Reactors - Science topic

Based on the size of bacterial cells and bacterial surface hydrophobicity, some bacteria meets the requirements of Pickering particles to stabilize Pickering emulsions. Here, we discuss the oil-water interfaces of bacteria-stabilized Pickering emulsions as microhabitats for microbial metabolism of oil-soluble chemicals. The correlation between livi...

Grey water (GW) reclamation offers a viable solution to address water scarcity. However, the variation in its quality and quantity makes treatment options big challenges. In the last years, Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as an effective method for treating GW. This study assessed the performance of a lab-scale EC reactor in treating GW with hi...

Several neutrino detectors, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the forthcoming large-scale JUNO, rely on liquid scintillator to detect reactor antineutrino interactions. In this context, inverse beta decay represents the golden channel for antineutrino detection, providing a pair of correlated events, thus a strong experimental signature to...

Whey is a by-product of the cheese industry that, when discharged into the environment, causes the eutrophication of natural water bodies. Although various alternatives for its utilization have been studied and proposed, a significant portion is still discarded into the environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the digesti...

This project concerns first principles atomistic modelling of essential sensitizing processes that would render load bearing nickel-base alloys prone to stress corrosion cracking in nuclear power applications.

The catalytic reaction unit (reactor) is an essential component of any industrial unit. The correct selection and design of this part of the project affects the success of the entire industrial unit while transferring the laboratory experiment of the proposed sulfur purification method (thermal catalytic method) from the limited laboratory quantity...

Mini Fusion Reactors: The Future of Energy explores the potential of compact nuclear fusion technologies to address global energy demands. The paper examines theoretical foundations, innovative reactor designs, engineering challenges, and applications across decentralized energy networks, industrial utility, and space exploration. It also discusses...

An aperiodic reactor based on two colliding segments of a filament consisting of lithium deuteride and lithium tritide is proposed. The segments have diameters dp = 113 μ and lengths lp = 1 mm. The initial lengths of the segments are 1 cm, they decrease due to the evaporation of part of the substance by lasers, while the remaining parts are acceler...

Chemical waves represent one of the fundamental behaviors that emerge in nonlinear, out-of-equilibrium chemical systems. They also play a central role in regulating behaviors and development of biological organisms. Nevertheless, understanding their properties and achieving their rational synthesis remains challenging. In this work, we obtained tra...

This research aims to study by numerical simulation the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of a staged feed tubular plug flow reactor. The main characteristic of this system is that a second stream of reactant feed is headed axially on the pipe constituting the reactor. The study of the staged feed tubular plug flow reactor is carrie...

The paper is devoted to the discussion of the possibility of creating UCN sources based on the principle of pulse accumulation (PA) in traps. The implementation of the PA principle would make it possible to create a source with a flux of UCN in a trap significantly exceeding the time average. The paper provides a comparative analysis of various app...

The degradation of clamping force in the core support barrel, which forms the internal structure of a nuclear power plant, has the potential to significantly impact the plant’s safety and reliability. Previous studies have concentrated on the detection of clamping force degradation but have been constrained in their ability to identify the precise...

PLTN Generasi ke-4 merupakan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir yang berguna sebagai sistem reaktor dan fasilitas daur ulang bahan bakar nuklir, hal ini dapat dirancang untuk mengatasi kekurangan tenaga nuklir masa kini. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir memiliki beberapa keuntungan dalam penggunaannya yaitu : 1. Tidak menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kac...

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) telah menjadi salah satu sumber energi yang paling efisien dan berdaya tinggi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan listrik global. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi di seluruh dunia dan tantangan besar dari perubahan iklim, PLTN muncul sebagai alternatif yang dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fo...

CO hydrogenation is a promising approach for the storage of renewable energy in the form of hydrocarbons via the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Since transient operation of FTS reactors might be necessary and even be beneficial, transient kinetics for a rational catalyst and reactor design are essential. In order to advance the development of suc...

This paper addresses the computational simulation of coolant mixing in the downcomer and lower plenum of the Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model (ROCOM). Two different approaches have been employed, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) with OpenFOAM and system code simulation with TRACE5, highlighting the capabilities and limitations...

Presentation file for G. A. Siwabessy Memorial Lecture 2024.

This work presents the results of a study on the influence of fillers on the neutron absorption capacity of materials made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Composite materials based on UHMWPE were obtained using gas-flame technology with the addition of powdered UHMWPE fillers (H3BO3, WC, and PbO). A radiation cassette has be...

The generally accepted methods of measuring the intensity of nuclear reactions (measuring the flux of neutrons and other particles) are not suitable for LENR. The reason is the absence of significant fluxes of neutrons, gamma quanta and other ionizing particles from low-energy nuclear reactions. However, without measuring the intensity of their occ...

Control strategies designed for step signals fail when applied for ramp tracking and ramp disturbance rejection. Hence, this work presents a novel dual-loop control technique for ramp tracking and ramp disturbance rejection in unstable systems. To begin with, first the unstable process is stabilized using a proportional-derivative (PD) compensator...

The stages of solid-state processing of nanocomposites, based on nascent disentangled ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (d-UHMWPE) reactor powders (RPs) and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) of various types, were meticulously investigated. The potential for optimizing the filler distribution through variation of the processing parameters, and the...

Recent JET D–T campaigns opened the possibility of unique isotope studies to investigate the L–H transition physics in view of reactor plasmas and to study the origin of the observed power threshold minimum. In the present paper, we characterise L–H transitions in the low and high-density branches of JET NBI-heated D–T plasmas. As discussed in the...

As advanced reactors are nearing end-stage development as part of the growing effort to resolve society’s energy crisis, the interest in reprocessing used nuclear fuel is increasing. Pyroprocessing is a tested reprocessing technology requiring additional study before it may be considered for commercial viability. The Resonance Absorption Densitomet...

Lanthanide‐containing clusters are synthetically challenging and with significant chemical and materials applications. Herein, two isostructural heterometallic clusters of the formula (NO3)12@[Ln132Ni78(OH)292(IDA)48(CH3COO)96(NO3)12(H2O)78]Cl44⋅xH2O⋅yCH3OH (IDA=iminodiacetate; Ln=Gd 1, x=110, y=0; Ln=Eu 2, x=95, y=40) were obtained via co‐hydrolys...

The treatment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) has been studied under different anodes (Ti-Pt-SnO2-Sb2O5, MMO, and boron-doped diamond, BBD) and configurations (single-flow and dual-flow cell‒SFC and DFC, respectively) using MMO and BBD alone or combined. In terms of BMImCl removal and mineralization, BDD overperforms MMO in SFC con...

Synthesis of value‐added chemicals from methane remains a great challenge due to its high energy requirement, low conversion efficiency, and unavoidable over‐oxidation of desired products. Here, the integration of a photon‐driven chemical cycle process with a continuous flow reactor over the Co0.2Pd1.8‐TiO2 catalyst has led to the continuous synthe...

This report deals with the hydrodynamic and mass transport characterization in an rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) in continuous and batch configuration employing relatively simple techniques like obtaining the mixing time, polarization, and residence time distribution (RTD) curves. For batch configuration, the limiting current and Sh values were...

This work presents an illustrative application of the newly developed “Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (2nd-FASAM-NODE)” methodology to determine most efficiently the exact expressions of the first- and second-order sensitivities of NODE decoder responses to the neural net’s...

This study presents a comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis to determine the optimum power for a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAPP) system using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactor. The investigation reveals that maximum power is consumed at a specific discharge gap within the DBD reactor. Power was computed across varyi...

In the low-density edge plasma of tokamaks, ion cyclotron range of frequencies actuators may parasitically emit slow waves. If the density is sufficiently low, which may be common in large future devices such as international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), these slow waves take the form of so-called resonance cones. The traditional theo...

Copper-based nanoparticles (NPs) are highly valued for their wide-ranging applications, with particular significance in CO 2 reduction. This paper explores a multiparametric approach to CuO synthesis using a flow reactor.

Using ANSYS Fluent software, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations have been performed to estimate gas flow dynamics, temperature distribution and plasma chemistry in a Clamshell type MPCVD cavity. Effect of microwave power on species distribution and growth rate was studied. We have observed a higher growth rate at 3kW power (13.2 micr...

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are a promising option for hydrogen storage, but a high efficiency of the LOHC cycle is essential in order to serve as an attractive technology in the context of decarbonization. This paper presents different methods to optimize steady-state operating points of a LOHC dehydrogenation (DH) reactor. For this p...

Prussian blue and its analogs are promising materials for numerous applications. Interest in this class of materials arises from their broad pore distribution, redox properties, high biocompatibility, low‐cost components, straightforward manufacturability, and adaptability through analog development. A key challenge is the synthesis of well‐defined...

A new approach has been proposed by catalyzing composite industry wastes with pulse discharge plasma for reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in diesel exhaust. Solid wastes such as foundry sand and iron tailings were blended to form a new composite waste which is then introduced into a plasma reactor to extract the benefits of catalytic properties. T...

In the pursuit of fusion power, achieving tritium self-sufficiency stands as a pivotal challenge. Tritium breeding within molten salts is a critical aspect of next-generation fusion reactors, yet experimental measurements of \gls{tbr} have remained elusive. Here we present the results of the \gls{baby} experiment, which represents a pioneering effo...

The new class of compact quasi-axisymmetric stellarators with a wide range of field periods offers the unique potential to combine the advantages of the two leading magnetic confinement fusion devices, tokamaks and stellarators. Here, we present the numerical optimization of this class which has so far only been obtained analytically. Our approach...

One of the challenges in the current reactor is the gap between the outlet nozzle of the Reactor Vessel (RV) and the outlet opening of the Core Support Barrel (CSB). This gap causes bypass flow, reducing the overall efficiency. To address this issue, RV and CSB designs were modified with various configurations. Through finite element analysis, this...

Artificial intelligence has revolutionized various industries, including chemical process optimization. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be applied to various ethylene glycol (EG) production aspects to improve efficiency, quality, and overall process optimization. Process optimization of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) hydrogenation to ethylene glycol (EG)...

In the present work, we study a simple mathematical model that describes the competition of two bacterial species with an obligate one-way beneficial relationship for a limited substrate in a bioreactor associated with leachate recirculation. The substrate is present into two forms, insoluble and soluble substrates, where the latter is consumed by...

The design of fast reactors burning MOX fuels requires accurate capture and fission cross sections. For the particular case of neutron capture on 242Pu, the NEA recommends that an accuracy of 8-12% should be achieved in the fast energy region (2 keV-500 keV) compared to their estimation of 35% for the current uncertainty. Integral irradiation exper...

This paper investigates the problem of controlling nonlinear dynamical systems subject to state and input constraints while minimizing time-varying and a priori unknown cost functions. We propose a modular approach that combines the online convex optimization framework and reference governors to solve this problem. Our method is general in the sens...

The hydrogenation of CO2 remains one of the most intriguing and effective strategies for addressing the continuous increase of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. At the same time, it serves as an effective pathway for the formation of value-added products. This work explores the Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC) phenomenon on the CO2 hydr...

Microbubbles have been widely applied in various fields. Here, an oscillating feedback microreactor (OFM) was designed to produce microbubbles at high throughput (5–80 mL/min), where the hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two‐phase system were investigated. The hydrodynamics results showed that three secondary flows (oscillat...

As a key equipment of the reactor coolant system, the reactor coolant pump’s operational state can have a direct impact on the coolant circulation. However, the harsh working environment can accelerate the process of equipment deterioration for the reactor coolant pump while the current alarm mechanism cannot detect the deterioration of equipment p...

Keselamatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) merupakan faktor penting dalam desain dan operasional reaktor nuklir. Artikel ini membahas aspek keselamatan PLTN, termasuk teknologi, pengelolaan limbah, lokasi pembangunan, dan keamanan. Selain itu, artikel ini juga menyoroti keuntungan dari PLTN generasi ke-4 yang menawarkan peningkatan dalam h...

The design optimization of structure and performance of reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels is crucial for the development of future fusion reactors, which has always been a significant challenge. In this study, we proposed a new strategy to integrate the microstructure and performance design of RAFM steels using machine learning...

Supported metal catalysts have been widely applied and commonly fabricated through the H2 reduction process. Herein, we develop a H2‐free room‐temperature discharge‐driven reduction (RT‐DR) reactor for fabricating supported metal catalysts at room temperature without H2. By RT‐DR reactor, a catalyst with pseudo‐boehmite (PB) as support (CdS/Pt/PB)...

The advent of self-propelled micro/nanomotors represents a paradigm shift in the field of environmental remediation, offering a significant enhancement in the efficiency of conventional operations through the exploitation of the material phenomenon of active motion. Despite the considerable promise of micro/nanomotors for applications in environmen...

Artikel ini membahas keselamatan dan keuntungan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) generasi ke-4. Dalam aspek keselamatan, teknologi reaktor seperti PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) dan BWR (Boiling Water Reactor) diterapkan untuk meminimalisir risiko radiasi dan mengelola limbah radioaktif secara efektif. Limbah disimpan di lokasi yang terisol...

Gold recovery from refractory pyrite-arsenopyrite concentrates using stirred tank reactor biooxidation is widely applied worldwide. Therefore, studies to address the characteristic problem of this technology are urgent. The goal of the present work was to research the possibility of counteracting the negative effects of unfavorable conditions (incr...

The Monte Carlo differential operator sampling method is applied to the computation of sensitivity coefficients of unresolved resonance probability table cross sections. Three new analytical benchmarks for verifying unresolved resonance treatments and sensitivity coefficient computations are developed. The method and its research-code implementatio...

We draw attention to an interesting possibility in the design and operation of stellarator fusion reactors, which has hitherto been considered unrealistic under burning-plasma conditions. Thanks to recent advances in stellarator optimisation theory, it appears possible to create a positive (outward-pointing) radial electric field in the plasma core...

Monitoring temperature, pressure, and pH as well as intervening via pumping in ingredients at key moments in the process render the fed-batch reactor concept very useful to zeolite synthesis.

In this article, polymerization processes are carried out under various physicochemical conditions. The reaction medium can be a solution of the polymer in a monomer or solvent with a viscosity from 10⁻³ to 10² -10³ Pa, a suspension of solid polymer particles in a hydrocarbon diluent or water with a polymer concentration from 10 to 60%, aqueous dis...

We propose the possibility of using the near detector at reactor neutrino experiments to probe the renormalization group (RG) running effect on the leptonic Dirac CP phase $\delta_D$. Although the reactor neutrino oscillation cannot directly measure $\delta_D$, it can probe the deviation $\Delta \delta \equiv \delta_D(Q^2_d) - \delta_D(Q^2_p)$ caus...

Neutrino nucleus elastic scattering ({\nu}Ael) with reactor neutrinos is an interaction under full quantum-mechanical coherence. It has not yet been experimentally observed. We present new results on the studies of {\nu}Ael cross section with an electro-cooled p-type point-contact germanium detector at the Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino laboratory. A t...

Conventional barium sulfate is characterized by large particle size, crude manufacturing processes, and inferior quality. Conversely, ultrafine barium sulfate offers significant enhancements in product quality and broadens its range of applications. To achieve industrial-scale production of high-quality ultrafine barium sulfate, characterized by re...

paling krusial dalam operasional energi nuklir. Sejak kecelakaan besar seperti Chernobyl (1986) dan Fukushima (2011), desain reaktor nuklir terus disempurnakan untuk meminimalkan risiko kecelakaan. Saat ini, PLTN modern menggunakan sistem keselamatan pasif, seperti sistem pendinginan berbasis gravitasi yang tidak membutuhkan listrik untuk bekerja d...

In recent decades, a significant volume of radioactively contaminated soil has been generated due to operation and dismantling of nuclear installations in Germany, particularly the research reactor in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf (FZR) and the Rheinsberg NPP in Brandenburg. The contaminated soil from these sites has a radionuclide vector ty...

Plasma‐induced methane pyrolysis is a promising hydrogen production method. However, few studies have focused the decomposition of pure methane as a discharge gas. Herein, a rotating gliding arc reactor was used for the conversion of methane (discharge gas and feedstock) into hydrogen and solid carbon. Methane conversion, gaseous product selectivit...

The electricity load increases significantly with the development of the economy, which raises the issue of scarce land resources; therefore, the application of whole-indoor urban substations has become more and more extensive. However, both the closed environment of indoor substations and their unreasonable ventilation systems mean that the heat d...

This study investigated the performance of citric acid as lixiviant for cathode material from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Black mass containing 84.2 wt% MNC (LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.4 Co 0.15 O 2 ) and 15.8 wt% LCO (LiCoO 2 ) material was leached at solid-to-liquid ratios of 20, 50, and 100 g/L. Leaching with 1.5 M citric acid, 2 vol.% H 2 O 2...