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Rhizobacteria - Science topic

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I am interested in knowing if there is any precedent in the scientific literature on the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria obtained from the rhizosphere that have been inoculated into the leaves of plants with good results.
Thanks in advance for the collaboration...
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I randomly searched using the phrase "plant growth promotion by foliar application of PGPR" in google search and found the following papers among many to be published in reputed journals. Please go through them. Some of them might be of relevance.
1. Effects of floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry. (2006) Scientia Horticulturae
2. Floral and Foliar Application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to Apples Increases Yield, Growth, and Nutrient Element Contents of Leaves (2007) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
3. Effect of foliar and soil application of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth, physiology, yield and seed quality of maize under Mediterranean conditions. (2020) Scientific Reports
4. Seed and leaf-spray inoculation of PGPR in brachiarias (Urochloa spp.) as an economic and environmental opportunity to improve plant growth, forage yield and nutrient status. (2021) Plant and Soil
5. Effect of foliar and soil application of plant growth promoting bacteria on kale production and quality characteristics (2022) Scientia Horticulturae
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Mention the purity and brand of the chitin to be amended in the medium for chitinase production by rhizobacteria.
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No such precise grade, chitin flakes are insoluble in the media therefore break down of it will be difficult to observe clear halo zones. Instead, you need to use the colloidal chitin which is more soluble. there is a recipe to preaper colloindal chintin from chitin flakes.
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There is an open research grant call which requires the collaboration of researchers in the Global South and Danish researchers. Any Danish researcher working on Climate Action, particularly on Climate change resilience and adaptation to get in touch with me on baloo@uoeld.ac.ke. My area of research is on plant-microbe interactions, rhizobacteria, and plant growth promotion. Thank you
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any thing for Asia
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We first isolated some PGPR. We carried out a gram test, and we found they were gram-positive bacteria. Then, we induced these bacteria with EMS to get mutants.
After mutation, we grew mutants, and we found greenish-blue pigment on nutrient agar. We examined the gram type of these mutants, and they were gram-positive too.
Could the other bacteria, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce pyocyanin as the result of mutation?
Thank you so much!
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To Dr. GHrzesiak's point - it's NOT pyocyanin unless/until you confirm it chemically.
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The best method to evaluate the potential of siderophore production in rhizobacteria under in vitro conditions?
Qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative evaluation...
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The chrome Azul S agar (CAS agar) is used for siderophores detection, prepared as described by Barghouthi et al (1989). Single colonies of each isolate should be transferred to this medium and the plates should be placed for incubation at 30°C for 48 hours. The presence of an orange halo around the colonies is recorded as positive for siderophores production.
Preparation of CAS media:
All glassware should be washed with 6M HCl to expel any following components and rinsed with distilled water.
A. Blue Dye:
a. Solution 1: I. Dissolve 0.06 g of CAS (Loba Chemicals) in 50 ml of dd.
b. Solution 2: I. Dissolve 0.0027 g of FeCl3-6 H2O in 10 ml of 10 mM HCl.
c. Solution 3: I. Dissolve 0.073 g of HDTMA in 40 ml of ddH2O.
d. Blend Solution 1 with 9 ml of Solution 2. blend it again with Solution 3. a blue shading solution will form.
autoclave it and store in any plastic holder/bottle.
B. Mixture Solution:
a. Minimal Media 9 (MM9) Salt Solution Stock
I. dissolve 15 g KH2PO4, 25 g NaCl, and 50 g NH4Cl in 500 ml of ddH2O.
b. 20% Glucose Stock
I. Dissolve 20 g glucose in 100 ml of ddH2O.
c. NaOH Stock
I. Dissolve 25 g of NaOH in 150 ml ddH2O (pH =12).
d. Casamino Acid Solution
i. Dissolve 3 g of Casamino corrosive in 27 ml of ddH2O.
ii. It is then mixed with 3% 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform to evacuate any trace iron.
iii. Finally, it was filter sterilize.
C. CAS agar Preparation:
a. 100 ml of MM9 salt solution was added to 750 ml ofddH2O.
b. 32.24 g piperazine-N, N’-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) PIPES were dissolved.(PIPES will not dissolve below pH of 5). i. The pH was brought up to 6 and slowly PIPES was added while stirring. There was a drop in PIPES while dissolve. While stirring, slowly bring the pH is brought to 6.8 slowly. the pH of medium should not be exceed 6.8 as this will turn the solution green.
c. 15 g of Bacto agar was added.
d. It was then autoclaved and cooled to 50oC.
e. 30 ml of sterile Casamino acid solution and 10 ml of sterile 20% glucose solution was added to MM9/PIPES mixture.
f. 100 ml of Blue Dye solution was added slowly along the glass wall with enough agitation to mix thoroughly.
g. Pour the media into plates, aseptically.
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isolation of rhizobacteria from turmeric rhizomes but there is the contamination of fungus.
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To Kouadri Mohamed El Amine good suggestions - I'd not recommend chloramphenicol to control fungi. The level to inhibit fungi is more than enough to inhibit bacteria.
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want to isolate rhizobacteria from soil and hence required fungal growth inhibition hence need to add flucanazole in media
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During my study 60-85microgram/ml medium fluconazole was found best to suppress the fungal growth in medium.
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want to isolate rhizobacteria from soil and hence required fungal growth inhibition hence need to add flucanazole in media
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Add clotrimazole 100mcg/1000mL
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Hello everyone,
We are planning to study how plant growth promoting bacteria are affecting various plants (eg. wheat, barley, etc.). We would like to coat the seeds with bacteria. We prefer film coating. I can't find any proportions of seed, inoculum, carrier materials and sticking agents.
Could you please share the recipe you are using for your research? We prefer using cellulose or lime as a carrier material.
Thank you in advance.
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My question is that if we found that in the soil have some bacteria which produce PGPH then how we will find it out to know that only this bacteria have the potential ability. secondly how we will use it is a biofertilizer??
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@ Ahmad, first you have to isolate the individual bacteria as suggested by Dr. Vagmi, then you have to look at the individual bacteria whether they are satisfying any of the three conditions such as : tolerance toward abiotic stress through action of ACC deaminase, defense against pathogens by the presence of competitive traits such as siderophore production , increase of fertility and plant growth. Normally, PGPH comprises of following bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, and Serratia.
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People working on the field of Biofertilizers (PGPR and AMF) and want want extend their networks can comment by YES or if possible indicate the projects or topics of their research and start following each other.
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It would be interesting to evaluate biofertilizers against both , diseases and their roles in rhizosphere plus plant growth responses.
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I am lay in this subject. Is DNA sequencing the best way to identify the different types of soil bacteria present in soil samples? Ideally, I'd like to find a technique that allows me to identify all different types of bacteria (from those that could be identified) present in a given soil sample. Thanks.
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Soil is a rich repository of microorganisms. Basic techniques include isolation by either pourplating or spreadplating on appropriate media. Identification can be done by laboratory procedures such as gram staining, motility test, spore staining and a battery of biochemical tests. Quicker results can be obtained by 16 S r RNA sequencing technique. Comparison with NCBI gives similarity of your organism with others.
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I need articles related to this subject, especially the rhizobacteria of durum wheat.
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I think that you need to take in first a representative sample of the rhizosphere (as compared to bulk soil) ...
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Hello,
-So I have a set of bacterial communities extraced from rhizospheric soil in both saline and control environments for two different cultivars of plants, one is tolerant to salinity and the other is susceptible.
-I did ordination (N-MDS)and got the control and treated separated on first coordinate, but cultivars closer together in the second coordinate.
- I got p-value p=0.001, whic is good, indicating diffrence.
-However, i got R^2 values: axis1 = 0.9521, axis2= 0.0005229.
What does R^2 mean? what values indicate that my data is good. Is it a strong test for my data?
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The r-square value generally tells you the percent of the variation 'explained' by the axis. So this score tells you that Axis 1 'explains' approximately 95% of the variation in separation of the bacterial communities, whereas Axis 2 explains very little of the variation. Therefore, any environmental variable that aligns strongly with Axis 1 is likely to be a strong environmental influence on the bacterial communities. Conversely, an environmental variable that is strongly aligned with Axis 2 is much less likely to be influencing the communities, although they may be important in the absence of environmental variables that strongly align with Axis 1. For example, if Axis 1 is very strongly aligned with the salinity gradient, then it suggests that salinity is overriding most other environmental variables (and if you did a separate study with no salinity gradient, then other variables may become more important in separating the communities).
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What final concentration of 27F and 1492R primers and Taq polymerase we use for the amplification of 16S rRNA region of rhizobacteria.
The final concentration of Primers???
The final concentration of Taq polymerase?
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I agree with what Roelof has written on PCR optimization. You can use 5 pmoles of each primer and 0.5 U of Taq polymerase per 20 µl of final reaction volume as start conditions. Most probably it is not primers concentration which is problematic though. Usually if standard conditions don't work its a matter of template DNA - make sure that the quality of your preparation is good enough (A260/280 ~1.8 and A260/230 > 2. If you have problems with isolation, try bead beating + flocculation kits (e.g. Qiagen's DNeasy PowerSoil) even with pure strains - they effectively lyse even very though bacs and get rid of many problematic contaminants.
Best,
Marcin
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Experiment sample : Rhizobacteria.
After screening and isolation and the extracted of bacterial DNA by using 16s ribosomal technique to get sequencing result (in the form of nucleotide sequence).
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you can use the ediseq and finTV exe to anylize the result
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Recently I work on Isolation & Identification of rhizobia bacteria of chickpea & groundnut.I want to know which rhizobia bacteria can create nodule of chickpea & groundnut/peanut.Please anyone help me so I will gratitude to you.Advance thanks.
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Does rain water drain away root associated bacteria or soil bacteria? If so, what can be the percentage of washed out bacteria? Any study?
Thanks in advance!
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The amount and distribution of rainfall directly affected soil moisture, which determined the survival and proliferation of rhizobia as well as growth of the host legume.
you can read the attached research about the ecological Indicators of Native Rhizobia in Tropical Soils
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Hi..I would like to detect siderophore production by rhizobacteria. I have rhizosphere soil samples to test and have used a CAS overlay method that hasn't worked since the original colour was red orange so a change to red orange cannot be seen. I am thinking of using an assay involving HDTMA but some Shweyn and Neilands say that gram positive bacteria are sensitive to this detergent. Please advice on the best method to use if testing from raw soil samples.
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Detection of siderophores by inoculated the bacteria on the Chrome azurol S (CAS) agar medium. The change in color of the CAS reagent was due to the fact that siderophores, present in the supernatant, chelate the iron from the CAS reagent, which results in color change from blue to orange-red.
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I am currently working on isolating and screening rhizobacteria. One of the properties am concerned about is nitrogen fixation ability and so I am growing the bacteria in nitrogen free media. Literature suggests that the colour of the medium should change from green to blue. However, am getting colour change from green to yellow and this is quite confusing.
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The color change is a qualitative hypothetical test for the N2 fixer in N free media (either Jensen's media/Nfb media) with BTB indicator. But, this is not the confirmatory test for N2 fixation estimation. (even the color may be changed for pH unstability or suspicious culture contamination!!)
You need a GC (gas chromatography) analysis for its quantitative assessment. If you have no GC access, simply you may estimate amount of Nitrogen by Micro-Kjeldahl analysis.
The thumb role is the colony of N2 fixer (diazotrophs) are more largers with watery ring in the jensen/nfb medium.
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This is not a question. This is the Map of "Heavy metal plant rhizobacteria" topic.
file topic_report.docx = 20 topics from 844 articles which have words
ts=(heavy AND metal* AND plant* AND (rhizobacteria* OR (rhizo* AND bacteria*)))
in their titles or keywords or abstracts. Each topic is represented through 20 words and 20 thrases with which it is discussed in these articles. Really this terms are the names of methods, objects, properties, laws and so on for topic in question. In addition each topic has quotes from two articles in which it is most manifested.
file a1_basic.xlsm - articles with basic knowledge on the topic
file a3_novelty.xlsm - articles of last years potentially with novelty
We will be grateful for the feedback.Feel free to ask an analysis of a specific topic.
===
The Experience of feedback from graduate students and researchers:
sometimes they find articles and methods that they have omitted,
reading the terms of the topic_report file makes it possible to initiate
ideas or directions for further research that have been forgotten or never come to mind.
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I need to work with disinfected soil, does putting this soil in an autoclave make it lose these characteristics?
Is there any other techniques to obtain disinfected soil, without any microorganism?
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Its very difficult maintain orignal soil chemical and biological properties , unless the autoclaving condifions are defined. Under normal autoclaving conditions, I doubt too many soil properties will change so drastically ....
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Greetings
I am looking for papers regarding pgpr that could be used in hydroponics.
Which articles would you suggest?
I am interested both in pgpr that could be added in the rizosphere and the phyllosphere.
Thanks in advance
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Please have a look at these PDFs..
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suggest the best api kit for gram negative soil bacteria or rhizobacteria.
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It depends on your research module if the plants have been grown in soil receiving some source of human and animal wastes then its better to use API 20E while in case of most of other soils the API 20NE is a better choice. However, we also use Biolog for G+ve bacteria in combination with API for study of rhizosphere microbial diversity. 16S rRNA with DGGE is the most superior and powerful technique to study both phenotypic and genotype microbial diversity at molecular level.
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The roles of rhizospheric bacteria in case of terrestrial plants are well studied. They establish 'give together' condition and show any of mutualism, commensalism, amensalism or pathogenic relationship. They are considered as the hotspot of microbial activity often helping in multifaceted ways in nutrient mineralization & aquisition, plant growth promotion, developing 'immunity' against harmful microorganisms. Such activities may be mediated by IAA, siderophores, ACC deaminase, bacterial antibiotics produced by them.  By there is huge knowledge gap in case of aquatic macrophytic rhizobacteria. Although the role of many macrophytes have been attempted in phytoremediation of heavy metals and other toxicants as well as in nutrient (nitrogen & phosphorus) removal and wastewater treatment but the real role of the rhizobacteria still remains neglected. Indeed they play the pivotal roles interacting with the macrophytes. The actual mechanisms of action and bacteria-macrophyte interaction need to be unveiled which would be helpful in understanding the phytoremediation and the nutrient reclamation/removal process more clearly. 
All the RG colleagues are requested to contribute in discussing the issue with thoughts, experiences and resources. I look forward to an enriching and though-provoking brainstorming on the RG platform.
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in the specific case of heavy metals, the macrophytes play a fundamental role in the process of complexing these metals, thus absorbing them without showing its toxic effect. The rhizobacteria in the other hand contribute in the bioremediation by changing the state of oxidation of the metals to less toxic species and by achieving the precipitation and immobilization in the soi.
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Somebody claims that there some selfish rhizobia which take benefits from the host but do not induced nodulation at the host. I did not get enough evidence about this. Could anybody help me by giving some articles about this? 
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Dr. Bolo, that you cant say as defect in a single gene can impart the null mutation that is responsible for complete lack of nitrogen fixation capacity. Here actually the host plant enjoying benefit of nitrogen fixation product at the cost of nutrient or energy to rhizobia. If your rhizobia is not compatible to host plant you may get vulnerable to emerging selfish cheaters that extract benefit from the system without paying cost. Such parasitic cheaters may disrupt the symbiotic relationship. We experience this twice with Rhizobium meleloti.
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I'm studying bacteria isolated from cherry rhizosphere. I would like to perform some experiments about the interaction of the isolates with cherry trees, however, cherries are difficult to growth from seeds, apples are difficult too as they need also a long process before germination. 
Any suggestions?
thanks
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Most people will use Arabidopsis but care must be taken in interpolating the results
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Plant roots exude a variety of sugars, organic acids, etc. that attract and feed fungi and bacteria.  Many of these microbes are know to protect the roots from attacks from other fungi and bacteria.  Those that grow along the growing root are generally designated as 'rhizosphere competent'.  However, in potato there are both roots and rhizomes.  There are several pathogens that attach the rhizome and the potato tuber.  So, the question is whether or not the rhizomes or tuber exude chemicals that would support microbiological growth in the same way the root does?  If so, this might allow for the discovery and application of microorganisms to the root zone of potato that would protect the rhizome and tuber from infection.
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as you know function of rhizome is different from roots, normally rhizomes do not produce any exudate to soil except in some bacterial disease of Ralstonia or Clavibacter, that is the disease effect not rhizomes, most of exudate produced by hairy root of plant in rhizosphere. In sytemic disease the entrance part also mostly is root then pathogen infect rhizomes. In my idea if any helpful microorganism could protect hairy root then could increase whole plant tolerate to diseases.
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Hydroponic systems currently employ normalized, sterile, water soluble fertilizer solutions which are highly effective for growing high quality crops quickly. However, these mined salts are not sustainable and must be replaced with organic sources. As we know, plants do not utilize organic compounds in the root zones for nutrition, and insects and microorganisms must break these compounds down to usable inorganic plant nutrients. Would it be preferable to create a process by which consistent compost material is harvested of its degradation products for use in hydroponics, or would it be best to employ fertilizers with mixed organic and inorganic nutrients to a system pre-innoculated with beneficial mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria? Research has shown that hydroponic cultivation can impart higher nutritional value to edible crops when compared to organic and conventional cultivation. However, it has also shown that aquaponic cultivation supplemented with inorganic nutrients performs even better on yield. Could this be because soluble nutrients are supplied alongside insoluble ones in a living system? Thank you in advance for your thoughts on the matter.
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Aqueous ammonia (NH3+H2O) is a liquid fertilizer which may be used in customized fertilizers for hydroponics. It is low pressure ammonia solution which contains both gaseous ammonia and ammonium hydroxide. But due to limited safety hazards, handling of this fertilizer is little difficult.
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lakshmi mundkur, microbiologists
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Then may be your strain is not efficient enough or the environment does not favour their optimum growth. In sterile soil you are also killing other beneficial organisms who are basically helping in nutrient transformation. Have you ever tested the population build-up? I dont know your soils, but in most of the soils some micronutrients becomes available in toxic level after sterilisation.
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I have inoculated Rhizobial isolates to newly cultivated soybean plants in a controlled condition. They formed nodules but there is a huge variation among plants dry weight. More important thing is that control plants got more weight than inoculated nodulating plants  in agar and Fahraeus N-free medium in glass house. 
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I think Your problem in sterilization high NaOCl concentration and duration besides the Ethanol concentration....   
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I found in many articles that bacillus sp and pseudomonas sp are the principal nematophagous bacteria which formed too the prncipal species of PGPR?can any one explain to me please?
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  • nematophagous bacteria thy are used for plant parasitic nematode control. they may control nematode by producing  Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) a volatile, secondary metabolite formed from glycine through the action of HC synthetase enzyme.
  • Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium are known to produce HCN.
  •  Various studies attribute a disease protective effect to HCN like  the suppression of “root-knot” and black rot in tomato and tobacco root caused by the nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and Thielaviopsis basicota, respectively (Siddiqui.,2006)
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Hi everyone, I am using Agrobacterium rhizogenes to induce hairy roots.  i wonder if (1)  i culture unclear hairy roots (i.e. still contaminate with A.rhizogenes) in liquid medium, will A.rhizogenes suppress hairy root growth? or (2) antibiotic, if added to liquid media, will suppress hairy root growth?
Thanks so much for your help!
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Hi Khoa Van Nguyen
Please go through the following article. It may help you.
    
Karwasara VS, Dixit V K. Agrobacterium rhizogenes Mediated Genetic transformation of Abrus precatorius L. Phcog Mag 2009;5:336-42
Regards 
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hi i'm studying the potential of somme rhizobacteria to solubilize phosphate and producing AIA , and i want to study the potential of solubilizing potassium (KSB) so in many research they use the aleksandrov medium amended with insoluble source of potassium, so my question can you give me the name of a commercial product containing an insoluble form of potassium or any thing can help me in this study. 
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Insoluble potassium source is Potassium almunium Slicate and its commercial name is myca.
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How many days are need to create root nodule by rhizobia sp.?
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It depend on plant used. And also the enviornmental conditions
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Long term storage of bacterial culture other than lyophilization
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DMSO 10% at -80°C. I have Salmonella cultures with more than 8 years and viables ;)
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I have got a lot of colony of bacteria from soybean root nodules aseptically but they are not behaving like rhizobia, for example, they grow fast, remain attached with conical flax. I am trying the best for aseptic isolation and inoculation. Give me any suggestion.     
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The answer is yes! In every plant we have lots of endophytic bacteria which some of them are rhizobia. you must use selective media plus supplementary tests to sieve rhizobia bacteria from others  
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what species are fixing N2 symbiotically with soybean?
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In addition to the references already cited by the people, above follows the two other good reading options.
Ormeño-Orrillo et al., Taxonomy of rhizobia and agrobacteria from the Rhizobiaceae family in light of genomics. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. v. 38, Issue 4, June 2015, Pages 287–291
 Peix et al., Bacterial Associations with Legumes. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, . 34, Issue 1-3, January 2015, Pages
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I wonder if I could isolate mycorrhizal spores from rice soil and rhizosphere samples that I got with the initial aim of isolating plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Some experience on that?
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Yes, the soil sample can be used for the mycorrhizae spore isolation
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Sampling soils from natural o reserve areas must be an opportunity to get some rhizobacteria adapted to enviromental stress with respect to agroecosystems or it is not relevant to begin a prospecting project?
Thanks for comments or suggestions.
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Dear Sergio , nice question . Thats how rhizobacteria and other associated PGPRs  are so effective in not only improving the efficacy of applied fertilizers, mineral or organic in nature, but do a great deal of ecological service by sequestering the carbon on one hand and restricting the release of GHG. Natural ecosystem has always a greater microbiological niche compared to agroecosystem , due to many induced cultural practices ( Mostly anthropogenic in nature ) . but , before introducing the rhizobacteria from natural ecosystem to agroecosytem , the rhizocompetence of promising microbes needs to be evaluated through in-vitro as well as in-vivo evaluation , and for a variety of crops , perferably in a farming system mode /cropping sequence.
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what is the best method to evaluate the plant growth promoting potential for my strain on arabidopsis thaliana ; inoculation of seed or soil? and in vitro or vivo?
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There are very linked steps while you are planning to asses the potential of PGPR strains.  
Characterize well your strain before soil application or seed bioprming. 
Asses all PGPR activity in vitro.
Check the stress tolerance of the strain in vitro.
follow the pot experimentation
Go for field inoculation
In treatment i will suggest to go for both soil application and seed bio-priming in separate experiment. After that on the basis of the responses you can strict  to any one method in which you are getting the best result. I think seed bio-priming will give the more prominent result than the soil application.
Kindly go through the links for more detail.
Good Luck.
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Does a plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability?
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 You can ONLY call a bacteria PGPR if it has positive effects. Otherwise is deleterious or pathogen.  But inoculation responses are erratic and variables with plant species and environmental conditions.....
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What are the different oil based formulations developed for delivery methods of agricultural beneficial microbes (like pseudomonas fluorescens/bacillus species?  
plant extract oils such as neem , pongamia , groundnut oils are we wanted to test. 
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I shake the root until loosely free soil has fallen off, then I wash the root with 10 ml saline solution with sterile brush. Then from the washing solution, I isolate the bacteria. Is this method right or not? I am isolating from Halocnemum and arthrocnemum root.
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saline solution conc is 0.85%
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My interest is in innoculating pot soil with PGPR, possibly with the most inexpensive method.
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I hope the soil is sterilised - we grow the bacteria to be inoculated in sorghum added to LB media so that it is easier to mix with soil before planting crops. Interaction is best in young developing roots - mature plants may not interact at properly.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an oppurtunistic pathogen still we use it as an efficient Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. How can we check the pathogenecity of P.aeruginosa in laboratory by applying simplest technique
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Hello Sakshi, 
depends on the mechanisms of pathogenicity that you want to study. Particularly we have been working with Mtb and other respiratory pathogens and the best way to do this is by using a animal model and determine the LD50 or dissemination (if you are comaparing several strains of the same pathogen). Probably also you could use an in vitro infection model (we have used epithelial cells-A549, monocytes and monocytic cell lines-u937, or in vitro differentiated macrophages) these as i said, depends on what mechanisms are you interested in. If you want i can send some references where these methods are described in a detailed manner. Best regards 
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If someone can help me in getting a Rhizobial strain that infect chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) to produce N2 fixing nodules and it should have GFP/GUS/DsRED or anything like that as a visualization tag.
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thanks, i am looking for positive things
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I am trying to isolate heavy metal resistant Potassium solubilising plant growth promoting rhizobacteria which can promote plant growth during heavy metal stress conditions.
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Thank you Gaurav for your support but this work not more sufficient for isolation of bacteria.
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I am preparing CAS agar medium for testing the siderophore production of antagonistic rhizobacteria. I am following the procedure of Schwyn and Neilands 1987 which is elaborated in detail by Louden et al. 2011. The recipe says that after preparing the casamino acid solution extract trace iron with 3% 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform. Can anyone tell me how much volume of 3% 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform should be prepared and after I have prepared the solution how can I extract iron from casamino acid solution. I need the methodology.
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Hi Henk-jan
Thanks. I did it the way you suggested me and it worked finely. I used the equal volume of 3% 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform for the extraction and kept it overnight. Next day I separated the casamino acid solution followed with filter sterilization.
I am going to use it for preparing CAS agar media for testing the siderophore production by rhizobacteria.
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nodulation inhibition by pgpr...
Can you recommend me some article about that?  thank you
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I also observed such phenomenon when I co-inoculated my PGPB with Rhizobia. 
There are several reports  where the co-inoculated strains have affected nodulation and plant growth - Sinclair 1993; Burla et al. 1996; Oehrle et al. 2000; Suominen et al. 2000).
Even in case of nodule promoting strain B. thuringeinsis, high cell densities had an inhibitory effect on nodulation and plant growth (Mishra et al. 2009).
Co-inoculation of plant growth promoting strain P. fluorescens WCS365 and 213 with B. japonicum A1017 decreased nodule number in soybean plants (Chebotar et al. 2001).
References:
Burla M, Goverde M, Schwinn FJ, Wiemken A (1996) Influence of biocontrol organisms on root pathogenic fungi and on the plant symbiotic micro-organisms Rhizobium phaseoli and Glomus mosseae. J. Plant Dis Protect 103:156–163
Chebotar VK, Asis Jr CA, Akao S (2001) Production of growth-promoting substances and high colonization ability of rhizobacteria enhance the nitrogen fixation of soybean when coinoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biol Fertil Soils 34:427–432
Mishra PK, Mishra S, Selvakumar G, Bisht JK, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2009) Co-inoculation of Bacillus thuringeinsis-KR1 with Rhizobium leguminosarum enhances plant growth and nodulation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:753–761
Oehrle NW, Karr DB, Kremer RJ, Emerieh DW (2000) Enhanced attachment of Bradyrhizobium iaponicum to soybean through reduced root colonization of internally seedborne microorganisms. Can J Microbiol 46:600–606
Sinclair JB (1993) Control of seed borne pathogens and diseases of soybean seeds and seedlings, Pest Manag Sci 37:15 – 19
Suominen L, Jussila MM, Mäkeläinen K, Romantschuk M, Lindström K (2000) Evaluation of the Galega-Rhizobium galegae system for the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 107: 239–244
If you cannot get any of these publications, respond back. All the best...
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I am working on anastomosis group typing of local isolates Rhizoctonia solani and need tester isolates. Can someone guide where to get these tester isolates?
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Hi Amjad, in Germany exists an institute which is called 'Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ)'. This institute sells tested reference material, maybe they also can provide you Rhizoctonia solani. You could search for it in the catalogue.
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What are the quantitative methods for estimation of ammonia production by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)?
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you can check
Evaluation of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. with single and multiple PGPR traits for plant growth promotion of sorghum in combination with AM fungi
G. Praveen Kumar, N. Kishore, E. Leo Daniel Amalraj, S. K. Mir Hassan Ahmed, AbdulRasul, Suseelendra Desai
Ammonia accumulation in culture broth by the novel nitrogen-fixing bacterium, Lysobacter sp. E4
Kenichi Iwata1, Azlin Azlan2, Hironori Yamakawa3, Toshio Omori1
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Enterobacter spp. etc are used as bioinoculants to improve crop growth and yield. Will it be OK to term them as plant-probiotic?
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Hi Marieta,
Actually this term in relation to plant biology was new to me too until i chanced upon the Berlec's paper in Plant Science 193– 194 (2012) 96– 102 titled 'Novel techniques and findings in the study of plant microbiota: Search for plant
probiotics'. Going through this indicated that it was already used much earlier.
Thanks for your comment...
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I am confused why do we have to run HPLC and GCMS at once. I would like to know methods on how to extract gibberellin from microbes. Most methods use GCMS whereas there are also other method using HPLC.
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This one
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A few locally isolated rhizobium were used mainly in improving crop yield. I'm inspired by the fact rhizobiums could transfer genes as efficient as agrobacterium. However, the local rhizobium strains are yet to be identified until species level. Is it possible that I try out these strains to transform my plants?
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We have tested several Russian strains (Moscow region) of Rhizobium for plant transformation efficiency. It was very low. My colleague has got bettwer result aftet transfer of Ti-plasmid from A. tumefaciens into Rhizobium sp. isolated from the South of Russia
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It is known that for Bradyrhizobium genus, the 16S rDNA gave no differences between the different species and to identify a new isolate, we have to check other genes, such as recA, atpD, glnII and others as well as DNA-DNA hybridizations in case it is different from the known described species. But is it also mandatory for the fast growing rhizobia such as Ensifer (ex-Sinorhizobium) strains? Do you think I have to go on with housekeeping genes sequencing even the total 16rDNA and partial nodC sequencing gave 100% similitude with a reference strain?
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Thanks Mario. That's what I had in mind but recently, I submitted a paper about some Ensifer strains nodulating a local medicago species. The 16SrRNA and nodC sequencing results indicated they belong to E. meliloti as they were 100% similar to a type strain. However, one reviewer insisted on the sequencing of housekeeping genes and DDH. I think really it will be a lost of time, money and efforts that why I still ask for other experts advice!!!!!!!!!!
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I need to isolate chitinolytic rhizobacteria, so I wish to know the exact composition of the medium used to isolate it.
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This is according to the "Labrat.com" which I had used.
Make M9 salts
To make M9 Salts aliquot 800ml H2O and add
64g Na2HPO4-7H2O
15g KH2PO4
2.5g NaCl
5.0g NH4Cl
Stir until dissolved
Adjust to 1000ml with distilled H2O
Sterilize by autoclaving
Measure ~700ml of distilled H2O (sterile)
Add 200ml of M9 salts
Add 2ml of 1M MgSO4 (sterile)
Add 20 ml of 20% glucose (or other carbon source)
Add 100ul of 1M CaCl2 (sterile)
Adjust to 1000ml with distilled H2O