Regulations - Science topic

The activity of phytochromes is controlled by light in the red/far-red spectral range, and they accumulate in the nucleus in the active state and control the expression of genes involved in seed germination, growth, flowering and other responses by regulating the activity of a number of transcription factors. The recent finding that photobodies, su...

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes of the body and deficiency of thyroid hormones severely impacts all these processes. Although hypothyroidism is common in India, there is still a lack of sufficient data on its prevalence in rural areas of the country. It is more common in women. To find out the prev...

Environmental regulations necessitate the development of low-GWP refrigerants to replace traditional HFCs like R134a. This study examines the flow boiling performance of R513A and R1234ze(E) as potential alternatives. Experiments were conducted in smooth and microfin tubes with an inner diameter of 4.3 mm and a length of 400 mm under varying condit...

The paper explores the extent to which firm-level characteristics, governance attributes, and country-level characteristics predict the financial constraints of non-financial listed firms in stock markets for countries in the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC). The study employs widely used explanatory indicators in the less studied context of GCC to c...

The laboratory supports students’ education and provides space for practice and research. One of the laboratories is the Central Laboratory Building of Universitas Andalas, located in Padang City, which has building expansion joints. Since Padang City is an earthquake-prone area, the planning of laboratory buildings must consider earthquake safety....

Background The golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is an economically significant warm-water aquaculture species in China. The time required for sexual maturity of T. ovatus is relatively long. Consequently, it has prompted researchers to investigate gonadal development process of this fish. To gain further insight into the function of competing en...

The demand for innovative and visually appealing building designs according to specific desires or needs has led to many structures being built with irregularities. High-rise buildings with structural irregularities are at a higher risk of collapse during an earthquake if they are not designed and constructed properly according to existing regulati...

The drilling industry faces ongoing challenges in managing risks and minimizing environmental impact, particularly as operations become more complex and occur in increasingly sensitive environments. This article explores how the integration of real-time fluid analytics and predictive technology can significantly enhance safety and reduce the enviro...

This research explores the human side of financial fraud by investigating the motivations and behaviors of financial fraudsters. Understanding the psychological, social, and economic factors driving fraudulent activities is crucial for developing effective prevention and detection strategies. Through a multidisciplinary approach, combining criminol...

Background Huanglian-ejiao decoction (HED) is a Chinese traditional medicinal formula evolved from the Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile Diseases). However, HED ultimate mechanism of action remained indistinct. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether HED could exert anti-inflammatory effects on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-i...

Are Medical Devices Truly Reliable in Real-World Conditions? Most people assume medical devices are built to work flawlessly in any environment. However, did you know that current regulations prioritize safety over reliability when it comes to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)? This gap in standards can leave devices vulnerable to malfunctions un...

Mutations or homozygous deletions of MHC class II (MHC-II) genes are commonly found in B cell lymphomas that develop in immune-privileged sites and have been associated with patient survival. However, the mechanisms regulating MHC-II expression, particularly through genetic and epigenetic factors, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we ide...

The metaverse, a network of immersive, interconnected virtual worlds, has rapidly emerged as a transformative digital frontier. As it integrates into various aspects of human life-social interaction, commerce, education, and entertainment-it also presents novel legal and regulatory challenges. This research explores the key legal concerns associate...

We are interested in automating reasoning with and about study regulations, catering to various stakeholders, ranging from administrators, over faculty, to students at different stages. Our work builds on an extensive analysis of various study programs at the University of Potsdam. The conceptualization of the underlying principles provides us with...

The article discusses the requirements and pedagogical conditions for the formation of reading competence, motivation for the art of the work, awakening, development of reading interest of primary school students. In particular, it takes into account the fact that children will have different interests, different requirements; motivate children's i...

Unmanned aircraft, commonly referred to as drones, represent a valuable alternative for various operational tasks due to their versatility, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and reusability. These features make them particularly advantageous in environments that are hazardous or inaccessible to humans. Recent developments have highlighted a signific...

Effectively regulating the rotary motions of molecular rotors through external stimuli poses a tremendous challenge. Herein, a new type of molecular rotor based on azobenzene-strapped mixed (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) rare earth triple-decker complex Azo-1 is reported. Electronic absorption and 1H NMR spectra manifested the reversible isomeriz...

In recent years, the Chinese government has promulgated many policies and regulations regarding education, with an increasing focus on kindergartens. Due to the late start of preschool education in our country, there is a significant gap in development compared to developed countries in the West. Finland is a strong power in Northern Europe, especi...

This study highlights the potential of ChatGPT (specifically GPT-4o) as a competitive alternative for Face Presentation Attack Detection (PAD), outperforming several PAD models, including commercial solutions, in specific scenarios. Our results show that GPT-4o demonstrates high consistency, particularly in few-shot in-context learning, where its p...

The use of the I'DIS Application in the implementation of the Imposition of Disciplinary Punishments for Civil Servants is indicated to be inconsistent between regulations and their implementation. Many Government Agencies in the working area of the Regional Office XI BKN Manado still do not use the I'DIS Application and do not understand the input...

We consider the voter model with binary opinions on a random regular graph with $n$ vertices of degree $d \geq 3$, subject to a rewiring dynamics in which pairs of edges are rewired, i.e., broken into four half-edges and subsequently reconnected at random. A parameter $\nu \in (0,\infty)$ regulates the frequency at which the rewirings take place, i...

This study investigates the relationship between audit committee characteristics and tax aggressiveness in publicly traded companies from 2014 to 2023. The purpose is to explore whether key attributes of audit committees, such as independence, size, meeting frequency, and gender diversity, influence the extent of tax planning activities that deviat...

Companies today have diverse relationship systems. In a legal sense, individual companies exercising influence on each other engage in significant transactions with each other during their operations. Market participants require knowledge of the financial, monetary, and income status of these corporate groups. Therefore, in addition to individual a...

In today's world, using project management approaches in executing projects that take into consideration our environment through sustainability is no longer a trend but now a necessity. “The demand for project sustainability has given rise to a new concept called project sustainability management (PSM). This refers to a complex mix of systems,...

Navigating parking in a new country can be a daunting experience, especially when the rules, regulations, and cultural practices differ from what you might be used to. In Ireland, parking is no exception.Whether you're a visitor or a recent arrival, understanding how to park responsibly and avoid fines or frustration is essential.This guide provide...

The significance of Gender diversity in enhancing quality of reporting has been a focal point of the theoretical and empirical research in recent decades. However, discrepancies persist between empirical findings and theoretical perspectives regarding the role of female representation in improving disclosure quality. This study aims to elucidate th...

Regulating carbon hybridization states lies at the heart of engineering carbon materials with tailored properties but orchestrating the sequential transition across three states has remained elusive. Here, we visiualize stepwise evolution in carbon hybridizations from sp³ to sp² and to sp states via dehydrogenation and elimination reactions of meth...

Every organization must strive to achieve company goals. One aspect that can support progress within a company is employee performance. This finding intends to see how much the contribution of work discipline and cultural organizational culture to employee performance. Distributed questionnaires in this study were distributed to 40 production emplo...

Khazan ecosystems are reclaimed wetlands, salt marshes and mangrove areas, where the construction of embankments and sluice gates regulates tidal influence. They are predominantly rice and fish fields. Khazan engineering system has a very simple architectural design made from locally available low-cost resources, which is self-operating. This book...

Insurance companies often use attractive promises of benefits as a marketing strategy to attract potential customers. However, in some cases, these promises are unrealistic and cannot be fulfilled, which ultimately harms the client. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects that regulate unrealistic insurance promises and their impact on legal p...

Series-connected dc-ac converters commonly appear in medium-voltage grid-connected applications. In this paper, we seek a decentralized control approach that enables series-connected converters to ride through nonideal grid conditions. The proposed method leverages modularity of the series-connected system by operating one module as a current-contr...

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key regulators of cellular homoeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with several human diseases. The ovarian tumour protease (OTU) family of DUBs are biochemically well-characterised and of therapeutic interest, yet only a few tool compounds exist to study their cellular function and therapeutic potent...

The anode sheath of vacuum arc plasma plays a key role in the generation of anode plasma, but the effects of anode evaporation on the anode sheath remains unclear. In this paper, a theoretical model of a collisional sheath for multi-component plasma coupled with anode evaporation is developed, and the spatial evolution of the anode sheath at differ...

On 12 December 2023, the Parliament adopted the proposal on the rules of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and other related laws to promote sustainable financing and unified corporate responsibility (ESG Act). Companies subject to the Act will gradually have to comply with several qualitative and quantitative requirements, which will pose sign...

MoS2 is expected to replace silicon-based field-effect transistors and continue Moore’s law. However, thin-film MoS2 transistors on flexible substrates are prone to nanocracking under bending conditions. Although classical fracture mechanics provides a broad understandings of its crack tip field, how the higher-order T-stress term influences the na...

The objective of the study is to provide evidence on how the EU regulatory environment affects innovation and the uptake of emerging technologies, particularly in the areas outlined on the Strategic Technologies in Europe Platform (STEP) Platform. The specific objectives include: - Identifying regulatory bottlenecks for market uptake of emerging te...

This study aims to explore the longitudinal relationships between neuroticism, social avoidance and distress, and Problematic Internet use (PIU). We utilized scales for these variables to conduct three follow-up surveys over 1 year with 397 college students. The findings reveal that social avoidance and distress mediate the relationship between neu...

Adverse events are one of the important bases for the re-evaluation of the safety and efficacy of medical devices. According to MAUDE, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) adverse event monitoring database, the factory-calibrated, integrated continuous glucose monitoring system (iCGM) received 130088 adverse events reports during the first...

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) serves as a pivotal component of the immune system, playing a crucial role in regulating the innate immune response elicited by both exogenous and endogenous DNA. This enzyme recognizes the aberrant presence of DNA in the cytoplasm, subsequently activating the signaling pathway mediated by the stimulator of interf...

This study explores the genetic regulators of microRNAs (miRNAs) using an ensemble of machine learning models to predict miRNA expression levels from gene expression data. Employing ridge regression, we accurately predicted the expression of 353 human miRNAs (R^2 > 0.5), revealing robust miRNA-gene regulatory relationships. By analyzing the coeffic...

The widespread and rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) into all types of organizational activities necessitates the ethical and responsible deployment of these technologies. Various national and international policies, regulations, and guidelines aim to address this issue, and several organizations have developed frameworks detailing th...

The article discusses the influence of the policy of Central Bank of RA on the control of its government securities markets.It highlights issues which will give opportunity to create an enabling environment for the further develooment of this market.

This study presents a real-time control system designed to minimize flight energy consumption under dynamic wind conditions. A physics-based energy-per-distance (EPD) model was employed to derive an airspeed controller using the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control technique. For a given trip destination and desired ground speed, the syst...

This research discusses the importance of asset recovery in combating illicit enrichment in Indonesia, with a comparison to the United States and South Korea. Where the level of illicit enrichment has become crucial in this country. The study's goal is to examine asset recovery laws and practices and pinpoint ways that Indonesia might improve. The...

This paper studies the bank dynamic decision problem in the intermediate time step for a discrete-time setup. We have considered a three-time-step model. Initially, the banks raise money through debt and equity and invest in different types of loans. It liquidates its assets and raises new funds at the intermediate-time step to meet the short-term...

In today's digital landscape, ransomware attacks have become one of the most significant cybersecurity threats. Securing backup, recovery, and storage systems is paramount to ensuring business continuity. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) has proven to be a key strategy in defending against ransomware attacks by adding an extra layer of security. By...

A syndicated loan is a form of credit extended by more than one Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) to finance the needs of a single debtor. In Batam City, syndicated loans have become a common practice among BPRs to accommodate debtors requiring large-scale financing. The primary objective of syndicated loans is to ensure compliance with the regulations...

Do analysts adjust their recommendations when a company's credit risk changes? Using an extensive sample of 300,145 observations, covering 3,722 US firms from 2000 to 2021, we find that analysts revise their recommendations when a firm's credit risk decreases but not when it increases. This result is consistent with analysts' optimism bias, as prev...

Foundation models require fine-tuning to ensure their generative outputs align with intended results for specific tasks. Automating this fine-tuning process is challenging, as it typically needs human feedback that can be expensive to acquire. We present AutoRefine, a method that leverages reinforcement learning for targeted fine-tuning, utilizing...

Mitochondrial quality control is paramount for cellular development, with mitochondrial electron flow (Mito‐EF) playing a central role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. However, unlike visible protein entities, which can be monitored through chemical biotechnology, regulating mitochondrial quality control by invisible entities such as Mito‐...

This study investigates the extent to which regulatory systems for electronic accounting information systems, with conventional controls, are implemented in banks. The research employs a questionnaire divided into two main sections : the first section focuses on the personal characteristics of the study sample, while the second section is divided i...

Large language models (LLMs) have become the state of the art in natural language processing. The massive adoption of generative LLMs and the capabilities they have shown have prompted public concerns regarding their impact on the labor market, privacy, the use of copyrighted work, and how these models align with human ethics and the rule of law. A...

The acquisition of cellular identity requires large-scale alterations in cellular state. The non-canonical proteasome activator PSME3 is known to regulate diverse cellular processes, but its importance for differentiation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PSME3 binds dynamically to highly active promoters over the course of differentiation...

Objective To summarise current guidelines from professional bodies relevant to urologists on social media, and to discusses a range of risks associated with social media use. These include the risk of a fitness to practise investigation, breaking the law, loss of employment, and personal risk in the form of harassment and doxxing. Methods Review o...

The advent of cryptocurrencies, driven by blockchain technology and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), has triggered a global financial revolution. Bangladesh faces a critical decision amidst a burgeoning market valued at $2 trillion, projected to exceed $5 trillion. Despite global acceptance, Bangladesh maintains strict regulations, deeming cryptocurren...

The metaverse, a network of immersive, interconnected virtual worlds, has rapidly emerged as a transformative digital frontier. As it integrates into various aspects of human life-social interaction, commerce, education, and entertainment-it also presents novel legal and regulatory challenges. This research explores the key legal concerns associate...

The present paper aims to identify the commitment of industrial companies to disclose environmental costs through a case study of the Bahrain Aluminum Company (Alba), explore the relationship between the environmental cost and the efficiency of applying the environment disclosure, and to remove the obstacles preventing its application. The study pr...

This study examines the moderating role of female audit committee chairs on the relationship between audit quality (measured by audit fees) and corporate tax avoidance. The analysis is based on 165 UK firms between 2011 and 2021 using static panel data regression models and Lewbel’s heteroscedastic identification method to check robustness. The fin...

While aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) have shown great promise for large‐scale energy storage, a series of interfacial side reactions derived from the decomposition of active water molecules in the Zn²⁺ solvation structures seriously hinder the practical application of AZMBs. Recently, regulating the solvation structures of Zn²⁺ in electrolyte...

The MiCA Regulation regulates crypto assets which are not financial instruments, providing them with a legal regimen through a specific regulation. The MiCA regulation covers the majority of crypto asset classes currently being traded. Developing a single digital market requires a solid legal base that offers its participants security in developing...

This essay explores the various types of spaces, primarily montane forested areas, where human access was restricted, either conditionally or entirely, during late imperial times. The range of restrictions always included felling trees, but often also encompassed other forms of extraction from local ecosystems. Based on the motivations for setting...

Barrier dams formed by the large-scale debris flow that blocks the river often are subjected to a high risk of break. The catastrophic flood arising from dam break has been confirmed as the most serious hazard-causing body of the debris flow dams. A novel method is proposed in this study to regulate the discharge of the debris flow dam break based...

Articles 86 to 92 of MiCA promote a simplified regime to control unlawful disclosure, insider dealing and possible manipulation or market abuses in issuing and trading crypto assets. The tendency to assimilate the regulation with the regulatory background of the ordinary financial market is hardly avoidable. However, the most coherent option is pro...

Several legislative developments are taking place in Europe that make some regulations converge with others, and one of the most influential is the one that will govern the new digital identity model that arises from the modification of the European Regulation that defines digital identity and electronic trust services. Regulation 910/2014 is calle...

The issue of land and land in Indonesia is never finished to be discussed and discussed, there have been many policy formulations and regulations made so that the complexity of land issues can be reduced. Even the Constitution in this country has mandated that policies related to land issues are essentially managed in such a way by the state in thi...

Background: In recent years, the misuse of antibiotics through unsupervised self-medication has emerged as a significant public health concern in Bangladesh. Self-medication with antibiotics is becoming more common as people are seeking for quick relief for different health issues without consulting a doctor. This growing trend not only show the ri...

This paper highlights issues surrounding the Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) that could hinder the effective and convergent application of the new harmonised framework at the European level. The transition process to MiCA is a complex journey, largely due to the implementation of transitional measures. A significant aspect of this comple...

Hypothyroidism

This paper examines the legal regime applicable to electronic money represented by digital tokens, drawing from the general regime for electronic money established by Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 September 2009 on the taking up, pursuit and prudential supervision of the business of electronic money insti...

The formation of lithium dendrites, driven by the non‐uniform deposition of lithium, remains a critical challenge for the performance and safety of lithium metal batteries. To address this issue, we engineer the surface of copper current collectors by depositing ultra‐thin 2D TiO2 nanosheets with varying thicknesses (0–1200 nm) as a protective laye...

Background and aims Soil aggregate stability is profoundly influenced by elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we evaluate the role of microbial-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) of different origins in mediating soil aggregate stability under N addition. Methods We conducted an N addition exper...

The aim of this study is to explore the spatiotemporal variation and the transfer of ecosystem service value (ESV) in Jiuquan City from 2005 to 2020 to help ecological development. Based on the equivalent factor method and the grid analysis, employed to analyze the spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem service values in Jiuquan City, the fractu...

Gastric precancerous lesions represent a critical transitional stage, marking the final opportunity for intervention before the onset of gastric cancer. Drawing parallels between the toxicity and deficiency theory of Zhuang medicine and the pathogenesis of gastric precancerous lesions, it is postulated that toxicity serves as a pivotal extrinsic fa...

Regulating the proportion of low-order aberrations within total aberrations can effectively alter the tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise in a space gravitational wave telescope. Nevertheless, the low-order aberration ratio is disrupted during the actual manufacturing of the telescope. To address this issue, we analyzed the impacts of wavefront err...