Rotorcraft - Science topic

1) Control laws (or controllers) can be applied to any plant (aircraft, vehicle, spacecraft, missile, etc.).

2) The term of flight control law applies to all air vehicles.

3) The flight control law design concept is diverse. Each control concept has advantages and disadvantages. While the differential PI control you asked about has some advantages, it has the disadvantage of being susceptible to noise due to differential effects. And while the NDI (Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion) control applied to the F-35 is sensitive to model uncertainty, if the model is accurate, it has the advantage that it can be commonly applied to A, B, and C versions with one control structure. This is because only OBM (On-Board Model) needs to be replaced. In addition, sensor-based INDI (Incremental NDI) is a method that is quite robust to model uncertainty, but it is difficult to obtain the measured angular acceleration, and the use of a filter that minimizes noise is essential when the angular velocity is differentiated from the IMU sensor. is. And although it has the characteristic of reducing the stability margin of the system (especially the phase margin), the stability margin is quite robust against uncertainty. Hybrid INDI, which takes advantage of these two control methods, is sometimes used.

4) IFS (In Flight Simulator) is a method that can be safely verified with an aircraft platform that has already been tested when developing a flight control computer or a new flight control rule. In other words, new functions can be efficiently verified while ensuring flight safety by using the already verified flight control system for take-off and landing and verifying the function with the newly developed flight control rule in a specific flight condition.

Look here for some reference information:

As vladimar said and also this article may be helpful to you: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2840/ed716dc5cb9a5e3521a039bdccd5c2a918b3.pdf

I think this is a good question. Noise is a drawback for rotocraft.

But it is unavoidable, like helicoper. But we can reduce it with low rotation speed. Increase the dimension and number of blades is good choice. If you want to eliminate the noise, maybe you can try fixed wing or flap wing.

I mean a fluid loop working on the condenser of a active cryogenic cooler.

I fully agree with Jochens concerns and rather recommend you use "non-invasive" methods for outlier control:

Your formula is correct. But some papers simply use K/(Mg + Ca), and some use soil cations whereas others use forage cations, so these factors may be the cause of the discrepancy :)

Filament is of tungsten so possibly around 2200 C. May be Wiens law lambda T=0.29cmK will help. Common wavelengths are infra red and visible. 

You can also take a look at ISO 4287 and 4288.

I remember there was a table referring to the required minimum profile length.

Good luck

There can be numerous reasons like your computer might be overheated, computer hardware failure, OS / software corruption, computer virus / malware infection etc.  You can try reboot your computer & if it still can't reboot, you might want to bring to some computer technicians for further diagnosis & repair.  You can also refer to the following link for possible reasons of  your computer's sudden shut down:

in this blocking temperature is change very small with respect to frequency which change from 92 to 93 K with 1 to 1000 Hz

and i fit arhenius law in which spin flip time is 0s and expectation energy is very high why????? 

exactley

Although CATIA will let you do most simulations, you might want to look into more specialized softwares depending on the type of simulation you're trying to run

Dear khouloud;

you can follow the attached file. It explains step by step how you can center you tabular in lyx

good luck;

The aerosol field in the atmosphere is a function of three spatial variables (latitude, longitude and hight above the terrain), size of the aerosol particle, and time. This field describes mass of the aerosol particles (with a given radius) per unit volume. The evolution of this field is governed by the advection diffusion equation with terms describing scavenging, nucleation, stochastic coagulation, and chemical reactions. In addition you have to specify the surface and volume emission rates, as well as the boundary conditions. The problem of solving such an equation is not trivial and most often we refer to the numerical methods. Most of practical solutions for the tropospheric applications are obtained within the framework of an air pollution transport models such as WRF/CHEM

(For the simple option of dust particles please see section 4.3.1).

Alternatively you can try to perform some simplified estimates based on the analytical solution of the equations which could be obtained for the idealized meteorological conditions. If you specify more details of your problem I can assist you by providing some practical formula to be used for this purpose.

For the case of the stratospheric aerosol all equations are derived and discussed in the paper High-Resolution Modeling of Size-Resolved Stratospheric Aerosol (J. Atm. Sci., Oct 15, vol. 55, pp. 3127-3147) available at:

The paper is also useful as a general introduction to the problem of aerosol in the atmosphere.

As such air gap, between rotor and stator is increasing the reluctance( decreases permeability) of magnetic circuit completed. To avoid this, nowadays some oil filled motor comes in existence, which reduces reluctance and friction with better cooling, but increases the maintenance and cost of machines, compare to machines with air gap between stator and rotor.Refer my answer,' can oil be used in air gap......'.