Renewable Energy Technologies - Science topic

It used to be that this variation in energy prices from country to country largely depended on, among other things, the content in the earth's crust of the various types of fossil energy resources. Today, in the era of the Fourth Technological Revolution, in developed and developing economies, the key factors determining the level of energy prices include, among others, the current and/or strategic energy policies under which specific types of energy are developed. In some countries it is still mainly supported systemically, i.e. financially by the state mainly the development of dirty combustion energy and in other countries the development of emission-free energy, green energy based on renewable and emission-free energy sources. Systemic state support consists of supporting specific types of energy sources through financial support from the state's public finance system. Due to the system of CO2 emission fees introduced in the European Union, in countries that continue to develop mainly dirty combustion energy, energy prices will rise rapidly in the coming years. In contrast, in countries where renewable energy sources, including wind and solar power, are being rapidly developed, it is when the sun shines and the wind blows that carbon-free energy has produced surplus energy and there have been negative prices. An example of a country where in recent years the government has continued to support the development of dirty combustion energy and block the development of renewable energy sources is the country where I operate. Currently, before the next parliamentary elections, the government has frozen the increase in energy prices through the created instrument of subsidies from the state finance system. However, in view of the fact that still more than 3/4 of electricity and even more thermal energy is produced from burning coal and lignite, it is likely that in the next few years the already one of the highest energy prices (in relation to the income level of citizens, compared to Europe) will continue to rise in Poland. As a result, energy market analysts forecast that Poland may see a large increase in energy prices in 2024. In Poland, per 1 kWh of electricity produced, there are 700-750 gr of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. By contrast, in Europe the average of this CO2 emission is 3 times lower. High energy prices in Poland are due not to the war in Ukraine as the government lies in the media controlled by it, but to the fact that the current PIS government for 8 years has been blocking and slowing down the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources through which eclectic energy can be produced more cheaply and emission-free. Carbon-free energy production does not involve incurring additional punitive fees established in the European Union as incentive instruments for the smooth implementation of the green transition in the energy sector.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In 2022, the scale of sales of heat pumps in Poland increased by approximately 100 per cent compared to the previous year. This was due to the energy crisis generated by the slowing down of the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources by the PIS party currently in power over the past eight years and the promotion of energy development based mainly on burning combustible fuels, mainly coal and lignite. As a result, three quarters of Poland's electricity generation and even more of its heat generation is still based on burning coal. As a result, when the price of fossil fuels rose sharply between 2021 and 2022, the cost of living for many citizens increased by several tens of percent. The solution to the problem of rising heating and energy costs was to install heat pumps powered by electricity from photovoltaic panels installed on the roof or next to the house, or other renewable energy sources. However, these other alternative renewable and emission-free energy sources are few and far between due to energy policy. In order to increase the energy savings of their homes, many citizens would like to insulate their homes by renovating and adding insulation to the facades of their buildings. It is estimated that over 4 million residential homes in Poland lack thermal insulation. However, this is unfortunately not possible due to the overly limited financial programmes of non-refundable subsidies with which such investment projects could be financed. Many citizens, despite the fact that they would like, for example, to power heat pumps with electricity from a wind turbine, a windmill erected close to their home, have not had this opportunity because in 2016 the PIS government blocked the development of wind energy in Poland by passing the so-called 10h Law. Similarly, in April 2022, a change in the regulation of billing for photovoltaic panels installed on the roof or next to a residential house by citizens prosumers of their own electricity made these installations unprofitable and the number of new installations of this kind fell by three quarters. When the development of wind power in Poland was blocked in 2016, coal imports increased strongly. In addition, nuclear power and other fully renewable energy sources were not developed. The result is a low level of independence and energy security for the country. Besides, the result is one of the lowest air quality and high levels of smog in cities during the heating season in international rankings. Unfortunately, despite the existence of new renewable energy technologies whose application on a larger scale could solve the above problems, the scale of development of governmental and self-governmental programmes of financial subsidies and support from the European Union is still too small. And it is too small because Poland has not met the so-called milestones set by the European Commission and is the only country in the EU which has not received financial subsidies under the National Reconstruction Programme. One of these milestones is the issue of unblocking the onshore wind energy development previously blocked in 2016. Currently, i.e. in Q1. 2023, a law is being processed to unblock this issue. However, the still ruling PIS party, as part of its support for the development of coal-fired power generation and its support for government-controlled, monopolistically operating energy and fuel companies of the state treasury, included in the aforementioned law provisions that in practice limit the development of onshore wind energy (a minimum distance of 700 m between a windmill and the nearest buildings) so that only a few per cent of the country's area can be covered by these windmills. This means that a small proportion of willing citizens will benefit from this, and it will benefit mainly and also to a limited extent the government-controlled, monopolistically operating energy state companies. Thus the circle of this travesty of energy, climate and environmental pseudo-politics is closing. In view of the above, technological solutions that could solve the above problems are already available, but the national pseudo-politics of energy, climate and environment causes that the development of renewable and emission-free sources of energy, improvement of energy security, reduction of the scale of the energy crisis, improvement of air quality in cities is still being slowed down, the goals of sustainable development are being ignored by the PIS government, and the green transformation of the economy, achieving zero-emission of the economy, building a sustainable economy in accordance with counteracting the progressive process of global warming is progressing much slower than it could be.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

Please answer with reasons,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

My research topic: Managing renewable energy technology in South African context

In the country in which I operate, electricity and heat is still generated 3/4 on the basis of burning fossil fuels. However, if the current government had taken the pro-environmental transformation of the economy seriously, including the pro-climate transformation of the energy sector, and had been developing renewable and emission-free energy sources instead of blocking them for the past 7 years, then the current energy crisis would probably not be such a serious problem as it already is. Unfortunately, this has not been done. As a result, the energy sector in Poland is mainly dirty, combustion-intensive, high-emission, non-diversified. There is bad air in many cities. Coal-fired power plants use outdated technologies, coal is in short supply and imported. Similarly, other fossil fuels. Power grids not adapted to the current needs of the economy, etc. The development of renewable energy has been slow to materialise, as it has mainly been driven by grassroots initiatives of citizens who have, for example, installed photovoltaic panels on the roofs of their houses, solar water heating systems and heat pumps in their homes. Unfortunately, the scale of development of renewable and emission-free energy sources is still low due to barriers imposed by the government and the low level of subsidies supporting the green energy transition. The result is a low level of energy security and a high risk of a major energy crisis in the heating season, autumn/winter 2022.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Nuclear power can be an important element in increasing the diversification of energy sources when other types of energy sources have been developed in the country. Among these other sources of energy types, many countries have traditional, dirty, emission-intensive fossil fuel-based energy sources and various types of environmentally and climatically clean renewable and emission-free energy sources developed mainly in recent years. Emission-free energy sources based on cold fusion and hydrogen power will be developed in the future. This is particularly important in view of the developing climate crisis generated by increasing civilisational greenhouse gas emissions and the accelerating process of global warming. In order to slow down the progressive process of global warming, it is necessary to carry out a full pro-climate transformation of the energy sector through the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources within the next few to a maximum of a dozen years. An alternative transition technology to achieve a fully carbon-free economy, including a carbon-free power sector, could be nuclear power. Nuclear power plants under construction today are much safer than those built a few decades ago. The use of modern technologies makes it possible to ensure a very high level of safety in the operation of nuclear power plants regardless of the action of various external factors, including, for example, the fall of a large aircraft on the power plant or ballistic missiles. In addition, it has been estimated that, given current fossil fuel prices, nuclear power could be several times cheaper than coal power. Research institutes analysing nuclear safety issues have estimated that the probability of an accident in a modern nuclear power plant is 1:40 million. By comparison, the probability of a person being struck by lightning is estimated at 1:300,000. Consequently, the scale of public acceptance for the construction of a nuclear power plant is increasing. This change is influenced by the above-mentioned issues of improving the safety of nuclear power operations and the current energy crisis.

What is your opinion on this topic?

What do you think about this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

With much of the energy industry operating on the basis of burning fossil fuels, accelerating the development of renewable energy sources may help the economy to get through the currently developing energy crisis. Unfortunately, it will take time to build large-scale power plants such as nuclear power plants or hydrogen production companies for the development of hydrogen energy. In contrast, the energy crisis is already developing. In addition, in order to increase the diversification of energy sources and realise an environmentally and climate-friendly transformation of the energy sector, it is necessary to develop various renewable and emission-free energy sources. In this way, the independence of the national energy system can be increased and the level of energy security enhanced. Countries where the development of renewable and zero-carbon energy sources was neglected in previous years are now facing more economic problems due to the developing energy crisis. An example of this type of country is the one in which I operate, i.e. a country in which three quarters of energy is still produced on the basis of dirty, combustion-based energy, i.e. based on the combustion of fossil fuels, wood and other materials or organic waste. In view of the current energy crisis and the prospective climate crisis, the following question therefore arises: What kind of backyard power plants, mini-generation plants can be built quickly to become operational even before the next heating season? What eco-innovations and green energy technologies can help to build backyard power plants and mini-generation plants that can be built quickly within the framework of renewable energy sources and thus more smoothly survive the developing energy crisis?

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please answer,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the current energy crisis, should local governments continue their environmental and pro-climate policies, support the development of clean renewable and zero-emission energy or should they pursue ad hoc, short-term social support policies, abolish existing anti-smog standards and contribute to the renewed development of dirty combustion energy?

I ask because there are different strategies on this issue being pursued by the various local government units in the country in which I operate. Local authorities in Łódź want to suspend the operation of anti-smog resolutions for a year and allow residents to use low-quality, high-emission coal-fired boilers for at least another heating season and another year. This is an offshoot of years of ignorance on the part of central and local government authorities regarding the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources and the building of regional and national energy security. It is also ignorance in the face of the energy crisis that is growing year by year, the increasing amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, the progressive process of global warming, the growing risk and scale of the negative effects of a future climate catastrophe that may occur even in this 21st century. The energy crisis is medium-term in nature and the climate crisis develops over the long term, over many years. On the other hand, considering energy security, environmental security, climate security, civilisation security, livelihood security, these two crises are increasingly correlated The central government in Poland over the last three decades, pursuing a specific environmental and climate policy, has limited the scale of development and hampered the development of renewable energy sources. On the other hand, the authorities of local self-government units either start implementing specific solutions of the local environmental and pro-climate policy, i.e. they implement and carry out long-term strategies of sustainable, pro-environmental social and economic development of the region, city, commune, etc., or they have not decided on such strategies yet and carry out only current, short-sighted, classic social and economic policy of the region.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

In the context of the current energy crisis, should local government units continue with their ongoing environmental and pro-climate policies, support the development of clean renewable and emission-free energy or should they pursue ad hoc, short-term social support policies, abolish existing anti-smog standards and contribute to the renewed development of dirty combustion energy?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please answer with reasons.

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the context of the current energy crisis, rising property prices in conurbations and the climate crisis which is also developing in the long term, the following question is becoming increasingly topical:

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the past, energy crises have initiated significant changes in the economy. For example, the commodity crisis (fossil fuel raw materials) of the 1970s resulted in changes in car manufacturing by replacing existing internal combustion engines with more fuel-efficient versions. At that time, the first media reports about climate change, the greenhouse effect, the progressive process of global warming and the crucial role of a civilisation based on classic, brown, combustion, unsustainable economics in this issue were deliberately ignored in the world of politics and business. Today, the level of society-wide pro-environmental awareness among citizens is already much higher. Much more airtime and publishing space is devoted to green economics and sustainability issues in various media. As a result, the current and future climate crises will perhaps become another motivating factor for accelerating the development of renewable and carbon-free energy sources.

What do you think about this?

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the shorter term (a few quarters), the energy crisis is developing, fossil fuel prices are rising, and the price of energy produced from burning fossil fuels is rising. In the longer term (many years), a global climate crisis will continue to develop as a result of the continuing process of global warming resulting from the still high levels of civilisational CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of researchers and scientists:

What is your opinion on this?

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Dear

In the context of the increasing scale of the energy and climate crisis, mainly renewable and zero-carbon energy sources will be developed in the future, which mainly include hydrogen energy and fusion-based energy. This raises the following question:

What is your opinion on the subject?

What do you think about this topic?

Please reply,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz

Germany is one of the leading countries in the field of renewable energy. Has it been able to achieve great success in exports of renewable energy technologies?

What types of eco-innovation are being developed in your country?

What kind of ecological innovations should be developed in your opinion?

How should they be finansed, whether by the industry from commercial enterprises funds, or by the state from public funds or in the framework of public-private partnership?

What types of renewable energy sources should be refined and developed through new eco-friendly innovations? What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of ecological innovations?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Should the dimension and scope of ecological knowledge in contemporary education and schooling systems be increased in the context of the growing problems of the modern world?

Contemporary XXI century is, among other things, the age of national and globally recognized growing problems regarding environmental protection, ecology, protection of ecosystems and species of various life threatened by extinction, growing risk of climatic cataclysms associated with the progressing greenhouse effect on Earth, exhausting some categories of resources necessary for development modern industries, the need for energy transformation, conversion of classic sources of energy based on minerals to renewable, ecological energy sources. In view of the above, the question becomes more and more relevant: Should the dimension and scope of ecological knowledge in contemporary education and schooling systems be increased in the context of the growing problems of the modern world?

Please, answer, comments,

I invite you to the discussion,

Regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What actions should be taken to remove or replace these barriers to the chances of developing renewable energy sources?

Are the main barriers to the development of renewable energy sources the lobbying of enterprises in the energy sector producing electricity and heat based on traditional energy of burning minerals? Is there a lack of financial resources in the majority of countries regarding the financing of high-budget pro-environmental projects from public finance funds? Should there be new, new ecological innovations, new technological solutions in the field of renewable energy sources, electromobility in the automotive field, new generations of batteries, photovoltaic panels, energy storage and transmission stations, hydrogen engines, etc. to produce and use electricity generated on the basis of renewable source of energy has become profitable to become a profitable business? If this process lasts for a long time, there may be a shortage of time to implement the necessary reforms aimed at disseminating in the global economy a model of sustainable pro-ecological development based on the concept of green economy. If this process lasts much longer than by 2030, there may not be enough time to carry out the necessary reforms to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and, consequently, the planet's warming process will accelerate considerably, this process will be irreversible and will continue to accelerate and towards the end of the 21st century century will lead to a global climate disaster that threatens the life of all humanity and most other forms of life on Earth.

In view of the above, the current question is: What are the main barriers to the development of renewable energy sources?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

Recently, discussions have been held in the public debate on issues related to the development of the green economy concept, the need to introduce pro-ecological policy reforms, etc. to make it possible to achieve globally sustainable pro-ecological economic development in the perspective of the next years.

In the context of the problem of determining determinants of sustainable pro-ecological economic development, the following question also appears:

How should the new economy be developed in accordance with the green economy concept in the field of renewable energy development by means of which instruments and reforms of green energy policy, so that it is possible to achieve globally sustainable pro-ecological economic development in the perspective of the next years?

How effective green economy philosophy should be developed in a pro-environmental energy policy in order to solve key development problems of human civilization, ie environmental pollution, effective and quick to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus slow down the global warming process , activation of the development of electromobility, development of modern non-emitting harmful waste to the environment, renewable energy sources, development of organic agricultural production, development of biodegradable packaging production, etc. with the use of electricity produced from renewable energy sources?

Therefore, I am asking you the following questions:

How should pro-ecological energy policy be developed according to the green economy concept in the field of renewable energy development?

How should programs for the development of renewable energy sources be financed?

Should the state co-finance, within public-private partnerships with public funds, large investment projects for the construction of power plants producing electricity based on modern technologies of renewable energy sources?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology (IJRET) is a journal of Inderscience group. Inderscience has 244 numbers of scimago enlisted journals, but this journal is not enlisted in that list. Would you please let me know as to its quality if you know? Journal link is: https://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijret

How would you design a similar or different futurological energy and civilization project, containing renewable energy sources of renewable energy and recreation of natural conditions, referring to natural ecosystems, which after years would gain the possibility of self-recreating?

For example, whether with unlimited investment funds or whether it would be possible to achieve a sustainable economic ecosystem from scratch to achieve economic efficiency at least at the zero growth level as follows: Can a large solar power plant be developed in the desert and water obtained from energy to develop agricultural production and plant ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, which, after several dozen years, could almost function themselves? An important factor would be the possible progressive climate change in a given area and the geographical scope of the area covered by this investment project.

In some science fiction movies there are scenes that suggest that it is possible, economically justified and real. However, the vision presented in science-fiction movies to create real projects can, however, be a very big difference. But many futurological visions that were created in the past have been implemented, so it is justified to undertake such attempts to create further futurological projects.

In connection with the above, I would like to ask you the following question: How would you design energy if you had unlimited financial resources? How would you design a similar or different futurological energy and civilization project, containing renewable energy sources of renewable energy and recreation of natural conditions, referring to natural ecosystems, which after years would gain the possibility of self-recreating?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Has the classic economy lost its relevance to the energy market and therefore whether the process of necessary proecological reforms in the energy sector involving the replacement of energy sources, ie classic energy sources based on burning minerals for renewable energy sources should be coordinated by the state as a pro-environmental interventionist anti-crisis state?

Still at the end of the 21th century, in many publications written in the convention of classical economics, theses were formulated that energy should be shaped by the mechanism of market-harmonizing sides of demand and supply. However, this philosophy concerned classic energy based on the combustion of minerals. Mineral energy deposits in certain parts of the world are determined for several decades of extraction.

If the development of mining technology allows to reach and extract energy from deeper deposits than currently exploited and decks located under the sea and ocean bottoms, such estimated deposits would allow mining of these deposits in some places of the world for much longer than 100 years. However, humanity can not wait so much for pro-ecological reforms in the energy sector and the slow process of switching to renewable energy sources, which is happening in some countries, including the largest economies in the world, the largest emitters of greenhouse gases.

Currently, the philosophy of the energy sector is starting to change. Now the obvious issue is the need to quickly implement pro-ecological reforms without contemplating the depleted energy resources of the Earth's crust. This wait could take about 100 years or more than 100 years in many countries and this is too long, because at the end of the 21st century, according to climate change analysis, drastic climatic catastrophes will occur due to the predicted acceleration of the global warming process in the following decades.

According to the published and presented results of climatologists' research during the recent UN Climate Summits and Conferences on the problem of progressing global warming process, unless by 2030 at the latest the world will not show the classic energy based on the burning of minerals for renewable energy sources and motorization for electromobility and there will be no appropriate improvement of segregation waste and recycling, by the end of the 21st century, the average temperature at the Earth's surface will increase by 3-4 degrees Celsius globally, and the scale of climate cataclysms and weather anomalies will increase many times in relation to the current state.

In view of the above, the world can no longer wait for the depletion of energy minerals. This issue, which is particularly important for humanity and life on Earth, can not be left to the market mechanism and classical economy, whose philosophy has long been undermined, already in the period of the Great Depression of 1929-1934 it was demonstrated that Keynsovian state interventionism is needed to bring the economy out of the deep economic crisis if the liberalized private sector led to a crisis and the economy quickly does not return itself to balance and high economic growth on the basis of self-acting market mechanisms.

We currently have a similar situation. The world inevitably aims at increasing climatic cataclysms caused by the accelerating global warming process. these unfavorable processes for humanity and life on Earth will become a source of intensification of migration of people from subtropical areas, on which it will be impossible to live and live in a few dozen years due to high temperatures and droughts. In addition, there will be economic crises resulting from the global warming process. Humanity has no time to put off the necessary pro-ecological reforms for the future, these pro-ecological reforms in the energy sector need to be implemented now and it should be a process coordinated by the state in the context of pro-environmental anti-crisis state interference.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

Has the classic economy lost its relevance to the energy market and therefore whether the process of necessary proecological reforms in the energy sector involving the replacement of energy sources, ie classic energy sources based on burning minerals for renewable energy sources should be coordinated by the state as a pro-environmental interventionist anti-crisis state?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Hi every one

Is it possible to define biogas as a fuel in the reformer process(scwg) in Homer software?

Biogas fuel is not available in the options

thanks

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Renewable energy sources?

Please, provide your suggestions for a question, problem or research thesis in the issues: Renewable energy sources.

Please reply.

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

Kindly suggest some upcoming research areas/ challenges to explore in (but not limited to) sustainable planning, and performance assessment of hybrid renewable grids.

The problem is when the economically weak, small domestic economy has only traditional energy minerals, such as hard coal or lignite, and there are no developed different forms of renewable energy sources. In such a situation, there is a lack of financial resources for switching energy to renewable energy sources so as to move towards sustainable development according to the philosophy of the new, green economy, in order to limit the emission of greenhouse gases. The warming of the Earth's climate is already a fact and is a serious growing problem. Therefore, renewable energy sources should be developed. Rich countries should support countries characterized by weaker economy, lower incomes and based on traditional energy technologies. It is therefore necessary to strengthen international cooperation in the area of promotion, support and financing of investment projects, thanks to which it will be possible to develop renewable energy sources in the future and aim at sustainable pro-ecological development.

In view of the above, I would like to ask you: Why is there still traditional energy based on burning minerals in some countries?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion

What are the factors that most influence the decision to purchase a photovoltaic system?

What do consumers think about photovoltaic distributed generation?

Are consumers' thoughts about the distributed generation of photovoltaic energy consistent with reality?

A significant part of the pro-ecological reforms as part of the transformation of the energy sector and the development of renewable energy sources is carried out by private companies.

However, these are usually undertakings not resulting from market processes only from changing legal norms established by the state administration.

In addition, the construction of large nuclear power plants, water plants and the type of large wind and solar farms absorbs huge financial resources with predicted relatively low profitability.

Therefore, private enterprises are not interested in investing in the development of large power plants that produce electricity under renewable energy sources if the state does not provide financial support under financial guarantees and a share in investment costs.

The development of electromobility in the automotive industry in some countries is also supported by the state to a large extent.

In some countries, the state from the budget funds of the central public finance system refinances a significant part of the costs of purchasing an electric car and finances the development of the necessary infrastructure of electric vehicle charging points deployed on the streets and arteries.

Therefore, the development of renewable energy sources, ie the key element of the pro-ecological transformation of the energy sector, should be coordinated organisationally and financially supported by the state.

In the context of increasing emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and the ever-faster global warming process, the pro-ecological transformation of the energy sector should be carried out as soon as possible.

It is not possible to implement proecological reforms in the energy sector and implement ecological innovations in other sectors of industry as well as wait for the resources of energy (hard coal, lignite, oil, natural gas) to run out.

This process can not be left solely to the market mechanism within the framework of classical or neoclassical economics.

In order for an environmentally-friendly transformation of the energy sector to be effected efficiently and as soon as possible, a significant share of financial support from the state is indispensable.

Do you agree with my opinion on this matter?

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Key questions for humanity in the 21st century:

- Will the man manage to switch the classic energy to renewable energy sources to slow down the global warming process and prevent global climate catastrophe and the destruction of most life forms at the end of the 21st century, if so little will be done on the issue of the implementation of the necessary proecological reforms?

- In the 21st century, will man be able to convert most of the classic energy into renewable energy sources to achieve a fully sustainable ecological economy based on the concept of green economy?

- In the 21st century, will man be able to switch most of the classic energy based on the burning of minerals by turning this source of environmental pollution and a source of global warming to renewable energy sources to achieve a fully sustainable ecological economy based on the concept of green economy?

- In the 21st century, will a man in the development of civilization manage to achieve a fully sustainable ecological economy based on the concept of green economy before the global climate catastrophe?

The ever-faster greenhouse effect on Earth has already been recognized by many research centers as fact.

If the global warming process is not stopped by introducing environmentally-friendly economic policy reforms, the development of ecological and innovative technologies, primarily in the field of renewable energy, electromobility, waste segregation, recycling, etc. Earth at the end of the 21st century is threatened by global climate disaster related to global warming and rising frequency and scale of emerging weather anomalies and climatic cataclysms.

In view of the above, I am asking you the following question:

In the 21st century, will a man in the development of civilization manage to achieve a fully sustainable ecological economy based on the concept of green economy before the global climate catastrophe?

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Best wishes

Renewable energy sources based on solar energy belong to those types of renewable energy, which should be developed in the next years in the energy sector, because it is the production of clean energy.

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

The analysis of differences in the scope of Renewable Energy Policy in individual countries should take into account the scale of the share of the oil refining and refining industry in the entire national economy. The large share of the oil industry in the domestic economy may generate analogous large-scale lobbying of the industry on the government, on policies on shaping a specific direction of development of this sector in a given country. This lobbying may concern, for example, the deliberate slowing of energy sector reforms in the scope of pro-ecological needs. This type of conservative policy may not take into account the needs of reforming the energy sector, including the development of renewable energy sources, ecological innovations in renewable energy technologies, ecological material innovations, etc. The development of electromobility or the development of power supply technologies based on hydrogen engines should also be added to this issue. oxygen or other environmentally neutral technologies. Such reforms are necessary in the 21st century in connection with the need to reduce greenhouse gases in order to slow down the progressing global warming process, ie the increase of the average annual temperature on Earth. In the 21st century, it is necessary to develop a new green economy in the context of the forthcoming fourth technological revolution, known as Industry 4.0.

The issues of lobbying the oil industry to slow down energy sector reforms is one of the major problems of modern economics, specifically the issues of sustainable development with the emphasis on ecology, the impact of industry and classic energy sources on the natural environment. This issue is particularly important in the context of climate change, global warming, rising average temperature on the Earth, the progressing greenhouse effect of the Earth and the related new climate disasters is probably the most important topic for discussion, research and human action in the 21st century.

The topics related to the greenhouse effect on Earth, which are the subject of discussion, are particularly important and scientifically important and in the context of human life.

In the context of this issue of lobbying of the oil industry affecting the governments of countries, there is an important issue for discussion in the field of economic development of the world in the 21st century.

Therefore, I am asking you with an important question: Does the issue of oil industry lobbying affecting national governments in order to slow down energy sector reforms be a serious problem and a brake on pro-ecological reforms in the energy sector and the development of, for example, electromobility?

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

Sustainable development is very important in the context of the increasing use of resources and environmental pollution.

The basic issue that must be achieved within the framework of full sustainable development is the renewal of resources, reduction of economic growth to the optimal level ensuring renewable resources, reduction of environmental pollution, creation of biodegradable substitutes for fossil fuels, replacement of traditional energy based on mineral combustion for technological innovations in in the field of energy, including the development of energy based on renewable energy sources, etc. To this should be added a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to slow down the negative aspects of the oceogenic climate of the Earth. There is so much to do in these themes and, above all, a great deal to do in the 21st century so that it would not be too late.'

To effectively carry out this process, it is necessary to develop universal, precise measures of sustainable development that will be used globally and will be recognized as the standards for assessing the process of achieving and achieving sustainable economic development in harmony with ecology.

But it is very difficult to establish precise measures for the sustainable development process. Sustainable economic development in correlation with ecology should be measured to determine if it is being implemented. It is necessary to define precise determinants that on one hand will determine the pace of economic development and on the other hand will take into account specific issues of ecology. It should be a set of quantified indicators based on selected measurable and quantitative data, so that the whole analytical process can be considered as a research objective method. The best solution will therefore be to develop an analytical scoring method, for which the basic components of this method will be defined economic and ecological quantitative indicators.

In the light of the above, the question arises: Is sustainable development possible taking into account the full harmony of economic development with ecology?

Even if it is unrealistic, what are the reasons for building a theoretical model that would present such a fully balanced development?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

In which large pro-ecological investment projects many new jobs can be created and in the long-term, new economic added value will be generated, and revenue will be increased and economic growth will be improved?

In what undertakings, types of economic activity should a pro-development sustainable development policy be used to generate additional jobs and improve economic growth for the period of forecasted slowdown in economic growth?

In my opinion, an example of this type of large pro-ecological investment projects is the construction of large power plants producing electricity as part of renewable energy technologies.

What other large pro-environmental investment projects can generate new economic added value, increase in revenues and improvement of economic growth in the long-term perspective?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion.

Best wishes

Is there an empirical formula to calculate horizontal aerodynamic thrust for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for operational and stopping condition ?

Hello Dear Researchers,

Given the potentials, and environmental and economic issues in the field of renewable energy, which type of biomass source will be environmentally and economically superior in the future; Forest Biomass, Herbaceous Biomass, Aquatic Biomass or Manure Biomass?

Bests,

Dashtpeyma

I need to measure the CCT from rotor angle graph >> is it possible ? HOW?

it will be highly appreciated, if you advice any method to calculate the CCT

Is it feasible to replace my Photo Voltaic (PV) solar panels system by Solar Water Heater (SWH)?

Why, despite the scientifically confirmed fact that the global warming process is progressing faster and faster in many countries, so little is done in terms of necessary proecological reforms and implementation of ecological innovations and development of energy based on renewable energy sources, development of electromobility, plastic reduction from packaging, improvement of waste segregation and development recycling?

Due to the accelerating process of global warming, it is necessary to increase expenditures on the development of eco-innovations, their industrial implementation and accelerate the implementation of necessary pro-ecological reforms, first of all development of energy based on renewable energy sources, development of electromobility, plastic reduction from packaging, development of biodegradable applications materials of organic origin, improvement of waste segregation processes, development of recycling, organic farming, zero-energy construction and other key aspects of sustainable pro-ecological development carried out according to the concept of green economy, etc.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Every year new sources of clean energy and technologies are created. New, innovative technologies in the field of renewable energy are being created. The existing technologies of renewable energy sources have been successively improved in the direction of creating more and more economically efficient and energy-saving technological solutions. New patents and innovative technological solutions are being created. New types of materials used in new energy sources devices are being discovered. The main determinant of technological progress in this field should be the process of implementing the most energy-saving technologies on the industrial scale and promoted for industrial implementation and the transport sector should be sources of energy under RES that will emit the least harmful external effects to the planet Earth environment.

In view of the above, the current question is: Will man manage to create and develop on a mass scale in industry and energy innovative technologies of renewable energy sources, through which will stop the greenhouse effect on Earth?

Please, answer, comments.

I invite you to the discussion.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

How are investments in renewable energy sources financed in your country?

Are pro-ecologic investments financed in your country mainly by commercially operating enterprises or from the public finance system of the state?

Will the state co-finance new pro-ecological investments from the state budget funds in a situation of low-cost ecological projects developing renewable energy sources?

In my opinion, in the situation of low profitability of investments in pro-ecological undertakings, in the absence of pro-ecological projects financing by the private sector, the state should co-finance new pro-ecological projects from public funds, including primarily the development of energy based on renewable energy sources, infrastructure for development electromobility, etc.

Do you agree with my opinion?

Please reply

Best wishes

Based on your expertise, what are advantages and disadvantages of producing H2 or CH4 from renewable sources (wind, PV etc)? I am mainly interested in collecting different points of view, e.g. local pollution, global climate mitigation, energy engineering and mitigation of peak demand, economic aspects, social impact, policies, quality and safety of the final product, regulatory barriers.

Which leading Techno-Economic Software is recommended for Renewable Energy Projects...

SAM ?

I am currently working on the design of a hybrid renewable energy system for a factory. I have obtained the monthly consumption of energy but unfortunately the hourly demand load is not available.

Is there anyway to derive the hourly demand profile from the monthly consumption data?

I want to use the MOGA which is in the Matlab optimization toolbox. it is known that this function is used to find the minimum for the two function. my question is how to use it to find the minimum of one function and the maximum of another function simultaneously?

Photovoltaic integration with grid. Voltage fluctuation limits

With more and more renewable power integrated into power grids, the proportion of synchronous generators significantly decreases. As many researchers recommended the renewable power to emulate the dynamic behavior of "inertia" in conventional generators, is it still be a meaningful in the future with near 100% penetration level of renewable power?

Hi

I work in the field of renewable energies in buildings, exactly the economical impact of adopting solar energy in building.

I am looking for a scientific journal specialized in publishing scientific works in this field. It shall be available for the following conditions:

1- The topic of renewable energy and buildings.

2- Indexed Scopus.

3- Quick response to submitted works.

4- Free of charge.

I would be very grateful if you could help and guide me!

What is the performance of flat (0 angle) Solar PV installations?

For example, if I want to find the stochastic OPF of a system, shift factors can provide a way to find shifted power for different scenarios. Therefore, OPF for each scenario is not required but only for base case. This will reduce simulation time. Please share relevant code if possible. Thanks.

I would like to know the estimation process of municipal solid waste in a city. That too in case of India.

What kind of scientific research dominate in the field of Sustainable pro-ecological development of the global economy?

Probably the future of humanity depends on the next decade. If, over the next few years, renewable energy sources replacing traditional energy based on the burning of minerals are developed on a massive scale, it might be possible for humankind to avoid a climatic catastrophe in the 21st century. The international climate agreement that currently (December 2018) concluded in Katowice in Poland may be a late and insufficient agreement, because most countries do not intend to develop high-budget projects for the construction and development of power plants based on renewable energy sources. In addition, changes in the automotive industry, changes leading to the development of motorization in the direction of electromobility are too slow. The problem is serious because it concerns the future of all humanity in the perspective of the next two to three generations, yet the necessary changes and reforms in the implementation of economic principles of sustainable pro-ecological development are too slow. With the current pace of changes, there may be a shortage of time to implement the necessary pro-ecological undertakings, and then the problem of global warming will become an irreversible process and will constantly accelerate!

Please reply. I invite you to the discussion

There are many possible applications and reasons of utilization of renewable energy.

Please share your opinion where and how renewable energy utilization can be increased?

Also, share your opinion, why renewable energy sources are not accepted significantly?

Hey guys in a lab setting, chambered experiment in a somewhat enclosed area im working with a CCS company to reduce overall global GHG emission's and we're trying to come up with a machine that essentially uses CO2,CH4 and NO2 as fuel sources with no combustion however we've run into an issue of sorts as we've also decided to go into collecting noble gases as well and we'd like to increase the concentration of these gases however i have no idea as to how to accomplish this. I've looked everywhere on the web and i've ran into methane hydrates, Increasing gas pressure's and an overall lack of sources on the idea as i'm working with atmospheric conditions not aqueous. One solution to this could be building an aqueous permeable membrane but idk how that'd work with the other gases that are absorbed such as the noble gases. So i'd really like some help.

Hi again, while working on the carbon capture methods from a renewable energy project, i realized that thermodynamics has somewhat of a huge role to play when discussing gaseous capture, what are some of the available methods such as OxyFuel where co2 and o2 can be captured however but aren't energy intensive or are very low energy requiring methods?

Why is a DC link capacitor required in a grid integrated renewable energy system?

Suppose we consider a single stage system with solar PV array  feeding the grid than why do we require a DC link capacitor? A MPPT technique will ensure that maximum power and required reference voltage is made available at inverter terminals.Why is an energy saving device required at the inverter input  terminals? Is it working as a filter? Is it that the PV array will transfer its entire energy to DC link capacitor which will further transfer it to the grid? If yes, why can't it be done without capacitor?

In steady state do we need to use DC link capacitor or is it just required for dynamic conditions?

In many countries, energy based on renewable energy sources is being developed. This development is determined by many economic, ecological and geographical factors. This development results from the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the scale of air pollution by exhaust from mechanical vehicles. The development of energy based on renewable energy sources is indispensable due to the faster global warming process. Therefore, energy based on renewable energy sources should be developed.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

In the context of the above issues, I am asking you the following question:

Please reply

I invite you to the discussion

Thank you very much

Best wishes

Dear friends and colleagues,

Are you aware of existing or developing infrastructure works, under which two or more renewable energy technologies are coordinated towards the co-generation of green power energy wordlwide? In general, which renewable-based technologies could be ideally/technically combined to each other towards energy production? Which is the typical output rated power, the advancements, and the technological shortcomings of such large-scale infrastructure works? What about the socio-economic impact concerned?

Thank you for your reply.

Grigorios

I am trying to do a project where I determine the reservoir storage capacity for a pure pumped storage hydropower plant to store excess capacity and generate auxiliary power at an existing plant. I need to know how planners generally decide what capacity is required for a given thermal utility.

A lot of today's world vices can be eliminated if certain targeted modules and adapted curricula are introduced in the schooling system. One of these vices is energy squandering with all its negative consequences for the planet (e.g. depletion of finite energy sources and the subsequent climate change).The routine energy-related behavior and proves that this behavior changes to a more energy efficient one, after the dissemination of relevant information and the participation into the energy education projects. Namely, response percentages indicating the energy-efficient behavior increased after project participation while the ones indicating an energy-squandering behavior decreased.

Need for renewable energy education and training at all levels is globally recognized. During the last three decades a large number of countries across the globe have initiated academic programmes on renewable energy technologies and related aspects. A review of published literature on renewable energy education initiatives across the globe, challenges faced, and potential approaches towards efficient and effective solutions is needed.

In Your Opinion