Refugees - Science topic

Co-authored with founding director of Art for Refugees in Transition (ART, USA) and Syrian refugee advocate and activist Wael Habbal, and with a focus on music and dance, this forthcoming chapter examines how forced displacement interplays with matters of cultural sustainability.

Turkey has always been a host for Syrians who had to leave their country due to the political and military unrest ongoing for over a decade. Inevitably, Syrian higher education candidates are to choose either a Turkish or an English medium program. Having a background in English as a global language, most of the candidates prioritize the latter to...

This book intersects marginality, politics, and policies by focusing on the narratives of selective marginalised groups within India. Encouraging inclusive government policies that consider the diverse identities of individuals and groups within India, this book is a systematic documentation of the lived experiences of various marginalised collecti...

Refugee protection is a global humanitarian concern supported by a legal regime and institutions for global coordination and humanitarian responses. However, in Southeast Asia as elsewhere, this ‘system’ has relied primarily on protection through ‘first’ country of asylum and ‘third country’ long-term resettlement, which privileges sovereignty as i...

This chapter shows how traditional Rohingya food practices help the community to (re)imagine their home in Brisbane and symbolize familial and communal bindings. On the one hand, this study explores how Rohingya refugees use food and food culture as a struggle and manifestation of ethnic identity in urban space. On the other hand, it shows a strate...

The Ukrainian refugee crisis, beginning in 2022, revealed challenges for both refugees and organizations in the Swiss asylum process. While refugees are faced with time-consuming and cumbersome administrative tasks, involved authorities and organizations are overwhelmed with slow paper-based processes, redundant work, and wrong data. We propose a d...

Turkey a rising middle power in international politics is known for its assertive behaviour. Having gone through a phase of reformation in their foreign policy structure, Turkey under the Justice and Development Party (AKP), being led by Recep Tayyib Erdogan emerged as a Muslim identity nation with a conservative democracy prevailing ideology. Turk...

Neglected people and beggars are one of the important social welfare problems (PMKS) that need to be addressed because the number of abandoned people and homeless beggars in Tangerang City is quite large and continues to increase and really needs support and assistance from the government. The Tangerang City Social Service plays a role in meeting n...

This final chapter assesses the future of nonreligious claims, highlighting the role of NGOs in raising awareness and supporting nonreligious claimants. It discusses recent policy developments and questions the precedent set by apparent successes. The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the challenges and opportunities faced by...

This chapter explains the legal framework on guardianship and other protective measures, especially the so-called provisional taking into care, for unaccompanied minor refugees in Germany and explores the central terms “minor” and “unaccompanied”. Significant problems are highlighted in this chapter, in particular a conflict of interest on the part...

This study examines the rights of expatriates to access healthcare facilities in Uganda, highlighting the significant challenges they face navigating the country's healthcare system. Despite Uganda's relative stability and appeal as a host country for expatriates, tourists, and refugees, there are notable deficiencies in the legal and practical fra...

The right to maintain family unity is one of the inherent guarantees of the content of international protection provided for in Chapter VII of the Qualifications Directive. This right extends to both refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection, safeguarding the integrity of family units already present within the member state offering prote...

This chapter considers whether the practice of appointing guardians could be improved by regulation at European level. It takes a pessimistic view of the future in the light of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum .

This chapter explains the handling of kafāla-cases in France. The practical significance of kafāla in France is underlined, as many people of Moroccan or Algerian nationality living in France assume responsibility for a child born in their country of origin through kafāla. It is argued that although kafāla is not adoption, it should be treated in a...

Building on earlier developments in the field of inclusive education research, creating a sense of belonging and togetherness is seen as a necessary goal for schools, especially in times of crisis and unexpected outbreaks of war. Against this backdrop, the current qualitative study sheds light on Ukrainian refugee students’ self-perceived social in...

This chapter presents a series of pen portraits, offering a detailed and contextual view of nonreligious asylum seekers’ experiences. These portraits aim to foreground the voices of the research participants, revealing the variety and complexity of their cases. The chapter highlights key themes for deeper analysis in subsequent chapters revealing p...

This chapter explains how kafāla-cases are handled in Belgium, including the respective migration case law and migration legal framework. This article emphasises that a kafāla should be characterised as a child protection measure under the 1996 Child Protection Convention but that the Convention does not solve all issues relating to kafāla. The Bel...

This chapter explores how cultural assumptions and Northern European preferences impact the assessment process for nonreligious asylum seekers. It highlights the challenges in articulating non-belief in a system that favours linear, logical narratives. The chapter contrasts the formal language of assessment institutions with the realities faced by...

In this article, we reflect on the formal process of asylum eligibility in Brazil from a discursive perspective. We aim to underline the performative dimension of the refugee’s production. This label is understood here as dependent on discursive practices - especially narratives -, in which the applicants, officials, and other social actors partici...

This chapter explains the legal framework on guardianship for unaccompanied minor refugees in Hungary and deals with the real-life experiences of being an unaccompanied minor. The legal framework is fragmented and has continuously been such in the last decade. The situation of these children in Hungary was severely altered in the mid-2010s by sever...

The assessment of age is one of the most challenging aspects when unaccompanied refugees, who are potentially minors, arrive in their country of destination. A particular problem arises when authorities in different countries or different authorities within the same country have doubts about whether a refugee is a minor.

This chapter examines the legal framework on early marriage for unaccompanied minor refugees in Germany. The article focuses on a critical analysis of the Federal Law to combat child marriages and its adjustments through the Law for the Protection of Minors in Foreign Marriages effective from 1 July 2024. It is demonstrated that the situation of th...

Chapter 5 examines the affective dimensions of the asylum process, considering the emotional challenges faced by assessors, the emotions expected of and felt by asylum seekers, and the institutional framing of emotions. It discusses how the demand for substantively demonstrating belief leads to extreme actions by nonreligious claimants in creating...

Discussing refugee and adapted sport through the Refugee Paralympic Team (Discutindo refúgio e esporte adaptado através da Equipe Paralímpica de Refugiados) in Dimensões sócio-políticas da pessoa com deficiência interfaces e debates contemporâneos - chapter book

This book examines the challenges of nonreligious asylum seekers, based on two years of fieldwork in Sweden, The Netherlands, and Norway. It highlights the unique difficulties they face, such as being incorrectly assimilated with religious converts, evidencing their non-belief, and the stereotypes that undermine their claims. Despite international...

Introduction: Migrant women are a vulnerable group with limited access to health services and face ineffective system response to their needs, especially during the perinatal period. Effectiveness of the training of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is vital in order to enhance the quality of migrant perinatal care offered in line with the ORAMMA (Op...

This research examined the effect of Jordan's humanitarian diplomacy strategy for Syrian refugees on its foreign policy and attempted to determine whether the strategy is financially sustainable. Humanitarian diplomacy is persuading decision-makers and leaders worldwide to act at all times and in all circumstances in the best interest of vulnerable...

This study examined the impact of external funding and resource allocation on the implementation of education policies and the delivery of quality education in the Palorinya Refugee Settlement in Uganda. The research utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with education stakeholders, surveys with teachers and students,...

Context: The impact of forced migration on the mental health of refugee men is farreaching and compounded by gendered masculinity, which shapes men’s access to employment and other resources. A gap in knowledge exists on the broader determinants of refugee men’s mental health. Methodology: Using community-based participatory action research and the...

Jordan is not a signatory of the 1951 humanitarian refugees' treaty or its 1967 optional protocol. However, Jordan in 1998 signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the UNHCR. Therefore, Jordan is legally obligate to receive refugees. As a result of the 2011 Syrian civil war, hundreds of thousands of refugees fled to Jordan. Syrian refugees have be...

This study examined the impact of classroom conditions on the quality of education delivery within the Palorinya Refugee Settlement, focusing on critical variables such as the physical environment, resource adequacy, teacher training, class size, and classroom layout. The research utilized both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, incl...

Empirical research on moral injury (MI) has rapidly evolved since 2009. Originally developed to address the moral dimensions of traumatic experiences among US veterans, MI has also found application in the context of traumatized refugees. This paper delves into the ethical and epistemological questions that arise when applying a concept originally...

As of 2024, nearly three decades have passed since Bonny Norton introduced the investment model. This bibliometric review analyses research on this model using metadata from 424 publications indexed in the Web of Science database. Employing bibliometric techniques, the study identifies and visually presents significant sources, countries, instituti...

The objective of this work is to reflect on the expressions that the refugee population’s agency and aspirations take on to promote their processes of sociolabor integration. A qualitative methodological approach recognizes the importance of proximity to the subjects and contexts. A case was selected that allows for a more precise and in-depth unde...

Background Forcibly displaced women in the Netherlands face increased chances of perinatal mortality and other adverse pregnancy and childbirth outcomes compared to the resident country population, which has been linked to suboptimal care. This study was conducted to gain insights from the experiences of Dutch midwives to inform and enhance the pro...

The research aimed to determine the conditions and issues affecting dry fish processing workers and the drying centers. The data was collected with questionnaires by semi-structured personal interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) of respondents and analyzed the data from major sites Nazirartek, Chowfalldandi, Khurushkul, and Nunierchara at C...

There is a conceptual discrepancy between the expression “space of memory” and “place of memory.” In a different realm, the same seems to happen with the terms “safe space” and “safe place.” Coexisting but distinct worlds are explored in this article through the lens of the safe mnemotope: a place where memories have a fertile ground to settle and...

Today both researchers and policymakers agree that refugees admitted to the European Union constitute a net cost and fiscal burden for the receiving countries. As is often claimed, there is a trade-off between refugee migration and the fiscal sustainability of the welfare state. This contribution argues that the consensual cost-perspective on migra...

Zusammenfassung Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) richtet sich heute mit vielfältigen Projekten und Bildungsangeboten an unterschiedliche Zielgruppen; seit 2015 werden auch zugewanderte Erwachsene verstärkt adressiert. Der Beitrag setzt an diesem Punkt an und untersucht die BNE-Verständnisse und pädagogischen Ansatzpunkte ausgewählter BNE-A...

Purpose of Review This is a critical review of English language literature (January 2023—June 2024) on psychological trauma amongst forcibly displaced migrant women. The Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) Framework was used to organize multi-layered mental health interventions. Recent Findings Findings indicate many promising community...

The statutory authorities to remove and to review appeals of removal assigned in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) exist in a complicated, interweaving relationship with the legal power to sentence held by judges of the criminal court. Judges do not retain the legal authority to decide on removal. Judges do, however, hold the jurisd...

The uncertainty of transition to school for refugee children can be alleviated through early childhood programs that cater to children, families, and communities. This paper reports findings from a Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters (HIPPY), where free, home-based early childhood learning occurs during the critical period of the ch...

This article examines the mental health challenges faced by nurses in emerging and developing economies, focusing on the implications of the recent Lucy Letby case. It explores the impact of the global nursing shortage and the heavy workload and psychological stress that nurses endure. Special attention is given to the unique issues in Muslim cultu...

Retinal fundus imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, a significant cause of vision loss worldwide. Accurate detection of glaucoma using image processing, machine learning, and deep learning approaches depends on the effectiveness with which the retinal fundus images are captured. Poor-quality images...

The International Meetings of the Middle Ages of Nájera has been proposed as an international congress in the field of study and dissemination of Medieval History since its creation in 2003, promoted by the City Council of Nájera and the Government of La Rioja. The 21 edition of the Meetings is devoted to the theme: MIGRANTS, REFUGEES AND EXILE...

The issue of suicide has garnered considerable attention in refugee scholarship, where research examines how unique forced migration and resettlement challenges exacerbate risks and vulnerabilities to suicide. However, there are gaps in understanding the social and cultural factors shaping the lived experience of suicide in refugee communities. Usi...

The care crisis intersects with economic, social, and refugee crises, necessitating focused attention to bolster care infrastructure and address the multifaceted challenges. Women bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid domestic work, exacerbating gender inequalities in labor markets and education. This paper applies the International Labour Organ...

Since 2012, transnational terrorism in the Sahel has led to an increase in refugee migration to North Africa and Europe, and the danger of radicalisation within these two areas has increased sharply. For the EU, this represents a great danger to regional stability that must be quickly suppressed, and, to this end, the European community has sought...

This paper investigates the relationship between refugee children's social integration and foreign language difficulty. It also examines how different legal settlements and their accompanying education paradigms impact refugee students' integration and language difficulties in Lebanon and Australia, where short-and long-term legal settlements are p...

After the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, many Ukrainian artists (mainly women) were forced to leave. Among them were playwrights and theatre directors. One of the leading countries in which they sought refuge was Poland. There, they began to organize their theatrical projects or were included in the activities of Polish...

O estudo de populações negligenciadas está diretamente associado a oportunidades e ao suporte social existente em territórios, possibilitando o acolhimento e a manutenção da vida mesmo na imersão em processos de opressão, violência e violação de direitos humanos. No Brasil, a garantia da saúde como um direito humano, e não como mercadoria, faz dess...

Xenophobia among healthcare professionals can significantly impact the quality of care provided to immigrant and refugee populations, particularly in countries with high influxes such as Türkiye. This study evaluated xenophobia among resident physicians at Pamukkale University Hospital and identified factors influencing these attitudes. This cross-...

In this paper, we examine how building permit rates, in particular those for housing in one- and two-family homes, were affected by the presence of refugees in the wake of the 2015/16 refugee surge in Germany. Our panel data set covers all German counties with available data over the years 2011–2019. Our results show that a larger presence of refug...

Learning from past pandemics is essential for addressing future threats. Our analysis of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Jordan highlights key epidemiological trends, government responses, and the impact of viral variants. Jordan experienced four significant epidemic waves, each with distinct patterns in daily cases and death...

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) prevalence is considered high amongst refugees and asylum seekers (RAAS). Active TB screening using universal (indiscriminate) chest radiography (CXR) has been adopted in several European countries. Universal CXR screening raises concerns for radiation protection; no existing research reviews the literature from a ra...

The economic and social impacts of refugee entrepreneurs on host countries are becoming increasingly significant. Drawing on interviews with 33 Syrian refugee entrepreneurs from different backgrounds in Turkey, we theorise the conditions, mechanisms and outcomes of individual and collective emancipation that refugee entrepreneurs garner. Our qualit...

Predictive analytics in law describes AI systems that can predict the outcome of legal cases via computational legal reasoning. Predictive analytics in refugee status determination (RSD) has been cautiously employed. However, active research into model development holds significant potential for scalable application. Predictive analytics, tradition...

This systematic review aims to explore refugees' educational access, experiences and outcomes in Europe since 2015. The review follows a systematic process of reviewing and synthesising texts compiled in the Hub for Education for Refugees in Europe (HERE) Knowledge Base to fill gaps in knowledge about the educational trajectories of learners of ref...

Open spaces in cities play a crucial role in earthquake preparedness and disaster management. In the event of an earthquake, people instinctively seek refuge in open and green spaces, using them for safety, evacuation, and temporary shelter. These areas also serve as distribution centers for essential goods and services. However, the planning strat...

An expanding field of research has just begun to examine the acculturation experiences of majority-group members in increasingly diverse societies. Nonetheless, there remains a significant gap in understanding the acculturation of majority-group members, particularly in non-Western contexts. We aimed to expand the current literature on majority gro...

Emerging research suggests that the increasing population of Arab immigrants and refugees living in the United States (U.S.) has a greater risk for depression and anxiety than other groups. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety for Arabs in the U.S., to examine the moderating effects of key demog...

This paper examines the frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and factors associated with mental health counseling utilization among adult refugees and asylum-seekers in Malaysia. Participants (n = 286) were recruited using venue-based random sampling from three health clinics in 2018. Framed by Andersen’s model of health care utilizat...

Introduction Bangladesh currently hosts over a million Rohingya refugees in 33 fetid, dire, and confined camps, with the majority arriving after the 2017 military crackdown in Myanmar’s Rakhine state. Although Rohingya refugees have been arriving in Bangladesh since the 1970s, the mass influx following the 2017 military hostilities in Myanmar’s Rak...

James C. Scott's The Art of Not Being Governed explores the historical resistance of upland communities in Southeast Asia, collectively referred to as "Zomia," to state governance. Spanning regions from Vietnam to Northeast India, Zomia has served as a refuge for marginalized groups evading state control for over two millennia. Scott argues that th...

Background The adverse selection theory speculates a high level of demand for health insurance by people with vulnerable health conditions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the prevailing narratives and pattern of healthcare utilization in many African countries. This study estimated the effects of household member’s disability and presence o...

Immigration judges (IJs), housed within the Executive Office for Immigration Review within the Department of Justice (DOJ), make decisions in asylum and withholding claims, which are life or death matters. And although their title is “judge,” IJs are DOJ attorneys who lack independence and are particularly susceptible to political pressures. Federa...

International Refugee Law is based upon the definitions of refugees stated in the 1951 Refugee Convention, accounting for those fleeing a well-founded fear of persecution causing them to cross a border (United Nations, 1951). Other migrants are not defined under international law and therefore there is no legal compulsion for states to recognise or...

The 2014–2015 refugee crisis had a significant impact on Sweden given the over 163,000 asylum applications that were lodged in 2015, making it one of Europe’s largest refugee-receiving countries. This essay investigates the critical role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in complementing Sweden’s open-border policy during the crisis. Using theo...

Protected areas (PAs) in southern Africa provide refuge to important megafauna such as the savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana). Sections of these PAs are often transfrontier conservation complexes, whose objective of which is to facilitate historic patterns of wildlife dispersal. Knowledge of megafauna home ranges, habitat use, and dispersal in...

The Black Church has long been an institution of refuge, mobilization, and healing in Black or African American communities. While health promotion interventions have been implemented in the Black Church, little is known about ways to incorporate faith into colorectal cancer (CRC) screening messages. Using modified boot camp translation, a communit...

What happens when the state removes the usual obstacles preventing refugees to ‘integrate’? Our article analyses the case of Ukrainians who fled the war to settle in France. Their legal status is different from that of ‘classic’ refugees: the EU directive on temporary protection gives them the freedom to move and the right to work. Moreover, they b...

Objectives Diphtheria, a highly contagious disease that can be prevented through vaccination, is emerging in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, an area known for its instability, which presents a severe risk of becoming an epidemic. This is particularly concerning, as the Government of Pakistan intends to send (push back, actually) Afghan refugees back...

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are light-dependent communities occurring at depths of 30–150 m. They have been suggested to serve as refuge against thermal stress during heat waves for some coral species. Recent studies on MCEs have revealed a high diversity of communities, some unique, and that these ecosystems are far from being immune to ant...

In times of global tension, such as the looming threat of conflict or war, music transcends its role as entertainment to become a profound tool for reflection, connection, and resilience. Whether through the soaring optimism of What a Feeling, the hypnotic rhythms of am2pm, or the juxtaposition of joy and dread in David Bowie’s Let’s Dance, music m...

En un yacimiento arqueológico de vida tan prolongada como el hospital-monasterio de Santa Cristina de Somport resulta de gran importancia acotar sus extremos cronológicos con la ayuda indispensable de la documentación histórica. Y así se presumía un hipotético y legendario comienzo de su andadura a fines del siglo XI y un abrupto final a comienzos...

Ernst von Dohnányi (1877–1960), the Hungarian composer and pianist, was usually described as a remarkably harmonious, easy-going, and resilient person by his contemporaries. At the same time, however, he was emotionally withdrawn, so we know very little about how he adapted to different life situations. An excellent example of this is the short per...

This paper is devoted to the discussion of a specific crisis situation that had a considerable impact on the professional lives of many teachers in Poland, namely the appearance of war refugee students from Ukraine in Polish schools after 24 February 2022, that is, after the Russian invasion on Ukraine and the subsequent influx of refugees from Ukr...

Background and hypothesis Transition to psychosis rates within ultra-high risk (UHR) services have been declining. It may be possible to ‘enrich’ UHR cohorts based on the environmental characteristics seen more commonly in first-episode psychosis cohorts. This study aimed to determine whether transition rates varied according to the accumulated exp...

Different strands of scientific literature use various terminologies to refer to types of urban spaces without productive function, abandoned and legally uncontrolled. These include at least the following three: “Terrain Vague”, “vacant lot”, and “urban voids”. Although different, they all similarly evoke spaces where emptiness prevails over fullne...

Objective: There is substantial literature detailing the interaction between war and conflict on overall human health. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of war and conflict on people living with diabetes. This scoping review describes the impact of short-and long-term effects of exposure to war and conflict settings on people li...

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to address a gap in the existing literature on humanitarian service use by Ukrainian refugees in Slovakia. In particular, it examines the patterns of service use by different demographic groups and considers the implications of these patterns for the allocation of resources. Aims(s) – The principal aim is to a...

In this article, we demystify the South African Defence Force's 32 Battalion and de-exceptionalize the apartheid military by connecting it to other colonial military communities, and apartheid governance more broadly. Drawing on oral history, autoethnography, and archival documents, we demonstrate the highly unequal, yet mutual, reliance of white a...

Pada tahun 2021, lebih dari 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia terpaksa meninggalkan rumah mereka, di mana angka ini merupakan jumlah tertinggi yang tercatat sejak Perang Dunia II (Deutsche Welle 2022). Angka ini menunjukkan pemindahan paksa penduduk akibat konflik dan bencana, dan telah menjadi isu global yang sangat mendesak di era modern ini. Konfl...

This study explored the ideology of migration issues in Exit West. The ideology was explored by analyzing the linguistic choices. The framework applied in the study was Halliday's model of transitivity (2014). Analysis had been done taking circumstance of Halliday's transitivity as major stance of analysis. UAM corpus tool (3.0) had helped in annot...

This report summarizes the historical background of the post-conflict land ownership issues in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka's power expansion plan in 1994 was to significantly increase coal-fired power generation in Trincomalee. This was an economically rational plan because it had a good port and the total cost was the lowest. However, the se...

The human rights crisis experienced by the Rohingya in Myanmar has become one of the biggest humanitarian issues in Southeast Asia. As an ASEAN member country with significant influence in the region, Indonesia plays an important role in efforts to resolve this crisis. This research aims to analyze the role of Indonesia's diplomacy in encouraging A...

To investigate the propagation mechanisms of stress waves and the characteristics of crack distribution in tunnel structures subjected to explosive effects, an experimental model simulating rock mass using cement mortar was employed. Blasting experiments were conducted at various vertical locations relative to the tunnel. Utilizing ultra-dynamic st...

The aim of the publication is to reconstruct Pope Francis’ communication strategies and image in the context of the migration crises in Europe in the 2010s and early 2020s. The author’s attention is focussed on the Pope’s statements concerning the influx of refugees and migrants from Africa and the Middle East into the European Union and assessing...

Objetivo: Delinear as evidências científicas acerca dos impactos da pandemia de Covid-19 nas condições de saúde de homens imigrantes, refugiados e asilados. Método: Trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo alicerçado na metodologia estabelecida pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Serão integradas publicações em português, inglês e espanhol, sem reco...