Respiratory System - Science topic

Objective: To characterize and analyze the mortality profile of long-lived older adults in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, comparing it with the overall deaths in the year 2019. Method: A cross-sectional study utilizing data derived from death certificates. The variables analyzed included sex, age, race/ethnicity", marital status, place of residence, p...

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has introduced novel treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, which have facilitated targeted therapies against tumor cells. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint expressed in T cells that regulates the immune system's activity to prevent over-activation and tissue damage caused by inflammation. H...

Resumen objetivo. Caracterizar a los pacientes pediátricos con patología hematooncológica e infección en un hospital de alta complejidad de la ciudad de Medellin. metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal que incluyó a pacientes pediátricos con patología hematooncológica. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de...

Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular kronis yang terutama menyerang paru-paru dan disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penularan terjadi melalui tetesan air liur yang mengandung bakteri saat seseorang batuk. TB dapat mempengaruhi saluran pernapasan bagian bawah dan menyebar melalui udara (nukleus droplet) ketika seseora...

Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne 2024; 40 (4): 1-7 Abstract Introduction: Disposable medical masks commonly used to protect against airborne pathogenic microorganisms have gained popularity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Until the Comirnaty vaccine was approved by the European Commission on 21 December 2020, the masks had been basically the only pr...

Background: ARI or acute respiratory infections can occur in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Toddlers are at risk of ARI due to indoor air pollution. Indonesia has the highest mortality rate of children under 5 years old due to ARI caused by several unqualified environmental factors such as ventilation area, occupancy density, air humidity,...

La enfermedad por COVID-19 es causada por el SARS-CoV-2, un virus de ARN monocatenario patógeno y altamente transmisible. Pasó rápidamente de una epidemia a una pandemia mundial propagándose a niveles alarmantes. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afecta significativamente el sistema respiratorio, pero puede involucrar otros sistemas, incluido el sistema...

Background The leaves of Erlangea tomentosa (ET) are used to treat several bacterial infections like respiratory tract infections, skin infections, diarrhea and gastrointestinal disorders. However, there is limited information about the compounds responsible for its bacterial activities. The study aimed at isolation and characterisation of phytoche...

Background: Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) exhibit seasonal patterns influenced by biological, ecological, and climatic factors. Weather variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind impact the transmission of droplet-borne viruses, potentially affecting disease severity. However, the role of climate in predicting complications in pediatri...

Skull bone osteomyelitis in infants is a rare yet serious condition necessitating prompt evaluation and intervention to prevent complications. This study presents a unique case of zygomatic bone osteomyelitis in a 10- month-old female infant, a remarkably uncommon occurrence in the literature. The infant exhibited facial swelling and fever, with a...

Background: Crystal methamphetamine abuse is a growing concern due to its significant adverse effects on various organ systems. Case description: This report presents a rare case of pneumomediastinum, pneumoretroperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema resulting from crystal methamphetamine abuse. The exact mechanism linking methamphetamine abuse to p...

Introduction: Gasoline stations, as the final section, play an important role in distributing petroleum products. During their work shifts, operators working at these stations are in Exposure with a range of petroleum product vapors such as benzene, toluene, and other aromatic hydrocarbons, and on the other hand, they are in Exposure with particles...

Sauna use, practiced for thousands of years, has its roots in Finnish culture, where it was considered an essential part of health and hygiene. In recent years, a growing body of scientific research has confirmed the numerous health benefits associated with regular sauna use. This research review focuses on the effects of sauna sessions on the body...

The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections and immune-related disorders has intensified the search for effective immune-modulating interventions. Bacterial lysates, derived from inactivated bacterial components, have emerged as promising immune-boosting supplements. These lysates activate both innate and adaptive immune responses by interact...

Introduction The blood culture positivity rate in the emergency department (ED) is <20%; however, the mortality associated with Community-acquired bacteraemia (CAB) is as high as 37.8%. For this reason, several models have been developed to predict blood culture positivity for the diagnosis of CAB. Objective To validate two bacteraemia prediction...

Assessing the respiratory system of a patient receiving mechanical ventilation is complex. We provide an overview of an approach at the bedside underpinned by physiology. We discuss the importance of distinguishing between extensive and intensive ventilatory variables. We outline methods to evaluate both passive patients and those making spontaneou...

Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are major contributors to respiratory tract infections in young children worldwide. Despite their global significance, genomic surveillance of hPIV1 and hPIV2 had not previously been conducted in Russia. This study aimed to develop a robust amplicon-based sequencing protocol for these viruses. The designed primer...

Introdução: Pacientes internados em enfermarias estão sujeitos a situações complicadoras como o surgimento de delirium, a presença de dor e ainda o desenvolvimento de fraqueza muscular ou fragilidade. Baixos índices de mobilização também se associam a eventos adversos, aumentando a morbimortalidade dessa população. Objetivos: 1) Investigar a preval...

Background: Tracheostomy increases the morbidity of children, so it is desirable to remove the tracheal cannula (TC) or perform the decannulation as soon as possible. The clinical assessment ensures the child meets the conditions for decannulation. This is followed by decannulation, performed in a hospital environment according to the paediatric de...

A BSTRACT Context Diabetes is one of the most common comorbidities among hospitalized patients; however, reasons of hospitalization among diabetes patients are not well studied in Bangladesh. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the reasons of hospitalization among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods This cross-section st...

Coughing and sneezing are critical mechanisms for the transmission of airborne respiratory diseases, dispersing pathogen-laden aerosols into the environment. Previous human volunteer studies provided valuable insight into aerosol dynamics but lacked reproducibility due to individual variations. This paper presents a novel, replicable experimental s...

In the last few decades, several wearable devices have been designed to monitor respiration rate in an effort to capture pulmonary signals with higher accuracy and reduce patients' discomfort during use. In this article, we present the design and implementation of a device for real-time monitoring of respiratory system movements. When breathing, th...

Purpose Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis exacerbated by excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially among low- and middle-income countries including Pakistan. The paediatric population is a key area in view of their vulnerability and excessive prescribing of antibiotics in Pakistan. Consequently, there is an urgent...

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a virus-related illness that affects the respiratory system, first appeared in Wuhan province, China, in December 2019. By mid-January 2020, cases of COVID-19 were reported in numerous Asian countries, signaling the beginning of a global health crisis. Within a mere four months, the virus had spread to all continents...

In June 2022, Thailand legalized recreational cannabis. Currently, cannabis is now the most consumed drug. Cannabis usage can increase inflammatory responses in the respiratory tract. Sharing of cannabis waterpipes has been linked to increased tuberculosis risks. Using a national in-patient databank, we aimed to 1) describe the spatiotemporal corre...

Background In the CONPET study, multiple myeloma patients with abnormal 18FDG positron emission/computed tomography scan after upfront autologous stem cell transplantation were treated with four cycles of carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone (KRd). Side effect registrations show that carfilzomib might cause dyspnea, cough, respiratory tract infec...

DZIF-10c (BI 767551) is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody of the IgG1 kappa isotype. It acts as a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody. DZIF-10c has been developed for both systemic exposure by intravenous infusion as well as for specific exposure to the respiratory tract by application as an inhaled aerosol generated by a nebulizer. An integrate...

Airborne micro- and nanoplastics (AMNPs) are ubiquitously present in human living environments and pose significant threats to respiratory health. Currently, much research has been conducted on the relationship between micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, yet there is a clear lack of understanding regardi...

Purpose Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), a novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, plays an important role in the threat of emerging carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection. The study aims to analyze the clinical effectiveness and factors influencing treatment response to CZA for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infec...

ABSTRACT Long COVID is a condition that emerges following SARS-CoV-2 infection and persists for at least three months, with recurrent symptoms of varying intensity. Approximately 10% of COVID-19 patients do not experience full recovery from the initial infection. Women and individuals who experienced severe COVID-19 are at a higher risk of develop...

Infections through the respiratory tract

Air pollution is one of the biggest problems of our time because of its effects on both public and individual health as well as climate change. These air pollutants cause respiratory and cardiovascular disorders by penetrating the respiratory system through inhalation, making them significant contributors to human disease. Environmental issues pose...

The search for new non-invasive methods of investigating the functioning of human internal organs is an urgent task. One of these methods for assessing the functioning of the human respiratory system is electromagnetic sensing, which is based on a significant difference in the dielectric permittivity of muscle tissue and air. During breathing, when...

Cough is a protective reflex conveying information on the state of the respiratory system. Cough assessment has been limited so far to subjective measurement tools or uncomfortable (i.e., non-wearable) cough monitors. This limits the potential of real-time cough monitoring to improve respiratory care. Objective: This paper presents a machine hearin...

Machine Learning (ML) tem potencial para revolucionar o reconhecimento e a classificação de sons pulmonares, auxiliando no julgamento médico e na precisão diagnóstica. Este trabalho visa explorar, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, como o ML vem sendo aplicado na classificação de sons pulmonares e quais algoritmos são mais utilizados. Dentre os...

Introduction: Protection of the respiratory system has been a vital, and for this purpose, various solutions have been proposed, including the use of masks. One of the most important parameters to measure the effectiveness of the mask against the penetration of microbial agents. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the bacteri...

Pregnancy is a process characterized by various physiological and psychological changes. Yoga has been shown to reduce discomfort due to physiological and psychological changes in pregnancy. The study was made to update and provide a comprehensive picture of the effects of prenatal yoga on pregnancy compared to standard prenatal care. This integrat...

SARS-CoV-2, primarily affecting the respiratory system, is also found in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients, demonstrating wastewater as a significant route for viral RNA transmission. During high prevalence periods, healthcare facility wastewater became a potential contamination source. Understanding the role of wastewater in epidemiology is cru...

Background: Port activities can cause negative socio-environmental impacts, with air quality degradation being one of them.Objective: This study aimed to analyze a potential relationship between environmental air pollutants detected by the Environmental Company of the State of Sao Paulo (CETESB) air quality analysis station, located in Ponta da Pra...

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of disease that has never been identified in humans. This disease infects the respiratory tract and is usually transmitted through close physical contact and respiratory droplets. This community service activity aims to increase knowledge and insight among participants regarding the importance of m...

Background. More than 80% of the South African (SA) population receive their care in publicly funded primary care clinics. The majority come from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, and bear the greatest burden from infectious diseases. However, there are very limited published data on and evaluation of antibiotic prescribing linked to cli...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with numerous complications beyond the respiratory tract, including spinal and joint co-infections and secondary infections. However, we could not locate any reported cases of bilateral shoulder infections with additional spinal infections associated with mild (like our patient) COVID-19 or wi...

Background: Studies of infective endocarditis (IE) are generally limited to institutions, underlining the need for more comprehensive epidemiological research. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the mortality profile of IE-related deaths and related causes in Brazil at the national level and across regions. Method: We conducted a pop...

Introduction: Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is deep neck space infection which requires prompt diagnosis and management due to its potential life-threatening nature. In paediatric group it is most common between 3-5 years of age with infants presenting it very rarely. We are reporting a case series of all the children who were diagnosed of RPA and...

Objective Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary etiology of lower respiratory tract infection in children. The fluctuating incidence of RSV, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, has shifted the spotlight onto preventive strategies. Our study aims to investigate both the risk factors and clinical symptoms of RSV. Materials and...

Pigs are recognized as amplifying hosts for influenza A virus (IAV) reassortant viruses. Understanding the extent of IAV reassortment occurring at the individual pig level in naturally infected pigs and how reassortment impacts virus diversity, persistence, and replicative fitness is essential for countering IAV threats to humans and animals. Here,...

Background Anesthetic management of a patient with multiple giant bullae is generally difficult due to an increased risk of respiratory complications, and there is no consensus regarding safe extubation methods. We report a case of an effective use of a supraglottic airway (i-gel™) during emergence from anesthesia in a patient with multiple giant b...

The effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) against hospitalization risk due to all-cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older individuals in China is limited. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on this issue in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Cases were individuals who were newly diagnose...

El test de caminata de 6 minutos (TC6min) es una de las pruebas más utilizadas para evaluar la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en personas con alteraciones del sistema respiratorio. Nuestro objetivo fue describir la capacidad funcional de realizar ejercicio mediante el TC6min en adultos con alteraciones respiratorias. Además, estimamos el porcentaje pr...

Women’s participation in sports has been increasing and has led to increased concerns about the risk of sports injuries. However, epidemiological studies on the incidence of sports injuries in women’s basketball, particularly in Saudi Arabia, are lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sports-related injuries and illnesses during t...

In India, respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a significant public health concern, particularly among children and the elderly. The quality of life (QoL) of patients is greatly impacted by RTI. Enhancing patient care and treatment approaches requires an understanding of the variables that influence health-related QoL (HRQoL). Our study's goal wa...

Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease of the respiratory tract that can be prevented by vaccination. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccine coverage rate for the third dose of a DPT-containing vaccine was 86%, with large disparities among countries. Since 2022, many high-income countries have reported a resurgence of pertussis, espe...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have led to changes in the epidemiology of other respiratory pathogens. This study was conducted to explore the epidemiological characteristics of 13 respiratory pathogens, including 11 respiratory viruses and 2 non-classical microorganisms, in hospitalised p...

This paper reports an experimental study on the effects of extreme temperature on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells encapsulated in 3D printed samples. Well plates of the 3D printed samples were exposed to three levels of temperature (37 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C, respectively) for a duration of 10 min. Cells’ responses, specifically cell viability...

Objectives The objective of this study is to examine the hospitalisation profile for respiratory diseases in Australia between 1998 and 2019. Design An ecological study. Setting A population study that involved all private and public hospitalisations for respiratory diseases in Australia from 1998 to 2019. Data were gathered from the National Hos...

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) can be used to identify pathogens in the lower respiratory tract. To assess the utility of cetacean BALF in pathogen identification, we obtained 36 sets of fungal isolates from paired BALF and blow samples collected from six managed beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). In 13 sets, Candida tropicalis was isolate...

Objective To compare the risk of hospital admissions with infections and infections not in hospital in children born by caesarean section with children born by vaginal birth. Data sources Medline, Embase, and PubMed were searched with no restriction on start date up to 12 February 2024. Study selection Observational studies were included that rep...

This paper reports a case of pseudolithiasis caused by the use of ceftriaxone sodium. The patient, a 54-year-old female, presented with intermittent abdominal pain and distension for 1 month. Initial ultrasonography showed no abnormalities. However, after receiving ceftriaxone sodium treatment for an upper respiratory tract infection, she developed...

The purpose of this research is to develop Nearpod-based learning media to help improve students’ low learning outcomes and maximize the use of technology-based media at SDN Wonosari 02 Semarang City. This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) research with the ADDIE development model. The results showed that Nearpod-based learning m...

This study aims to develop e-module teaching materials that can be used by teachers and students both in school and outside school by developing one of the Plip Pdf Professional applications as an innovation media in a fun learning process. The type of research used is research and development (R&D). The sample in this study were biology teachers a...

Background It is not clear how chronic have varied comorbidities in patients with covid-19h in the community throughout the pandemic and endemic time. Objective To compare chronic diseases in cases of covid-19 during 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2024 years in the same population in general medicine. Methodology Comparison of secondary data among co...

The prevalence of respiratory nematodes in domestic animals has increased in Europe in recent decades. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most common parasitic nematode of the respiratory tract in felids, and an increase in its prevalence has been suggested in different European countries including Spain, with values ranging from 0% to 30%. The Baer...

Background/Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections, particularly affecting young infants, older adults, and individuals with comorbidities. Methods: This document, developed as a consensus by an international group of experts affiliated with the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunolo...

Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare, congenital myopathy with varied clinical presentation. This case report talks about varied manifestation of this condition among siblings from same couple with a rare specific mutation at molecular level among the known mutations reported for NM. The subsequently mentioned patient had severe respiratory distress an...

Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen, which can cause a range of reproductive tract diseases in both men and women. To disentangle the relationship between M. genitalium infection(s) and subsequent reproductive health complications at the population level, accurate serological tools are needed. The major challenge in developing...

Introduction and Purpose: Most cardiovascular problems are related to hypertension. Arterial hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or more. Hypertension usually does not cause symptoms for many years and if the blood pressure value is not regularly monitored, it is detected when complications occur in various organ...

Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) drive lung function decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). While the respiratory microbiota is clearly associated with RTI pathogenesis in infants without CF, data on infants with CF is scarce. We compared nasal microbiota development between infants with CF and controls and assessed associatio...

Introdução: A doença causada pelo novo coronavírus, covid-19, responsável pelo desencadeamento de uma síndrome aguda do sistema respiratório, foi detectada inicialmente na província de Wuhan, na China. A doença pode cursar de diferentes formas entre os indivíduos, variando desde casos assintomáticos até graves. Objetivo: Objetivou-se investigar a a...

In the European region, diphtheria is now rarely suspected in patients presenting with upper respiratory tract symptoms. Corynebacterium ulcerans is the underestimated zoonosis that is replacing C. diphtheria infections in industrialized countries, but extensive human and animal prevalence studies are lacking. The range of hosts that can act as res...