Resilience - Science topic

I'm not sure but I think that absorbed energy is only related to toughness. To get the resilience you need correlations instead of an exact formula.

Best regards

Climate change is affecting some of the critical services that ecosystems provide to society. As, ecosystems provide a bounty of food to people. Climate changes, like drought and heat, could affect the availability and quality of some foods, as well as farmers' ability to grow certain crops. Impacts of climate change on ecosystems reduce their ability to improve water quality and regulate water flows. Rapid changes to ecosystems may cause the displacement or loss of many species. Timing of biological events is shifting, affecting species and habitats. Climate resilience is about successfully coping with and managing the impacts of climate change while preventing those impacts from growing worse. A climate resilient society would be low-carbon and equipped to deal with the realities of a warmer world. However, the elements which influence ecosystem resilience are complicated. As various elements such as the water cycle, fertility, biodiversity, plant diversity and climate, interact fiercely and affect different systems.Maintaining and restoring the diversity of local tree species increases forest resilience to the effects of climate change, and helps maintain their ecosystem services, as recommended by the EU Forest Strategy. The loss of an ecosystem's ability to recover from a disturbance whether due to natural events such as hurricanes or volcanic eruptions or due to human influences such as overfishing and pollution endangers the benefits that humans derive from that ecosystem. Some ecosystems are better at resisting change than others, and therefore have high resistance. Resilience is the ability and rate of an ecosystem to recover from a disturbance and return to its pre-disturbed state. Impacts of climate change on ecosystems reduce their ability to improve water quality and regulate water flows. Rapid changes to ecosystems may cause the displacement or loss of many species. Timing of biological events is shifting, affecting species and habitats. Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming. Various factors can cause a change in an ecosystem. These changes include climate, habitat, invasion, pollution, invasive species, over-exploitation, and pollution. When environmental conditions change, the kind of animals and plants found here also change. They include factors such as light, radiation, temperature, water, chemicals, gases, wind and soil. In some environments, such as marine environments, pressure and sound can be important abiotic components.

Minister hints at punishment with unprecedented letter to National Science Centre over project exploring the role of bondage and domination in the development of trans identities...

Climate Resilience and Sustainability is an interdisciplinary Open Access journal focused on research and practical experience of solutions that address the socioeconomic and biophysical impacts of climate change and lead to a sustainable and resilient environment, society and economy. Striving for Climate Resilient Development means reducing exposure and vulnerability to climate hazards, cutting back greenhouse gas emissions and conserving biodiversity are given the highest priorities in everyday decision-making and policies on all aspects of society including energy, industry, health, water, food. A combination of nature-based solutions and building improvements, like planting street trees and installing green roofs, can help mitigate extreme heat. Actions like these are especially important in historically marginalized communities, where climate impacts can exacerbate existing inequalities. On the other hand, resilience to climate change is defined as the capacity to prepare for, respond to, and recover from the impacts of hazardous climatic events while incurring minimal damage to societal wellbeing, the economy and the environment. Climate change and resilience deal with two aspects reduction of sources of non-renewable energy resources and reducing vulnerability of climate change aspects. The terms 'mitigation' and 'adaptation' are used to refer to these aspects, respectively. Climate is the single most important factor determining the geographic distributions of species and major vegetation types. It also influences the properties of ecosystems and the flows of energy and materials through them. Climate change can alter where species live, how they interact, and the timing of biological events, which could fundamentally transform current ecosystems and food webs. Climate change can overwhelm the capacity of ecosystems to mitigate extreme events and disturbance, such as wildfires, floods, and drought. By restoring and safeguarding ecosystems on land and in the ocean, we help plants and animals to build climate resilience. Nature, in turn, can help us regulate the climate, give us clean, safe water, control pests and diseases and pollinate our crops. In our daily lives, resilience and adaptation help us overcome major challenges and turn problems into effective solutions. Similarly, adaptation to climate change is about adjusting to a warmer world, in order to protect people, nature, our prosperity and way of life. In our daily lives, resilience and adaptation help us overcome major challenges and turn problems into effective solutions. Similarly, adaptation to climate change is about adjusting to a warmer world, in order to protect people, nature, our prosperity and way of life.

Yes I am interested in your research and would gladly participate.

Do you have a group of people writing measures about what to do before and after a disaster?

Do you have a group of people warning a kind of disaster before it takes place?

I think this is importat to take in mind

Am in agreement with your statements Muhammad Rashid in the header of this query. From an economic point of view, it is however important to recognize that the power structure of a nation (mainly the interplay of private accumulated wealth and political influence) decides about the educational agenda of a nation, i.e. the philosophical ethics of the national leadership is the to open the door of a learning agenda that pays for the future generations.

The Solow residual should be mentioned here:

The Solow residual is the portion of an economy's output growth that cannot be attributed to the accumulation of capital and labor, the factors of production. The Solow residual represents output growth that happens beyond the simple growth of inputs.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/solow-residual.asp#:~:text=The%20Solow%20residual%20is%20the,the%20simple%20growth%20of%20inputs.

Conclusion: The TFP (total factor productivity) of nation is based on learning processes that create value, i.e. economic processes and progress cannot be understand and managed, if the learning agenda is not permanently updated In a given nation.

In a world of change, the learners shall inherit the earth, while the learned shall find themselves perfectly suited for a world that no longer exists.

Eric Hoffer

Education rears disciples, imitators, and routinists, not pioneers of new ideas and creative geniuses. The schools are not nurseries of progress and improvement, but conservatories of tradition and unvarying modes of thought.

The whole of mankind's progress has had to be achieved against the resistance and opposition of the state and its power of coercion.

Economic progress is the work of the savers, who accumulate capital, and of the entrepreneurs, who turn capital to new uses.

Our newest book describes the resilience of (not just indigenous, but) Pre-Columbian and ancient people through the evidence they left behind in their emotionally expressive art.

Parenting, Human Needs, Cherished Values, and Wisdom That Never Fades—Captivating Ancient Art Shows What It Means to Be Human: The Story of Humanity, Our Shared Experiences, and Our Emotions

It has a generous free 'read sample' to see more details. (...and I just reduced the price of the book temporarily).

Hope that helps. Peter

(and here is the Researchgate link):

The 9-SRA scale is a simplified 9-item version of the SRA scale to assess altruism and for use in empirical studies focused on human and prosocial behavior.

22 religious survey questions to gain insights about an individual's religious beliefs

What religious family do you belong to or do you know yourself most closely?

Asian folk religion

Hindu

Jewish

Muslim

Christianity (Protestant Catholicism or any other Christian denominations)

Other than that, I am not religious (please specify)

Do you consider yourself committed to your religious teachings?

Yes

number

not sure

Unavailable

Are you the representative of your religious organization? (check all that apply)

Yes, I am part of the team leaders

I serve on the council or I am a trustee

I preach but do not have leadership responsibilities

No, I am not a recognized leader

Unavailable

To what level do you consider yourself religious?

And not religious

a little religious

Religious moderate

very religious

I don't know

Do you feel that being religious and spiritual is different?

Road safety, car safety and factors influencing the reduction of road accidents

A location-based case study is a research method that is used to investigate the effectiveness of nature-based solutions to flood resilience. This method involves collecting data from a specific location and analyzing it to determine the effectiveness of the nature-based solutions that have been implemented in that area.

To confer solutions to a problem that does not emanate at once rather through accumulation of factors that are directly or indirectly related, is not easy. Uncovering the pieces of the assemblages of these factors is challenging. unifying the individualized and collective solutions into a single form presents seeming impossibilities. Picking up one point for decision-making process or inserting it into policies requires doing, redoing, and reconstructions.

Dr Elias Odula Barasa thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Ecological resilience are as ecological robustness, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance.

Internalizing disorders are those characterized by anxiety, depressive, and somatic symptoms and externalizing disorders are those characterized by impulsive, disruptive conduct, substance use, and other addictive symptoms. The most common externalizing disorders in children and adolescents are ADHD, CD, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Collectively, these disorders often are referred to as disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) because they have the common characteristic of showing disruption in home, school, and other settings.Externalizing behaviors and disorders are characterized primarily by actions in the external world, such as acting out, antisocial behavior, hostility, and aggression. Internalizing behaviors and disorders are characterized primarily by processes within the self, such as anxiety, somatization, and depression.Genetic influences on resilience contribute to internalizing phenotypes to a higher degree than to externalizing phenotypes. Environmental influences can also have an enduring effect on resilience. The interactions between genes and environment shape human development. Despite the misconception that genes are “set in stone,” research shows that early experiences can determine how genes are turned on and off and even whether some are expressed at all. Genetic factors contribute significantly to resilient responses to trauma and stress. A range of human genes and polymorphisms associated with NPY, HPA axis, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, and BDNF have been linked to resilient phenotypes. At the individual level, the main factors are a few green spaces, low quality of the built environment, mutual distrust and lack of well-being perceived by residents. At the community level, the results suggest that the social environment, particularly its gatedness, is pivotal to individual resilience.Indeed, high genetic diversity bolsters the resilience of populations, because they harbour a higher adaptive capacity with which to respond to perturbations such as disease, environmental change, or declining environmental conditions. Some factors that increase resilience include the species richness of the ecosystem, ecological redundancy of species within the ecosystem, and higher humidity levels. The source, persistence, and intensity of the stressor can also impact resilience. Over time, species have developed traits to help them flourish in their natural environment and survive in changing environments and the more diverse genes a species has, the better its chances of resisting disease, prevailing over other stresses and adapting to changing conditions.

One similarity is that sustainability and resilience both refer to the state of a system or feature over time, focusing on the persistence of that system under normal operating conditions and in response to disturbances. Ecological sustainability requires that the allocation of economic resources should not result in the instability of the economy environment system as a whole. While sustainability looks at how current generations can meet their needs without compromising that ability for future generations, resilience considers a system's ability to prepare for threats, to absorb impacts, and to recover and adapt after disruptive events. Ecological sustainability as the maintenance or restoration of the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems including the diversity of plant and animal communities and the productive capacity of ecological systems. Ecological resilience, also called ecological robustness, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance. Economic sustainability is all about giving people what they want without compromising the quality of life, especially in the developing world. Environmental sustainability: It is the process of meeting the needs of air, food, water, and shelter as well as ensuring that the environment is neither affected nor polluted. Some factors that increase resilience include the species richness of the ecosystem, ecological redundancy of species within the ecosystem, and higher humidity levels. The source, persistence, and intensity of the stressor can also impact resilience. The main and most important factors in ecosystem resilience are namely: redundancy and modularity. Ecological redundancy is the functional compensation due to several species which perform similar functions in an ecosystem. Modularity is defined as the interconnectedness of the components of a system.

Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability. As species with high genetic diversity and many populations that are adapted to a wide variety of conditions are more likely to be able to weather disturbances, disease, and climate change. The greatest biodiversity is found in the tropical regions of the world, particularly among tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Biodiversity is increased by genetic change and evolutionary processes and reduced by habitat destruction, population decline and extinction.Maintaining high genetic diversity allows species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding. Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and reproduce.The idea of natural selection is that traits that can be passed down allow organisms to adapt to the environment better than other organisms of the same species. This enables better survival and reproduction compared with other members of the species, leading to evolution. Genetic diversity of plants, animals and other living organisms is what enables them to survive and thrive in this world. The capacity of species to adapt to new circumstances, whether this is resource scarcity, a changing environment or other disturbances to their natural environment, depends on genetic diversity. Ecosystem resilience is the inherent ability to absorb various disturbances and reorganize while undergoing state changes to maintain critical functions. Resilient ecosystems can also provide protection against disturbances that would reduce income or quality of life, such as storm surge protection and flood control. However, a community may be resilient despite being linked to resilient ecosystems. The main and most important factors in ecosystem resilience are namely: redundancy and modularity. Ecological redundancy is the functional compensation due to several species which perform similar functions in an ecosystem. Modularity is defined as the interconnectedness of the components of a system.

Dr Andrew Paul McKenzie Pegman thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability. As species with high genetic diversity and many populations that are adapted to a wide variety of conditions are more likely to be able to weather disturbances, disease, and climate change. Maintaining high genetic diversity allows species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding. Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and reproduce. Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Genetic diversity is a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population. Populations with high genetic diversity are better able to respond to environmental change than populations with lower genetic diversity. All the biological data and variation that makes life on our planet work is encoded in DNA. This is known as genetic diversity. It strengthens the ability of species and populations to resist diseases, pests, changes in climate and other stresses. Genetic diversity acts as a way for populations to adapt and respond to changing conditions and environments. Ecosystems that are more complex are more resilient, or better able to tolerate and recover from disturbances, than ecosystems that are less complex. To help illustrate why this is, imagine a complex ecosystem with many components and many interactions between those components. Genetic Diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species. In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits. Genetic diversity is critical for a population to adapt to changing environments. Genetic diversity is important because it could ensure that certain groups of individuals, species, or populations will be able to adapt to certain environmental factors. Besides having to deal with environmental conditions, genetic diversity renders them the ability to resist emerging diseases and epidemics.

Loss of genetic diversity could drive widespread loss of physiological versatility and ecological resilience, with flow-on effects cascading through to critical and potentially irreversible, changes to ecosystem structure and functioning.Indeed, high genetic diversity bolsters the resilience of populations, because they harbour a higher adaptive capacity with which to respond to perturbations such as disease, environmental change, or declining environmental conditions. Ecosystem resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to absorb change and return to the same equilibrium state after a temporary disturbance. Ecosystems with higher species diversity tend to be more resilient. Over time, species have developed traits to help them flourish in their natural environment and survive in changing environments. The more diverse genes a species has, the better its chances of resisting disease, prevailing over other stresses and adapting to changing conditions. Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability. For example, species with high genetic diversity and many populations that are adapted to a wide variety of conditions are more likely to be able to weather disturbances, disease, and climate change. Some factors that increase resilience include the species richness of the ecosystem, ecological redundancy of species within the ecosystem, and higher humidity levels. The source, persistence, and intensity of the stressor can also impact resilience. Healthy communities rely on well-functioning ecosystems. They provide clean air, fresh water, medicines and food security. They also limit disease and stabilize the climate.Genetic factors contribute significantly to resilient responses to trauma and stress. A range of human genes and polymorphisms associated with NPY, HPA axis, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, and BDNF have been linked to resilient phenotypes. Some of those include having a good support system, maintaining positive relationships, having a good self-image and having a positive attitude. Other factors that contribute to resiliency include: Having the capacity to make realistic plans.

Maintaining high genetic diversity allows species to adapt to future environmental changes and avoid inbreeding. Inbreeding, which happens when there are small, isolated populations, can reduce a species' ability to survive and reproduce. The greatest biodiversity is found in the tropical regions of the world, particularly among tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Biodiversity is increased by genetic change and evolutionary processes and reduced by habitat destruction, population decline and extinction. The idea of natural selection is that traits that can be passed down allow organisms to adapt to the environment better than other organisms of the same species. This enables better survival and reproduction compared with other members of the species, leading to evolution. Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. Genetic diversity of plants, animals and other living organisms is what enables them to survive and thrive in this world. The capacity of species to adapt to new circumstances, whether this is resource scarcity, a changing environment or other disturbances to their natural environment, depends on genetic diversity. Genetic Diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species. In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits. Biodiversity supports habitats for all species by providing many unique environments in which species can exist; these include ecosystems of all types and sizes, rare ecosystems, and corridors between habitats. This happens by the process of natural selection. By natural selection, the nature of the species gradually changes to become adapted to the niche. If a species becomes very well adapted to its environment, and if the environment does not change, species can exist for a very long time before they become extinct. Because genetic diversity within key species can be considered analogous to species diversity within a functional group, genetic diversity may be more likely to affect the resistance of ecosystems to perturbation than to affect the magnitude of ecosystem processes under “normal” conditions. Loss of genetic diversity could drive widespread loss of physiological versatility and ecological resilience, with flow-on effects cascading through to critical and potentially irreversible, changes to ecosystem structure and functioning.Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment.

Conserve habitat to support healthy fish, wildlife, and plant populations and ecosystem functions in a changing climate. Manage species and habitats to protect ecosystem functions and provide sustainable cultural, subsistence recreational and commercial use in a changing climate. Ecosystem stability is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain a steady state, even after a stress or disturbance has occurred. Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Higher biodiversity leads to a more stable ecosystem. However, there are contradictory opinions on the subject. Different factors may lead to stability loss. The very same factors almost always also cause loss of species diversity. In ecology, an ecosystem is said to possess ecological stability if it is capable of returning to its equilibrium state after a perturbation (a capacity known as resilience) or does not experience unexpected large changes in its characteristics across time. If the organisms keep using the present nutrients and resources without filling up the gaps of the used resources, the ecosystem might collapse. So a balance is maintained naturally between the availability and recycling the resources. This balance is known as the Stability of the Ecosystem.

Generally, resistance is characterized as the influence of structure and composition on disturbance, whereas resilience is characterized as the influence of disturbance on subsequent structure and composition. The resistance refers to the ability of a population to withstand the disturbance, whereas resilience refers to the ability to recover after suffering from the disturbance. Biodiversity consistently increases resistance; however, biodiversity effects on resilience depend on the direction and duration of climate events. Even determining, the structure and functions of ecological components – populations, com- munities and ecosystems. The capacity to weather a disturbance without loss is defined as resistance, whereas resilience is the capacity to recover from a disturbance after incurring losses, which may be considerable. Both resistance and resilience cause an ecosystem to remain relatively unchanged when confronted to a disturbance, but in the case of resistance alone no internal re-organization and succession change is involved. This can lead to collapse of the system when a disturbance threshold is exceeded.

Ecosystems that are more complex are more resilient, or better able to tolerate and recover from disturbances, than ecosystems that are less complex. To help illustrate why this is, imagine a complex ecosystem with many components and many interactions between those components. Factors that increase resilience include the species richness of the ecosystem, ecological redundancy of species within the ecosystem, and higher humidity levels. The source, persistence, and intensity of the stressor can also impact resilience. Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Resilience of human communities can also impact the resilience of ecosystems. Human actions resulting in changes in land use, nutrient cycling, hydrology, or pollution levels can reduce ecosystem resilience. Ecosystem resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to absorb change and return to the same equilibrium state after a temporary disturbance. Ecosystems with higher species diversity tend to be more resilient. The loss of an ecosystem's ability to recover from a disturbance whether due to natural events such as hurricanes or volcanic eruptions or due to human influences such as overfishing and pollution endangers the benefits that humans derive from that ecosystem. There are different types of resilience that we need to develop in order to support ourselves during challenging times. These include physical resilience, mental resilience, emotional resilience and social resilience. Ecosystems that are more complex are more resilient, or better able to tolerate and recover from disturbances, than ecosystems that are less complex. To help illustrate why this is, imagine a complex ecosystem with many components and many interactions between those components. Biodiversity loss is caused by five primary drivers: habitat loss, invasive species, overexploitation pollution, climate change associated with global warming. Ecosystem stability and the response of ecosystems to disturbance are of crucial importance for conservation management, especially when the object is to maintain and/or to restore early-succession communities. The presence of keystone species influences the biodiversity in a particular ecosystem. If any of these species is lost, it can affect the ability of an ecosystem's resilience or the ability to recover after an environmental disturbance. Biodiversity is fundamental to sustaining life, supplying critical ecosystem services such as food provisioning, water purification, flood and drought control, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. These services are essential to support human well-being and economic growth. The biodiversity provides raw materials for the survival of the livelihood within it. Soil fertilization, nutrient recycling, pest and disease regulation, erosion control, and crop and tree pollination are all provided by biodiversity. Conserve habitat to support healthy fish, wildlife, and plant populations and ecosystem functions in a changing climate. Manage species and habitats to protect ecosystem functions and provide sustainable cultural, subsistence recreational, and commercial use in a changing climate.

Ecosystem resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to absorb change and return to the same equilibrium state after a temporary disturbance. Ecosystems with higher species diversity tend to be more resilient. Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Ecosystem resilience is the inherent ability to absorb various disturbances and reorganize while undergoing state changes to maintain critical functions. Healthy communities rely on well-functioning ecosystems. They provide clean air, fresh water, medicines and food security. They also limit disease and stabilize the climate. Biodiversity consistently increases resistance; however, biodiversity effects on resilience depend on the direction and duration of climate events. An ecosystem with a large number of species is more resilient against disturbances, because it has a greater overall biodiversity. This biodiversity enhances the overall sustainability and fitness of all organisms. There are different types of resilience that we need to develop in order to support ourselves during challenging times. These include physical resilience, mental resilience, emotional resilience and social resilience.

Dear Sachin Kumar thank you for your contribution to the discussion

Ecosystem resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to absorb change and return to the same equilibrium state after a temporary disturbance. Ecosystems with higher species diversity tend to be more resilient. Diversity and biological balance may influence the functioning and stability of ecological systems. Scientists generally agree that as the number of species in any particular type of ecological system declines, that system can potentially lose its resilience. The greater the amount of genetic and species variation in an ecosystem, the more resilient that ecosystem is to disturbances. Variation in ecosystems across the Earth also contributes to the Earth's resilience to unpredictable changes. Biodiversity is the key indicator of the health of an ecosystem. A wide variety of species will cope better with threats than a limited number of them in large populations. Even if certain species are affected by pollution, climate change or human activities, the ecosystem as a whole may adapt and survive. Some factors that increase resilience include the species richness of the ecosystem, ecological redundancy of species within the ecosystem, and higher humidity levels. The source, persistence, and intensity of the stressor can also impact resilience. Biodiversity consistently increases resistance; however, biodiversity effects on resilience depend on the direction and duration of climate events. Ecosystem stability and the response of ecosystems to disturbance are of crucial importance for conservation management, especially when the object is to maintain and/or to restore early-succession communities. The main and most important factors in ecosystem resilience are namely: redundancy and modularity. Ecological redundancy is the functional compensation due to several species which perform similar functions in an ecosystem. Modularity is defined as the interconnectedness of the components of a system. Thus, biodiversity help in soil formation, reducing pollution, protection of land, water and air resources. These functions of biodiversity are important for ecosystem functions and stability. Ecosystem services: Biodiversity underpins the basis of all the ecosystem services on the planet. Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans. Without a wide range of animals, plants and microorganisms, we cannot have the healthy ecosystems that we rely on to provide us with the air we breathe and the food we eat. And people also value nature of it. Without biodiversity, our entire support system for human, as well as animal life would collapse. We rely on nature to provide us with food and clean water, for a lot of medicines, and to prevent flooding and other extreme weather effects. Biodiversity is the presence of different species of plants and animals on the earth. Moreover, it is also called biological diversity as it is related to the variety of species of flora and fauna. Biodiversity plays a major role in maintaining the balance of the earth. Biodiversity helps in sensing how life functions and the role of each species in sustaining ecosystems. The level of biodiversity is a good indicator of the state of the relationships of human beings with other living species.

The structure and functions of ecological components populations, communities and ecosystems. The capacity to weather a disturbance without loss is defined as resistance, whereas resilience is the capacity to recover from a disturbance after incurring losses, which may be considerable. Ecosystems that are more complex are more resilient, or better able to tolerate and recover from disturbances, than ecosystems that are less complex.

Resilience is generally considered the capacity to tolerate, absorb, cope with, and adjust to changing social or environmental conditions while retaining key elements of structure, function, and identity. Biodiversity consistently increases resistance; however, biodiversity effects on resilience depend on the direction and duration of climate events.

Climate resilience agriculture (CRA) is an approach to farming that aims to improve the ability of agricultural systems to cope with climate change impacts, such as increasing temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events. CRA focuses on building the resilience of agroecosystems, which includes both the biophysical components (e.g., soil, water, crops, livestock) and social components (e.g., farmers, communities, institutions) of the farming system.

Compared to conventional farming practices, CRA typically involves a range of interventions that are designed to enhance the adaptive capacity of the farming system. These may include practices such as crop diversification, intercropping, agroforestry, soil conservation, water management, and use of improved crop varieties that are tolerant to drought, heat, or pests.

One of the key differences between CRA and conventional farming is the focus on system-level resilience rather than maximizing yields. CRA aims to promote a more holistic and diversified approach to farming that considers the trade-offs and synergies between different components of the system. In contrast, conventional farming practices often prioritize maximizing yields through the use of high-input, monoculture-based production systems that may be more vulnerable to climate change impacts.

In order to increase resilience we have to breed new verities and cultivars of crops, here is some videos on the topic:

More videos on breeding:

Breeding - repeatability of traits https://youtu.be/soxbOHf-mM0

How to predict Selection response (Breeding and Selection) https://youtu.be/tikwKFU1riQ

Biologically diverse communities are also more likely to contain species that confer resilience to that ecosystem because as a community accumulates species, there is a higher chance of any one of them having traits that enable them to adapt to a changing environment. Greater biodiversity in ecosystems, species, and individuals leads to greater stability. For example, species with high genetic diversity and many populations that are adapted to a wide variety of conditions are more likely to be able to weather disturbances, disease, and climate change. Ecosystem resilience is the inherent ability to absorb various disturbances and reorganize while undergoing state changes to maintain critical functions. Ecological resilience, also called ecological robustness, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass production after being subjected to damage caused by an ecological disturbance. Biodiversity is the name given to the variety of ecosystems species and genes in the world or in a particular habitat. It is essential to human wellbeing, as it delivers services that sustain our economies and societies. The main and most important factors in ecosystem resilience are namely: redundancy and modularity. Ecological redundancy is the functional compensation due to several species which perform similar functions in an ecosystem. Modularity is defined as the interconnectedness of the components of a system. In the context of climate change, it refers to ecological resilience, or the ability of a natural system to rebound after a disturbance. Resilience refers to the ability of a system to take advantage of resources or cope with consequences. Conserve habitat to support healthy fish, wildlife, and plant populations and ecosystem functions in a changing climate. Manage species and habitats to protect ecosystem functions and provide sustainable cultural, subsistence recreational and commercial use in a changing climate. Resilience thinking is about generating increased knowledge about how we can strengthen the capacity to deal with the stresses caused by environmental change. It is about finding ways to deal with unexpected events and crises and identifying sustainable ways for humans to live within the Earth's boundaries. Ecosystem resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to absorb change and return to the same equilibrium state after a temporary disturbance. Ecosystems with higher species diversity tend to be more resilient.

Learning from flood risk management in other countries:

(a) UK:

1. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.2001.tb06507.x

2. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4200-3_1

3. and Germany https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12305

4. http://www.ilankelman.org/articles1/lewisetal.2009corr.pdf

(b) Norway:

5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01074.x

6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2010.01080.x

(c) Czech Republic:

7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42922-9_5

8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9504-9

9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12132

(d) Bangladesh

10. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080805

11. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-12-2017-0318

12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.06.011

Genetic diversity serves as a way for populations to adapt to changing environments. With more variation, it is more likely that some individuals in a population will possess variations of alleles that are suited for the environment. Those individuals are more likely to survive to produce offspring bearing that allele. Loss of genetic diversity could drive widespread loss of physiological versatility and ecological resilience, with flow-on effects cascading through to critical and potentially irreversible, changes to ecosystem structure and functioning.

Hola Julián,

No, no es tarde.

El taller lo vamos a celebrar dentro de dos semanas, pero las respuestas al cuestionario siempre son bienvenidas.

yo también acabo de ver la respuesta... lástima

Te envié un mail directo, pero no sé si tengo tu dirección actual.

Si lo puedes circular, te lo agradezco.

Espero que todo vaya bien.

Un saludo

Dear Himanshu Tiwari ,

Proso millet is a drought-tolerant, short-season grain crop produced in various parts of the world for food and feed. Here are several agroecological practises that can help Proso millet agriculture be more sustainable and resilient: Crop rotation is a key strategy for improving soil fertility and reducing pests and illnesses. Rotating proso millet with leguminous crops like cowpea or pigeon pea can help fix nitrogen in the soil and promote soil health. Intercropping: Intercropping Proso millet with other crops can boost agroecosystem production and resilience. Intercropping Proso Millet with legumes or vegetables such as cowpea, chickpea, or okra, for example, can supply additional nutrients while also protecting against pests and illnesses.

Water management practises such as rainwater collecting and drip irrigation can increase Proso millet cultivation's tolerance to drought and unpredictable rainfall. Rainwater gathering techniques, such as contour farming or micro-catchments, and drip irrigation systems, which may offer precise and efficient water distribution to the crop, can be used to cultivate proso millet. Overall, these agroecological practises can improve Proso millet cultivation's sustainability and resilience by improving soil health, enhancing biodiversity, minimising pests and illnesses, and saving water and other natural resources.

Here is fine source. For example, Italy is not on the list.

A report by the union Education International which represents millions of teachers worldwide says that many countries are neglecting commitments to provide climate change education. Its research says that out of 95 countries that have submitted new or updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as part of their commitment to the Paris Agreement’s goals, just 24% specifically mentioned the education of young people. It says that none are calling for compulsory Climate Change Education (CCE) as part of their national climate strategy...

For involving local government administration in our project of Rainwater Management of a whole village, We 1stly took the official way of written application to Chief District Administrator.

We made sure that written application must be signed by Elected Village admins along with govt appointed admin officer at village level and each farmer of the village.

In India, Villages are entitled with various grants from District, State and Central Government for Village development budgeting around $50000 per year. These grants are apart from grants from international NGOs.

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So, We followed up for around a 18 months to district administration to approve us funds of around $ 20000 for project Development.

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After that approval, The work was given to a construction department of the district, then that department issued open tender for the project.

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After participating in Tender process and competition, We won the bid and then executed the project.

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So whole completion took around 30 months.

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Our behaviour with Govt officials is important link. They should not feel Us or our project as burden. Make each paper ready for them as per their departmental requirements is the 1st requirement. Because whatever emotion they have for your villages/project they cannot afford gaps in paper work. Then easing their works with patience about your project is the only way to get their support.

Biological control is the use of living organisms to suppress pest populations, making them less damaging than they would otherwise be. Natural enemies of insects play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pests. These natural enemies include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Pest control devices use mechanical or physical methods to trap, destroy, repel, or mitigate a pest as glue boards, noisemakers, shiny foils that frighten birds, and bug zappers are pest control devices. Insect species typically respond to warmer temperatures with faster developmental rates and greater reproductive potential, which can increase both the number of generations within a season and the rate of population growth. There are several non-chemical methods available to eradicate or reduce the amounts of pathogens in the soil. The use of solar, dry or steam heat is the most effective non-chemical means to disinfect soil. The time to treat soil is before seeding or transplanting. Use disease-free and weed-free seed to prevent diseases and weeds from being introduced. Control alternate host plants of insects and diseases. Minimize moisture conditions optimum for disease development by carefully managing irrigation water applications. Sweep up individual bugs and nests and cut off their air supply by placing them in sealed vacuum bags. Use mousetraps, jar traps, pheromone traps, and other nontoxic bait. Dust cracks and crevices with boric acid powder, which will slowly poison crawling insects but is less toxic to humans than pesticides are.Natural pest control refers to pest control methods that rely on natural (chemical-free) remedies. From essential oils to fly traps to food grade Diatomaceous Earth, several natural elements can help control the pest population. The use of biological control suppresses the pest populations, making them less damaging than they would be. They play an important role in limiting the densities of potential pest and include natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens.

I would like to share part of a project Urban Agriculture, where you could find the recent data and analysis. You could also contact with the researchers.

and one really valuable book: https://www.amazon.com/Agriculture-Strategy-Improving-Quality-Communities/dp/3030947424

Future urban planning should prioritize the balance between human and natural systems, as well as the sustainability and resilience of cities. This can be achieved through the integration of green spaces, sustainable infrastructure, and the promotion of environmentally-friendly transportation options. It is also important to involve the community in the planning process and consider their needs, as well as the impacts of climate change and natural disasters. Overall, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach is necessary to ensure the long-term viability and health of cities.

"Shenzhen — How to further implement the sustainability and resilience towards 2030?" has been published in the journal of Cities.

OR using this link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104263

Any comments and suggestion would be greatly appreciated. #sustainability

a. Identify key frameworks and theories: Begin by identifying key frameworks and theories from resilience/well-being and personality psychology that align with your objectives. Examples include the PERMA model of well-being, the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the Big Five personality traits, and the self-determination theory.

b.

Compare and contrast frameworks: Once you have identified key frameworks, compare and contrast them to identify similarities, differences, and potential areas of integration. For example, the PERMA model emphasizes positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, while the Big Five personality traits focus on extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness.

c. Identify potential areas of integration: Based on your comparison and contrast, identify potential areas of integration between the different frameworks. For example, positive emotions from the PERMA model could be linked with extraversion from the Big Five personality traits to create a more comprehensive understanding of well-being.

d. Develop a new combined framework: Using the potential areas of integration identified, develop a new combined framework that incorporates key concepts from both resilience/well-being and personality psychology. This new framework could include specific strategies and practices that can promote resilience, well-being, and positive personality development.

e. Test and refine the new framework: Once you have developed a new combined framework, test it using different methods such as surveys, interviews, and experiments to ensure its validity and reliability. Refine the framework based on feedback and further testing to enhance its effectiveness.

f. Implement and disseminate the new framework: Implement the new combined framework in different settings such as schools, workplaces, and communities to promote resilience, well-being, and positive personality development. Disseminate the framework through publications, workshops, and online resources to reach a wider audience.

Resilience/Well-being frameworks:

Personality Psychology frameworks:

Hey, maybe this can help. Data were collected from HR profesionals.

Have a look and if you don't have access I can dm the full text. Enjoy

SME what does it mean here?

Thanks @Donkor for suggesting but the Article Publishing Charge for this journal is USD 2550, excluding taxes!!!

Isn't high?

Revered Professor Dr.Isuru Koswatte,

The term "Resilience" is explained that how to manage things in the difficult situations.

It is the new concept of Resilience has been involved in all the spheres of life like Individual, Organizational and Macro level connotations.

The area of Sustainable Development Goals has been realized on the side of safer issues without facing any hardships rather to escape from the shocks and threats from the toughest situations.

Individual Perspective:

An individual has the capacity to manage by himself or for his family to get out of the catastrophically instead of facing the challenges.

It is related to psychological aspects of the individual including the variables such as age, education, family size, household income etc. SDGs have brought the guidelines to come out of the poverty through these adaptation mechanisms.

Organizational Perspective:

Institutions have the capacity to coordinate all the departments to look at it the problems or foresee the challenges to protect precautionary measures to get rid of it intellectually.

Institutions have more aware of knowing the untoward things by predicting as early as possible because these problems could affect the growth and development of the institutions slightly or abundantly. The adaptation mechanisms of the Organizations have something greater than individuals.

Macro level or National level Perspective:

This is the country level consideration of maintaining things against the Resilience. It may affect the nations geographically.

It could be the Regions, Zonals, Districts and Villages level.

United Nations SDGs have the multi focussed objectives to manage the human beings, livestocks, natural resources if land, rivers, mountains, vegetation agriculture etc.

Hi Dear Tanmay,

I think that the Andreas Wieland et al. (2023) recent paper can bring you some insights.

Thinking differently about supply chain resilience: what we can learn from social-ecological systems thinking (https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJOPM-10-2022-0645/full/html)

Dear Talia,

You can send a formal email in this regard to the chief editor.

I would look into the DESSA SEL Assessment by Aperture Education. It is a strength based SEL assessment for K-12 students designed to measure resilience. I can’t speak to its potential for measuring resilience in refugee children, specifically, but it has been designed to account for a wide range of cultures, backgrounds and experiences.

Kindly register your review protocol with PROSPERO

Hi Marzieh,

Saeid Charani Shandiz and Behzad Rismanchi have investigated in this field. It will be good if you contact them.

For better or worse, the term "semi-structured Interview" is only loosely defined in qualitative research. I personally think of it as meaning that the interviewer starts with a written interview guide, but has considerable freedom with regard to how to follow that guide, such as changing the order in which questions are asked, probing more deeply into some questions than others, and so on. None of that is possible with an online, open-ended questionnaire, so I would call that structured rather than semi-structured.

Measures of Building Resilience and Structural Robustness Project | NIST

Check this link out, it provides many references.

George Engel’s biopsychosocial model firmly believes that a combination of three important factors; namely, biological, social, and psychological, is the best way to completely understand health and its issues. PsycholoGenie gives you a general overview of the biopsychosocial model.

By Julie O’Shaughnessy, Tonia https://www.huronconsultinggroup.com/insights/building-organizational-resilience

I think this is a useful paper. Among other things the authors point out that a leader must:

Many workers refrain from sharing new ideas because they fear the repercussions of being wrong. ...

Dear Jack,

just to add to the previous answers, there are various approaches for capacity and resilience in the literature, based on engineering, ecological definitions, static or dynamic measures (including functions of the system's performance, adaptive and withstanding capacity, transformability), recovery-related metrics, hazard-based definitions, and also statistical metrics (e.g. the Hashimoto resilience). So, I'd make a review on such approaches and then try to find which one(s) suits best and is more meaningful for the specific problem you are studying.

Hope this helps,

Angelos

Structural Resilience of Infrastructure | NIST

Classify the households based on resource ownership or socio-economic status, then focus your indepth analyses on the children in the households. Discuss your results in a comparative manner.

Greetings

How To Overcome Adversity in the Workplace (With Example) | Indeed.com

Adversity and theory development - PubMed (nih.gov)

The efficient administration always indulged itself for the better outcomes.it perform obligation to bring the revolutionary changes for the set up . it need to focus on the weaknesses of the system to make amendment for ultimate results

Have you addressed the imperatives of informed consent in carrying out research especially with children?

In summary: from one boiata to another.

Natural systems are inseparable from human systems, so all these topics must be explored in tandem:

(a) https://www.acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/866

(b) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2294-0

(c) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0038-5

(d) https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132513518834

(e) https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12457

(f) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9566-x

(g) https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000290

(h) https://www.whp-journals.co.uk/JPS/article/view/647/482

(i) http://trauma.massey.ac.nz/issues/2011-3/AJDTS_2011-3_03_Lewis.pdf

As well as two blogs http://www.urbanresilienceresearch.net/2016/04/20/how-resilient-is-resilience and https://mahb.stanford.edu/blog/keep-resilience-language-simple

(PDF) Employee Resilience Scale (EmpRes) Measurement Properties (researchgate.net)

Thank you all very much for sharing your thoughts and knowledge, what a great community. After hesitating and presenting other topics (modern slavery, gender), I have finally decided to go with the project of Urban planning and Public spaces in Lebanon. I am currently just starting research, with good direction thanks to all of you, and will be in the field in two weeks time.

Kenny Chiu You are so right about all the definitions of resilience! As one example, our contributions over the years:

Some thoughts on resilience, with the last two being about cities:

(a) https://www.acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/866

(b) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2294-0

(c) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0038-5

(d) https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132513518834

(e) https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12457

(f) http://www.ilankelman.org/articles1/kelman2008udp.pdf

(g) http://www.az.itu.edu.tr/azvol11no1web/05-WeichselgartnerKelman-1101.pdf

As well as two blogs http://www.urbanresilienceresearch.net/2016/04/20/how-resilient-is-resilience and https://mahb.stanford.edu/blog/keep-resilience-language-simple

A tinny biological agent has shaken the whole globe and changed the economy, the policies, and the different strategies of many countries. This biological agent differs from others in the way that it may goes away and comes back again with a different shape.

For all items, a higher score(range 1–5) indicates greater agreement with the statement. The global ARS-30 score represents the summation of responses to the 30 individual items, with a higher global score (theoretical range 30–150) reflecting greater academic resilience

Detail you can find below: (PDF) The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A New Multidimensional Construct Measure. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310765498_The_Academic_Resilience_Scale_ARS-30_A_New_Multidimensional_Construct_Measure [accessed May 20 2022].

Hello, may I ask on how could I determine if the scores from Academic Resilience Scale is low or high?

I don't see anything wrong if you could replicate the regression on your own separate data and obtain your results. This is in spite of your knowledge of the results of correlation between the variables involved.

Dear Md Nawaz Sarif

Thanks for bringing to the forefront of this public platform your interesting question.

I use to distinguish between what I call personal families and positional families. In the former, children/students are encouraged to respect all persons, regardless of their age, gender, skin color or their socio-economic status, just to mention four factors. In the latter, children/students are encouraged to respect those who, either within the school or the home, have more physical, psychological or spiritual power. Research (see, for the respect, the work by Urie Bronfenbrenner on the ecology of human development) has shown that, when compared to children/students of positional families, children/students of personal families tend to be more developed, for example, in terms of cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, prosocial and moral development.