions and travel behaviors (route preferences) in a university environment? Thanks and I look forward to any and all comments!
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I would love to see your findings. Please keep me posted!
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I read a thesis which used the formula v = K(S^0.5) to determine the flow velocity in a channel. The value for conveyance K was adopted from Ward and Trimble (2004) and was mentioned to be equal to 5 for a river bed composed mainly of sand and gravel. Can anybody help me find the K value for a river bed which mostly consists of boulders with patches of vegetation?
Thank you.
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Thank you everyone for replying. I had an inkling that the equation referred to the Manning's equation. That is why the thesis author using a K value of 5 by jyst looking at the channel bed surface made no sense to me. To be honest, tgat thesis smells fishy to me now.
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I have used the following parameters to simulate:
1. Loss method: SCS-CN, 2. Transform method: Clark UH, 3. Routing: Lag.
My simulated peak occurs 1 day after the observed peak.
It shows "Warning: Time of concentration increased to one time interval at subbasin X" which I'm assuming is the reason for the discrepancy.
What parameters can I adjust to shift the peak by 1 days and to esolve this error?
Thank you.
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Brahim Abdelkebir I've found that if the input time of concentration is less than your simulation time step, then it is automatically increased to match the simulation time step (24h in our cases). So you'll have to reduce the simulation time step. The output graphs will look weird but this is the only solution I could come up with.
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Which technical factors affect graphene sheet band structure?
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Moreover, about the band structure of the Graphene, sigma and pi bonds should be considered in the simulator. Sigma bonds result from an overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals, whereas pi bonds emerge from tunneling between the protruding pz orbitals. The attached image can be useful.
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I need help to come up with a possible topic proposal related to any existing problems can be in community, Hospitals, Banks which can be solved using multiple Operations Research topic. Thanks.
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This web page might provide some inspiration:
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I am trying to use HEC-HMS for streamflow modelling of a river. The thing is that I have only one gauge in my study area located at the outlet of the catchment. I've been through some materials which mention that inflow data is a basic requirement. However, the gauge flow data at the data at the outlet has to be considered as outflow data if I'm not wrong. Is there any other way to go about this?
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You can use the outlet observations for calibrating the basin parameters as well as MC parameters which depend mostly on your river cross-sections. So only outlet discharge observations is enough for modeling. You have also chance to see the modeled inflows of the channels in hms and you can compare inflow and outflow hydrographs.
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I wonder how realistic and practical are the routing attacks in RPL such as Blackhole, Sinkhole, Greyhole, Sybil etc. These attacks have been studied and solutions have been offered. But is there any known case where these attacks have actually been carried out in reality? Internet of Things devices are not like traditional computers where there are manned by a person, how can someone takes possession of such IoT devices and implement the RPL routing attacks?
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@Faisal A. Garba Till now there has been no real incident reported in this case. There are several reasons for this. One reason is the RPL is still in its development stage and not many organizations have deployment such networks. But as you know the benefits of using RPL it is going to be used in future at a very large scale and therefore security solutions for it need to be developed now. Another reason may be related to non-reporting of such cases.
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Hello,
I want to model a system in AnyLogic comprised of 10 machines. Jobs (my agents) are created and can do any sequence of machines, i.e., random routes. For instance, jobs can do:
machine1 -> machine7 -> machine2 -> exit
machine9 -> machine2 -> exit
...
So, once they exit a machine, jobs can go to any other machine.
I have modeled my machines as services, so I have 10 services. My doubt is how can I implement these random routes/sequences of services? I.e., once a job finishes a service, how can it randomly select the next one? I am aware that one option is to use multiple SelectOutput at the end of each service, but is there another way to model this?
Thanks.
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Hi,
I think that your model is assimilable as a System Dynamic for this you try to use AnyLogic (System Dynamic Module) for solving this problem, please take a look at the links.
Best regards
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Hello everyone, I’m now working on my thesis about work-family/life interface.
I got some statistical issues that Ive nearly heard it before, so I’m here to raise the question and hope someone could give the suggestion.
I’ve got and 2 mediators which mediate X-Y by dual routes. Besides, there are 2 moderators which moderator1(w) possibly would moderate x-m1 & x-m2 at first stage, the others(z) would moderate m1-y & m2-y. Forming the model is called moderated mediation.
First,
moderator1(w) is a moderator which is assessing by 2 concepts, and I looked up the literature by Kreiner(2006) suggested that it could use latent congruence model by SEM approach. And others recommended response surface regression by polynomial regression.
By reading articles, I have no idea how to use these methods to fit in my moderated mediation model. Does anyone have met such questions?
Secondly,
the x somehow could have the curvilinear effect on Y which totally mediated by m1 & m2. Is it even possible put x quadratic into latent congruence model or response surface regression into analysis the moderated mediation model?
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Typically, you would fit such a model within the framework of path analysis/structural equation modeling (SEM), which can handle mediators (indirect effects), moderators (interaction effects), and non-linear (e.g., quadratic) terms. Most books/chapters/papers on SEM will include a discussion of path analysis.
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Induction at gestation day 7 led to abortion and loss of pregnant mice. My suspicion is that my route of exposure intraperitoneal at 5mg/Kg was too high and this has been used previously by other studies in literature.
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I suggest you do a pilot study. Start with 1mg Cd /kg bd wt using a single rat followed by 2,3 ,4 and 5 (ip). If that fails change the route of administration, use the subcutaneous route.
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Hi All,
I'm working on to read data from Vissim. I've a network created, it was initially showing vehicles movement during simulation but now it's not showing. I can see VehicleNetworkPerformance results captured for few of the links, few of them are 0. This network has different routing setup for different links.
I want to see the vehicles moving in the UI. What could be the issue?