Reinforcement (Psychology) - Science topic

thank you for your help

Jerry Waese thanks a lot for your nice software and the image. I will try to play with it and understand what is what.

If you want to go by simple terms then if you know the total amount of material you need like if you want to make 10gm of composite material then PP would be 7gm, fibers will be 1gm and clay will be 2gm.

What is the method you are adopting for the composite preparation? Hopefully, then it will be more clear.

Harold Berjamin "The effect of applied stress on the phase and group velocity of guided waves in anisotropic plates". It was in this paper that I discovered the third-order elastic constant of T300/5208. In fact, I need the third order elastic constants in order to build the stress measurement model based on the Lamb wave acoustoelastic effect. Because the acoustoelastic effect of Lamb wave has the dispersive and multi-modal characteristics, it is necessary to select the optimized mode-frequency combination to achieve a better measurement effect. Moreover, the consistency between experimental and theoretical analysis results can better illustrate the accuracy of the measurement method.

What would be the scenario if there are multiple openings having limited space to provide diagonal reinforcement

Hi Murk, you can see my attachment as a reference about using fiber in woven fabric for concrete.

Yes. You may check this using the option Design - selecting IS Code 456:2000-View all members passed

The addition of silicon carbide (SiC) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as reinforcements in aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) can provide several benefits, including:

Overall, the addition of SiC and Al2O3 as reinforcements in aluminum MMCs can significantly improve the material's mechanical, thermal, and corrosion properties, making it more suitable for a wide range of applications.

There is absolutely no need to "mention reinforcement details for all members of a building structure in figures for research papers". Research paper is not an album of the design drawings. In research paper you must draw attention of the readers on the main scientific an engineering findings of your work and in this case you must show the achievements you have reached based on the designed by you building.

Best regards,

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Good day, Gagan Bansal! Hope you are doing well.

I suppose you should follow the next methodology:

Best of luck in your research!

Yours sincerely,

M. Sc. Vadym Chibrikov

Department of Microstructure and Mechanics of Biomaterials

Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences

It sound like you might be interested in what is known as a sequential explanatory design, QUAN --> Qual, where the goal of the qualitative study is to help you understand the results of the quantitative study.

Creswell and Plano-Clark's textbook on Mixed Methods is a good introduction to this and other mixed methods research designs.

Good day, Gagan Bansal!

As far as I can understand, the most cited researches at that field declare casting method to be the mainstream one. Here is the basic procedure:

"500 mg chitosan powders was dissolved in 25 mL 2% (v/v) acetic acid aqueous solution upon stirring at 200rpm for 3 h. After that, the chitosan suspension was poured into a plastic dish that was placed in a fume hood at room temperature to evaporate water and acetic acid. The as-prepared composite film was dried under vacuum at 40°C until their weight was equilibrated." Apart from methodology, given here, I suppose prolonged stirring to positively affect composite structure (homogeneity).

Procedure cited from:

Best of luck in your research!

Yours sincerely,

M. Sc. Vadym Chibrikov

Department of Microstructure and Mechanics of Biomaterials

Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences

In Sweden teachers are not allowed to use any punishments anymore which makes the whole system rather caothic. Corporal punishment was prohibited in gymnasiums (elite secondary schools) in 1918, in state-run secondary schools in 1928, and in all schools, including elementary schools, in 1958. Article 13 of the Act Prohibiting Discrimination and Other Degrading Treatment of Children and School Students 2006 protects students from all degrading treatment by staff members and management. The Education Act 2010  makes no provision for corporal punishment in Chapter 5 (safety and discipline), and Chapter 6 protects children in school from degrading, abusive and offensive treatment by staff.

Yes, teacher's age, experience and good knowledge help to create a good atmosphere and instigate a will to learn. There is though ciltural differences between countries.

Good day! As far as I can understand, high concentrations of air borne dust may cause unpleasant deposition of dust in ears, eyes and upper respiratory tract and may also reduce visibility in the workplace. Thus, production problems are kind the same of as for the asbestos, and risks are possibly higher that the profits

Dear Achukwu,

I have mentioned all the ASTM standard about XRD analysis.

For a beam with hole, the second moment of area will be lower, so more stresses will be generated at a given force. Which explains the reduction in ultimate force for 20 and 50 mm dia.

However, if you increase the dia beyond a certain point, you will approach towards a thin-walled section, in whichs shear stresses become important, and may give certain anomalous observations. Do you observe any section distortion or twisting in 90 mm case?

Dear Maham Khan, though they have different mechanisms of plasticization (internal and external), it is the size of the molecules that make the difference. Glycerol reduces interchains cohesion with a slight increase in free volume, on the other hand much free volume is introduced with PEG plasticizer, this extra free volume enhanced solubilization as diffusion bocomes easier and faster. My Regards

I would highly recommend importing AutoCAD geometry for spiral

It can be done quickly (maybe this answer could help future users)

Lahlou Dahmani thanks professor,

how can you check the stress in reinforced steel?

how can i make sure that the steel yielded before concrete crushes?

Dear Zihao Shen, most two studied strategies are based on the use of silane coupling agents (silanization) and maleic anhydride attaching to PP fiber surface. Please have a look at the following documents. My Regards

Steven Prevette that makes two of us. many thanks again for your comment. i have done a similar analysis and will post my result here once done.

Perhaps I can help you. Write more specifically what you need here:

Both waste are differ, Agricultural waste refers to the waste produced in agricultural production, mainly including crop straw and livestock manure. Agricultural waste generation is increasing year by year worldwide due to the increasing population. Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields.

While the The utilization of agro‑residues ash as complementary reinforcing materials continues to gain prominence for metal matrix composite (MMCs) development, . However, for the reinforced composites, major phases identified are Al, Fe3Si, SiC, MgO, and SiO2. the particulates reinforcements (SiC and PKSA) were uniformly dispersed in the matrix. The percentage porosity for the composites ranged from 2.06 to 2.39%. In addition, hardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the composites are about 10.3%, 18.5% and 10.4%, respectively better than for Al 6063. However, the percent elongation and fracture toughness are lower for the hybrid composites than for Al 6063 and SiC reinforced composite with values decreasing with increase in ash content. Hence, the MMCs produced will be applicable for lightweight engineering applications. T he utilization of single or hybrid ceramic reinforcements in AMCS has been the focus of some studies. For the suitability of usage of AMC produced using Al matrix and SiC as reinforcement, the mechanical properties of AMCs produced through stir casting technique using Al-18wt%Si as matrix and SiC as reinforcement. The hardness and tensile strength of the AMC produced were better compared to the unreinforced Al-alloy, though it was the opposite for the toughness of the samples. Hybrid ceramic reinforcements (SiC and B4C) and AA6082-T6 alloy were used for the development of AMCs .Conventional stir casting method is used with varying weight percentages of reinforcement between 5 and 20 wt.% for the production. It was reported that increase in the reinforcement led to an increase in the hardness and tensile strength with decreasing percentage elongation. The mechanical properties of the hybrid AMCs in the study is better compared with the unreinforced alloy.

Dear Dr. Raheem

Specimen slippage from the grip faces may occur not only due the material characteristics of samples, but also due to several reasons associated with the grips selected:

i think ASTM D3039 tensile testing is used to measure the force required to break a polymer composite specimen.

Dear Monishita Deb, not only fiber content but there are other additional deciding parameters, such as the fibers' dimensions and orientation, tight interface and so on. When the elastic modulus increases, it means that the matrix is becoming progressively resisting deformation, and this in turn means that the major stress input is well supported and transmitted by the reinforcing fibers. Please have a look at the following documents. My Regards

Dear Hussein Dhabaan, these are determined via model statistical estimation equations for each material. Books on composites contain such equations. Please have a look at the following free access document. My Regards

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84986

@Panagiotis Michael Mougoyannis absence of semicircle doesnt mean absence of Charge transfer resistance. Generally you will get absence of semicircle in the case of non -uniform distribution of current at electrode surface or minimal distribution of charge storage and Ohmic contact of the metal/fil/solution interfaces. if you can observe the above figure, in the case of presence of coating it is showing half semi circle (0-1 M ohm), which indicates the presence of charge transfer resistance.

For others who may stumble across this thread... You may not know that the shape of these towers has nothing to do with CFD or thermal performance. It's to achieve the least materials or lowest construction cost. The steel sustains the loads. The cement is just thick enough to position and protect the steel. The highest wind gust recorded at Watts Bar Nuclear Plant is about 86 mph and the towers didn't fall down so the design is adequate for lateral wind loads. Why natural draft cooling towers are sometimes chosen over mechanical draft is weighing the operating and maintenance costs. Just to give you a sense of proportion and scale, the cooling tower fans at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant require the entire power output of Norris Dam. Even Hoover Dam is small when compared to the demand for power. Nuclear and supercritical coal-fired power plants are the big players in this game.

For Plaxis, when modeling geosynthetic-reinforced foundations, you need to increase the phi by 5 degrees with respect to your unreinforced phi value (Wu et al., 2006, FWHA report). Then adjust your E values accordingly if you are using hardening soil model using Schanz et al. 1999 manual on HSM.

guess same way as for other polymers - therefore to understand, study the related literature!

Can tryptose be substituted with tryptone

Thank you Mr. Hamed Hasani.

I think that...

Dear Jeremy Lilin, please have a look at the following documents. My Regards

Thank you very much...

It all depends on what you are looking for, since the penetration depth as well as resolutions for the optical microscopy and SEM are very different and depending on the electronic properties of materials those may vary from sample to sample. The resolution of optical microscopy is limited to the lower wavelengths of visible light, while that for SEM depends on the voltage applied, which can be translated as electron wavelengths. Moreover, in SEM you may be dealing with either backscattered electrons or secondary electrons, each of which gives you different depth profiles. However, overall you can achieve much greater resolutions with SEM as compared with optical microscopy.

Dear Gagan,

Its depend on type of reinforcements and end use etc.

for e.g. Injection molding:fiber breakage but In compression molding long fiber based PEEK composite superior.

For short fiber Injection molding technique is leading.

For Nano composite compression molding is good as nano filler is costly and injection molding required threshold amount to fabricate.

S . Sathishkumar

Please refer this article. I hope it will be useful

thanks a lot Prof. Hatsuo Ishida

Dear all, please have a look at the following special issue. My Regards

Please refer to this article, you will get some idea.

Dear Dr. Isaac Dinaharan ,

Once again thank you for the insightful research thoughts.

You have cleared my concept very well.

Kind Regards,

Roshan

Dear Uttam Acharya,

The reduction in microhardness values in the center of your sample may be explained by the dilution of the reinforcing particles at the center of nugget, which would lead to the formation of transition zones between a hard matrix and a soft matrix zone (giving rise to a lower hardness). I suggest doing a quantitative analysis of Sic's reinforcing particles in this area and comparing it with the surface of your samples where you found a large fluctuation in the microhardness data.

Best kinds

IDIR

I second the answer of Ashish Sachdeva

Tensile strength of concrete can be improved by adding steel and fiber. this will increase the cost also, so as a civil engineer we have to find optimal point for tensile strength against the cost. Despite the increase in tensile strength, but it remains less than compressive strength of the concrete. Remember that we can increase the compressive strength, since the tensile strength has relation with compressive strength so this will increase the tensile strength. Also, the use of propylene fibers and microsilica fume (gel) increases the tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete.

you can take a look at this youtube video, it explains how to model the geocell in plaxis 3D.

Now it is clear. Please check the following documents. My Regards

10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.07.024

Yes, but there is no yield strength on the curve so it can't be called ductile?

Refer the below links:

Gokhan Altintas but i only want the rebars to carry normal stress. I am wondering why it only show stresses for S11, shouldn’t it show s11 for rebars in x-direction and s33 for rebars in z-direction?

but as shown in the picture, s11 shows the stresses for x- and z- rebars, while s33 shwos no stresses at all. why is that? Do I misunderstand the meaning of s11 and s33? i hope you get my point.

I think you need to incorporate interface/structural interface between soil and geogrid top and then between geogrid bottom and below soil. You will need to define shear parameters for these interfaces. This will be there for each geogrid-soil interface.

Normal concretes say M20 to M 35 will easily withstand 3000C. Proper care should be required at the time of casting and curing.

Thanks Dr. Naveen Kumar for your advise.

But as far as i know from the literature:

%Vol=((Total vol occupied by holes)/(Vol of FSP region))*100

The main issue is of length which is to be considered under vol of FSP region.

What length do you suggest?

Check out the following article, it might be useful for you:

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Hi,

I think you already did, but please go for support@dianafea.com. They have a tutorial explanation in this topic.

Best Regard Ab

Thank you for the information

@Raghavendra Darji

Hi,

Congratulations, It's a good idea for increasing the flexural capacity of RC beams.

"The efficacy of hybrid near-surface embedded/externally bonded (NSE/EB) fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) for flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams was assessed experimentally"

Good luck

Milad

Hi Sir,

One of the important issues for the implementation of FRP reinforcements is to check the bond strength of longitudinal rebars with concrete. I suggest you read the following article for more information if you have any questions you can ask.

Good luck

Milad

Naveen Kumar

Thanks, Ok we can only repeat the same process to get the same sample material. And What about element mapping? What topography (conditions, parameters, or scale adjustment) is required to make the highest possibility to achieve the elements present in the sample? Because sometimes they (company by we scan sample) ask about these things. Like I receive a message from the "Hello, do you have any requirements for the topography, that is, for the topography that has been tested, you can choose one as a reference for testing"

Dear Christi Singaram I recommend you to study the review articles related to FRP. Generally, in review papers we can easily find the comparison between different studies published so far.

I hope it will helps you.

As for the first part, this article may be useful

It is seen in PMCs, that with the increase in reinforcement, ie with an increase in volume fraction of the reinforcement, the mechanical properties will increase. But after a certain value it will start to decrease owing to the fact that the matrix will not be sufficient to bind the reinforcement together, resulting in the deterioration of mechanical properties.

Santoshi Mohanta I Guess you came across a similar observation for PMCs.

Dear all, many investigations are available on the use of conventional silane coupling agents. My Regards

I think this article will help you

Genikomsou, Aikaterini S. and Polak, Maria Anna (2015) Finite element analysis of punching shear of concrete slabs using damaged plasticity model in ABAQUS, Engineering Structures, Vol. 98

Regards

Dear Noor Rehman

The following articles might help you:

You can find here:

Effect of hot water on the mechanical performance of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced nylon 6 composites

Using the steel-FRP composite bars？ or hybird with stainless steel bars？ or using shape memory bars？ or using ECC？ or confined the bottom of the column with FRP