Respiratory System - Science topic

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a non-rare genetic condition that affects approximately 1 in every 800 live births worldwide. Further, it is associated with comorbidities, anatomical alterations of the respiratory tract, and immunological dysfunctions that make individuals more susceptible to respiratory infections. Objective: To systematize t...

Background No univocal recommendation exists for microbiological diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Sampling of either proximal or distal respiratory tract likely impacts on the broad range of VAP incidence between cohorts. Immune biomarkers to rule-in/rule-out VAP diagnosis, although promising, have not yet been validated. COVID-1...

Objectives The aim of this sequential mixed-methods study was to describe and understand how paediatric short stay admission (SSA) rates vary across Health Board regions of Scotland. Design Exploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Routinely acquired data for the annual (per capita) SSA to hospital were compared across the 11 regions. Five diver...

Problem Artificial intelligence has been widely investigated for diagnosis and treatment strategy design, with some models proposed for detecting oral pharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, or laryngeal carcinoma. However, no comprehensive model has been established for these regions. Aim Our hypothesis was that a common pattern in the cancerous appearance o...

Multiple facial fractures, which involve the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the face, are called Panfacial fractures, and their management is one of the biggest challenges in the field of maxillofacial surgery. The proximity of maxillofacial skeleton to important sensory or vital structures such as the visual, olfactory, masticatory and respira...

Global livelihoods are impacted by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease, which mostly affects the respiratory system and spreads via airborne transmission. The disease has spread to almost every nation and is still widespread worldwide. Early and reliable diagnosis is essential to prevent the development of this highly risky disease. The comput...

(1) Background. Exploring the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 load and clearance from the upper respiratory tract samples is important to improving COVID-19 control. Data were collected retrospectively from a laboratory dataset on SARS-CoV-2 load quantified in leftover nasal pharyngeal swabs (NPSs) collected from symptomatic/asymptomatic individuals who te...

Cyanide is one of the oldest poisons. Large doses of cyanide prevent cells from using oxygen and eventually these cells die. The heart, respiratory system and central nervous system are most susceptible to cyanide. Cyanide directly stimulates the chemo-receptors of the carotid and aortic bodies that results in hyperpnoea. Cardiac irregularities a...

INTRODUÇÃO: A frequência cardíaca (FC) é um parâmetro comumente utilizado para a prescrição de exercício. Para isso, idealmente deve-se coletar a FC máxima (FCmáx) de um teste incremental máximo. Alternativamente, a FCmáx pode ser estimada através de fórmulas ou testes de campo, como o teste do degrau de 6 minutos (TD6min). OBJETIVO: Comparar mensu...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial component that activates intracellular signaling pathways upon binding to the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/MD-2 complex. It is well known that LPS injected into animals and high-dose (100 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL) LPS treatment to innate immune cells induce an inflammatory response. In contrast, LPS is naturally presen...

Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) are common in children and may lead to complications. Most children experience between three to six RRTIs annually. Although these infections are self-limiting, symptoms can be distressing. Many treatments are used to control symptoms and shorten illness duration. Most have minimal benefit and may lead...

INTRODUÇÃO: A condição pós-COVID-19 afeta diversos sistemas do nossocorpo,principalmente o sistema respiratório, sendo a fadiga e dispneia dois dos sintomas mais comuns. Essacondição costuma ter um impacto negativo na capacidade funcional de exercício (CFE) dosindivíduos afetados, o que justifica a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação de perform...

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are distributed worldwide and are the predominant etiologic agent cause of the “common cold” in children and adults. HRVs-infected people are usually manifest self-limited and mild symptoms. НRVs are the leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections of childhood. Тhe increasing implementation of PCR assays has facili...

The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the state of respiratory system in young men living in the first ("critical", Muynak city and its surroundings), second ("relative well-being", Nukus city and its suburbs) and third ("well-being", southern part of the region) zones of territorial division of the Southern Priaralie. Statistically signi...

Acute Bronchiolitis is the most common viral lower respiratory tract infection in infants requiring hospitalization. Management is usually symptomatic and supportive with no specific treatment options. Although viral, Azithromycin by its anti-inflammatory properties might play a role in improving the clinical outcome. The objective was to assess th...

Objectives: Annual influenza vaccinations are recommended for patients with asthma to prevent against seasonal influenza and influenza-triggered asthma exacerbations. However, there is conflicting data as to the benefit of the influenza vaccine on the frequency of asthma exacerbations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children, resulting in annual epidemics worldwide. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions were applied, interfering with the circulation of most respiratory viruses, including RSV. The aim of t...

COVID-19, a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, poses significant threats to the respiratory system and other vital organs. Long non-coding RNAs have emerged as influential epigenetic regulators and promising biomarkers in respiratory ailments. The objective of this study was to identify candidate lncRNAs in SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals comp...

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is among the leading causes of death, usually in underdeveloped countries, being the state of Baja California with most cases and deaths in Mexico. This infection can affect pericardium, although infrequent and it represents 1-4% of the cases of tuberculosis. The relevance of this presentation is the difficult...

La COVID-19 es una enfermedad que afecta a la población mundial, representando un reto social y sanitario. El SARS-CoV-2 muestra afinidad por el sistema respiratorio, por ser la puerta de entrada y el sitio primario de replicación. Aunque las manifestaciones respiratorias sean las más frecuentes, se han reportado manifestaciones gastrointestinales,...

It is well known that there is a seasonality of respiratory infections, including influenza - that is, there are fluctuations in the incidence of various respiratory tract infections throughout the year, with an increase in the autumn-winter period. There is no generally accepted reason for this phenomenon. From a chemical point of view, the answer...

This paper's primary goal is to diagnose COVID‐19 contamination based on the artificial intelligence approach automatically. We used convolutional neural network deep learning algorithm for analyzing the ECG images to detect cardiac abnormalities, consequent of the contamination by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, responsible for the COVID‐19 epidemic. We des...

PURPOSE: Recurrent gram-negative bacteremia is defined as two or more episodes of bacteremi~ occurring in the same patient with an infection-free interval between each episode. Our purpose was to identify patients with recurrent gram-negative bacteremia in order to def'me possible risk factors for its recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a rece...

Background There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic altered the management of common infections in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate infection-coded consultation rates and antibiotic use during the pandemic and how any change may have affected clinical outcomes. Methods With the approval of NHS England, a retrospective cohort study usi...

A higher frequency of severe COVID-19 has been associated to pregnancy. Pregnant women are now regarded potentially sensitive to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection based on clinical experience with pregnancies complicated by infection by other coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome. The immu...

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are among the most frequent reasons for referrals to the pediatric emergency department (PED). The aim of this study is to describe the management of antibiotic prescription in febrile children with LRTI or CAP admitted to a third-level PED and to investig...

The end-stage stage of chronic diseases of solid organs is rather significant in the structure of morbidity and mortality among patients worldwide. To date, there are more than six million patients in this status worldwide. Heart, liver and kidney transplantation is the gold standard of treatment for these patients. The number of transplants is gro...

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) include any complication that affects the respiratory system after anesthesia and surgery and are a significant cause of postoperative mortality and morbidity. Objectives: To describe the risk factors for immediate postoperative pulmonary complications after appendectomy under general anesthes...

Pulmonary macrophages, such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions. While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) commonly infects the upper respiratory tract (URT) of humans, manifesting with mild cold or flu-like symptoms. However, in infants and the elderly, severe disease of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) often occurs and can develop into chronic airway disease. A better understanding of how an acute RSV infection trans...

Introduction Low- and middle-income countries carry the largest burden of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease, with most deaths occurring in these settings. This study aimed to investigate the burden of RSV disease in South African children hospitalised with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), with specific reference to incidence, risk...

Objective To estimate the association between household tenure and the odds of hospital admission for acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children under age 2 years. Methods We developed a birth cohort of all singleton children born in Scotland 2010-2012, using linked birth registration records and maternal Census 2011 data. Further...

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a key contributor to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), affecting children aged 0-5 years and often leading to outpatient visits, emergency department utilization, and hospitalization. With the development of hRSV vaccines for mitigation, understanding the epidemiological impact of hR...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is commonly associated with an increasing complexity of multimorbidity. While some progress has been made in identifying genetic and non-genetic risk factors for T2D, understanding the longitudinal clinical history of individuals before/after T2D diagnosis may provide additional insights. In this study, we utilised lo...

WHO identified this severe form of pneumonia caused by a new corona virus leading to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) on December 31, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).COVID-19 disease is believed to b...

Fungal detection in equine airways may be performed on either tracheal wash (TW) or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by either cytology or culture. However, method comparisons are sparse. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of fungi in airways of horses according to the sample site and laboratory methodology. Sixty-two adult horses, in...

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide emergency. The disease is characterized primarily by symptoms of the respiratory system, but also by systemic inflammation. Since the onset of the disease, there has been a need for biomarkers to predict the severity of the clinical picture and the outcome of the...

Purpose SARS-CoV-2 infection may be limited to the respiratory tract or may spread to multiple organs. Besides disease severity, factors associated with virus spread within the host are elusive. Here, we tried to identify features associated with SARS-CoV-2 spread to endocrine organs. Methods In a retrospective autoptic cohort of 51 subjects who d...

Non-human primate models are essential for the development of vaccines and antivirals against infectious diseases. Rhesus macaques are a widely utilized infection model for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We compared cellular tropism and virus replication in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 via the intranasal...

Subtype H10 avian influenza viruses (AIV) are distributed worldwide in wild aquatic birds, and can infect humans and several other mammalian species. In the present study, we investigated the naturally mutated PB2 gene in A/aquatic bird/South Korea/SW1/2018 (A/SW1/18, H10N1), isolated from wild birds during the 2018–2019 winter season. This virus w...

INTRODUCTON: Ceftriaxone has been recommended for empiric treatment for urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, but there are recommendations to limit its' use in order to prevent an increase in resistance rates. It is unclear however, whether the continued widespread use will increase resistance rates. METHODS: We included all patients hos...

Fine atmospheric particulates are associated with numerous environmental and health issues as they can penetrate deeply in the respiratory tract thereby adversely affecting the human health. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of trace elements in the respirable (PM2.5) fraction of the atmospheric particulates and to understand their...

Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that infects mainly the respiratory tract of individuals with pre-existing clinical pictures. In recent years, the incidence of infections of this microorganism has risen, in particular in patients with cystic fibrosis, leading to an exacerbation of their conditions. The actual therapeut...

The mucosa is a tissue that covers numerous body surfaces, including the respiratory tract, digestive tract, eye, and urogenital tract. Mucosa is in direct contact with pathogens, and γδ T cells perform various roles in the tissue. γδ T cells efficiently defend the mucosa from various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. In addition, γδ...

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely prevalent worldwide, and respiratory tract infections have become the primary cause of death in T2DM patients who develop concurrent infections. Among these, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection has been found to exhibit a high mortality rate and poor prognosis and is frequently observed in bacterial...

Viral respiratory tract infections are a significant public health concern, particularly in children. RSV is a prominent cause of lower respiratory tract infections among infants, whereas SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with lower overall severity in children than in adults. In this review, we aimed to compare the innate and adaptive immune...

Variability characterizes breathing, cellular respiration, and the underlying quantum effects. Variability serves as a mechanism for coping with changing environments; however, this hypothesis does not explain why many of the variable phenomena of respiration manifest randomness. According to the constrained disorder principle (CDP), living organis...

The demand to produce plastic has increased yearly; only in 2020, there was a production of approximately 368 million tons worldwide. According to Plastics Europe, from 2016 to 2018, a total of 29.1 Mt of plastic waste was generated, and 24% of this ended up in a landfill, generating problems due to accumulation. The increase in the demand for plas...

The present study investigates the effects of air pollution and climate factors on the acceleration of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and mortality. In particular, the correlations between O3, NO2, PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 concentrations with daily number of infections and fatalities caused by the second wave of COVID-19 during the time period March–June 2021...

Equine viral outbreaks have disrupted the socio-economic life of past human societies up until the late 19th century, and continue to be of major concern to the horse industry today. With a seroprevalence of 60-80%, equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) is the most common horse pathogen on the planet. Yet, its evolutionary history remains understudied. Here...

Primary immune deficiency (PID) is a large group of diseases characterized by defective immune function, leading to recurrent infections, and immune dysregulation. Clinical presentations, severity, and complications differ for each disease, based on the components of the immune system that are impacted. When patients with PID present with respirato...

Background Infections with influenza viruses cause severe illness, substantial number of hospitalization and death, especially in older adults. However, few studies have focused on the burden of influenza lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) solely in older adults, particularly in low-resource settings. Aims We aimed to estimate the mortalit...

Key Clinical Message Renal aspergillosis is a rare condition and this case the first case of Renal aspergillosis reported after COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Renal symptoms should arise clinical suspicion to renal involvement that happened as a result of hematogenous spreading of pulmonary aspergillosis. Abstract Secondary fungal in...

Background: Rothia mucilaginosa is appearing as an alarming pathogen for respiratory tract infection, infection of prosthetic devices and endocarditis. Over the past few years, Rothia sp. are frequently identified in a tertiary hospital of northern Bangladesh. Biochemical properties and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates were determi...

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of balloon-blowing exercise on respiratory parameters among children with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods: A quantitative research approach and quasi-experimental (two-group pretest–posttest design) were adopted for this study. The sample size was 40 children with lower resp...

Background Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare small vessel vasculitis predominantly affecting upper and lower respiratory tract and kidneys. Unilateral diaphragmatic palsy could be a rare manifestation of GPA. Here we report a case of GPA in a 45-year-old male with unilateral diaphragmatic palsy with pleuropericarditis. Case presenta...

Background Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), or nosocomial pneumonia, is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that was not incubated at the time of hospital admission and that presents clinically 2 or more days after hospitalization. Conducting research on nosocomial acquired pneumonia helps to raise awareness and raise awareness of the imp...

Background Respiratory system plays a crucial role in sustaining important physical functions; thus, the control of the respiratory system is the first aspect in good intensive care unit patient care. Respiratory care consists of preserving the patency of the airways, oxygen treatment, respiratory monitoring, dental care, and care linked to prevent...

The new nopine genus Roddenberryus gen. nov. is erected to include in total five species: three new species, R. kirk gen. et sp. nov. (male and female) from Costa Rica, R. spock gen. et sp. nov. (female) from Campeche, Mexico and R. mccoy gen. et sp. nov. (male) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, as well as two species previously misplaced in Caponi...

Pneumonia, also known as bronchitis, is caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia can be fatal to an infected person because the lungs cannot exchange air. The disease primarily affects infants and people over the age of 65. Every year, nearly 4 million people are killed by the disease, which affects an estimated 420 million people. It is cr...

Background To investigate the practicality of emergency surgical and conservative medical treatments in patients with giant nodular goiter complicated by severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related respiratory distress, evaluate the prognosis based on the two interventions, and explore the diagnosis and treatment plan of COVID-19-related res...

Objective To determine antibiotic prescribing appropriateness for respiratory tract diagnoses (RTD) by season. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Primary care practices in a university health system. Patients Patients who were seen at an office visit with diagnostic code for RTD. Methods Office visits for the entire cohort were categori...

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) occur when there is a lower airway tract infection. They are well-known for increasing the susceptibility of patients to bacterial/fungal co-infections and super-infections. In this study, we present the results of our investigation, which involved 381 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital during t...

The particle number concentration (PNC), particulate matter (PM1) and black carbon (BC) mass concentration limits are not available from standard air quality monitoring networks as well as for indoor level standards in many countries. Total personal exposure is often disproportionately affected by the relatively short amount of time spent in office...

INTRODUÇÃO: A COVID-19 é uma virose zoonótica que teve origem em Wuhan em dezembro de 2019. O sintoma inicial foi o aparecimento de severos casos de pneumonia repentinos. Contudo, a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 resulta, igualmente, em múltiplos acometimentos patológicos extrapulmonares, implicando consequências nos mais variados sistemas biológicos. OB...

Background: Anaemia and respiratory tract infections are common problems among infants and a complex relationship exists between iron status and infection. Studies on possible role of iron supplementation to prevent respiratory tract infection in healthy infants are needed so that strategies could be made at the community level to reduce its burden...

Objective Assess urgent care (UC) clinician prescribing practices and factors associated with first-line antibiotic selection and recommended duration of therapy for sinusitis, acute otitis media (AOM), and pharyngitis. Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants All respiratory UC encounters and clinicians in the Intermountain Health (IH) ne...

As well as being essential for musculoskeletal health, vitamin D is involved in numerous other physiological processes. Poor vitamin D status is linked to a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, autoimmune conditions, pulmonary disorders and upper respiratory tract infections. While optimal target concentrations of serum 25-hydr...

The transferred coronavirus infection is a change in body weight. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the changing in body weight of each individual differed from each other, if some gained weight, then others could observe a decrease in body weight. In this article, the change in body weight after recovery from COVID-19 was studied,...

The article discusses the use of antiviral drugs "Ingavirin" and "Triazavirin" in complex therapy for the treatment of calves with symptoms of damage to the respiratory system. The research was conducted on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education "Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy" (Izhevsk State Agricultural Acade...