Science topic

River Bed Sediment - Science topic

Explore the latest questions and answers in River Bed Sediment, and find River Bed Sediment experts.
Questions related to River Bed Sediment
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
2 answers
Hello Everyone, I am working on paleoclimate of northwest Australia. I have been searching for the sediment discharge/sediment load of ''Ord River'', ''Victoria River'' and ''Fitzroy River'' but cannot find it anywhere. Can anyone guide me where can i find the sediment discharge data of the mentioned rivers?
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
It depends on what sort of data you want - often monitoring of rivers is poor, especially for sediment data. This kind of work might be useful to you:
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
2 answers
Dear All,
I have an issue regarding a sediment transportation simulation. I have computed the sediment transport rate based on a 20 years wave climate, and simulated the sediment drift for the total time span and either by monthly filtering of the data, the monthly sediment transport is also computed. However there is a problem that the summation of monthly sediment transport is much more than what I have calculated for the total time span. Is it possible this happening? Is there any reason behind this?
I appreciate it if you could share your Idea with me.
Best
Saeideh
Relevant answer
Answer
There are several potential reasons, which are hard to distinguish based on what you've written. However, the 'obvious' answer is that sediment transport is ALWAYS a timescale-dependent parameter. The cumulative answer will always be larger the shorter the timescale you are applying it to. This was discussed in some seminal papers like de Vriend et al (1991) and Cowell et al (2003), along with some discussion by Pilkey. For a 'light version' try Gallop et al (2015). It is one of the concepts behind 'morphological' parameters.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
These two images are 1.15 mm wide. Both types of magnetic particles have been extracted from river sand- the rounded ones from construction sites and more irregular ones from dried-up riverbeds. The rounded-grained samples have been subject to mechanical smoothing action pre- and post-extraction, while more irregular-shaped magnetic particles have not undergone any severe mechanical erosion. Both sand samples are need not be chemically the same. The rounded magnetic particle samples are likely to be magnetite as they are strongly magnetic. But the more irregular-shaped grains are weakly but certainly magnetic. What they can be - chromite, ilmenite, zircon, garnet, amphibole, pyroxene, or any other mineral?
Even if the exact mineral name cannot be said, can the mineral family be identified by observing its fracture and cleavage?
Relevant answer
Answer
You have two options to use, field or laboratory methods.
In the field there are only handmagnets (Type Wilke) for different field strength values with adjustible working distances (for separation of Fe oxides, Fe-(Mg) silicates) , etching with HCl and and alkaline solutions such as (KOH) mainly for alteration zones and a couple of pycnometer and balance to determine the specific gravity of minerals which covers a rather wide range. These field method which needs some experience are good for grouping of mineral groups (ferromagnetic-diamagnetic..), solubilities and density. I have a so-called "Emergency kit for applied geosciences" which contains all these items and more, e.g., (hand) lenses of larger magnification Moh´s hardness set, UV lamp, diamond tester (useful also for topaz, corundum varieties etc,). I have built up the kit over a long period of time along with increasing practical experience gathered in the field mainly for heavy mineral exploration and soft rocks.
It may be enough for exploration but it is insufficient for a precise identification which can only been done in the lab using polished sections - see Dr. Grundmann´s suggestions-, XRD, SEM-EDX/WDX, and EMPA.
HGD
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
21 answers
Dear colleagues,
I struggle to identify these sediments, which I suspect to be fluvio-glacials deposits alluvial from melting glaciers in Eemian.
The area where this conglomerate is exposed have a bed from recent Riss and located 500 km from the Alps (eastern France)...
I'm not expert, so I would be grateful for anyhelp.
In the geological map, I cercled in violet the light yellow area (Recent Riss).
Thank you !
Relevant answer
Answer
The paleoenvironment of this deposit should be studied according to the facies associations. But according to you, and as well as the roundness of the grains, it is probably a glaciofluvial deposit.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
I want to map these river geoforms with as little subjectivity as possible. I have a high resolution DEM generated by drone data.
Relevant answer
Answer
Perhaps this professor may have the answer
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
8 answers
I need to analyze the movement of a river's curves and predict its behavior in the future.
Thanks!
Relevant answer
Answer
I mentioned Rivermorph software, but if you are not aware of David Rosgen and his works at www.wildlandhydrology.com it would probably be worth looking into. Probably since a couple of decades ago, Rivermorph and Rosgen have been collaborating. Most of the Rosgen approach relies on and uses field data collection. If you are only using remote sensing, obtaining LIDAR coverage would help. If water is clear enough, green LIDAR can help with channel depth estimates, as the LIDAR pulses are absorbed by water. Probably obtaining the past aerial photos will help greatly. I have seen examples of presentations which combined the aerial photos to help display how the meanders changed with time.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
12 answers
Please suggest a high graphical resolution software for River Bed Modeling for high and regular flows. Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Rivermorph software requires quite a bit of river channel and cross section data and having the Rosgen training courses helps bring out its capabilities. They have a short term trial version of Rivermorph available with some examples. I attached the users manual to give you an idea of capability. If the water is clear enough, mapping the channel system with green LiDAR may be helpful in mapping the approximate channel detail. http://freedom.dicea.unifi.it/massimo.rinaldi/RiqFluv%20IAT/RIVERMorph%20manual.pdf
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
I would like to have a case study on river bed sediments.
Relevant answer
Answer
The US Geological Survey has a number of studies and shown sampling equipment for various size streams and rivers. Usually rivers are sampled for bedload at bridges, using manual or automated cable or crane to raise and lower sampler at various locations of stream/river cross section. This can be very hazardous work, and review of USGS safety plan would also be appropriate, or do a trial run with an experienced professional or technician.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
31 answers
I have been searching for some articles which may address the problem mentioned above. I could find some excellent papers dealing with origin of red beds in sand dunes but hardly any dealing with fluvial deposits of Holocene or Late Pleistocene.
Any help in this regard is welcomed.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dr Jérôme Juilleret additions to the photo nicely highlight the depositional and post-depositional events of this sequence. Although the oxidation can be caused by several processes, in profiles such as this, it has been my experience in the western U.S., southern Italy, Jordan and Iran, that they occur under conditions of fluctuating water table, and their location in a profile is often linked to zones of lateral movement of ground water across a sedimentary profile due to the presence of zones of increased grain size. These more permeable units allow more rapid movement ground water. When these units occur at the top of the ground water table, oxidation also commonly occurs. The variable occurrence of these units in your profile more than likely record different levels of your water table
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
15 answers
i am doing research in runoff and sediment yield for kabul river basin in Afghanistan by SWAT model but i am new in using SWAT can you help me how to solve the problem of the attach ?
Relevant answer
Answer
This is a data issue for the soil. The soil lookup and the soil database are not properly linked.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
I need your help in finding literature on the evolution of a river bar in the tide-dominated delta. Also, I want to know about the methodology which I can follow to know about the evolution/formation of a river bar.
Thanks in advance
Supriti
Relevant answer
Answer
Maybe, this book can help you, "FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY" Ro Charlton.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
ASTER DEM and SRTM images are widely used to measure the topographic variability around the globe. Although when it comes about the River bed variation, the measurement looks different for different images. So, are they really useful source for River bed measurement? and if yes, Which one show better result?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Dr. Hack,
Thank you so much for your constructive inputs and the information.
I am also concern about the soil, vegetation related to the river course. My prime concern is the sand bar and river dynamics that make difficult to ensure about actual bed variations. Is it possible to differentiate this variations from DEM by using other data like google earth images?
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
7 answers
Research area-topic.
Relevant answer
Answer
good discussion,  sediment management is a big issue.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
In order to control frequent flooding in small rivers (width in ranges of 100-300 ft) what steps are to be taken.
Relevant answer
Answer
This is a good problem for your local hydrologists and geomorphologists.  The flooding may be natural or affected by channel aggradation due to excess sediment from severe erosion upstream within watershed.  It is possible to deepen a river, but this may not last, and can cause a base level shift affecting upstream areas.  In sandy channel bottoms, avulsion and upstream gullying are possible.  Braided streams are an indicator of excess sediment, and it takes a strong vegetation component to stabilize them (anastomosed).  Channelization of rivers often causes effects and continuing needs for maintenance, and especially so when frequent flooding is mentioned that suggests a braided system or a system where channel aggradation has occurred, thus reducing the capacity of bankfull channel, which floods on average every year or two.  If frequent flooding term used means every year or two, the channel system may be in balance.  
Deepening of a coastal river to ocean can increase salt water influence upstream.  In some instances, installing J hooks or cross vanes can reduce bank stress, allow for deepening of thalweg, provide grade control and help move sediment to reverse aggradation.  
There are many things to consider. 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
I have read about extraction methods of organochlorine pesticides in sediments and fish tissue using microwave for specific organic compounds, but I don't have this equipment at my institution. Could you direct me to another method with good recovery?
Relevant answer
Answer
soxhlet extraction  but I prefer US extraction will not take less time 
as mentioned by Dr. Polesello  Solvent are ( Hexane and DCM)
kind regards
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
Hi Dear researcher 
Could you please offer me any reliable reference regarding estimating the age of a lake considering the entrance of constant salt rate in a certain year and existing the amount of salt equivalent to amount of salt solved within lake as precipitated on its bed?
Thanks.
Relevant answer
Answer
I believe water residence time only tells the age of the water inside the lake - how long has the water been inside that particular lake. This apply exclusively to the water itself and not necessarily to the dissolved substances - 'salt' in your question since solutes are subject to bio-geochemical processes along their pathway and may not reflect the age of the lake water itself. 
Remember, incoming water might also flows from subsurface of that lake depending on morphometry of your lake and this could complicate your later conclusion.
Therefore, to estimate the age of a lake, you may want to do carbon dating of core sediment of the lake.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
What is the best method to analyze the water quality in a river using "pollution loads". 
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Chathura Nammuni Arachchi 
I agree with Prof. Bachir
but before to use model you have fitst to define the pollution sources and non pollution sources of the river and them choose the sampling stations carefully  and start to monitor your samples and after that you can run the model and compare your data with what expected from model and if so you can use the model ,
regards
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
What equations can be used to derive the parameter? I am only aware of  k= 6.8*D50.
Any article suggestions?
Relevant answer
Answer
There are a bunch of formulae relating ks to various percentiles (generally D50, D84 or D90) of the bed-surface grain-size distribution. See for instance Millar (1999). Millar, R. G. (1999), Grain and form resistance in gravel-bed rivers, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 37(3), 303-312.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
10 answers
Does anyone have or know of any long-term temporal records for sediment grain size (and sorting) on sandy beaches. 
We have produced a model that was found to be applicable on a number of the high-energy, cross-shore dominated, sandy UK beaches: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025322716300494
and would be interested in evaluating its applicability to other sandy sites.
Kind Regards,
Sam
Relevant answer
Answer
As far as I know Prof. K. S. Jayappa in Marine science Department of Mangalore University has such data on western coastal area of the Arabian Sea. I do not have his email address.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
9 answers
River morphology, Hydrology, Sediment load,Geomorphic process
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
2 answers
I  need paper upon sequence stratigraphy of offshore indus basin, can anyone help? 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
2 answers
What are the main differences and similarities between Functional and Structural sediment connectivity?
Can we say they are acting in watersheds independently?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Saeed,
You can think of 'structural' features as elements that exist in the landscape or environment, even when there is no runoff or sediment transport (i.e. during dry weather). They might include the location and dimensions of patches of bedrock outctop, or patches of plants, or gullies, rills, roads, bunds, etc. 'Functional' connectivity means how the connectivity actually operates when the system is transporting water and sediment. This would clearly depend on things like the length of time rain lasts, how intense the rain is, how wet the soil might already have been when rain began. Structural connectivity in general would only change relatively slowly, but the 'functional' connectivity could change from minute-to-minute or over hours.
Hope this helps,
best wishes
David
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
9 answers
I am trying to estimate discharge for ungauged river basin and I have two or three measured discharge data and daily suspended sediment concentration of the river for past six months. 
Relevant answer
Answer
Normally, daily sediment concentration doesn't maintain a good correlation with daily discharge. The scatter is too much to derive a relationship even if we have records of both. However, in a glacial environment, as in your project, the sediment concentration is expected to bear a better relationship with discharge, as more discharge straightaway means more erosion. Still, your discharge data points are too few for prediction purpose. How about bringing in temperature and rainfall data (from satellite sources) also into the picture? 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
Specifically focused on damage created by ohv use.
Unfortunately I have only the winter months to compile data. 
Thanks!
Relevant answer
Answer
Sarah, I'm not sure I understand what you want to do. If the water is frozen then it does not carry sediment (if it were, it would need to be over 30 m thick and then we'd call it a glacier). So what is loading the creek with sediment? Wind? Or offroad vehicles being driven on the banks? 
Anyway, if you have water underneath a frozen lake then you can use a SediMeter to monitor sediment accumulation. In fact, my very first prototype field test was made under the ice of a lake in Sweden, and detected the accumulation of the so called winter fur, the organic matter that settles under the winter ice but gets resuspended at Spring.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
7 answers
I currently read studies about hydraulic River Geometry. In the context of Erosion Rates in Alluval Channels, the term Control Point was mentioned.
The wording is, "...alluvial channels may erode their beds through time if their downstream control point lowers."
Does it have to do something with the base level?
Relevant answer
Answer
Base level is the lowest point a river section can flow to, such as lake or ocean level but sometimes mention of base level term is informally used as a term to discuss some major shift downstream in channel that activates channel degradation, as the channel control point(s) has(have) changed.  Control points generally refer to a grade control, but also the term is sometimes the term control is used to describe the controlling feature specific to a location at a certain flow value or water level elevation. With time and flow rate, the vertical channel control of degradation may be a root, exposed sill, log, shoal or bedrock, and in locations where discharges during floods must squeeze through a constrained geologic pinch point, lateral controls may contribute to rate and extent of channel degradation.  
In response to the quote and my exposure and work in gully systems, it is easy to become very aware of the changes in control as gully nickpoint(s) episodically move headward in response to change, with channels actively extending, degrading, expanding and other areas downstream aggrading or accumulating sediments.  But is not unusual to find natural or anthropogenic encouraged circumstances where an aggraded section has accumulated too much or sediment loading is reduced and headcutting and degradation results in deep valley gullies which abandon the recent floodplain.  
So there are certain permanent geologic control features and also less permanent to temporary control features that affect and control channel grade and substrate erosion.  There may be times that permanent controls are buried by sediments or other times when certain vertical controls of erosion depth are ineffectual when discussing a certain stream flood elevation, as another feature is actually the control.
However, this is my field based understanding, reasoning and have not researched or published relative to the subject.  But in informal discussions, when someone discusses baselevel changes due to activities like channel mining or dredging, I know they are not discussing shifts in ocean or lake base level, but the altering of the local in-channel controls that can cause localized changes similar to what one my expect of a base level shift.  So there needs to be some leeway as these terms are similar in intent, but not always applied the same way.
But take the Niagara Falls as an example, for contributing streams, that substantive feature is probably more of a base level control than the ocean.  So perhaps there will be some further responses that may help more properly define the terms, where they apply and how they should be used.  Obviously, local changes in channel controls can produce changes like headcutting and channel expansion that appear similar to base level shifts, even if the ocean base level is perhaps rising.  So to some degree, a generic use of the term "base level" may be justified, rather than sticking with just changes in the ocean, as one can find instances where ocean level shift are not responsible for or in sync with shifts far upstream or in headwaters. 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
Because some of river stretch unreachable/not accessible to do kick-sampling due to high/fast flow, too high to go down and etc.
Relevant answer
Answer
There are standardised colonisation chambers for sampling macroinvertebrates in sites with poor physical habitat. In the UK there are cylindrical chambers made of plastic which are about 20cm in height/diameter. I haven't used them for many years but I presume they are still available. I think other standard chambers are used elsewhere around the world. I think you would be able to screw/bolt something like that directly to a concrete channel.
Another possibility is air-lift sampling, which in the UK is used in deep rivers but generally with soft sediments. This method sucks up invertebrates remotely, so you will actually be sampling what is there in the habitat provided rather than sampling what would be there if the habitat were better (which is what you sample using a colonisation chamber).
What you do really depends on what questions you are trying to answer. Clearly you are dealing with a hostile artificial environment which has limited physical habitat provision, so if you are trying to highlight this then you need a method that will sample the invertebrates that manage to cope with that habitat - modified airlift sampling might work. If you're trying to highlight the recolonisation potential following some form of physical habitat restoration or improvement, then recolonisation chambers would be better. These better reflect the potential for invertebrate drift from upstream areas (hopefully of better physical habitat quality, and also of good watger quality) to provide colonists for restored habitat through the urban section. Using both types of method would provide information about both the quality of existing habitat conditions and the benefits of habitat improvement.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
2 answers
Hi, I am working on bridge-scour phenomena under different hydraulic conditions. The main goal is to propose a practical way for estimating the temporal-evolution of local-scour depth under complex scenarios. Is there anyone interested in share pier-scour data? (steady, quasi-steady, unsteady or natural data will be much appreciated).
Relevant answer
Answer
There are numerous works for the development of a scour hole around a cylinder under steady flows, e.g Roulund et al(2005). As for unsteady flows, William's field data are really valuable. 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
Is it feasible to separate/isolate the heavy metals (or inorganic compounds, in general) in riverbed sediments? And if it is, what is the best/cheapest way to do so? We are planning to measure the toxicity of the isolated compounds by exposing them to bioluminescent bacteria.
Relevant answer
Answer
I forgot to mention, organics can sometimes be attached or even grow into the bedrock, boulders, cobbles, gravel, etc.  This material may have roots embedded into the rock fractures, or on other instances need to be scrubbed to remove.  This may or may not be an issue with your circumstances.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
Does anybody know how to calculate the intermittency in the river?
Relevant answer
Answer
I was indirectly involved with a study of stream permanence and source waters with South Carolina DHEC and EPA in SC.  North Carolina has some of this source water issue measuring and attempting to type streams by their flow permanence.  One of the tools used was a HOBO instrument that they may have modified to do this, that when the water came up, it would record the time that the current could be measured between the probes, and when the water was not flowing, no current could pass signally it was dry.  By installing at various sites along a stream, they could tell how many days or hours of flow during the year, and could compare that with rainfall and time of year, other permanent stream gauging stations, etc.  There were periods of repeated wet-dry that made it difficult to interpret the fine detail.  
If you have some stream gauging stations in the vicinity with real time recording, you can find out when low flows are occurring by reviewing the streamflow or well data or it is just real dry for an extended period and trees are growing, pulling stream water down to a relatively low flow, then just walk up some stream sections and see where the flow permanence breaks into intermittent pools to dry conditions.  
Probably the best is to install a recording transducer for water level in the stream of interest.  The HOBO transducers are the least expensive that I am aware of.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
8 answers
I would like to discuss with anyone who has studied and surveyed water mills and their interactions with the river beds, or I would have some suggestions of publications to read or download from the network. It would also be nice to be able to exchange research experiences gained in the different countries of origin. Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Don,
1894 book with penstock waterwheels if you have not found it yet. PDF with text smaller and still retains good images.
JAG
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
I am carrying out a research on flood hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment for a rural community in Nigeria using Remote sensing and GIS techniques. I'm looking specifically at 2 extreme flood scenarios in 1995 and 2000 respectively. interaction with the villagers prove that serious sedimentation has taken place in the major river there. This reduction in the channel volume puts them at risk of flooding anytime they experience a particular rainfall intensity. How can I estimate the degree of sedimentation in this river using GIS. More so, any other counsel that will help in this study is welcome. Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you very much william, this is really helpful and I'm talking with community right now..I'm currently carrying out an analysis on the entire watershed
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
I have been coming across this term for more than 10 times still do not understand it, I have not found any simple or comprehensive meaning of the term, but it appears a lot in the literature I read for my research.
Relevant answer
Answer
If a researcher measures something over a period of time or applies an equation that was developed, but did not measure the full extent or period that is desired for the estimate, it is important to note the data was extrapolated.  Perhaps a study was on a smaller hydrologic unit or sampled sediment transport based on a few storms and various flows, but was unable to sample bankfull or floods, the rate found may be extended to higher flows based on sediment data relationship with flow , but in doing so is extrapolated data, not sampled.  It is most often used when someone is predicting and doesnt have full data to support the extremes or period or specific circumstances.  It is not unusual to see this, and is somewhat based on the authors professionalism and integrity to extrapolate when there is reason to do it, such as with well correlated data, and avoid extrapolating when no reason to do.  If I took 1000 stream samples, but seldom sampled during stormflow, it would not be appropriate in most instances to exttrapolate this for sediment averages, extremes, total, etc.  If I took data from one storm, it would not be appropriate to extrapolate to all storms.  I hope that helps.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
8 answers
This piece of material is curved, however I thought it was 'natural' originally, but the marks on the inner curvature appear to human-made and unlikely to be made by any natural process. It was found in the Tolka river in Griffiths Park, Drumcondra 53.369719, -6.261221
Can anyone shed any light?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thomas,
One way to check if it is cement asbestos is to take a sharp knife and carefully shave a flat spot on the lateral edge. Use a fiber mask so as to not breath any particles. You can then take a loupe and inspect the fresh surface. You should see some fibrous material in the matrix.
I have been analyzing prehistoric and historic artifacts for over 35 years. It sometimes takes me a while to remember where I've seen something before.
Best,
JAG
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
1 answer
I am looking for any research that has been already done to develop and establish the Environmental Quality Standards for priority substances for freshwater sediments matrix across Europe (EU-Member States in particular). Any papers, links, guidelines produced so far would be of great help to me. 2013/39/EU Directive gives MS the possibility to use EQS values for sediment and I am trying to find out if any MS has done any activity in order to apply those EQS values. Thank you for your help in advance. 
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Michal,
in Germany have been done several investigations regarding the setting of EQS values, including for sediment. The most recent study you can find here (prepared for the National Environmental Agency), but it is in German:
You find the EQS (the German abbreviation is UQN) proposals for the sediment in table 2. Further, regarding your question in terms of practical application of the EQS, I can inform you that we made several studies in relation with lower environmental quality objectives for regions where the natural background of metals in rivers in elevated. For the moment we have only one publication of our recent work which is in German, dealing with the metal concentration in the West Harz region, where the EQS for some metals are not met and lower environmental objectives are required. There your can find data for water and sediment, which are real measured data of the West Harz region.The respective publication you find here:
Another publication on this subject is submitted and will be hopefully published soon, there we investigated the same subject for the whole county Saxony-Anhalt in Germany. Further, at the IMWA conference in July we will present data for the whole Harz mountains, covering West Harz in Lower Saxony and East Harz in Saxony-Anhalt. Just for your information, we did this kind of study also for Northrhine-Westfalia and Thuringia, but these data are not yet published. Interesting in our studies is that we can use a data pool of usually a whole county as we work with the authorities and we have available the whole monitoring data set. Usually the data set for sediment or suspended matter is much smaller, but there are data. What we can conclude from our investigations, which had the focus on metals, is that there are regions which can not meet the EQS due to natural conditions and they will have exemptions in terms of the WFD targets as well as lower environmental objectives. In the frame of the work on the metals we developed also an approach for the determination of the natural background, which is subject of the abovementioned publication and which was recently adopted for the implementation of the Surface Water Direction in Germany (this is the German implementation Directive for the WFD).
Best regards,
Petra
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
7 answers
For my Senior thesis I am conducting sedimentation and deposition research on the Chattahoochee river in West Point Ga. There is a particular creek that brings in a large load of sediment into the river and I am trying to determine how much of that sediment gets dropped immediately after the confluence, up to 500 meters. I've placed sediment traps, one before the creek and one every 100 meters after the confluence. Once data is gathered what would be the best statistic to use in this research.
Relevant answer
Answer
I wish I had equipment you could borrow.  There are alot of things going on below a dam with clean water effect.  I will try to send you info or you can look it up.  I appreciate your energy and interest.  Make sure in sampling you are in same facet (ie, riffle, pool or run would probably be better than glide).  You might try talking to USGS and they might loan you some spare equipment.  When possible, always best to use standard equipment.  But do the best as you can, think, observe, try, learn.  You will be fine.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
Which part of the sediment particle size is the most important? Clay or silt? why?
Relevant answer
Answer
Since water pollutants are chemical in nature and very minute too, their transfer through sediments will have a lot to do with porosity and drainage. Silt has a porosity of about 25% while clay has a porosity of about 30%, slightly more porous than silt. The higher the porosity the higher its water retention ability and the lower its drainage. It follows that silt has a higher drainage ability compared to clay and is likely to transfer  water pollutants more. As to which one of them being more important, it depends on your point of view. From my point of view, both are important since clay retains more pollutants while silt drains more pollutants.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
In literature some times to account for semi-pervious sediments at bottom of stream, streambed leakance also called retardation coefficient (L) is used which is equal to ratio of conductivity of aquifer to streambed multiplied by thickness of streambed. On other hand another term seems to describe the effect of same less permeable sediments on bottom of river named as " Riverbed conductance" (L2/T) used in MODFLOW, which is equal to KA/L, where K is conductivity of riverbed , A is area of cell and L is length. Is this the only difference between these two terms?
Relevant answer
Answer
Streambed leakance (T-1) is hydraulic conductivity of the streambed (L/T) divided by the streambed thickness (L).  Streambed conductance is as you defined it: KA/L (L2/T).  To go from streambed leakance to streambed conductance you multiply by the area of the model cell.  To obtain leakage through the streambed (L3/T), you multiply the streambed conductance by the hydraulic head difference between the water level in the stream and the water level in the aquifer.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
7 answers
I need some information about the sediment characteristics vs season to justify my research findings.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear sirs,
thank you very much for the valuable answers
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
8 answers
Just like in water, there are many national and inter national authorities  (USEPA, BIS, WHO, CPCB etc ) which publish the permissible limit of various physico-chemical as well as heavy metals in water for drinking or irrigation purposes. River water sediment also contain nutrients, trace elements and heavy metals. Any maximum permissible limit for that?
Relevant answer
You may get more information through Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines - Canadian Sediment Quality Guideline
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
Scientific literature constantly cited, among mangrove services, the role of sediment trap and water epuration. In the Lesser Antilles mangrove ecosystems mainly consist in fringe mangroves with few examples of riverine or deltaic mangroves. Moreover, in most of these riverine mangroves, channels were dug and waters no longer flow in their natural riverbed. In these current configuration, I am wondering if riverine mangrove along these artifical channels are effectively playing a role as a sediment trap.
I am looking for experimental protocols to assess the amount of sediments that are trapped in various geomorphological conditions in mangroves of the Lesser Antilles. Could you give me references that describe precisely experimental monitoring or methods for evaluating this ecosystem service ?
Relevant answer
Answer
Felix,
To provide a wider context for your enquiry my idea would be to conduct a literature search using the keywords ("sediment budget" mangrove*).
For me this yielded an interesting paper by Wolanski et al (1998) see link below. If you look at Wolanski's full body of work on ResearchGate you should see many other useful publications on trapping of fine sediments by mangroves.
I attach a UNEP 2006 report concerning mangroves on Pacific islands which reviews the ecosystem services that they provide - see pages 5-9 of the report attached.
A paper by Kitheka et al (2002) reports on the sediment filter properties of mangroves in various states of degradation - attached.
The paper by Brander et al (2012) see link below demonstrates how to create a valuation of the ecosystem services provided by mangroves.
I wish you success with your research.
Malcolm Bray
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
Equations and methods to estimate the total sediment load in bedrock rivers.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Leonardo,
There is a program specifically for sediment simulations called "ssiim". I have not used the last version but in the previous versions there were two methods available for such works: changes in the velocity and changes in the density. Maybe some more methods are available in newer versions.
Good luck,
Mohammadali
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
I need to know if am using salt as tracers if boating will affect the dispersion coefficient as I will be required to paddle from one point to another to take electrical conductivity readings. Also, I need a well-explained document on how I can do measurements like velocity, discharge, slope, depth, bed roughness on a river.
Relevant answer
Answer
The attached shows one method for velocity and discharge estimation Imokhai.
Regards, John
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
6 answers
I was wondering if it is possible to find papers concerning lateral variations of dissolution due to sedimentary loading. I have found some works at a micro-scale but nothing at meso-scale. Thank you very much in advance for your help.
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Matonti,
thank you for your suggestion, very useful!
Yours sincerely,
Lorenzo
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
1 answer
I am starting from Jorgen Fredsoe paper in Feb. 1978 entitled "Sedimentation of River Navigation Channels" in Journal of Hydraulics Division.
Do new ways of obtaining analytical solutions to this process exist?
Thanks in advance
Best regards
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear  Jean-Michel Tanguy 
The longitudinal current erodes the concave side and sedimentation in the convex side, and this is where comes accumulated sediments downstream and near the pillars of bridges and usually causes transverse channels of the diversion of water.
So we will have:
Protect the banks undergoing erosion upstream.
If possible to create turbulence by aerators in the points ther it exist stagnation of sediment to the pushed further.
Le courant longitudinale provoque une érosion dans le coté concave et une sédimentation dans le coté convexe, et c'est là ou provienne les sédiments accumulés en aval et près des piliers d'ouvrages d'art et cause généralement des chenaux transversale du au détournement de l'eau.
Donc il va falloir :
Protéger les rives qui subissent une érosion en amont.
Si possible de créer une turbulence par des aérateurs dans les points ou il Ya une stagnation de sédiments afin de les repoussés plus loin.
Best regards
Chellat
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
9 answers
How does the geomorphology effect the River hydrodynamic regime during flash floods?
Relevant answer
Dear Alban, geomorphology may affect river´s hydrodynamic regime, not only during the flash floods, which are rapid responses to a high intensity rainstorm, but also after the flash flood, since there could happen several modifications in the landscape, due to a flash flood. These modifications may include bank erosion, river and flood plain siltation, etc. These geomorphological modifications may, in the long term cause influence in the river´s hydrodynamic regime.
Best wishes,
Maria do Carmo
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
I am looking for any agri-environmental indicators that I can calculate or work with using data from monitoring of sediments in lakes and rivers (monitoring of heavy metals, PAHs, PCB). Any relevant papers or guidance would be of great value to me.
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for your answers.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
We are planning to collect ditch sediment from Rio Grande do Sul region, RS, Southern Brazil in soils receiving high amount of pig slurry and manure under no-till. Could anyone recommend a sampling depth?
Thanks
Relevant answer
Answer
Many thanks Prof. Antonio Guerra and Andreas Kaiser. Prof. Antonio, our main objective is to make the assessment  for P and heavy metals.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
1 answer
I am planning to write an article on the topic "Comminution age technique and its application in the sediment records to reconstruct the fluvial activity in response to climate variability". Since I am unable to access the required materials online, I need favor on this. Can any one elaborate something on this? 
Thanks
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Mr. Bhattarai,
comminution depends upon the setting (climatologically and geomorphologically driven) and the mineral undergoing comminution. So far we know only the most widespread process in the study area and nothing else. These are too many unknown parameters to solve the equation. You should give full particulars in this sense to obtain  reasonable answers.
Best regards
H.G.Dill
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
Would higher sediment diversity lead to higher crab species diversity?
Relevant answer
Answer
Culver, S. J., Leorri, E., Corbett, D. R., Mallinson, D. J., Shazili, N. A. M., Mohammad, M. N., et al. (2013). Infaunal mangrove swamp foraminifera in the Setiu Wetland, Terengganu, Malaysia. The Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 43: 262-279.
Andreetta, A., Fusi, M., Cameldi, I., Cimò, F., Carnicelli, S., & Cannicci, S. (2014). Mangrove carbon sink. Do burrowing crabs contribute to sediment carbon storage? Evidence from a Kenyan mangrove system. Journal of Sea Research, 85, 524-533.
Ellison, J.C. (2009). Geomorphology and sedimentology of mangroves. In : Coastal wetlands: An integrated ecosystem approach (eds. Perillo, G., Wolanski, E., Cahoon, D. and Brinson, M). Pp: 565-591.
Lee, S. Y. (2008). Mangrove macrobenthos: assemblages, services, and linkages. Journal of Sea Research, 59: 16-29.
You can find relevant information in these articles......................
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
Does anyone know of any publications that specifically research sediment deposition downstream of culverts or other flow focusing structures to determine how far downstream the effect goes?  There are perirheic zones where the water just goes and sits without moving, collecting large organic debris from my observations, but how far until the deposited sediment regains normalicy?
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
6 answers
I have collected few sediment sample from drain and riverbed and analyzed for metals and other parameters. I want to compare my findings with respect to some standards, like published by US EPA etc.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
11 answers
It is known that building dams will accumulate water to a certain head and then the potential energy of this water is converted to kinetic in hydraulic turbines. Some of this energy is taken away as electricity thus reducing the energy required to move the water downstream. What is the effect of this on flow velocity?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks Alan
Your first answer seems convincing but in your second answer I think upstream, that is before the dam, we have only potential energy and this energy is converted at the turbines into kinetic energy. Assording to the first law of thermodynamics energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can be transformed into other forms. So the electric power generated in the turbines is taken from the energy of the water i.e. the kinetic energy and so it is expected that the flow energy of the water is going to be reduced and then consequently the river flow velocity.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
This is required for my Ph. D research
Relevant answer
Answer
For Ganga basin, hydrological and hydro chemical work has been carried out by National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India. Some work is already published. For litho log of Ganga basin as such no wave site is reported so far as very rightly mentioned by Deepak. However in this concerned above mentioned NGRI can be contacted and hope your problem may be solved up to some extent.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
I am looking to purchase a Glew mini corer or another mini gravity corer for recovering lake surface sediments.
Could anyone recommend a good company that may deliver to the South Pacific region?
Relevant answer
Answer
I have used an HTH Gravity corer over the last several years with good results. The extrusion mechanism is great, but its a short (50 cm) core tube only so it depends on what can of sites / sediments you are looking at.
Simon
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
11 answers
At the catchment closure of the stream an automatic hydrological station (ISCO, 6700) is installed to measure the water flow of the stream and collect water samples to determine quantity and quality of sediments.
Samples are collected on time and volume base: one sample every 24h and every 3000m3 of flux, to follow both base flow and large events that could occur within a 24 h interval, and may transport the majority of sediments.
As a conseguence, I have flow data every 30', but the frequence of the sediment concentration data depend on the flow event. When the flow is low I have a single concentration per day, while when the flow is very high I have also 4-5 sediment concentration data per day. I need the concentration every 30 minutes.
Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Linda,
your monitoring station is really interesting indeed. It permits to sample suspended sediment discharge in a torrent, which is a really useful data, dealing with the massive uncertainty in sediment transport.
If I understand properly, your sampler measures the suspended solid discharge.
I guess you are mainly interested in suspended discharge, even if you may consider that the bedload in small river (torrents, creeks,..) is usually much higher.
However if you are mainly interested in suspended load, you know that the big uncertainty makes your data unique.
I suggest that you can start building rating curves with your data and use a simple interpolation (linear, quadratic,..) to see if it fits sufficiently with your data. Than you have built your own rule and you can relate your 30' discharge with suspended solid discharge.
Some ideas in literature are given by the "suspended sediment rating curves" (i.e. : Crawford, C. G. (1991) Estimation of suspended-sediment rating curves and mean suspended-sediment loads Journal of Hydrology , 129, 331 - 348).
Another interesting example of article of suspended load in a creek:
Lenzi, M. A. & Marchi, L. (2000) Suspended sediment load during floods in a small stream of the Dolomites (northeastern Italy) CATENA , 39, 267 - 282
You may consider that the relation between liquid and solid discharge, often experiences hysteresis, which complicate considerably your task as the peak discharge often does not correspond with the suspended solid discharge. See for instance:
Klein M. (1984) Anti clockwise hysteresis in suspended sediment concentration during individual storms: Holbeck catchment; Yorkshire, England
CATENA, Volume 11, Issues 2–3, Pages 251–257
I think it is not useful to use classical formulas of solid transport to fill your lack of data, as those formulation are quite inaccurate for your porpouse and based on empirical formulation dependent on the site.
Cheers,
Francesco
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
4 answers
I am interested to develop depth profile of rivers with low cast input. Can any band or combination of LE 8 be used for for depth measurement in river or shallow water bodies?
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Sanjeev,
Spectral reflectance in 'red, green and blue' can be used to measure the bathymetry in clear water bodies. In rivers, however, spectral reflectance is also strongly affected by sediment concentrations, sediment colour, algal blooms, and dissolved organic matter. More information can be found in e.g. various publications by Arnold G. Dekker (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arnold_Dekker).  
In cases where the river water is clear enough to see the bottom (several metres), aerial photgraphs are commonly used with good results. (e.g. Lane, S.N., Widdison, P.E., Thomas, R.E., Ashworth, P.J., Best, J.L., Lunt, I.A., Smith, G.H.S. et Simpson, C.J. (2010). Quantification of braided river channel change using archival digital image analysis. EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, 35(8): 971-985. Doi:10.1002/esp.2015).
In both cases, having decent 'ground truth' is essential. Given the large pixel size of landsat, I don't think there are a lot of rivers that are 1) wide enough, 2) shallow / clear enough to make landsat the ideal platform. But imagery collected with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles is becoming very affordable these days...
Good luck!
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
I'm interested in studying river flows related to rainfall-runoff events. The river channel that I'm focused on has straight flow types at upstream and braided types at downstream. I place 2 water level gauges, 1 is at the boundary of straight flow type before it braided and 1 is at the braided reach downstream. I do this in order to try to build a flow routing in the river reach between station gauge 1 and 2. Is this treatment possible? Or can anyone give suggestions as to how to develop a hydraulic model for this condition?    
Relevant answer
Answer
Baina, if I understand properly, you want to get discharge data from a real river. So, I am curious about how you measure the flow at the braided reach. Do you measure the water level in each channel? It is not an easy task as the channels are frequently moving and changing in number when a change in discharge occurs. In my opinion it would be easier to place the gauges in known not braided and relatively steady sections. If it is not possible and you need to measure in a braided section, you would need to gauge all the channels simultaneously, which is quite complex! For instance, you can find some ideas and references in the following publications:
Ashmore, P., & Sauks, E. (2006). Prediction of discharge from water surface width in a braided river with implications for at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry. Water Resources Research, 42(3).
Smith, L. C., Isacks, B. L., Bloom, A. L., & Murray, A. B. (1996). Estimation of discharge from three braided rivers using synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery: Potential application to ungaged basins. Water Resources Research, 32(7), 2021-2034
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
6 answers
Can anyone share resources available online (such as excel spreadsheet or software or anything else) able to estimate the bed load transportation in fluvial river using formulas like Peter Meyer an Muller or Parker 1990 or Schoklitsc?
Thanks
Relevant answer
Answer
Dear Pierluigi De Rosa,
Please follow the "Sediment transport formulas" in the following link:
Hope it helps.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
18 answers
I am studying the distribution of heavy metals in water and sediments in the upper Mekong River. I need the background value of the water and sediments. 
Relevant answer
Answer
The World Health Organization, WHO, has established as safety metal quantity limits from eating fishes a weekly maximum dosage, commonly known as Provisional Table Weekly Intake (PTWI), per kg of body weight. Taking an average human body weight of approximately 70kg, we can calculate the quantity per person/per week. Therefore, these limits are given in μg/person/week and are the following:
Hg: 5 μg/kgb.w.  = 350 μg/person/week = 0.35 mg/person/week
Cd: 7 μg/kgb.w. = 490 μg/person/week / = 0.49 mg/person/week
Pb: 25 μg/kgb.w. = 1750 μg/person/week = 1.75 mg/person/week
Cu: 3500 μg/kgb.w. = 245000 μg/person/week = 245 mg/person/week
Zn: 7000 μg/kgb.w. =  490000 μg/person/week = 490 mg/person/week
Ni: 35 μg/kgb.w. = 2450 μg/person/week = 2.45 mg/person/week
Fe: 5600 μg/kgb.w. = 392000 μg/person/week = 392 mg/person/week
Mn: 980 μg/kgb.w. =68600 μg/person/week = 68.6 mg/person/week
Furthermore the EU Regulation1881/2006/ΕU has established the following maximum concentration limits in fish tissues for Hg, Cd, Pb and these are 0.5 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg, 0.30 mg/kg, respectively.   
Kind regards!
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
Load is one of the controlling factors of river erosion, however, how does rate of erosion minimise when a river has maximum load?
Relationship of fluvial erosion and river load.
Relevant answer
Answer
There is no straightforward answer to your question, all depends on the sediment conditions in suspension and in the river bed. For instance, when a river is heavily loaded with suspended mud (there is no such thing as a predictable “maximum”), the maximum erosion velocity of a sandy bed is hindered by the reduced penetration velocity of water-mud mixture to dilate of the grain packing necessary for erosion from the bed. On the other hand, a high suspended sediment concentration reduces the difference of the bulk sediment density of the bed with the overlying fluid, which in case of a bed that consists of cohesive material, or silt, may enable large pieces of the bed to be ripped off and carried away with the flow while disintegrating. A nice example of this is the Yellow River (see Van Maren, D.S., Winterwerp, J.C., Wang, Z.Y., Pu, Q. (2009) Suspended sediment dynamics and morphodynamics in the Yellow River, China. Sedimentology, 56 (3), pp. 785-806).
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
5 answers
I am studying the contaminated river bed sediments (Cuenca Matanza Riachuelo) with 15% of organic matter and I have to evaluate what to do with them.
Relevant answer
Answer
I would appreciate John R. Helms for making you precise and that will certainly help you.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
Now I only have the discrete wave parameters, such as wave height, wave period and wave direction. How can I use these parameters to calculate the sediment transport rate caused by wave actions on the tidal flats, an extreme-shallow water boundary with small bed elevation gradient and large width of tidal flats ? If I do not consider the wave breaking, is there any simplified formula or model can be used to calculate the sediment transport rate ?
Relevant answer
Answer
Walton & Bruno's equation considers breaking wave and hence might not be suitable for the case of large tidal flats with very low gradient. I would consider the sediment transport over large tidal flats with low gradients to be as flow induced sediment transport using pure current generated by the wave at the nearshore boundary similar to swash flow induced sediment transport.
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
36 answers
River flows along surface depression which is caused by tectonic forces. Many faults e.g. Brahmaputra fault, Kaladan fault follows the course of rivers and named accordingly. Can we say in general that a river will follow a fault?
Relevant answer
Answer
Nature always tries to spend the less possible amount of energy. Due to this consideration, you won't be wrong if you say that the water will follow the path of a fault (or will dig a valley) which is much easier to erode because of the overworked rocks.
Of course this doesn't mean that all the branches of a drainage system can only be driven by faults. Water can also follow the pattern of discontinuities such as cracks.
In the extreme case where a rock formation is absolutely homogeneous, water will just be driven by gravity.
Kind regards
Ioannis Alexandrides
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
3 answers
How can I to determine the factors the dominant in sediment yield.
Relevant answer
Answer
This is an interesting, penetrating and also a difficult question. Sediment yield of a river passing a single catchment or multiple caqtchments, depends on various factros.
First of all, the climate adnd meteorological variables come as naffecting factors. Rainfall (as a driving factor of soil errosivity) affect the river discharge as well as the surface runoff and therefore, have great effect on catchment sedimentation (see my paper in Computers and Geosciences journal, 2012 in which we have studied a bit the effects of meteorological implications on sediment).
Then, the soil class, structure, cohisivity, etc have effects on errosivity...the higher the soil strength, the lower the sedimentation rate.
Also vegetation, might have great effect...The existing vegetation cover on the canals (streams) bed and walls, reduce the flow velocity, hence reduce the errosivity effect of water flow.
 
 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
15 answers
Clay and non-clay minerals.
Relevant answer
Answer
Commentary on identifying XRD data of minerals in sediments:
 
Using software for the identification of non-clay minerals in sediments is in general but a nice tool. Most of the common sediment minerals will soon become a routine in XRD-identification and, therefore, software might not really be necessary (e.g. quartz, main feldspars, micas, carbonates). On the other hand, the use of software for the thorough identification of the most critical and important component in sediments – i.e. clay minerals - will be of weak benefit. The correct identification, quantification and qualification is one of the crucial problems in applied sediment studies, e.g. in general geotechnical engineering or using clay liners for waste deposits (including nuclear waste storage). Besides the many more or less well characterized clay minerals you have to take in account all transitions to randomly mixed-layer clays with more or less swelling potential and different stabilities in geotechnical use. To define them reasonably a separation from the non-clay portions is necessary anyway (e.g. by float and sink separation); in addition, the identification requires several thermal treatments and swelling experiments with an evaluation by thoroughly comparing peak shifts and peak area changes. The identification and qualification of clay minerals is one of the main and important topics in sediment mineralogy and can, to my opinion, not rely on software identification programs. To some degree a program for peak area calculation could be of some benefit.
A rather old but still helpful booklet on the topic to prepare and identify clay minerals is:
Dorothy Carroll (1970) Clay Minerals: A Guide to Their X-ray Identification. Geological Society of America Special Papers 126, 80 p (still to purchase by internet; about $ 20).
More extended information can be found e.g. in:
Duane M. Moore and Robert C. Reynolds, Jr. (1997) X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Second Edition. ISBN: 9780195087130. 400 pages; paperback (Retail Price to Students about  $ 90).
 
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
7 answers
I am trying to find the REE concentration in marine sediment and river sediments. I would like to know what the most suitable spectroscopic technique is? Can we efficiently analyse REE using ICP-OES?
Relevant answer
Answer
ICP-MS is definitively better. For sediments, dissolution methodology is also very important. If you want to track paleoenvironmental signal in the labile carbonate phase, you better use a "light" dissolution technique (such as acetic acid) in order to avoid dissolving terrigenous matter (and therefore contaminate the environmental signal).
  • asked a question related to River Bed Sediment
Question
1 answer
The Government of India and the World Bank had signed three agreements to for cleaning Ganga River and to Strengthen Rural Livelihoods and Biodiversity Conservation in India. The River cleaning project is to the tune of US $ 1 billion (approximately Rs 4,600 crore) loan and credit that will form part of the Bank’s long-term support for cleaning the Ganga River. Two Biodiversity Conservation agreements are for a credit of US$15.6 million and US$8.14 million grant. The river project will be the greatest source of transport and can hold the suitable infrastructure for food supplies in situ that has been responsible for reviving many south american nations from the point of extinction. The Amazon serves as a multinational highway for Venezuela, Columbia and Ecuador that has given a very efficient project for food distribution to remote parts of the globe. I would like to get suitable suggestions from your end about the feasibility of the project and how plans can be energized in reducing the carbon foot print.
Firstly , I would ask what are the steps that can be incorporated in improving energy efficiency, benchmarks for specific energy consumption etc. can be shared and adopted by amongst each other.
Secondly based on my ideas I would like to develop a remote monitored river transport system which will have a beacon attached with buoys that tell how the water level may be rising or falling. Secondly flood forecast along the levels and also developing a coordination system. The analysis will be that if two boats are in separate streams, the boat can send a small buoy and get to the other boat and get the job done. Thirdly , the government plans to set up 11 terminals along the stretch of the Ganga from Allahbad to Hooghly. The system may require a monitor of the identifying small boats and alarming if a large cargo if that is reaching shallow waters.
I have some plans but need your ideas on river transport and how it can be made fluid in Indian conditions. I would also like to learn from the seniors who may have worked in such a kind of project.
I have completed my phd thesis on "Earthquake Genesis Mechanism and Earthquake Warning System Design".During this period I have been able to complete coursework related to integrated model development study.I have published 17 research publications in various peer reviewed journal.I would be greatly helped if the forum can help me in formating my thesis.I would like to apply for post doc or a research Engineer in various international labs across Europe who are constantly trying to develop a Geodynamic model in identifying Earthquake triggering basins.I would like to format the writing of my thesis in such a way that it provides a hollistic approach to Earthquake forecast and genesis. I would like to know what is the way of writing the thesis for European Universitites to accept.
Relevant answer
Answer
I am looking for guidance for doing higher research and finding a better answer to the process of integrated model development in earthquake forecast design