Refrigeration - Science topic

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the refrigeration technology training program at the Vocational Training Centers (VTCs) by employing the context, input, process, product, and outcome evaluation approach. This study is classified as evaluative research, employing a qualitative description approach. Data collecting emplo...

Solar PV-integrated internet of home energy management system (IoHEMS) is developed. • Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) Algorithm-based energy harvesting system is incorporated into HEMS. • The LM algorithm performs better with the regression of 0.999999 and gradient of 7.8e − 5. • The proposed model enables IoT func-tionality with HEMS and WSN nodes utili...

Internet of Things (IoT) sensors monitor temperature-sensitive goods throughout the supply chain. Nowadays, blockchain is being widely used for traceability, transparency, and immutable storage of this data. However, this approach lacks a mechanism to assess the trustworthiness of the data, and as a result, the reliability of the system is constrai...

Heat exchangers are very important in many varied industrial applications, including power generation, chemical processing, refrigeration, and automotive systems, since they enable effective heat transfer between two or more fluids, assuring maximum utilization of energy and stability in operations. Multi-channel heat exchangers are now coming into...

Background: Sodium is the main cation in 35-40% of the extracellular fluid in the body’s skeleton. Sodium is responsible for maintaining fluid balance in these compartments and regulating osmotic pressure which keeps fluid from leaving the blood and entering the cells as well as maintaining acid-base balance in the body by balancing substances that...

This study proposes a strategy for evaluating efficient design of the Gas Management System (GMS) on LNG carriers by decomposing its performance to subsystems: the reliquefaction system (RS) and the fuel gas supply system (FS). With increasingly stringent maritime regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, the need for efficient LNG carrier operation...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of alginate-based packaging materials with the incorporation of protein hydrolysates to improve the safety and quality of chicken meat during storage. Physicochemical parameters, microbiological indicators, and color characteristics of chicken meat packaged in bioactive films were determined....

An oil-injection CO2 scroll compressor prototype and relative simulation model are developed for automotive Air Conditioning. The effects of oil to refrigerant mass ratio on the compressor performance are studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that oil-injection is an effective way to improve the volumetric and indicated efficie...

Floriculture is an essential component of modern lifestyle and offers an endless number of opportunities. The floriculture sector has undergone a shift, becoming a significant opportunity and high market value commercial enterprise. This study looks at current floriculture developments in India and abroad in terms of area, production, and trade. It...

Precise information about the oil discharge rate (ODR) of a compressor and the oil retention rate (ORR) in the oil sump is essential for compressor design, development, and operation. An extended two-fluid model (E–TFM) is developed to study the complicated refrigerant vapor–lubricating oil two-phase flow inside a compressor. Gas–liquid bubbly, dro...

Air conditioning system has a very important role in a building, this is to support activities in the building. Conventional cooling systems are based on vapor compression systems using refrigerant as the working fluid in the cycle. Commonly used refrigerant fluids have very high global warming and ozone destruction potential. Prolonged use of refr...

Breaking the constraints of thrombin during storage and in vivo applications remains challenging because of its low stability and sensitivity to environmental temperature and acidity. Herein, an artificial plateletoid is developed for in situ thrombin generation through a co‐incubation approach with plasma in vitro, utilizing a silk fibroin/Ca²⁺ in...

Fruit mousses, as low-processed products, are highly susceptible to external conditions, and storage leads to the degradation of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds and vitamins, as well as promoting the growth of yeasts and molds. This study investigated the impact of storage conditions on the microbiological quality and degradati...

Chitosan (CS)‐based films incorporated with ethyl p‐methoxycinnamate (EPMC) isolated from Kaempferia galanga L. were fabricated to prolong the shelf life of refrigerated pork. Addition of EPMC into CS‐based films significantly improved the physical properties, such as opacity (6.42 to 46.33), moisture content (44.01% to 33.29%) and water vapor perm...

As the logistics industry modernizes, living standards improve, and consumption patterns shift, the demand for fresh food continues to grow, making cold chain logistics for perishable goods a critical component in ensuring food quality and safety. However, the presence of both soft and hard time windows among demand nodes can complicate the single-...

Mangoes are highly valued for their flavor and nutritional content, but their shelf life is limited due to quick ripening and susceptibility to microbial deterioration. The use of salicylic acid and melatonin as postharvest dipping treatments for mango fruits has the potential to significantly improve shelf life while retaining fruit quality. Salic...

The total use of electrical energy in a building or structure, one of them is the use of an air conditioning (AC) system. There are still many uses of air conditioning (AC) systems based on halocarbon refrigerants (R-22) in a building or structure. Refrigerant 22 is a type of halocarbon refrigerant that is widely used in Split ACs. The author condu...

This study aims to assess the indoor air quality along with the elemental concentrations of indoor settled classroom dust across nineteen schools in Tezpur, Northeast India. The average indoor temperature and relative humidity were 24.53 ͦ C and 60.61%, respectively which is within the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditionin...

To address the challenges of environmental impact and distribution efficiency in fresh food logistics, a segmented transshipment model involving the coordinated operation of gasoline and electric vehicles is proposed. The model minimizes total distribution costs by considering transportation, refrigeration, product damage, carbon emissions, and pen...

Persimmon is a soft fruit, which is why it is one of the horticultural products most prone to mechanical damage throughout the cold chain. Understanding the impact of this damage on the post‐harvest quality of these fruits is extremely important to reduce losses that occur throughout the supply chain. This study used the finite element method (FEM)...

Introduction: The risks in vaccination rooms imply not only damage to users, but also to vaccination coverage. Objective: to analyze structural conditions and factors that facilitate and hinder risk management in vaccine rooms. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the vaccination rooms of the Basic Health Units (UBS) of a health dis...

N THE current study, the antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ginger oil nanoemulsion (GNE) were determined by their application on experimentally inoculated fish fillet with nearly 4 log 10 CFU/g Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in separately treated groups and were kept in a refrigeration...

Background: Ozone (O 3) is a promising alternative antibacterial agent that has recently been used in meat processing. The understanding of the appropriate functional settings of O 3 for addressing food safety problems is still insufficient. Aim: The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of exposure to O 3 on the bacteriologi...

The global energy demand and environmental concerns rise, solar absorption refrigeration systems present a sustainable alternative to conventional cooling technologies. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a solar absorption refrigeration machine in Constantine (North-East Algeria), focusing on its efficiency and suitability for the regio...

Fresh produce is significant for nutrition, dietary, wellness, and prosperity worldwide. Despite of being as much important, this produce faces several challenges due to post harvest losses approximately 75 million tones annually. Unfortunately, it is the developing countries that suffer the most. Numerous initiatives are taken and some are unde...

This paper presents a banana ripening chamber system for Romania. The system comprises two main parts: the refrigerating unit, with a cooling capacity of 47.5 kW, and a fresh air supply system for ethylene exhaust during the ripening process (1000 m3/h). The proposed solution replaces the classical one-stage vapor compression with R134a. The new so...

The efficient use of wet steam for plasma torch cooling and water plasma generation is important for reliable plasma generator design. Wet steam, due to phase transformation capability, improves heat removal at lower gas flow rates if compared to liquid water. To evaluate the wet steam cooling potential, a numerical model is proposed, incorporating...

Reproductive efficiency plays a pivotal role in the success of dairy farming, as it directly affects milk production, herd health, and overall farm profitability. Maintaining optimal reproductive performance is essential for ensuring consistent milk yields, timely calving, and the economic sustainability of dairy enterprises. India, despite its sta...

Enteric diseases by pathogenic organisms are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in low‐income countries. Despite antibiotics, access to clean water and vaccination are the most economically affordable options to prevent those infections and their health consequences. Vaccines, such as those approved for rotavirus and cholera...

In recent years, with the advancement of computer hardware technology, an increasing number of complex control systems have begun employing reinforcement learning over traditional PID controls to address the challenge of managing multiple outputs simultaneously. In this study, we have for the first time adopted the cyclical learning rate method, wh...

In conventional absorption refrigeration systems (ARS), the heat from the condenser is usually rejected by the environment in place to be used in the system, so recuperating this is a good alternative to enhance the system's performance. For instance, in this paper, an alternative ARS in which LiBr/Water is used as a refrigerant mixture, where part...

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of medical biochemistry professionals in Türkiye regarding green and sustainable medical laboratory (GSML) practices. It also seeks to identify the most common and challenging barriers to adopting GSML practices. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 130...

Supercooling has numerous applications in the bio-preservation and food cold chain. This study investigated the effects of oscillating magnetic fields at different intensity levels on the preservation of cherries during supercooling. The magnetic field frequency was 50 Hz, and by applying the magnetic field of 0.1 mT level and mT level intensity, t...

Background: The rapid development of refrigerated transportation technology for fresh vegetables has extended their shelf life. Some vegetables may appear undamaged on the surface, but their freshness may have decreased, often resulting in the phenomenon of passing off inferior vegetables as good. It is very important to establish a detection metho...

The development of electric vehicles (EVs) exhibits rapid and remarkable progress nowadays, serving as a crucial route to accomplish the target of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. As an integral part of the thermal management system oriented toward electric vehicles, the heat pump air conditioning system for electric vehicles is the result of a...

The investigation focuses on developing an efficient analytical method for the quantification of empagliflozin in pharmaceutical dosage forms, as there is currently no pharmacopoeial method available for the drug. The newly developed method was validated following ICH guidelines. A C18 column was used for analysis, with a mobile phase consisting of...

Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck is a well-known fruit in Cambodia as Pursat orange, consumed as juice. It contains vitamin C as a nutrient necessary for the body's numerous metabolic processes however, vitamin C is temperature-sensitive and can be degraded over a long period in unsuitable storage conditions. This study aims to determine the vitamin C c...

Industrial advancements in recent years have led to a significant increase in global energy consumption. Consequently, the pollution resulting from the use of fossil fuels to meet this energy demand has become a pressing issue. The utilization of biomass as a renewable energy source presents a viable solution to mitigate this problem. In addition t...

Background Cold chain management is a continuous and cohesive process of preserving vaccines to ensure their availability and potency. However, the quality control of vaccines has been neglected in resource-limited areas such as Ethiopia. Adequate levels of health workers’ knowledge and practices in vaccine cold chain management are important to ma...

The wettable powder formulation was developed by using the aerial conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The insecticidal efficacy of the prepared formulation against two-day-old adult Rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera, was evaluated based on different storage temperatures. The shelf life of a talc-based wettable powder formulatio...

Efficient use of energy and resources is vital for fostering the sustainable development of our planet and fighting hidden hunger. One way to address this issue is by preserving the quality of raw materials from fruits over a prolonged period. However, fruits have the highest rate of losses and waste among food products. Incorrect selection of cool...

Une étude a été menée afin de déterminer l’influence de certains paramètres abiotiques sur la biodiversité des macroinvertébrés benthiques du Mgbaba, cours d’eau situé dans le département de la Lékié. Cette étude s’est faite sur 3 stations d’échantillonnage notées Mgbaba 1 (MG 1), Mgbaba 2 (MG 2) et Mgbaba 3 (MG 3) situées respectivement sur le cré...

This review examines the transformative role of mRNA vaccines in responding to emerging infectious disease outbreaks, with a focus on their unique mechanisms, rapid development potential, and demonstrated efficacy. The recent success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights their advantages over traditional vaccines, including adapt...

Brazil has 107,800 hectares under cultivation and 3.9 million tons of potato tubers produced. Cultivar Lion Heart is intended for industrial processing as sticks, due to its dry matter content of over 21%, elongated shape and light flesh. These characteristics are essential because the color of the sticks after frying is evaluated as a quality fact...

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) commonly detected in milk and dairy products. These compounds pose a serious threat to the health of consumers due to their considerable bioaccumulation potential, high stability, and toxicity. (2) Methods: The study evaluated the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticas...

The main role of the expansion valve in a vapor compression refrigeration system is to regulate the mass flow rate of the refrigerant gas, so the study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variations in the expansion valve capacity on the cooling performance of the Truck Refrigerator unit. This is related to the suitability of the temperature of...

This research aims to explain the innovation of emergency food products based on “Fusion Food” which uses banana blossoms as the main ingredient. Banana blossoms, a local and underutilized ingredient abundant in tropical regions, are the focus. In the context of food crises and natural disasters, innovation in emergency food products becomes increa...

Mechanocaloric cooling/heat pumping with zero carbon emission and high efficiency shows great potential for replacing traditional refrigeration with vapor compression. Mechanocaloric prototypes that are developed using shape memory alloys (SMAs) face the problems of a large driving force and high cost. In this work, we report a low-crystalline ther...

Imaging spectral information and analyzing its properties of materials have become intriguing for consumer electronics toward food inspection, beauty care and etc. Those sensory physical quantities are difficult to quantify. Hyperspectral cameras, which capture its figure and spectral information simultaneously, can be a good candidate for non-dest...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) to polyethylene film on the lipid oxidation level and sensory quality of African catfish fillets during refrigerated storage. The study was conducted on de-skinned fillets from a local farm. A composite film with 0.1%, 0.6%, and 1% G nano...

Initiatives to address food loss and waste (FLW) are gaining attention especially in smallholder-dominated food systems in developing regions. This is in effort to meet some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets. Countries are seeking innovative solutions to address the FLW challenge to contribute food and nutrition security and to re...

Pleurotus ostreatus is considered a functional food with benefits for human health. However, its shelf life is very short even when refrigerated. This study compared the effects of five drying treatments on the water activity, color, microstructure, hardness, rehydration index, total polyphenol (TP) content and volatile compounds of P. ostreatus. T...

The dependence of the results on the individual qualities of stallion semen is very high, which is an obstacle to the wider use of the cryopreservation method in practice. It has been shown in this work that semen from successive samples from the same stallion has different hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) and different buffer capacities. When Lact...

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a species of mosquito that is known to be the main factor in the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). This outreach aims to educate about the potential of the citronella plant as a natural mosquito repellent. Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) is a plant that contains essential oils consisting of citronellal (27.87...

The productive use of energy (PUE) is a critical pathway to development, as it enhances productivity and facilitates income-generating activities. However, PUE is little understood in low-resource urban settings in the context of off-grid energy. Drawing on two projects implemented between 2019 and 2022, this paper presents a case of off-grid solar...

The urgent need for environmentally sustainable cooling technologies, driven by global regulatory constraints, has intensified the search for natural refrigerants with low global warming potential. This study evaluates the potential of natural refrigerants, specifically butane and isobutane, in advanced single- and dual-fluid Organic Rankine Cycle–...

This study employs a techno-environmental and economic analysis to assess the influence of two air conditioning (AC) systems, Split and package and three refrigerants—R22, R410A, and R407C in residential buildings. Life cycle assessment indicates that energy consumption during the AC units’ operational phase accounts for over 96% of the total burde...

Microencapsulation is a novel process of plant-extracted polyphenol enrichment into yogurt to extend storage stability with improved quality. This study was intended to develop and characterize functional yogurt that had been microencapsulated with ginger-extracted polyphenol to observe stability at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1 °C). The phenoli...

Supermarket refrigeration systems offer the possibility to recover significant amounts of energy. These amounts may at times be higher than what the supermarket needs. In these cases, export of heat or air conditioning to neighboring buildings is a solution for increased overall energy efficiency. However, although previous studies have demonstrate...

This work presents a fundamental equation of state for calculations of the thermodynamic properties of R-1132(E), which is a potential refrigerant for residential or mobile air conditioners. The equation of state has a functional form expressed explicitly in the Helmholtz energy with temperature and density as the independent variables, and the for...

Flower exposure to high temperature reduces the production, viability and performance of pollen, ovules and seeds, which in turn reduces individual fecundity and risks the survival of populations. Autonomous flower cooling could help to alleviate exposure of pollen and ovules to harmful temperatures, yet investigations on the thermal ecology of flo...

Quantum sensors based on solid-state defects, in particular nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, enable precise measurement of magnetic fields, temperature, rotation, and electric fields. Cavity quantum electrodynamic (cQED) readout, in which an NV ensemble is hybridized with a microwave mode, can overcome limitations in optical spin detection...

Fatty acid esters obtained as a result of transesterification of vegetable oils or chemical reactions with alcohols are currently the main alternative fuels used in power plants. Since they do not contain aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds, emissions of CO2, hydrocarbons, carcinogens and carcinogenic substances into the atmosphere are signi...

The increasing demand for fresh and convenient foods has led to the production of Minimally Processed Products (MPPs), which are suitable for culinary and industrial uses. However, cutting potatoes can trigger browning, negatively impacting their sensory and nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate different anti-browning methods on Colomb...

Maintenance of cold chain is integral for vaccine potency maintenance. Most vaccines are temperature-sensitive, hence cold chain maintenance is essential. Cold chain is crucial to keep the potency of vaccines. Improper vaccine storage and handling affect the quality of administered vaccines as lost potency of vaccines cannot be replaced. Nurses mus...