Relaxation - Science topic

Borgatti and Everett's model (2000) remains the prevailing standard for identifying categorical core-periphery structures in empirical networks, yet this method poses two significant issues. The first concerns the handling of inter-categorical ties—those linking core and periphery actors. The second problem is the model's definition of the ideal co...

Notched-bar, stress relaxation tests were conducted on samples machined from the heat affected zones of 347H and 316H v-groove weldments fabricated with 16-8-2 filler metal. Tests were conducted between 500-650°C with two different notch radii to compare the performance the alloys. Samples were loaded to a target net section stress, held in stroke...

We present a new framework for the simultaneous optimization of both the topology as well as the relative density grading of cellular structures and materials, also known as lattices. Due to manufacturing constraints, the optimization problem falls into the class of mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems. Since no algorithm is capable of solv...

Against the backdrop of China’s largely completed interest rate marketization, diversification is considered to be an important tool that can diversify risks while improving the efficiency of capital use. In this paper, 25 listed commercial banks are selected as the research object, and then the panel data of these banks are collected from 2012 to...

Complete datasets of rate coefficients for the vibrational quenching of molecular nitrogen by collision with electronically excited atomic oxygen O(¹D) over a wide temperature range are calculated for the first time. Such data are important ingredients in the modeling of non-local thermal equilibrium conditions that characterize the atmosphere, med...

We investigate enhancement in the spontaneous emission (SE) rate of CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) by a semi-infinite plasmonic nano-slit antenna. Long Al2O3 filled nano-slits having ∼15 nm width, ∼250 nm height, and >50 μm length in a silver film exhibit strong Fabry–Pérot like resonances associated with gap plasmon modes. For the QDs loca...

We analyze motility-induced phase separation and bubbly phase separation in a two-dimensional lattice model of self-propelled particles. We compare systems where the dense (liquid) phase has slab and droplet geometries. We find that interfacial fluctuations of the slab are well-described by capillary wave theory, despite the existence of bubbles in...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) co‐magnetometers are advanced quantum sensors capable of measuring angular velocity for inertial navigation. Within the Rb‐Xe atomic ensemble, Rb atoms absorb polarized light, decreasing electron spin polarization as the light travels greater distances. This attenuation causes a gradient in Rb spin polarization that...

Abstract Achieving overall wellness requires a balanced approach that integrates proper nourishment, movement, rest, and stress mastery. This article explores how these four pillars contribute to optimal physical, mental, and emotional health. Nourishment emphasizes the role of whole, nutrient-dense foods in fueling the body and supporting longevi...

This paper presents a comparison of multiple global path planning algorithms regarding their usage in multi-robot systems. Most performance-based comparisons only focus on computation time and path length, which are not the most important indicators when transporting an object using a multi-robot formation. Therefore, we decided to add the distance...

Reaction rate constants of rotational transitions in the N 2+ ion ( j→j′, j⩽36) induced by collisions with helium atoms have been calculated using recently reported cross-sections (Paláček 2024 Chem. Phys. Chem. 25 e202300469) obtained via classical trajectories run on the ground-state potential energy surface of the N 2+ /He collision complex obta...

In earlier works, it was demonstrated that Schrödinger’s equation, which includes interactions with electromagnetic fields, can be derived from a fluid dynamic Lagrangian framework. This approach treats the system as a charged potential flow interacting with an electromagnetic field. The emergence of quantum behavior was attributed to the inclusion...

The internal friction (IF) behaviors, combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the cryogenic treated and tempered M54 steel were systematically investigated. In IF-temperature curves, the peak P1 was proved to be a Snoek-Ke-Koester (SKK) relaxation peak associated with interstitial c...

Tailoring persuasive conversations to users leads to more effective persuasion. However, existing dialogue systems often struggle to adapt to dynamically evolving user states. This paper presents a novel method that leverages causal discovery and counterfactual reasoning for optimising system persuasion capability and outcomes. We employ the Greedy...

In multi-robot systems, ensuring safe and reliable decision making under uncertain conditions demands robust multi-robot belief space planning (MR-BSP) algorithms. While planning with multiple robots, each robot maintains a belief over the state of the environment and reasons how the belief would evolve in the future for different possible actions....

This paper reviews the state of the art of our understanding of the mechanisms of runaway electron generation in pressurized gases from the numerical modeling perspective. Since the energy relaxation length of these electrons is comparable to the interelectrode spacing, these electrons can be captured only using the kinetic approach. Therefore, onl...

Compositing negative-thermal-expansion materials with Al is an effective strategy for obtaining light zero-thermal-expansion (ZTE) materials. However, the dimensional stability of those composites is not guaranteed due to the residual stress generated during fabrication and the microstructure instability of the matrix. Here, we studied the effects...

A kinetic model is proposed for non-equilibrium dense gas flows interacting via the Lennard-Jones potential. First, the model utilizes molecular dynamics simulations to find the pair correlation function, ensuring accurate recovery of the equation of state. Second, it incorporates the relaxation-time approximation to simplified the complicated Ensk...

We propose to extend the multiple relaxation times lattice Boltzmann schemes with an additional projection step. For the explicit example of the D2Q9 scheme, we define this extended method. We prove that in general the projection step does not change the asymptotic partial differential equations at the second order. We present four numerical test c...

In this paper, we study an optimal control problem for a viscous Cahn--Hilliard system with zero Neumann boundary conditions in which a hyperbolic relaxation term involving the second time derivative of the chemical potential has been added to the first equation of the system. For the initial-boundary value problem of this system, results concernin...

Robotic stapled cardioplasty offers a novel, minimally invasive alternative for treating end-stage achalasia, a rare esophageal motor disorder. Achalasia is characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax and reduced peristalsis, with about 5% of patients progressing to a stage where esophagectomy is often the only treatme...

Twisted layered van-der-Waals materials often exhibit unique electronic and optical properties absent in their non-twisted counterparts. Unfortunately, predicting such properties is hindered by the difficulty in determining the atomic structure in materials displaying large moir\'e domains. Here, we introduce a split machine-learned interatomic pot...

We investigate the solutions of the relaxed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model (RxMHD) of R. Dewar and Z. Qu [J. Plasma Phys. 88, 835880101 (2022)]. This model generalizes Taylor relaxation by including the ideal Ohm's law constraint using an augmented Lagrangian method, providing a pathway to extend the multi-region relaxed MHD (MRxMHD) model. We pre...

Integrated phenotypes consist of multiple traits with enough coordination within and across organs to result in viable individuals, which not only respond to the surrounding environment but also modify it in myriad ways. It is the individual organisms that are the target of ecological sorting and evolutionary selection and the ones that affect othe...

In this research, we examine the electronic, magnetic, and lattice properties of the Fe$_4$(P$_2$O$_7$)$_3$ compound using the first principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The crystal lattice has a monoclinic structure, belonging to the P$2_1/n$ space group. The optimized lattice parameters are a=7.406 \AA, b=21.425 \AA, c=...

Pansharpening, a pivotal task in remote sensing for fusing high-resolution panchromatic and multispectral imagery, has garnered significant research interest. Recent advancements employing diffusion models based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance. However, the inherent multi-step sampling proc...

Multiple sequential observers, each independently obtaining preparation contextual outcome statistics through measurements on an ensemble, share the preparation contextuality (PC) enabled by the ensemble. We present a circuit model for high-dimensional weak measurements to explore PC sharing in high-dimensional systems using weak measurements with...

Regularization using the L0 pseudo-norm is a common approach to promote sparsity, with widespread applications in machine learning and signal processing. However, solving such problems is known to be NP-hard. Recently, the L0 Bregman relaxation (B-rex) has been introduced as a continuous, non-convex approximation of the L0 pseudo-norm. Replacing th...

Please cite this article as: M.M. Ismail, H.A. Abo-Mosallam, A.G. Darwish, Synthesis, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties of BaO-CdO-PbO-CeO 2-B 2 O 3 Glass System through Sm 2 O 3 Doping for Advanced Dielectric Applications, Ceramics International, https://doi. Abstract The fundamental goal of this work is to understand the impact of doping Sm2O...

High stress relaxation (SR) stability enables low-silver Sn−1.5Ag-0.5Cu (SAC155) to serve well as a Pb-free alloy for microelectronic industry. From the viewpoint of simultaneous regulation of microstructure and precipitates, micro-alloyed with In, Bi, and Te was proposed to improve the SR resistance and thermal behavior of SAC155 alloy in this wor...

Anionic redox reaction (ARR) can provide extra capacity beyond transition metal (TM) redox in lithium‐rich TM oxide cathodes. Practical ARR application is much hindered by the structure instability, particularly at the surface. Oxygen release has been widely accepted as the ringleader of surficial structure instability. However, the role of TM in s...

Quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) has long been recognized as a computationally challenging problem, particularly in large-scale or high-dimensional settings where solving it directly becomes intractable. The complexity further escalates when a sparsity constraint is involved, giving rise to the problem of sparse QCQP (SQCQP),...

We continue our study of the Gribov copies effrcts in the Maximal Abelian gauge in lattice $SU(3)$ gluodynamics. Our computations were completed for four values of the lattice spacing with physical lattice size $L \approx 2$ fm. It is demonstrated that when one uses the effective simulated annealing algorithm to fix the gauge the obtained Gribov co...

We found that children in elementary school often experience stress during task performance. Limited coping skills and lack of stress awareness restrict children's ability to manage their stress. Many designs and studies have proposed different stress detection and intervention solutions. Still, they often overlook the potential of enhancing everyd...

Well‐designed nanomaterials with favorable photothermal performance are beneficial for exploring fascinating and prospective applications. Herein the facile and effective way is reported to enhance photothermal properties of gold nanorods (GNRs) through immobilizing tailored organic dyes around GNRs. Benefitting from the combination of plasmonic th...

As power systems rapidly grow in scale and complexity, existing data‐driven methods are limited when applied to large‐scale networks due to issues with low prediction accuracy and constraint violations. This paper proposes an innovative hybrid framework, GAT‐OPF, which, for the first time, combines graph attention networks (GAT) with deep neural ne...

The thermal relaxation time of neutron stars, typically defined by a sudden drop in surface temperature, is usually on the order of 10 to 100 years. In this study, we investigate neutron star thermal relaxation by incorporating nucleon superfluidity and non-nucleonic particles, specifically considering hyperons as a representative case. We find tha...

We consider tidal masses and ages of Milky Way open clusters, as well as a simple model of their distribution. Our aim is to investigate the space of model parameters and the correspondence between modelled and observed two-dimensional cluster age-mass distributions. The model for cluster evolution is comprised of a two-section cluster initial mass...

In the fabrication of superconducting devices, both in situ and ex situ processes are utilized, making the removal of unwanted oxide layers and impurities under vacuum conditions crucial. Oxygen descumming and argon milling are standard in situ cleaning methods employed for device preparation. We investigated the impact of these techniques on tanta...

In this paper, we consider the swelling porous elasticity soils with finite memory and nonlinear Kelvin–Voigt damping and study the effect of these two types of damping on the asymptotic stability of the energy function. First, we show that the system is globally well posed by implementing the Faedo–Galerkin method. Then, using very broader assumpt...

Transient absorption (TA) is the most widespread method to follow ultrafast dynamics in molecules and materials. The related method of TA anisotropy (TAA) reports on the ultrafast reorientation dynamics of transition dipole moments, reporting on phenomena ranging from electronic dephasing to orientational diffusion. While these are fundamental aspe...

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) trigger intense precipitation and strong winds along the western coasts of mid‐latitude continents. While the terrestrial impacts of ARs have been extensively studied, their influence on the ocean environment remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate several ARs affecting the Ekman dynamics along the coastal ocean off...

We present RWKV-7 "Goose", a new sequence modeling architecture, along with pre-trained language models that establish a new state-of-the-art in downstream performance at the 3 billion parameter scale on multilingual tasks, and match current SoTA English language performance despite being trained on dramatically fewer tokens than other top 3B model...

The five crystal structures of selected UNi$_{x}$Sb$_2$ compositions are investigated by density functional theory supercell calculations. The considered phases are USb$_2$, UNi$_{0.33}$Sb$_2$, UNi$_{0.5}$Sb$_2$, UNi$_{0.66}$Sb$_2$, and UNiSb$_2$ ($x$ = 0, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1). The occupation deficiency of Ni is modeled by removing the Ni layers from...

Extensive research has confirmed the positive relationship between exposure to natural environments and human cognitive, behavioral, physical, and mental health. However, only some have easy access to nature. With electronic information and simulation technology advancements, digital nature experiences are widely used across various devices and sce...

In this paper we explore several novel notions of exact controllability for mean-field linear controlled stochastic differential equations (SDEs). A key feature of our study is that the noise coefficient is not required to be of full rank. We begin by demonstrating that classical exact controllability with $\mathbb{L}^2$-controls necessarily requir...

Abstract Achieving a healthier life requires a balanced approach that incorporates proper nutrition, regular movement, sufficient rest, and effective stress control. Nutrition serves as the foundation, providing essential nutrients that support bodily functions and overall well-being. Movement, through exercise and daily physical activity, enhance...

Capillary thinning of polymeric fluids is central to biological and industrial processes, yet the mechanisms governing thinning dynamics remain unresolved, especially for semi-flexible polymers. Using ideal solutions of semi-flexible DNA, we validate a predictive model for exponential capillary thinning that accounts for each polymer in the molecul...

Taking advantage of time-dependent rotations of electronic orbitals, we introduce a numerically exact real-time evolution scheme for quantum impurities in a macroscopic bath, revealing that almost all rotated orbitals can be made inactive (in a trivial product state). Following a quench, we show that both the number of active orbitals and their ass...

Sorting and permutation learning are key concepts in optimization and machine learning, especially when organizing high-dimensional data into meaningful spatial layouts. The Gumbel-Sinkhorn method, while effective, requires N*N parameters to determine a full permutation matrix, making it computationally expensive for large datasets. Low-rank matrix...

In this work, a scalable algorithm for the approximate quantum state preparation problem is proposed, facing a challenge of fundamental importance in many topic areas of quantum computing. The algorithm uses a variational quantum circuit based on the Standard Recursive Block Basis (SRBB), a hierarchical construction for the matrix algebra of the $S...

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of superconducting quantum circuits, particularly in improving the complexity of quantum processors for large-scale quantum computing and quantum simulation tasks. To enable the execution of quantum information processing tasks on large-scale quantum circuits containing millions of qu...

Purpose To identify the predominant source of the T1$$ {T}_1 $$ variability described in the literature, which ranges from 0.6–1.1 s for brain white matter at 3 T. Methods 25 T1$$ {T}_1 $$‐mapping methods from the literature were simulated with a mono‐exponential and various magnetization‐transfer (MT) models, each followed by mono‐exponential fit...

Abstract: Achieving a healthier lifestyle requires a balanced approach that incorporates proper nutrition, regular movement, sufficient rest, and effective stress management. Nutrition provides essential nutrients that fuel the body and support overall well-being. Physical activity enhances cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and improves...

Abstract: Embracing a healthier lifestyle requires a holistic approach that balances nutrition, movement, rest, and stress control. Proper nutrition provides essential nutrients that support overall health, energy levels, and disease prevention. Regular movement, including exercise and daily physical activity, strengthens the body, enhances cardio...

This paper proposes an investment efficiency-oriented strategy for power grid infrastructure planning with high penetration of renewable energy sources. First, a multi-objective investment portfolio optimization model based on data envelopment analysis is proposed to improve the cost efficiency of power grid infrastructure planning. Then, an evolut...

As the core element of soccer training, the reasonable regulation of sports load has an important impact on the training effect and game performance of athletes. In the article, Player Load, TRIMP, maximal oxygen uptake, average heart rate, and exercise intensity were selected as the measurement indexes for the calculation of college soccer trainin...

When the lower-level optimal solution set-valued mapping of a bilevel optimization problem is not single-valued, we are faced with an ill-posed problem, which gives rise to the optimistic and pessimistic bilevel optimization problems, as tractable algorithmic frameworks. However, solving the pessimistic bilevel optimization problem is far more chal...

The paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies of the interaction of a nanosecond combined volume discharge and diffracted shock waves in air at Mach numbers ranging from 2.20 to 4.40. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the discharge were determined by analyzing the current waveforms, photographing the discharge glow,...

The transition from passive to active distribution networks (DNs) has heightened the challenge of managing the intermittent and unpredictable nature of distributed generators (DGs). Optimal power flow (OPF) is a crucial tool in addressing this challenge, primarily aimed at minimizing active power loss. Traditional methods often simplify the problem...

We present the results of muon-spin relaxation ( μ + SR ) measurements of the van der Waals magnet NiI 2 , which probe magnetic phase transitions at T N 1 = 73 K and T N 2 = 62 K . Supporting density functional theory (DFT) calculations allow the determination of a single muon stopping site whose magnetic environment is consistent with the proposed...

Purpose Introduce a unified acquisition and modeling strategy to simultaneously quantify magnetization transfer (MT), tissue susceptibility (χ$$ \chi $$) and T2*$$ {T}_2^{\ast } $$. Theory and Methods Magnetization transfer is induced through the application of off‐resonance irradiation between excitation and acquisition of an RF‐spoiled gradient‐...

The flow of dilute aqueous polyacrylamide PAAm solutions with varying polymer molecular weight was studied in turbulent pipe flow. Scans in Reynolds number Re were performed in Newtonian turbulent flow [pre drag reduction (DR) onset] and intermediate DR flow. Polymer degradation shifted the onset of DR to higher Re. Polymer relaxation times derived...

Due to the rapid growth of terminal devices in wireless cellular networks, the backhaul network congestion problem is very serious. Effective content storage strategies can reduce backhaul network congestion and improve the quality of service provided to mobile users. However, the content storage strategy largely depends on the proper resource allo...

Abstract: Achieving optimal health requires a balanced approach that incorporates nutrition, exercise, rest, and stress control. Proper nutrition fuels the body, supports immune function, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. Regular exercise enhances cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and improves mental well-being. Adequate rest, in...

Exploiting the first measurements of the same ion species in O+O collisons at RHIC and LHC, we propose an experimentally accessible observable to distinguish whether collective behaviour builds up through a hydrodynamic expansion of a strongly interacting QGP or through few rescatterings in a non-equilibrated dilute medium. Our procedure allows to...

A theoretical model is proposed to study fluid dynamics in microchannels under pulsatile external forcing. This model incorporates the fluid/wall interaction considering that a rough interface consists of an array of parallel nanometric channels coupled with the bulk flow generated in the main microfluidic channel. Consequently, a theoretical techn...

We consider spaces of smooth functions obtained by relaxing Gevrey-type regularity and decay conditions. It is shown that these classes fit well within the general framework of the weighted matrices approach to ultradifferentiable functions. We examine equivalent ways of introducing Gelfand-Shilov spaces related to the extended Gevrey regularity an...

Feature selection in deep learning remains a critical challenge, particularly for high-dimensional tabular data where interpretability and computational efficiency are paramount. We present GFSNetwork, a novel neural architecture that performs differentiable feature selection through temperature-controlled Gumbel-Sigmoid sampling. Unlike traditiona...

Here, we show mechanistic analyses of solid-state temperature-dependent luminescence of C,C′-diaryl-o-carborane derivatives. Solid-state stimuli-responsiveness is a promising property to visualize environmental changes on the molecular scale. Thus, mechanistic study of responsiveness is meaningful for broadening the scope of materials. We previousl...

Motivated by recent studies of the cluster Mott insulator candidate compound Nb3Cl8, this study performs 93Nb and 35Cl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements to investigate the electron correlations. Below the structural transition temperature Ts ~ 97 K, all satellites of the 93Nb NMR spectra split into three distinct peaks, which suggests s...

In order to fi nd a way to support international students in dealing with their anxieties and concerns in the COVID-19 pandemic's aftermath, a project called "Networking Sessions as a Space for Relaxed Talk" was implemented This project was led by international students, aiming to create opportunities for themselves, the faculty, and staff to inter...

The optical control of dielectric properties is a topic of concern, as it involves the development of new non-contact optoelectronic devices. The bandgap of dielectric materials is generally large, and only high-energy ultraviolet light can modulate the dielectric properties of these materials. Here, we present the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation in poly...

The affinity of partially hydrophobic silica nanoparticles for organic solvents (ethanol and hexane) was characterized using changes in relaxation time obtained from time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). Different chain lengths (C3, C6, and C12) were used as surface modifiers for the particles, with the modification ratio controlled. For...

Numerical methods for contact mechanics are of great importance in engineering applications, enabling the prediction and analysis of complex surface interactions under various conditions. In this work, we propose an energy-based physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework for solving frictionless contact problems under large deformation. Inspi...

Compression on the median nerve can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and median nerve indicators measured from ultrasound images can be used for CTS diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between grip force modulation and dynamic morphological changes of the median nerve. We used a digital grip dynamometer to meas...

This paper introduces SagaLLM, a structured multi-agent architecture designed specifically to address four fundamental limitations of current LLM-based approaches: inadequate self-validation, context narrowing, absence of robust transaction-like guarantees, and insufficient inter-agent coordination. Unlike traditional MAS, current LLM approaches of...

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of the Fisher information and sensitivity of a Rydberg-atom-based microwave-field electrometer within the framework of slope detection. Instead of focusing on the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectrum of the probe laser, we shift the analytical focus...

In this paper, the wave propagation and reflection are studied in nonlocal solid under the impact of Moore Gibson–Thompson model. The governing equations are Helmholtzed and converted into the homogeneous algebraic system of equations. The algebraic equations have non-trivial solutions that can provide the dispersion relation associated with propag...

Euclidean wormholes have played a key role in the recent ``disorder averaged" approaches to quantum gravity and holography, but are typically only considered in somewhat special theories of gravity, such as theories in low dimensions or theories with exotic matter content (such as axions). These exotic theories have advantage that both the matter a...

The photostriction effect, a light-induced mechanical deformation in materials, originates from the intricate interplay between lattice structure and electronic excitation. In photovoltaic semiconductors, this effect plays a crucial role in shaping non-equilibrium structural responses, yet its fundamental mechanism remains elusive. Here, we uncover...

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is a crucial cryptanalytical method for symmetric ciphers. Given an impossible differential, the key recovery attack typically proceeds in two steps: generating pairs of data and then identifying wrong keys using the guess-and-filtering method. At CRYPTO 2023, Boura et al. first proposed a new key recovery tech...

As the typical representative of ternary transition metal chalcogenides, CrPS4 and MnPS3 exhibit unique light–matter interactions, demonstrating great potential in photonic devices. In this work, we systematically studied the nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of CrPS4 and MnPS3 flakes by the I-scan technique. CrPS4 and MnPS3 flakes show saturable a...

Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) allows for direct characterization of magneto-physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), which are widely researched as imaging tracers, biosensing units and therapeutic heating agents. All these applications rely primarily on the core size-dependent magnetic particle relaxation dynamics. Therefore, kn...

This study presents a comprehensive experimental protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of a polymer processing aid (PPA) in eliminating melt fracture of a metallocene linear low-density polyethylene using both capillary rheometry and single-screw extrusion. The prime effects addressed are those of the die length-to-diameter ratio (L/D), the concen...

As a mesh-free method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has been widely used for modeling and simulating fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. While the kernel gradient correction (KGC) method is commonly applied in structural domains to enhance numerical consistency, high-order consistency corrections that preserve conservation remain u...