Representation - Science topic

Hello Avanthi Pabbisetty ;

Good question. If you are developing a fermented beverage, then it is correct for you to report your antioxidant results in terms of the volume of your sample (mL, uL, etc.). Bear in mind that for calculating the IC50 you need a plot of inhibition percent vs. extract concentration of your sample. For solid samples concentrations would be in mg/L; in your case you would need a v/v concentration; e.g. mL/L. After this you can convert these concentration to mL / kg of DPPH, or equivalent, considering the amount of reacted DPPH.

For the FRAP analysis, standards are used, and the results are expressed as equivalents of Trolox or Fe2+ as: mmol Trolox/mL of sample, or mmol Fe2+/mL. Here I include as a reference, a link to one of our paper related to antioxidant activity of tomato samples.

Hope this helps for your research.

Regards

, Carlo Ruzzo , Arun Patil

Hii all , i am also stuck in one similar problem,

I am trying to solve an isolator suspension problem in which a mass(pink) is suspended using 4 Nos of 3D springs(Isolators) connecting to grey bodies(fixed). I want to carryout response studies to find harmonic and random responses on mass.

I tried using bushing element in ANSYS mechanical. Here in connections I have provided relevant stiffness and damping in matrix form for bushing elements.

Also overall damping ratio of 0.02 % is given as input under harmonic analysis tab.

Analysis shows that response is function only of harmonic damping ratio not one given in bushing element . Can anyone pls comment on this?

Dear Ed Gerck

Thank you very much for asking this question. The paths of discovery in mathematics are indeed surprising as we see from the following observation concerning the convergence of ideas of Coxeter and Bourbaki discussed in the following blog:

I think that the above discussion provides a positive answer to your question and underlines how important is to know the history of mathematics.

Thats a double y graph, see below link:

Unconfined Compression Test is used to assess the mechanical properties of rocks and fine-grained soils. it is commonly used to quickly determine a measure of the unconfined compressive strength of rocks or fine-grained soils (clays).The measured axial load and the axial and lateral deformation are used to derive the sample’s elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio.

The best way to display your graphs with variables whose values change is to use the well-known program "Matlab"

Use the plot function inside an iteration chain of variables that takes all the variables' values For more information, see the Matlab book link and you will find the answer

good luck.

Thanks for this

Hello Pradeep,

reverse causality represent the most dramatic form of misspecification--namely that y causes x instead of x causing y. A similar issue is simultaneity which means that there is a feedback loop among both.

There are two roads to test for both:

1) using longitudinal data and assuming that the time lag approximately matches the causal lag. In this scenario you can apply some sort of vector autoregressive model (e.g., a cross-lagged panel model). If you have more then 2 waves of data, continuous time modeling would be an option that is especially suited when you have non-matching lags or different measured lags

Driver, C. C., & Voelkle, M. C. (2018). Understanding the time course of interventions with continuous time dynamic models. In K. van Montfort, J. H. L. Oud, & M. C. Voelkle (Eds.), Continuous time modeling in the behavioral and related sciences (pp. 79-109). Springer.

Ryan, O., Kuiper, R. M., & Hamaker, E. L. (2018). A continuous-time approach to intensive longitudinal data: What, why, and how? In K. Van Montfort, J. H. Oud, & M. C. Voelkle (Eds.), Continuous Time Modeling in the Behavioral and Related Sciences (pp. 27-54). Springer.

Voelkle, M. C., Oud, J. H. L. L., Davidov, E., & Schmidt, P. (2012). A SEM approach to continuous time codeling of panel data: Relating authoritarianism and anomia. Psychological Methods, 17(2), 176-192. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027543

Hamaker, E. L., Kuiper, R. M., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2015). A critique of the cross-lagged panel model. Psychological Methods, 20(1), 102-116.

2) When you have cross-sectional data, it becomes more tricky and requires some sort of instrumental variable method--again assuming that the time intervall inherent in the measure of the variables and the stability of the IV is not too fare from the causal lag

Foster, E. M., & McLanahan, S. (1996). An illustration of the use of instrumental variables: Do neighborhood conditions affect a young person's chance of finishing high school? Psychological Methods, 1(3), 249-260. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1037/1082-989X.1.3.249

Gennetian, L. A., Magnuson, K., & Morris, P. A. (2008). From statistical associations to causation: What developmentalists can learn from instrumental variables techniques coupled with experimental data. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.381

HTH

Holger

I should add, at the heart of One Country, Two Systems is a linguistic conflict between Cantonese and Mandarin. By 2047, the shift from Shanghai to Hongkong and back to Shanghai will come in full circle. Best encapsulating this transition is Run Run Shaw who transplanted Chinese cinema from Shanghai to HongKong. Cantonese cinema grew as a way to distinguish itself from Mandarin Taiwanese Cinema, especially with the latter's onslaught in 1970s. Cantonese pop culture reached its zenith in the mid 80s and 90s. TVB, Run Run Shaw's creation, has been at the heart of cultivating HK pop culture whose tenacles extended throughout Southeast Asia in the heydays of VHS rentals. Since then, South Korea has overtaken Hongkong in its pre-eminent position in Asia.

Hello Satwant,

That's a lot of questions!

For the most part, your hierarchical regressions should allow you to determine whether the brief cope scores add to the explanatory power for differences in anxiety scores beyond what the base variable set can explain. From this, it sounds as if the BC-1 items add the least to the mix (compared to BC-2, BC-3).

However, I probably would have looked for single scores to represent each of the three purported BC factors instead of entering individual items as IVs. Perhaps factor analysis or some other method of generating a composite score for each factor would be helpful here (and make your interpretation of significant effects a bit more straightforward).

I don't see any specific need for post hoc tests following a regression (your Q2).

If you're interested in moderation effects attributable to coping, the key is to evaluate whether BC scores interact with one or more target IVs to increase the explained variation beyond what the BC score and the target IV can account for, without an interaction term.

Good luck with your work.

Please, see the attached file...

E-value indicates random or non-random selection of sequences, so the closer this number is to zero, the more accurate the sequence selection and the higher the degree of similarity.

Dear Usama Afzal . See the following useful link: https://web.iit.edu/sites/web/files/departments/academic-affairs/academic-resource-center/pdfs/Miller_Indices.pdf

This is Equivalent circuits of antennas in the transmitting and receiving modes.

LU decomposition is a basic technique in numerical linear algebra. Numerical linear algebra has many applications, since a vast numerical algorithms reduce to linear algebra.

Multiple representations can be useful in terms of (a) User interaction (b) interpolation (c) Storage and (d) Numerical Issues.

For example; to perform rotation to orientation, representation in matrix form is more useful.

Similarly, quaternions are also advantageous such as less memory footprint, and much more efficient during calculation (when compared to Rotation matrix and axis-angle pair). Interpolate between two quaternions is also vey easy so, camera movement, drone movement etc becomes very smooth.

Here is a small tutorial for quaternions algebra.

Dear D. Parajuli, you may need further information. The following quote from the first link. Please check the other link. My Regards

"""A typical, three-electrode experimental setup for the electropolymerization consists of a working electrode, which is being coated with a MIP film, a reference electrode, commonly the Ag/AgCl electrode or saturated calomel electrode (SCE), and a counter electrode (Pt or Ni).''"

G'day Ellemieke,

I came across a master thesis which was part of a joint project between General Electric & MIT ( Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 2016 & titled: Task modeling and assessment for human-system interaction in freight rail operations., I am attaching the file for your information, the thesis is also available by request via Researchgate, I am including all the information obtained to tackle your research topic, hope this helps & all the best, cheers.

Kind regards,

Sofiane

1. Researchgate:

2. Downloaded original version:

In a regression model, the coefficient of determination (R-Squared or R²) is a statistical metric that determines how much the independent variable can explain variance in the dependent variable. Similarly, R² represents the explained variance in any structural model and is deemed one of the essential evaluation metrics. However, R² may not represent the same value for different SEMs (e.g., PLS-SEM & CB-SEM) estimating the same model; therefore, its interpretation should be guided by the employed SEM's evaluation criteria. You could check out the following articles for pertinent deliberation.

Afthanorhan, A., Awang, Z., Aimran, N., & Arifin, J. (2021). An extensive comparison between CB-SEM and consistent PLS-SEM on producing the estimates of construct correlation in applied research. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874(1), 012083. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012083

Jr., J. F. H., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624

Good luck,

Naturally this kind of data will always be unbalanced because on environment will be balanced in terms of availability of all genotypes. The usual formula based on a balanced environment may not be applicable except under some assumptions. Relative frequencies may apply in place of full frequencies.

Yes, if you use a replication logic—not a sampling logic. According to Yin (2018), the replication approach to multiple-case studies begins with theory formulation. It then presents that case selection and specification of measures are critical in designing the study, as well as collecting and analyzing its data. Each case is taken as the focus of a complete case study investigation, seeking convergent evidence for its findings and conclusions. The write-up for each case study investigation should expound on how and why a particular proposition was attested—or not attested. For relevant elaboration, you could go through the replication approach illustrated by Yin (2018), referenced below.

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/case-study-research-and-applications/book250150

Good luck,

Perhaps I am being dense here, but percentage does take frequency into account,

%A = ( freqA÷total ) ×100

Am I missing something here.?

Best wishes David Booth

KST48 provides a much more user-friendly and extensible solution for MECP locating, with a much more simplified preparation procedure.

The content you have to modify here is mainly the first subset, setting the two states you care about; and modifying the coordinate part

Hi Vale,

When I am quantifying RNA copies/mL (e.x. HIV vRNA), I use plasmids with the targeted sequences (e.x. pNL4-3) as standards.

If you want the details, please let me know.

Thanx,

dr ibrahim, it's a difficult way and professional. The possibility of error in Gromex is high

العامل المشترك هو ما يوصلنا الى النتيجه بصورة أسهل واسرع

It is not clear what you want to study. There is no econometric model to help you, if you do not know what you want to do.

That is a good question.

The high sensitivities of the detectors on UV/Vis spectrophotometers result in minimun desviation between the experimental measurements of the same sample. Thus, the "error bars" would be very small.

I think the following references may support you

1. Regression Modeling Strategies Frank E. Harrell, Jr. With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic and Ordinal Regression, and Survival Analysis

2. LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS FOR ORDINAL RESPONSE VARIABLES ANN A. O’CONNELL University of Connecticut

Hi Atul,

I have the same problem in my modeling. could you finally resolve this error or not? I would appreciate it if you can share with me what you have done.

Regards,

Hossein

Sven Schade Many thanks for the reply. I am very grateful for always responding, as are colleagues who have also responded. Your statements are fundamental to elaborate this representation. The suggestion to categorize the policies and forms of geoinformation that are used is a strategy I can follow. Your comments were very important. Thank you very much.

Maybe I am missing something but couldn't you just use 3 different labels for each type of emotion / task you were using? You might consider using RapidMiner studio which is a machine learning software. You can get a free version of it and it has a nice user interface for processing data and running SVMs as well as other machine learning approaches where the data is imported from a CSV. -- That said, I feel like you should probably refine your data bit first instead of just importing raw data, maybe do some computations on it for things like power or connectivity between electrodes using the Neurophysiological biomarker tool box in EEGLAB / MATLAB. There is a paper on my profile about EEG Oscillaitons in patients with chronic pain and concussion you might find useful where we describe a lot of these methods.

Inspiring and creative teachers are essential to effective education. While some students may be able to learn the material even from a bad teacher, most won't. I was one such student. I absolutely hated school (the academic part and especially the social part) from kindergarten through two years of college. I may have had three or four good teachers in all that time. I finally did encounter some wonderful teachers and eventually graduated with the highest GPA in the College of Engineering, went on to earn a PhD, and taught for several years. Good teachers made all the difference. I've always thought that the best professors should teach freshman and sophomore classes in college rather than sloughing this off on graduate students or the grouchiest, most boring old codger in the department, as is most often the case.

Dear Dr. Rafael Nunes Gontijo

I studied quantum group theory mainly for solid-state physics, but I never hear of double groups, thank you for introducing the topic to the R^G community.

I found this external discussion in the physics StackExchange community:

Best Regards. I will follow your thread.

Depending on your preferences, you can use R, QGIS or ARCGIS

Maybe the link can help.

This is experiment no or the clone no.

Yes

Have a look at https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/de/technical-documents/technical-article/analytical-chemistry/photometry-and-reflectometry/ir-spectrum-table .

Saad Zahraw Sekhi You are welcome

Ahmed Kadhim Hussein

I suggest reading these articles:

1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88091-0

2. https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1807/1807.04896.pdf

3.

4.

5.

Xufei Li Thank you for your answer! I switched to VESTA as it is a free software to avoid any complications. Please share if you have experience with using VESTA to draw a ball inside the MOF.

I have got the reason. Here the channels represents various features.

Anup Marahatta

The frequency response, or variations in magnitude and phase as a function of frequency, is depicted using Bode graphs. This is accomplished using two semi-log scale charts. The top plot is usually magnitude or "gain" in decibels (dB). The bottom plot represents a phase, which is usually expressed in degrees.

A Bode plot /ˈboʊdi/ is a graph representing a system's frequency response in electrical engineering and control theory. It is frequently a mix of a Bode magnitude plot, which expresses the amplitude of the frequency response (usually in dB), and a Bode phase plot, which expresses the phase shift.

In electronics, frequency response is a quantifiable measure of a system's or device's output spectrum in response to a stimulus that is used to define the system's dynamics. It is a measure of the amplitude and phase of the output in relation to the input as a function of frequency.

Also check https://github.com/e3nn/e3nn/blob/main/docs/api/o3/o3_irreps.rst

Hi,

it is not easy to find. I had that problem recently, and my only choice was to identify two/three molecules with FP40 and compare its structures, because they should be common to all. In my case it seemed to be an aromatic ring.

Are you talking about IMERG monthly data? If the unit of this data is mm/hr and you need to convert it to mm/month, please look at the link and the description below. In general, you are right but don't forget that the number of hours (days) in each month is different.

"Because the total days in each month are different, mm/hr is used for easy comparison. Since the 3B43 product is a monthly average, you could simply do the conversion by multiplying the hourly rain rate with the total hours in that month."

https://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/information/faqs?title=How%20can%20I%20convert%20mm%2Fhr%20in%20TRMM%203B43%20to%20mm%2Fmonth%3F"

There has been several usage in literature of the term MGC for different things and thus its abbreviation is not universal, I suppose. Now the question is if you are talking about the metabolic gene clusters or multiconstrained gene cluster or anything else is not clear. But I think it is clear that OTU is something very different from these two. The very principle of OTU table is different and I don't think it can be similar to other tables in general. However, definition of OTU is also variable and can be restructured/defined according to individual study/author.

So, you can define MGC as OTU table or vice versa if you can explain/defend your notion behind doing it.

Dear Tekle Gemechu,

Regarding this question, I am sharing my experience here in this area which may be useful.

I would suggest Crank-Nicolson method for solving your Diffusion PDE, due to the enhanced convergence properties through this method. Unfortunately, there is a small problem. As far as the heat transfer equation is concerned, by taking into account the dependency of thermal diffusivity (thermal properties) to the temperature, numerical modeling of the implicit part of the discretized Crank-Nicolson equation will not be so easy. Therefore, as my second suggestion, It is better to use an explicit time discretization and a simple spatial discretization (second-order central finite difference, as it is a diffusion problem).

Regards.

Dear Murana Awad,

Use mechss to represent second-order sparse models using matrices obtained from your finite element analysis (FEA) package. Such sparse models arise from finite element analysis (FEA) and are useful in fields like structural analysis, fluid flow, heat transfer, and electromagnetics.

Also i suggest you to see links on topic.

Best regards

Have a look at https://au.mathworks.com/help/control/ug/state-space-models.html and https://au.mathworks.com/videos/introduction-to-state-space-equations-1547129824178.html

Assuming you're referring to images of particular locations. Attached are two photos of the same aisle in a supermarket. Pixels have been reduced to adjacent, maybe nested, areas. The operations of choice were applying a Gauss convolution, then establishing areas by clustering pixels by color.

In order to recognize such an encoding of a place (or person or thing), you have to define a distance measure. In the simplest case you choose one prominent area (e.g. the green emergency light on top), take the midpoint of the area, and determine the distance to the midpoint of each other area. You may restrict to areas that have low excentricity or extremal brightness. This gives you a vector which can be compared to the analog vector in the other image.

Note that in this case there is only one reference point (the green lamp on the ceiling), which can be identified easily. In reality there might be no single prominent point to refer to. Each midpoint of n suited areas could be a reference point, which would give you n vectors with n components, an n*n matrix. So you will have to match matrices.

Simply adding up the squares of the differences of corresponding cells of a matrix could be a basis. But you should minimize that sum by simultaneously swapping pairs of rows and columns with the same index.

Regards,

Joachim

عقد اتفاق مؤشر للاعتراف

this is caused by CO2.

Several methods are there for determining the entropy of a text or its individual segments, called n-grams. Shannon method is one of the most popular method, which is based on the representation of the text by a Markov chain of depth n.

Second one is dictionary-based method for determining the entropy of n-grams, which combines the Kolmogorov’s combinatorial approach and a corollary of the Shannon’s second theorem, which gives an asymptotic estimate of the number of meaningful texts.

Hi,

basically you look to the value and signal: positive mean that biological activity is positively correlated with this descriptor, so in theory you want to increase its value to obtain more potent compounds.

The city and cinema have a formidable relationship. The images and sounds of cities found in movies may be the only experience many people have of cities they will never visit. Films influence how we construct images of the world and, as a result, how we operate within it in many cases. Cinematic Cairo: Egyptian Urban Modernity from Reel to Real provides a history of Cairo's urban modernity through the lens of film, with cinematic space serving as both an analytical tool and a medium of critique. Cairo has been a rich source of subject material for Egypt's film industry since the art form's inception at the end of the nineteenth century.

Some more hypothetical leaps based on the above :

- Links to the roots of unity idea (vertices being roots of unity in each region) with possible links to hyperbolic triangles and polygons where the sizes of the arcs / segments at each edge do not matter (since we are looking at topology) with the winding number possibly representing the exponent. When we are looking at nested / interior regions, one would possibly add a constant winding number to all the regions bound by a particular curve (possibly corresponding to addition / multiplication by an appropriate power of the independent variable).

I know the above is pretty speculative but anything formal has to be based on intuitive grasp of what is going on. If that makes sense, one can go ahead. Else, one has to continue the search for ideas

If you are familiar with R Programming. You may try this. You can customize your bubble plot using ggplot library.

Let me know if you need further help.

Best!!

Volker Maiwald …. I don’t have access to the actual data but hope the links listed below give you some of the information. Though temperature is the common topic my hope is they offer source ideas. - Two other sources, though a bit indirect are; (1) NASA has a test Flight Center on Wallops Island , Wallops Island, Virginia. Much of our atmospheric tests (since 1961) are conducted from there. along with a center in Alaska. You’ll find results that in the “Notes” below. — (2), I suggest a search of the information you want using Google Scholar Scholar.Google.com

........ ................Links...

Meridional Circulation in the Thermosphere I. Equinox Condition Temperature by Robert Dickinson

Extension of the MSIS Thermosphere Model into the middle and lower atmosphere.......N.B - abstract only - need a log-in

........................Notes :

4)__ NASA Wallops Island (Virginia) (very general info) (https://www.nasa.gov/centers/wallops/

NASA Sounding Rocket Program Office - UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA

Studies on the Thermosphere….in Colorado

The simplest type of functions are polynomial ones. They are easy to evaluate their derivatives, integrals, zeroes and basically most notions you can associate to a function. Furthermore polynomial functions can be used to suitably approximate any other function in a specific interval by the Stone_Weierstrass Theorem. It is also quite easy to approximate suitable datasets by regression methods provided you use a high enough degree polynomial but not large enough to cause "overfitting". Now to find what degree you need there are a couple of methods, the easiest being just to conduct a visual inspection and note how many monotonicity changes you get. Notice that linear regression (if you are familiar with the term) is just a simple case of polynomial regression.

Nice question

Hi, Richard. It very much depends on the application. Gauge R&R as part of the Measurement System Analysis (MSA) performs well in the Semiconductor industry.

hey to you...

Michał Łepek

Sky Darmos

Shahnaz Khademizadeh

Talib Biotechnology

Jean Thill

Carlos Hernan Lopez Zapata

Dirichlet’s theorem, statement that there are infinitely many prime numbers contained in the collection of all numbers of the form na + b, in which the constants a and b are integers that have no common divisors except the number 1 (in which case the pair are known as being relatively prime) and the variable n is any natural number (1, 2, 3, …). For instance, because 3 and 4 are relatively prime, there must be infinitely many primes among numbers of the form 4n + 3 (e.g., 7 when n = 1, 11 when n = 2, 19 when n = 4, and so forth). Conjectured by the late 18th–early 19th-century German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, the statement was first proved in 1826 by the German mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.

but

Spherical coordinate mathematically NOT plausible

In geometry,

a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold

BUT.....

Spherical coordinate system

Any spherical coordinate triplet ( r , θ , φ ) specifies a single point of three-dimensional space. On the other hand, every point has """infinitely many equivalent spherical coordinates"".

but

2.11Termization In number theory, the fundamental theorem of arithmeticthe unique-prime-factorization theoremitself or can be represented as the product of prime numbers and that, moreover, this representation is unique, up to (except for) the order of the factor [7 The fundamental theorem of arithmetic or the product of prime factor decomposition theorem is statedfollows: any strictly positive integer can be written as a product of prime numbers in a unique way,order of the factors. Here is a computer program made in python which allows to decompose any integer [+, terms of prime numbers (ending) (PDF) Global Dimensional Mathematics. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354142587_Global_Dimensional_Mathematics [accessed Aug 31 2021].

2.12 Conjecture de Goldbach Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that every even whole number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers [10]. This program can also find all numbers from GOLDBACH [even, odd] up to the one specified. Indeed, the Goldbach conjecture is thus resolved. (PDF) Global Dimensional Mathematics. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354142587_Global_Dimensional_Mathematics [accessed Aug 31 2021].

but

Tanya Kaur Bedi please go through the following articles attached herewith

Regards

Dear Brad Jesness,

Isn't looking at the phenomenon from different angles provide us with better understanding of it?

Many so-called ethical dilemmas may arise because general rules specifying obligations are not absolute but subject to implicit ceteris paribus conditions. Those conditions also raise epistemology problems. W.D. Ross distinguished between prima facie duties and duties proper, to resolve conflicting obligations. Duties proper were arrived at by assigning different weightings, relative to context and circumstances, to the prima facie duties.