Reliability - Science topic

Hello

I am particularly interested in obtaining historical data for an artificial intelligence index. If anyone has access to this type of data or can recommend sources where I might find it . I would be very grateful. Information on datasets, APIs, or reliable databases for AI indices would be incredibly helpful for my research.

Considering that traditional situational judgment tests (SJT) often demonstrate not high reliability but can be valid, is it possible to develop methods or approaches that would enhance the reliability of SJT without compromising their validity? What changes in testing format or assessment methods would you recommend to achieve this goal?

Hi all,

I'm looking to conduct screening on a cell line of interest, using the Boyden Chamber Assay method, to identify migratory vs non-migratory phenotypes and then elucidate their matching genotypes.

I was wondering if anyone had any ideas of how to reliably separate the migrating cells on the lower transwell membrane, from the non-migratory cells suspended in the upper chamber?

Any ideas are appreciated...thanks!

Greetings to all.

My laboratory is currently seeking funding and financing and the opportunity has arisen to acquire a device for determining food composition (DA 7250 NIR Analyzer).

I would like to hear the opinion of food science peers to verify whether the results obtained from this technology are reliable and do not require the use of traditional techniques (e.g., protein determination using the Kjeldahl method).

Thank you!

I am trying to calculate the reliability of a product(like multiple devices of the item), I would like to know what are the various techniques that can be used and different methods of determining an ideal failure situation. I am already aware of the different indices like MTBF, MTTF, basic Reliability index for a single item of a product. I appreciate your suggestions and help. Thank you.

I have a question about reliability/agreement.

100 raters (teachers) evaluated 1 student presentation based on 5 criteria (introduction, eye contact, etc.). Each rater rated each criterion. Each criterion was rated on a 5-point interval scale.

I would now like to calculate the inter-rater reliability for each criterion individually. In other words, to what extent do the teachers agree on the assessment of the criterion of eye contact, for example.

Since I only want to analyze the reliability of 1 item, I believe that many common reliability methods are not applicable (Krippendorf's alpha, ICC).

So my question would be how I could calculate this agreement/reliability? Thank you very much for your help.

https://konnifel.com/. Specifically, how reputable is it for offering valuable research experiences, and what feedback have students and professionals given about its internships?

Prior to drafting, I was given the chance to use either a quantitative or mixed methods approach. Due to me consulting with teachers and a former panelist before. However, as I am writing my undergraduate study it becomes apparent that I could not utilize a theory due to the limitations of my study (i.e., learning curve of learning a software or a research instrument and determining how reliable it is, financial capacity of the researcher and time frame for a simultaneous course such as mine). Also I would like to add that the 3 theories considered were rejected due to this: the first one had a variable that is beyond the scope of the study; second and third both had unclear definitions and would be a source of uncertainty; plus the third one had math topics that are too hard for me such would only exacerbate the concerns of learning curve and the time frame. Besides that (I am not sure of this) the research question that I had was exploratory in nature so even if I did use one or two theories I am hesitant if it is truly necessary.

So I am wondering if my understanding is correct, does an exploratory research not warrant a theory? If it does, is it acceptable of me not to utilize one given my limitations ?

On another note, given how quantitative study is always about theory testing should I go for a mixed methods approach and state the assumptions of my study as follows:

Qualitative assumptions:

1. The research generates meaning as he or she interacts with the study and its context.

2. Researcher finds pattern when collecting data from or for a specific problem.

3. Theory generation. (Not to be included)

Quantitative assumptions:

1. Theory testing (Not to be included)

2. Knowledge is antifoundational.

3. Data collection, know how and rational considerations create knowledge.

Would it be acceptable for me to use an exploratory sequential mixed method? Is it okay for me not to use either theory generation or testing as I find it difficult to find the middle ground between the two and just present it as a research gap?

I am quite confused at the moment. Inputs would be highly appreciated. Thank you madams and sirs.

A software that can be downloaded or available freely for students.

As a graduate student at the Arizona State University in the Mary Lou Fulton College of Education, I am beginning my Capstone process. In one of our classes, we have been asked to develop a definition for "Research" and "Evaluation" in our own words.

· Research is the collection of information with the intent of increasing knowledge and understanding on a specific subject.

· Evaluation is the practice of judging the performance to a specific set of criteria or standards for accomplishment.

To compare and contrast "Research" and "Evaluation" if noticed these specific items.

· Similarities – Both Research and Evaluation should be grounded in empirical evidence. In each, reliable and valid evidence is collected for analysis.

· Differences – The purpose of research is to collect information to explain existing bodies of knowledge or generate new theories. The purpose of evaluation is to assess the understanding or performance against a specified standard.

In your experience as educators or professionals, is there marked differences between these concepts or have they become synonymous?

What is the difference between performance, stability, and reliability in the context of estate appraisal?

Is any performant (accurate) appraisal necessarily reliable? Stable?

we need a research scholar who has done factor analysis before.- EFA,CFA,reliability and Validity cheeking of items, and stability in SPSS or SPSS Amose.

I cannot seem to find a source that sells these cells… And the papers I've read so far a not clear concerning cell line origin. It's always someone else that gave them a vial.

Assinante is highly appreciated.

Kind regards,

Vasco

Salam Alaykoum,

I am opening this discussion to gather insights and perspectives regarding the use of Our World in Data (OWID) as a source for scholarly articles, research, and studies. OWID is a widely used platform that provides accessible data on a range of topics like global health, economics, environment, and education.

Regards,

Dr. F CHELLAI

I'm trying to implement BB84 on a network, however I don't have a source code that is backed by any organization or a peer reviewed paper. Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks!

Can somebody tell me about the good books of reliability engineering?

Please provide link/s.

Although it may seem like a straightforward task, several labs have struggled to find a reliable vendor for freezing stage microtomes. Has anyone recently sourced one from a supplier, excluding eBay or second-hand options?

The aim here is to use freezing stage microtome to cut brain sections.

Thanks a lot!

Within the framework of Research 5.0, the incorporation of AI-driven approaches holds the capacity to reshape the field of scientific investigation profoundly. This paradigm shift in research practices has the potential to improve the precision of data analysis, optimize the efficiency of research procedures, and maintain the utmost ethical standards in diverse fields of study. The ability of AI to analyze vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and create predictive models enables academics to gain insights with unparalleled accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the ethical integration of AI in research guarantees openness, impartiality, and responsibility, effectively dealing with issues related to prejudice and data reliability. With the growing importance of AI in Research 5.0, it holds the potential to fundamentally change the processes of knowledge generation, validation, and application in academic and practical settings.

I sequenced two isolates of a virus and constructed a phylogenetic tree base on their partial sequence. Although both sequences are 100% identical, they are separated from each other by another NCBI sequence that has 99% identity to my sequences.

However, the number of sequences submitted in GenBank is limited (about four sequences) and when I constructed the tree based on a shorter sequence (but more sequences), this problem will be solved.

Is it possible the low number of sequences cause this issue? and which tree is more reliable? a tree with more sequences but shorter length or a tree with low number of isolates but longer sequence?

Dear Researchers:

when we do the regression analysis by using SPSS, when we want to measure a specific variable, some researchers take the average of items under each measurement while some others add the value of each items ? Which one is more reliable? which one produces more better results ?

Thanks in advance

For the seismic design of structures, building codes typically consider an intensity corresponding to a ground motion with a return period of 475 years. This return period implies a 10% probability of exceedance over the structure's lifetime (usually 50 years). Given that failure is equally likely in each year (assuming independence), the annual probability of failure is calculated to be 0.0021 per year.

I am curious about how this specific number was determined and which was the first code to propose it. Is this value based on a quantitative assessment, or was it a consensus decision within the engineering community? More importantly, how does this annual failure probability relate to the target probability of failure in codes like EN1990, which explicitly indicates a target reliability index of β = 4.7 (corresponding to a failure probability of 10^-6 per year)?

If anyone can share their insights on this topic or point me toward relevant references, I would greatly appreciate it.

Hello everyone,

I am researching AI-enabled systems' impact on user interaction and experience. Specifically, I want to understand how different AI technologies (such as computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning) enhance user engagement and satisfaction in various applications.

Here are a few questions to kick off the discussion:

I’m looking to identify the various elements that affect how users interact with AI systems, such as user interface design, accuracy, reliability, ease of use, and personalization.

I am interested in comparing AI-enabled systems with traditional, non-AI systems regarding user experience. How do AI systems provide more intuitive and responsive interactions, offer personalized recommendations, and automate routine tasks?

I would appreciate references to existing research or case studies demonstrating successful AI implementations in improving user interaction. Examples from healthcare, education, or customer service would be precious.

Any insights, references, or personal experiences would be greatly appreciated!

Thank you!

I am Ph.d scholar I have read from some university guideline that ... 2.2 Hypotheses (if applicable): Hypotheses must be formulated in light of the research questions and objectives of the study , which are to be tested for possible acceptance or rejection .

it is said in the following manner...

Cronbach's alpha is a reliability test that measures the internal consistency of a questionnaire or survey. It ensures that the questions are measuring the same concept or construct, and that the results are consistent and accurate.

Here's how Cronbach's alpha justifies the absence of a hypothesis:

1. *Exploratory research*: If you're conducting exploratory research, you might not have a pre-defined hypothesis. Cronbach's alpha helps ensure that your data is reliable and consistent, allowing you to explore patterns and relationships without a preconceived notion.

2. *Pilot study*: Cronbach's alpha is useful in pilot studies to refine your questionnaire or survey. By ensuring reliability, you can make adjustments before conducting the main study, reducing the need for a hypothesis.

3. *Descriptive research*: In descriptive research, you aim to describe a phenomenon without testing a hypothesis. Cronbach's alpha ensures that your data accurately describes the population or phenomenon.

Examples:

1. A survey to understand customer satisfaction with a new product. Cronbach's alpha ensures that the satisfaction questions are consistent and reliable, allowing for accurate description of customer satisfaction.

2. A questionnaire to explore the impact of social media on mental health. Cronbach's alpha ensures that the questions related to social media use and mental health are consistent and reliable, enabling exploration of patterns and relationships.

3. A pilot study to develop a new scale measuring employee engagement. Cronbach's alpha helps refine the scale, ensuring that it's reliable and consistent before conducting the main study.

In summary, Cronbach's alpha ensures the reliability and consistency of your data, allowing you to:

- Explore patterns and relationships without a pre-defined hypothesis

- Refine your questionnaire or survey in pilot studies

- Accurately describe phenomena in descriptive research

By justifying the reliability of your data, Cronbach's alpha supports the absence of a hypothesis in your research.

So, plz someone help me for my question after reading the above discussion.

I have some doubts about the reliability and accuracy of the observations. Some insect observations and other taxa may require expertise or PCR analysis for accurate identification. Have you used iNaturalist for research before? Any recommendations or stories about it?

What methods do you use to gather data in a case study, and how do you ensure its reliability?

Hi

I am working on data driven model of the microgrid, for that, i need the reliable datasets for the identification of MG data driven Model.

Thanks

Hello, I am trying to fix Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 cells with 4% formaldehyde for 20-30 minutes (on ice and in the dark) for fluorescent microscopy. I am attempting to stain the DNA and outer membrane, but have not been successful with this fixation method. The dyes give weak signals and appear to be exported out, suggesting the bacteria are not completely fixed with formaldehyde. Does anyone have a reliable protocol for PAO1 fixation, including concentration, time, quenching, etc.? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

I need a reliable source or an example supported by excel sheet to understand Fuzzy Vikor?

Who is controlling it? Are there any reviews?

I have identified many solutions. I need suggestion from somebody with application experience of this topic to identify the most reliable and robust procedure.

Hi! Me and my mates are conducting a correlational study. We wanted to gather 150 participants as a minimum number and a max of 300. The problem is that I am having a hard time finding reliable citations that could explain 150 respondents are Okay.

hope to have an answer soon. Thank you!

Hello,

For my master's thesis I conduct research into the reliability and validity of a questionnaire. I want to determine how many participants I need to include for my study in order that the results will be useful. How can I do the power analysis for a reliability and validity study? Or is there another way to know how many participants I need to incorporate?

Hi

Is there any citation to support (consider acceptable) a high value of Cronbach Alpha (CA) and Composite Reliability (CR) (more than 0.95) ?

Additional info: the questionnaire is long but there is no redundant questions.

1. Components of Test Validity (Dimensionality, Item difficulty, Item discrimination, guessing parameter, Carelessness etc

2. Reliability is consistency of outcome in different test occasions.

I am looking for an accurate PLTP activity assay kit (also for CETP and LCAT). Do you have any experience? which company provider is reliable?

zzz

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Which method is more accurate and popular for testing the validity and reliability of my scales?

I'm looking for a way to measure the uncertainty (standard deviation) on the quantification (area) of the components of an XPS spectrum using CasaXPS.

I found these options in the software, but they don't satisfy me:

1) From the "Quantify (F7)" window, in the "Regions" tab, clicking on "Calculate Error Bars" but it is independent of the fit and changes with each click.

2) From the "Quantify (F7)" window, in the "Components" tab, by clicking on "Monte Carlo", I obtain only the relative value and not the absolute one. But above all, the values do not follow the goodness of the fit: even with components that are not fitted and clearly incorrect, the value is low.

As I have not found these methods to be reliable, my idea is to use the RMS as an estimation of the error on the sum of the areas of the components and then obtain the percentage error of the individual components.

My scope is to provide the composition of my sample, and also the percentages of the various components, for each element, all with their measurement error.

Does anyone know if there is a more automatic and reliable method?

Recently I asked a question related to QCD and in response reliability of QCD itself was challenged by many researchers.

It left me with the question, what exactly is fundamental in physics. Can we rely entirely on the two equations given by Einstien? If not then what can we say as fundamental in physics?

Is International Journal of Digital Earth a predatory journal or a reliable one?

Hello everyone,

I'm currently working on a project where I need to isolate viruses in culture from incubation with PCR-positive serum samples, but I'm facing the challenge of dissociating antibodies bound to the virus. Does anyone have a reliable protocol or references that could share for pre-treatment of infectious sample for isolation purposes?

Any guidance or suggestions would be greatly appreciated! Thank you in advance for your help.

Actually as I searched about, there are two major method in determining hydrogen peroxide concentration, one is titration with sodium thiosulfate and other is titration with permangenate, I wanted to know which of them are more reliable, and what are the pros and cons of each method.

Thanks

Other two questions are:

1) Are the conversion tables (grit-microns) found om internet reliable?

2) Where does the equation to convert grit in microns come from?

In my study, I found an odds ratio (OR) of 65 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 1.2 to 195. Given the large odds ratio and the wide confidence interval, what are the potential reasons for these findings? Is this result reliable, and how should it be interpreted?

I would like to look at mitochondrial density in transverse sections of intestine. I do not have access to a TEM. I cannot really determine based on an internet search whether it is feasible to do with light microscopy. Is anyone aware of a reliable method, if one exists. I was contemplating if using a vital dye prior to fixation might be a way to go?

Dear Colleagues, I need to know how to perform this query for possible answer to reviewer. Thanks and Regards

Dear ResearchGate Community,

I hope this message finds you well.

As an active researcher, I am always looking to participate in reputable academic conferences to present my work and collaborate with fellow scholars. However, I have become increasingly concerned about the proliferation of predatory conferences, which lack academic rigor and exploit researchers.

Could you please recommend reliable websites or databases where I can find information about credible academic conferences (especially in Management, and Psychology)?

Your guidance and any shared experiences would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you for your assistance.

Best regards,

Jyun-Kai  Liang,

Associate Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Hsuan Chuang University

What sample size would be most suitable for a structural equation modeling study to achieve reliable and generalizable results?

Dear network, I am looking for a reliable and fast lab for geochemical analyzes for bulk rock (major and trace elements).

I am conducting research for my capstone project on the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT-generated medical information and would greatly appreciate your insights and expertise on this topic.

Below are a few questions I have regarding the methodology used in assessing ChatGPT-generated medical information but feel free to offer any alter ate insights.

1. What methodologies are commonly employed to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of AI-generated medical responses like those produced by ChatGPT?

2. Could you provide examples of specific metrics or criteria used to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT-generated medical information?

3. How do researchers ensure the reliability of human assessments when grading the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT-generated medical responses?

4. Are there any established guidelines or best practices for designing experiments to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in generating medical information?

5. In your experience, what are the main challenges or limitations associated with current methodologies used to assess the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT-generated medical information?

Your valuable input will greatly contribute to the depth and rigor of my research. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration.

Hello everyone

I am analyzing data, and one of the instruments was used to measure the level of diabetes knowledge. The instrument is a quiz, and it has a total score. How can I measure the reliability of this quiz format instrument? How can I measure the consistency of the instrument?

Any related discussion or information would be appreciated.

This is my first experience, getting an invitation to participate in writing a book chapter at intechopen.

The article "Validity and Reliability of Measurement Instruments Used in Research" by Carole L. Kimberlin and Almut G. Winterstein emphasizes the importance of reliability and validity in research instruments for accurate and consistent data collection. It emphasizes the development and validation process, reliability estimates, validity, responsiveness to change, and data accuracy, particularly in healthcare and social science research, where accurate and reliable instruments are crucial for quality research.

If you design a scale specimen to do a seismic experiment. What should you look for to make the experiment reliable?

1.In microscale experiments should you do everything in microscale and the displacement between two points?

2.The models must have the scale within their structure, so that the sub-scale intensity of the earthquake causes corresponding sub-scale displacements that agree with elastic theory ?

If anyone knows the rules of microscale seismic experiments it would be very useful for me to know them. Thanks a lot!

Hi dear researchers!

Could you please tell me what are the main reliable journals with articles that are talking about groundwater quality, isotopic analysis and salinity?

Thank you in advance

Can we stop global climate change? Does human scientific power reach the world's climate change? How do researchers respond?

As you know, humans are very intelligent and can predict the future climate of the world with hydrology, climatology and paleontology. But don't countries, especially industrialized countries, that produce the most harmful gases in the earth's atmosphere and think about the future of the earth's atmosphere? Do they listen to the research of climatologists? What would have to happen to force them to listen to climate scientists?

Miloud Chakit added a reply

Climate change is an important and complex global challenge, and scientific theories about it are based on extensive research and evidence. The future path of the world depends on various factors including human actions, political decisions and international cooperation.

Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change continue. While complete reversal may be challenging, important steps can be taken to slow progression and lessen its effects. This requires global cooperation, sustainable practices and the development and implementation of clean energy technologies.

Human scientific abilities play an important role, but dealing with climate change also requires social, economic and political changes. The goal is to limit global warming and its associated impacts, and collective action at the local, national, and international levels is essential for a more sustainable future.

Reply to this discussion

Osama Bahnas added a reply

It is impossible to stop global climate change. The human scientific power can not reach the world's climate change.

Borys Kapochkin added a reply

Mathematical models of increasing planetary temperature as a function of the argument - anthropogenic influence - are erroneous.

Alastair Bain McDonald added a reply

We could stop climate change but we won't! We have the scientific knowldge but not the political will. One could blame Russia and China from refusing to cooperate but half the population of the USA (Republicans) deny climate change is a problem and prefer their profligate life styles reply:

All climate change has been loaded on the CO2 responsible for the greenhouse effect. Therefore, there must be scientific experiments from several independent scientific institutes worldwide to find out what the greenhouse impact is on various CO2 concentrations. Then, there must be a conference from a reliable, professional organization with the participation of all independent scientific institutions to establish standards on CO2 concentrations and propose political actions accordingly.

The second action that can be done is to plant as many trees and plants as possible to breathe the CO2 and free the oxygen. Stop any deforestation and plant trees immediately in any bunt areas.

Reply to this discussion

Effect of Injecting Hydrogen Peroxide into Heavy Clay Loam Soil on Plant Water Status, NET CO2 Assimilation, Biomass, and Vascular Anatomy of Avocado Trees

In Chile, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchards are often located in poorly drained, low-oxygen soils, situation which limits fruit production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of injecting soil with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a source of molecular oxygen, on plant water status, net CO2 assimilation, biomass and anatomy of avocado trees set in clay loam soil with water content maintained at field capacity. Three-year-old ‘Hass’ avocado trees were planted outdoors in containers filled with heavy loam clay soil with moisture content sustained at field capacity. Plants were divided into two treatments, (a) H2O2 injected into the soil through subsurface drip irrigation and (b) soil with no H2O2 added (control). Stem and root vascular anatomical characteristics were determined for plants in each treatment in addition to physical soil characteristics, net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (gs), stem water potential (SWP), shoot and root biomass, water use efficiency (plant biomass per water applied [WUEb]). Injecting H2O2 into the soil significantly increased the biomass of the aerial portions of the plant and WUEb, but had no significant effect on measured A, T, gs, or SWP. Xylem vessel diameter and xylem/phloem ratio tended to be greater for trees in soil injected with H2O2 than for controls. The increased biomass of the aerial portions of plants in treated soil indicates that injecting H2O2 into heavy loam clay soils may be a useful management tool in poorly aerated soil.

Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants

Urban shade trees offer significant benefits in reducing building air-conditioning demand and improving urban air quality by reducing smog. The savings associated with these benefits vary by climate region and can be up to $200 per tree. The cost of planting trees and maintaining them can vary from $10 to $500 per tree. Tree-planting programs can be designed to have lower costs so that they offer potential savings to communities that plant trees. Our calculations suggest that urban trees play a major role in sequestering CO2 and thereby delay global warming. We estimate that a tree planted in Los Angeles avoids the combustion of 18 kg of carbon annually, even though it sequesters only 4.5-11 kg (as it would if growing in a forest). In this sense, one shade tree in Los Angeles is equivalent to three to five forest trees. In a recent analysis for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City, we estimated that planting an average of four shade trees per house (each with a top view cross section of 50 m2) would lead to an annual reduction in carbon emissions from power plants of 16,000, 41,000, and 9000 t, respectively (the per-tree reduction in carbon emissions is about 10-11 kg per year). These reductions only account for the direct reduction in the net cooling- and heating-energy use of buildings. Once the impact of the community cooling is included, these savings are increased by at least 25%.

Can Moisture-Indicating Understory Plants Be Used to Predict Survivorship of Large Lodgepole Pine Trees During Severe Outbreaks of Mountain Pine Beetle?

Why do some mature lodgepole pines survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks while most are killed? Here we test the hypothesis that mature trees growing in sites with vascular plant indicators of high relative soil moisture are more likely to survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks than mature trees associated with indicators of lower relative soil moisture. Working in the Clearwater Valley of south central British Columbia, we inventoried understory plants growing near large-diameter and small-diameter survivors and nonsurvivors of a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the mid-2000s. When key understory species were ranked according to their accepted soil moisture indicator value, a significant positive correlation was found between survivorship in large-diameter pine and inferred relative high soil moisture status—a finding consistent with the well-documented importance of soil moisture in the mobilization of defense compounds in lodgepole pine. We suggest that indicators of soil moisture may be useful in predicting the survival of large pine trees in future pine beetle outbreaks. Study Implications: A recent outbreak of the mountain pine beetle resulted in unprecedented levels of lodgepole pine mortality across southern inland British Columbia. Here, we use moisture-dependent understory plants to show that large lodgepole pine trees growing in sites with high relative moisture are more likely than similar trees in drier sites to survive severe outbreaks of mountain pine beetle—a finding that may be related to a superior ability to mobilize chemical defense compounds compared with drought-stressed trees.

Can Functional Traits Explain Plant Coexistence? A Case Study with Tropical Lianas and Trees

Organisms are adapted to their environment through a suite of anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits. These functional traits are commonly thought to determine an organism’s tolerance to environmental conditions. However, the differences in functional traits among co-occurring species, and whether trait differences mediate competition and coexistence is still poorly understood. Here we review studies comparing functional traits in two co-occurring tropical woody plant guilds, lianas and trees, to understand whether competing plant guilds differ in functional traits and how these differences may help to explain tropical woody plant coexistence. We examined 36 separate studies that compared a total of 140 different functional traits of co-occurring lianas and trees. We conducted a meta-analysis for ten of these functional traits, those that were present in at least five studies. We found that the mean trait value between lianas and trees differed significantly in four of the ten functional traits. Lianas differed from trees mainly in functional traits related to a faster resource acquisition life history strategy. However, the lack of difference in the remaining six functional traits indicates that lianas are not restricted to the fast end of the plant life–history continuum. Differences in functional traits between lianas and trees suggest these plant guilds may coexist in tropical forests by specializing in different life–history strategies, but there is still a significant overlap in the life–history strategies between these two competing guilds.

The use of operator action event trees to improve plant-specific emergency operating procedures

Even with plant standardization and generic emergency procedure guidelines (EPGs), there are sufficient dissimilarities in nuclear power plants that implementation of the guidelines at each plant must be performed in a manner that ensures consideration of plant-specific design features and operating characteristics. The use of operator action event tress (OAETs) results in identification of key features unique to each plant and yields insights into accident prevention and mitigation that can be factored into plant-specific emergency procedures. Operator action event trees were developed as a logical extension of the event trees developed during probabilistic risk analyses. The dominant accident sequences developed from a plant-specific probabilistic risk assessment represent the utility's best understanding of the most likely combination of events that must occur to create a situation in which core cooling is threatened or significant releases occur. It is desirable that emergency operating procedures (EOPs) provide adequate guidance leading to appropriate operator actions for these sequences. The OAETs provide a structured approach for assuring that the EOPs address these situations.

Plant and Wood Area Index of Solitary Trees for Urban Contexts in Nordic Cities

Background: We present the plant area index (PAI) measurements taken for 63 deciduous broadleaved tree species and 1 deciduous conifer tree species suitable for urban areas in Nordic cities. The aim was to evaluate PAI and wood area index (WAI) of solitary-grown broadleaved tree species and cultivars of the same age in order to present a data resource of individual tree characteristics viewed in summer (PAI) and in winter (WAI). Methods: All trees were planted as individuals in 2001 at the Hørsholm Arboretum in Denmark. The field method included a Digital Plant Canopy Imager where each scan and contrast values were set to consistent values. Results: The results illustrate that solitary trees differ widely in their WAI and PAI and reflect the integrated effects of leaf material and the woody component of tree crowns. The indications also show highly significant (P < 0.001) differences between species and genotypes. The WAI had an overall mean of 0.91 (± 0.03), ranging from Tilia platyphyllos ‘Orebro’ with a WAI of 0.32 (± 0.04) to Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ with a WAI of 1.94 (± 0.09). The lowest mean PAI in the dataset was Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ with a PAI of 1.93 (± 0.05), whereas Acer campestre ‘Kuglennar’ represents the cultivar with the largest PAI of 8.15 (± 0.14). Conclusions: Understanding how this variation in crown architectural structure changes over the year can be applied to climate responsive design and microclimate modeling where plant and wood area index of solitary-grown trees in urban contexts are of interest.

Do Exotic Trees Threaten Southern Arid Areas of Tunisia? A Case Study Indian Journal of Ecology (2020) 00(0): 000-000 Plant-plant interactions

an afforested steppe planted This study was conducted in with aims to compare the effects of exotic and native Stipa tenacissima trees (and , respectively) on the understory vegetation and soil properties. For each tree species, two sub-Acacia salicina Pinus halepensis habitats were distinguished: the canopied sub-habitat (under the tree crown) and the un-canopied sub-habitat (open grassland). Soil moisture was measured in both sub-habitats at 10 cm depth. In parallel to soil moisture, investigated the effect of tree species on soil fertility. Soil samples were collected from the upper 10 cm soil, excluding litter and stones. The nutrient status of soil (organic matter, total N, extractable P) was significantly higher under compared to and open areas. This tendency remained constant with the soil water A. salicina P. halepensis content which was significantly higher under trees compared to open sub-habitats. For water content, there were no significant differences between studied trees. Total plant cover, species richness and the density of perennial species were significantly higher under the exotic species compared to other sub-habitats. Among the two tree species, had the strongest positive effect on the understory Acacia salicina vegetation. It seems to be more useful as a restoration tool in arid areas and more suitable to create islands of resources and foster succession than the other investigated tree species.

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Microbial Community Structure at the Plant-Soil Interface of Young Beech Trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) Grown at Two Sites with Contrasting Climatic Conditions

Soil microbial community responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) occur mainly indirectly via CO2-induced plant growth stimulation leading to quantitative as well as qualitative changes in rhizodeposition and plant litter. In order to gain insight into short-term, site-specific effects of eCO2 on the microbial community structure at the plant-soil interface, young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from two opposing mountainous slopes with contrasting climatic conditions were incubated under ambient (360 ppm) CO2 concentrations in a greenhouse. One week before harvest, half of the trees were incubated for 2 days under eCO2 (1,100 ppm) conditions. Shifts in the microbial community structure in the adhering soil as well as in the root rhizosphere complex (RRC) were investigated via TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Multivariate analysis of the community profiles showed clear changes of microbial community structure between plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 mainly in RRC. Both TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing showed a significant decrease in the microbial diversity and evenness as a response of CO2 enrichment. While Alphaproteobacteria dominated by Rhizobiales decreased at eCO2, Betaproteobacteria, mainly Burkholderiales, remained unaffected. In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, predominated by Pseudomonadales and Myxococcales, respectively, increased at eCO2. Members of the order Actinomycetales increased, whereas within the phylum Acidobacteria subgroup Gp1 decreased, and the subgroups Gp4 and Gp6 increased under atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Moreover, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, mainly members of Bacilli, increased under eCO2. Overall, the effect intensity of eCO2 on soil microbial communities was dependent on the distance to the roots. This effect was consistent for all trees under investigation; a site-specific effect of eCO2 in response to the origin of the trees was not observed.

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Michael Senteza added a reply:

We have to separate science from business and politics in the first place , before we can adequately discuss the resolution of this global challenge .

The considerations to global warming can be logically broken down in the following

1. What are the factors that have affected the earths climate over the last million years ? 100,000 years , 10,000 years and 1,000 years .

2. Observations , the climatic changes , formations , and archaeological data to support the changes

3. The actualities of the earth dynamics , for example we know that approx 2/3 of the earth is water and we also know that of the 1/3 we have approximately 60% un inhabitable , and the 40% habitable has approximately 10% who contribute to the alleged pollution , where for example as of 2022 (https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world) The US had 290 Million cars compared to Africa (50+ Countries ) 26 Million cars the EU (33 + countries ) 413 million cars then Asia pacific with 543 Million cars ( with a population of close to 2 billion ) . We estimate that as of may there are 1.45 billion cars . this means that North America , Western Europe and Asia pacific combined have approx 1.3 billion cars , and yet close to 70% of vegetation cover and forest space is concentrated in africa , south america , northern europe and canada. we need to analyse this

4. We need to also analyse the actualities of the cause separating factors outside our reach , for example global worming as opposed to climate change . We know that climate change which has been geologically and scientifically observed to have been the reason things like Oil came into place , species became extinct and other formations created . We need to realise that a fair share of changes in climate (which some times may be confused with global worming ) have been due to changes in the earth's rotation , axis and orbit around the sun . These are factors that greatly affect the distribution of the sun's radiation on to the surface of the earth and the atmospheric impact , them make consideration of how much we produce , the dispersion rate , natural chemical balances and volumetric analysis of concentration , assimilation and alteration of elements .

5. The extent to which non scientific factors are contributing to attenuating strength of scientific argument . It is not uncommon to have politicians alter the rhetoric to serve their agenda , however it's even worse when the sponsors of the scientific research are intent on achieving specific goals and not facts .

In conclusion humans are intelligent enough to either end of mitigation the impact of global worming if it can be detached from capitalism and politics . Science can and will provide answers

Sunil Deshpande added a reply:

World‘s scientific power is doing its best to stop the global climate change. For example , alternatives to Petrol, cement, plastic are already identified and once they are consumed by many, it will have a positive impact to stop the climate change. However, to my mind, its not sufficient unless citizen of every country also contribute in his own way to stop climate change such as stopping the use of plastic, use of electric car against Petrol, stopping the engine of car at traffic signal. It should become a global movement to protect the climate.

In my research, I have 11 multiple-choice questions about environmental knowledge, each question with one correct option, three incorrect options, and one "I don't know" option (5 options in total). When I coded my data into SPSS (1 for correct and 0 for incorrect responses) and ran a reliability analysis (Cronbach's Alpha), it was around 0,330. I also ran a KR20 analysis since the data is dichotomous but still not over 0,70.

These eleven questions have been used in previous research, and when I checked them, they all stated a reliability over 0,80 with a similar sampling to the sampling of my research. This got me thinking whether I was doing something wrong.

Low reliability might be caused by each question measuring knowledge from different environmental topics? If this is the case, do I still have to state its reliability when using the results in my study? For example, I can give correct and incorrect response percentages, calculate the sum points, etc.

Thank you!

H-INDEX & CITATION EVALUATIONS OF ACADEMICIANS, HOW MUCH RELIABLE !?

please suggest me a reliable protocol

These terms are all related to the evaluation of research instruments, particularly surveys and questionnaires. Here's a breakdown of each:

Cronbach's alpha (α): This is a widely used statistic to assess the internal consistency or reliability of a test or scale. It essentially measures how closely related the items in your survey are to each other. High Cronbach's alpha indicates that the items are all measuring the same underlying concept and provide consistent results.

Average Variance Extracted (AVE): This statistic is used to assess the convergent validity of a construct in a structural equation model (SEM). Convergent validity shows how well the indicators (survey questions) represent the underlying construct they are intended to measure. A high AVE value suggests that a greater proportion of the variance in the indicators is due to the intended construct, rather than measurement error.

Composite Reliability (CR): Similar to Cronbach's alpha, CR is another measure of internal consistency in the context of SEM. It reflects the reliability of the composite score derived from multiple indicators. A high CR value indicates that the composite score is a reliable estimate of the underlying construct.

Certainly! Here's a refined version of your question:

"I've been encountering challenges downloading and reading journal articles. Despite some being accessible through Sci-Hub using their DOI numbers, there are still many that remain unavailable. Is there any reliable solution to overcome this issue?"

The Sysmex DI-60 is a machine found in labs that counts blood cells and checks other blood details. It helps doctors diagnose and keep track of health conditions by giving accurate results

Prior to the research carried out by the research group who published this journal, they assessed HDV RNA detection's diagnostic efficacy utilizing the HDV RNA detection technique and discovered that it had a good diagnostic yield. However, HDV serology's diagnostic effectiveness hasn't been thoroughly assessed and documented, thus, the need to consider the factors needed in developing a reliable serological test for HDV antibodies.

This question is based on this article:

Although Sysmex DI-60 is a fully automated analyzer, further understanding and analytical processes to ensure the reliability of its functionality are needed concerning the factors and their impact on its sample quality or preparation.

With this, what is the impact of sample quality or preparation variations on the accuracy and consistency of red blood cell morphology characterization by the DI-60 analyzer?

We would like to buy a new cell counting device for our Lab, and we're searching for a device, with a reasonable price. However, we're not sure about the reliability and the reproducibility of the results using different devices, including Logos LUNA II, Thermofisher Countess II, Biorad TC20, etc.

personally, I've used LUNA II with their 2-chamber slides and I was happy with the repeatability. Also I've used Countess II with reusable slides which was not a satisfactory experience. But I can't make a decision between the two as they were not both with single-use chamber slides.

I would appreciate if anyone can provide a head-to-head comparison, or device-to-hemocytometer comparison, or at least share their device reliability experience?

Many thanks.

Machine learning can be used for prediction of antibiotic resistance in healthcare setting. The problem is that most hospitals do not have electronic health records. Datasets need to be large to make models reliable. I need a dataset with minimum of 1000 records. Kindly assist

Hello,

I'm seeking recommendations for safe and reliable software to anonymize CT scan images for research.

While DICOMCleaner has been our go-to for removing DOB, names, and other PHI, it's become outdated and prone to frequent crashes. Your suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you in advance.

Are there investors on the forum?

The theory of the Genesis of earthquakes has been created.

Based on this theory, the main fields, the main forces involved in the development of earthquakes, are determined.