Science topic
Rare Earth Elements - Science topic
Explore the latest questions and answers in Rare Earth Elements, and find Rare Earth Elements experts.
Questions related to Rare Earth Elements
I want to know more about REE deposits.
I want to know more about REE deposits.
We have been working on halide doublel perovskites, but we couldnt substitute rare earth elements using hydrothermal method. we have tried different composition and concentration, but couldnt achieve it. we couldnt get where we miss it. please let us know what we have to consider
I want to know more about REE deposits.
I have financial backing to further REE extraction and development. Only if you have a process that you can prove works.
I want to know more about REE deposits.
I want to know more about REE deposits.
I'm attempting to develop a method for analyzing rare earth elements by ICP OES, and am hoping to find an internal standard to use for the analysis. I've tried several, and they simply do not work. Any tips or help would be greatly appreciated.
I want to know more about REE ore deposits.
Fluorite has a clear Raman spectrum, with the dominant band at 320 cm-1. The REE-rich fluorite sample has a typical tveitite Raman spectrum, and the fluorite band is completely missing. However, the amount of REE is 13.32 %, Y is only 4.4%. Ca is 37 %, and F = 45.7 %. Can someone help?
I want to know more about REE deposits.
I want to know more about REE deposits.Please help me.
I want to know more about REE deposits.
Can all rare earth elements be considered as rare metals?
I want to know more about REE deposits.
I have some industrial solid waste samples containing rare earth elements (REE) which I digested to measure the REE concentration with ICP. However, as there is no certified reference material for industrial wastes, there is no way to realize which wavelength gives the right REE concentration.
So, I am wondering if anyone knows any solution for this situation or if there is any way to realize the right wavelength without using a reference material.
Thank you all
Mehdi
Dear all,
I am doing relaxation calculation in VASP for a material BaLaMn2O6. I am confused for how to choose the DFT +U input for the calculation(Single point energy calculation , band structure ) .What should i choose LMAXMIX if i have to apply hubbard correction to both the rare earth elements(Y,Ce,Pr,Dy,etc) and the transition elements(Fe,Cr,Mn..) ? In vaspwiki it is mentioned that LMAXMIX is 4 for d-elements and 6 for f-elements.But I have both.here i am attachng the INCAR file .....
Global Parameters
ISTART = 1 (Read existing wavefunction; if there)
# ISPIN = 2 (Spin polarised DFT)
# ICHARG = 11 (Non-self-consistent: GGA/LDA band structures)
LREAL = Auto (Projection operators: automatic)
ENCUT = 600 (Cut-off energy for plane wave basis set, in eV)
PREC = High (Precision level)
LWAVE = .TRUE. (Write WAVECAR or not)
LCHARG = .TRUE. (Write CHGCAR or not)
ADDGRID= .TRUE. (Increase grid; helps GGA convergence)
# LVTOT = .TRUE. (Write total electrostatic potential into LOCPOT or not)
# LVHAR = .TRUE. (Write ionic + Hartree electrostatic potential into LOCPOT or not)
# NELECT = (No. of electrons: charged cells; be careful)
# LPLANE = .TRUE. (Real space distribution; supercells)
# NPAR = 4 (Max is no. nodes; don't set for hybrids)
# NWRITE = 2 (Medium-level output)
# KPAR = 2 (Divides k-grid into separate groups)
# NGX = 500 (FFT grid mesh density for nice charge/potential plots)
# NGY = 500 (FFT grid mesh density for nice charge/potential plots)
# NGZ = 500 (FFT grid mesh density for nice charge/potential plots)
EDIFF = 1.0E-06
ALGO=Fast
Lattice Relaxation
NSW = 55 (number of ionic steps. Make it odd.)
ISMEAR = 0 (gaussian smearing method )
SIGMA = 0.05 (please check the width of the smearing)
IBRION = 2 (Algorithm: 0-MD; 1-Quasi-New; 2-CG)
ISIF = 2 (optimize atomic coordinates and lattice parameters)
EDIFFG = -1.0E-03 (Ionic convergence; eV/AA)
PREC = High (Precision level)
LDAU = True #switches on DFT+U
LDAUJ = 0 0 0 0 # J values (For LDAUTYPE=2 , Ueff = U-J)
LDAUL = 3 -1 2 -1 #l-quantum number (-1 : no U,
LDAUPRINT = 1 # 0:silent, 1: write occupancy matrix to OUTCA,
LDAUTYPE = 2 #The simplified approach to the DFT+U , introduced by Dudarev et al.
LDAUU = 4.0 0 3.0 0 # for La :4.0 , Ba:0 , Mn:3.0, O:0 ( U values in eV)
LMAXMIX = 6 # 4 for d-electrons, 6 for f-electrons
LASPH = .TRUE.
and the POSCAR file too..
generated by phonopy
1.0
3.9178000000000002 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000
0.0000000000000000 3.9178000000000002 0.0000000000000000
0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 7.8070000000000004
La Ba Mn O
1 1 2 6
Direct
0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000
0.0000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.5000000000000000
0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.7548999999999999
0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.2451000000000001
0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.0000000000000000
0.0000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.7626999999999999
0.5000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.7626999999999999
0.0000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.2373000000000001
0.5000000000000000 0.0000000000000000 0.2373000000000001
0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000
Sorry if the Post is lengthy , It's just for elaboration of my doubt. Any suggestion is highly appreciated. Thank You !!
I am currently working on the Rare Earth Element Mineralization of Parts of Minna sheet 164, North Central, Nigeria. I have normalized my data but can't seem to find the proper application for it. Any insight and resources will be appreciated.
In a system containing rare earth, I have doped divalent Sr replacing trivalent rare-earth element. With doping I found a decreases in grain size, decrease in dielectric constant at low frequency and increase in dielectric loss. What could be the possible reason?
I'm researching a series of U-REE-Cu-Au deposits in Australia, which host REE in epidote-group minerals. Following the approach of Deer, Howie and Zussman, I calculated the chemical formulas based on EPMA data using 12 ideal O, 8 ideal cations and all Fe as Fe3+.
I tried correcting the total Fe content for Fe2+ and Fe3+ following Droop (1987). However, this approach doesn't seem to work well. I think it's because the minerals are slightly metamict and contain vacancies.
I'm also trying to recreate the REE vs Al plot of Petrik et al (1995) and use it to estimate the Fe3+ to total Fe ratio. However, I can't find formulas to calculate the ratios of Fe3+ to total Fe based on this plot. Does anyone have the formulas or could recommend a publication that explains the workflow?
Thank you,
Christina Loidolt
I am doing some leaching experiments now on metal-bearing wastes using citric acid as lixiviant. The metals of interest are REE, Co, Mo and V. Is there any specific method for each of them to be precipitated from organic (citrate) PLS? Or are the standard methods (e.g. precipitation of V using ammonia solutions) suitable for organic PLS?
I would like to know what is a reasonable price for rare earth minerals (e.g. cerium fluorocarbon, monazite, ionic, yttrium phosphate, brown yttrium niobium, etc.) in the international market, putting aside all political biases?
There seems to be a disagreement between the world's largest rare earths exporter (China) and other rare earths demand countries on this issue, (in fact I don't want to use the politically charged terms "China" and "West" to divide the two academic communities) In the "Chinese" academic community, scholars often criticize that the international trade market for rare earths is now a "buyer's monopoly" market, the export price of rare earths is so low that it cannot compensate for the environmental pollution and losses caused by mining. This is tantamount to China providing implicit subsidies to sellers at the cost of environmental pollution. (Luo et al., 2022)
However, the more dominant view among academics in REE-demanding countries is that the international REE market is a "seller's monopoly" and that China's REE trade policy is aimed at maximizing profits. (Muller et al., 2015) What's more important is that rare earth prices are significantly and negatively correlated with the extent of new energy promotion (Massari & Ruberti, 2012)
Let us discuss this question without bias, whether there is a reasonable price in the international trade market for rare earths such that.
1, for rare earth exporting countries, a price that compensates the user value and environmental value of non-renewable minerals while meeting the development costs and normal profits
2, for the importing countries, this price will not hinder the development and promotion of industries that depend on rare earth minerals (such as new energy, etc.).
And, most importantly, what is the literature that discusses the relationship between the two and calculates the possible appropriate price for rare earths?
I think we have to explore this issue, after all, for all countries, maximizing welfare is the ultimate goal of trade, not political interests.
Our team in Iran is working on processing of gold, lead, zinc, lithium, rubidium, rare earth elements ores. Despite the success in conducting some processing methods, the lack of access to modern technologies such as QEMScan has made it difficult for us to analyze the results and optimize the processing methods. For example, after the concentration of gold-bearing pyrite with a recovery of about 70%, the gold in the tailings should be analyzed in a suitable way to determine the distribution of gold in the tailings. Is there a laboratory or a team ready to cooperate in this field? collaboration may be in exchange for services and payment of fees or in the form of joint research work. Our team is ready for both options.
I observed a positive relationship between Sr and £REEs in my limestone geochemistry, and would like to know if there are other indices which could be used to explain such relationship, as interpretation based on Sr has limitations. Secondly, can I use trace elements ratios like Al/K, Mg/Ca, etc (or weathering indices) be used to provide a clue to paleo-climatic conditions? How can this be achieved?
Where I can find the refractive index of 8YSZ, La2Zr2O7, Gd2Zr2O, Sm2Zr2O7, Nd2Zr2O7 or other zirconates of rare earth elements?
Is this true for the HREE-enriched indicates garnet-bearing samples and LREE-enriched indicates garnet-free samples??
Q1: In many articles on jadeite and jadeitite(Shi 2008,CÁRDENAS-PÁRRAGA2021, Meng 2016, Abduriyim2017, et al.), scholars draw spider diagram based on trace element data and REE from LA-CIP-MS. But the number of elements in the horizontal coordinate is often different. What is the principle on which this is selected?
Q2: When some of the results of the test are below the detection limit(bdl) , or the corresponding elements are not detected (nd), how should they be reflected in the diagram?
I am based in the UK, can anyone tell me where I can get an ICP-MS calibration standard for
Element - Raw Contaminant Stream (ppm) *** main element required.
Ce - >10000 ***
Dy - 49 ***
Er - 22
Eu - 49
Gd - 127
Ho -5
La- >10000 ***
Lu - 10
Nd - 2162 ***
Pr - 330 ***
Sc - <1
Sm - 150
Tb - 5 ***
Tm - 1
Y - 240
Yb -6
Dear science community!
I need your help, please!
I`m totally disapointed and at a loss!
In 2020 (at the end of October) there were the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (ICoSiET 2020). Me and my colegues took part in these conference. As the result (like a result of any other conference) the thesis collection should have been published (at the 4th quarter of the 2020)). Unfortanately, these collection still haven`t publised (despite the fact that 2021 is already at its end).
So, I wonder, if there are anybody, who know something about this situation? Maby there are any of those who also waiting for their thesis?
We have wrote lots of messages to the organizators and the head of the university (in which this conference took place) but they stoped to respond us.
I think this situation shows disrespect for the conference participants. And I believe that such situations should be inlighted in our community!
Thank you, for your attention!
Hi, all.
I have a set of cumulate rocks formed by the accumulation of plagioclase and biotite. The proportion of plagioclase is around 55%-60%. However, the whole-rock geochemical data show a strong negative Sr anomaly in the primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns. Any potential interpretations for such a chemical characteristic?
Thank you, guys.
Hi, please help me resolve this doubt! I am doing some sediment studies, and I am analysing trace metals and Rare Earths elements with icp-ms.
Once obtained the concentrations, I don't know how to choose which of the rare earth isotopes is the correct one. Is there a protocol or are there studies in the literature that might indicate this? Thanks in advance!
Hai,
Please help!!
I am doing a study on REE in some rivers.
To find the relative enrichment of LREE or HREE how should I do.
I did the normal calculation of Sum of LREE/sum of HREE and if the value is greater than 1 it LREE enrichment and Less than 1 HREE. However, I did this simple calculation in the Obtained concentration of data from ICP-MS and I am getting a High LREE enrichment.
The problem I am facing is this is not the case for a normalized pattern where if I do the above calculation it shows HREE enrichment and also the spider plot show the same. I also did some other ratio calculations with normalized data all showing HREE enrichment.
Which should I follow? the normalized data or non-normalized data to find the REE Enrichment of my water samples.
It would also be a kind gesture if anyone can provide me with the equation to calculate the REE enrichment for example for (La/Lu)PAAS.
thank you for your kind consideration
I am a new researcher in the field of Carbonatite. I have samples from northeastern India I thought it is carbonatite but geochemically it does not show any characteristics of Carbonatite like LREE enrichment and total REE content or (trace element like Ba, Sr).
I didn't get any apatite in petrography but I found spinel, olivine, and tremolite so I think that it might be marble or meta carbonate.
So I need tools to resolve this problem. whether it is carbonatite or not
I have geochemical data of sedimentary sequence. From XRD data I got signatures of certain clay minerals like smectite and Kaolinite. But I need the quantitative analysis to find out the percentage of clay from certain sedimentary units. Also, I have XRF and ICP-MS data of the same sequence. Is there any way to get the quantitative clay percentage from major oxides/Trace/ REE?
I am working with REE geochemical data for statistical analysis. I normalized the data with PAAS value and now the question is I wanted to know if enriched in my data LREE or HREE?
1) Should I Divide the LREE concentration obtained from the ICP-MS with the HREE concentration from the ICP-MS or should I do the same division with the PAAS normalized data.
(The Spider plot from PAAS shows HREE enrichment in my data but the ratio of LREE/HREE from the ICP-MS shows LREE enrichment.
2) I have seen some calculated ratios such as La/Yb and It has a flow up the equation
(La/Yb)N = (La/Ybsample) / (La/YbPAAS), although I have never found this equation in any paper that I referred to and wanted to know if anyone knows the equation to calculate the LREE/HREE, LREE/MREE, MREE/HREE enrichment (please kindly mentioned if this calculation is also done using the ICP-MS or the PAAS normalized like the above-mentioned equation.
Thank you for your kind consideration
kindly help me to clear these doubts...
1) How to interpret the sum REE value should I do the Sum of REE with the PAAS normalised data or with the original concentration obtained from the ICP-MS.
2) While doing my research I found much paper which shows pH influence in the REE value but for my area in the Alps region I was not getting any correlation with pH and I been trying to analyse if there any other correlation with other physical parameters such as Ec or even ionic strength but found no luck. I even try cluster and PCA analysis.
3) will it be ok if I conclude my study with the statement no correlation with lithology or these parameters are present in the given samples and further studies with other physical data are required?
I am also attaching my cluster analysis data and PCA analysis data for kind reference
Thank you
Can anyone tell me which is best method for normalisation of BIF and which equation are to be used for evaluating the anomaly of different REEs. I have observed several authors use different equation and normalisation.
Please suggest
I have bulk rock analysis (trace and rare earth elements) for some granitic plutons and I need to use these analysis to identify the type of alteration. On the other hand I need to know the elements that indicate if the rock is alter or fresh.
I have test samples containing Radium, if i remove the Radium under controlled conditions along with the REE's, is there a cost effective process for the utilisation or disposal of Radium and is it commercially viable?
if its classed a radiative concentrated waste, does anyone have a method and cost for the disposal of Radium in todays world market.
Hello!
Can you, please, help me to find the information about formation of complex compounds of rare earth elements with chloride anion.
I`m interested particulary the necessary chloride concentration for stable complexes formation.
Thanks a lot!
Can you please tell me if there are anionic sulfate complexes of rare earth elements?
And, if so, can you advise sources where you could read about it.
Thank you!
1. I measured REY concentrations for weathered whole rocks (anorthosite complex, syenitic rocks, metamorphic complex) and each clay fraction extracted therefrom. The results showed good correlation between Eu/Eu* anomaly and total REY concentrations.
2. In addition, diagram of (Th+U)n vs. REY concentrations also showed good correlation.
I want to understand the REY fractionation based on physico-chemical factors such as electrovalence and ionic radii.
I need to know the particle size for the test, concentration of acid, amount of sample to be tested and the apparatus to be used as well as how to analyze the solution.
I am first time trying to use some REE plots and I am unable to find the equation for obtaining the Sm/Sm* and Nd/Nd*, I have searched in books but not able to find the proper equation.
I was looking for an effective way to remove electrodeposited rare earth elements (REEs) from the substrates. Any suggestions, references will be greatly appreciated! Thanks.
We are working on geochemical analysis of sediments derived from eastern and western ghats of India.
Hi,
I'm looking for some info/examples that permit me to calculate the detection limit in EDS system. I know the rule that the peak (cps) should be >3(bkg)^1/2, but I'm interested to calculate the ppm amount detectable. Many thx in advantage for help.
Regards,
Hi!
I`ve found a lot of articles in which REMs are devided into light, medium and heavy groups, and it`s quite easy, ok. But I still can`t find information about Eu and Gd separation.
Is it possible to divide(without using 100steps extraction and very expensive extragents) so close in properties elements?
And one more question, is it possible to quantify individual REMs in their mixture?
Thanks!
* PMN Primitive mantle normalized
**La and Sm both are usually more incompatible than Yb
Can anyone recommend some papers on how to discriminate the origin of rutile and monazite,using BSE features,trace element ratios or REE patterns,etc. Thanks a lot.
How can separate of rare earth element from a mixture of calcium oxide and rare earth oxide
the calcium is a critical problem which interfere with every methods used for uptake or precipitate of rare earth so if anyone can help me for remove of calcium
thank you so much
Dear professors, I have a question about rare earth elements in the bone repair process. As we all know, rare earth elements like lanthanides are toxic, but I have seen some reports that low concentrations of rare earth elements will promote it to a certain extent The differentiation of osteoblasts and the inhibition of the reproduction of osteoclasts. Is there a certain basis for this statement? Can experiments in this area be tried? Or that rare earth elements are heavy metals and are not beneficial to bone regeneration.
If the professor knows the answer, I hope you can answer it for me. Thank you very much!
Two andesitic samples have significant Tb negative anomaly. The same ones also have Pr negative anomaly which I can explain by a late apatite crystallisation and many apatite inclusions in phenocrysts. I cannot find any information on Tb.
I have to make comments on some plots of geochemical data and I need to get better understanding of how elements get enriched or depleted during crystallization.
I have come across some REE data that seems to show, when correctly normalized, strong positive anomalies in Ce and less so in Nd and Dy and strong negative anomalies in Pr. Later analyses of similar material show smoother normalised distributions. Is this a well known instrumental error? Is there some sort of interference going on?
I am planning to work on the mineralogy of the rock and lateritic soil samples of the Bingo carbonatite complex in order to determine its REE-bearing minerals and determine its REE prospectivity. I would like to know which method I should use to get reliable results. Thanks for your answers.
How to calculate La/La* and Eu/Eu* values
Textural analysis of zircons is the first step of study that allows selection of targets for geochemical and isotope analysis (Hf isotopes, REE, 18O, etc.), which are necessary to understand geotectonic conditions of its formation and also its inheritance. Could someone want to tell me if the textural study of the core allows us to go so far as to determine if the zircon was detrital before receiving an overgrowth in, for example, a migmatite?
Hi,
I am currently working in a project on extracting REE from ionic clay sources and wondered whether SPC can be used to determine the process capability of the extraction. For example, plotting recovery rate of 30 trial runs of extraction and calculating Cpk value?
In the hydrothermal system, such as skarn deposit, the garnet always have rhythmic components zonatrion. The major and trace element always different in the adjacent rings. How to explain this phenomenon? even the REE pattens are also changing between different adjacent rings. Why? Impulse type of fluid from the intrusions is enough or some thing alse?
I'm trying to find the partition coefficient for REE in fluorite. There have been a few papers which say they have a Kd value but do not specifically state what it is in the paper. When I go through their references, I can't seem to find the value in those papers either.
I have fluorite from 2 districts and I have done LA-ICP-MS analysis on the fluorite. It is the the goal to try to deduce the REE concentration in the fluid based on the concentration in the fluorite. Does anyone have a good reference on the partition coefficient? I appreciate it.
Can we distinguish primary or metamorphic origin of a mineral based on there REE and trace element pattern ?
Dear Community,
I'm searching the following paper, cause I've got no access to this journal!
could you please send me the pdf of this paper?
Rare earth element characteristics and K–Ar ages of the Band Ziarat ophiolite complex, southeastern Iran
A. A. Hassanipak, A. Mohamad Ghazi, J. M. Wampler
I am working on apatite REE chemistry.
I have a solution that contains tributyl phosphate (TBP) and I need to digest it for ICP-OES. I will be looking at rare earth elements (REE). I do not have any experience with TBP and from everything I have read it looks like it may be acid resistant. I do not have access to a perchloric acid hood. Any other suggestions?
After many years of research about synthesis of nanaparticles, it is good to ask a question about what is more promising in the future to guide our research work. My question is: do you think that we need to focus more on metal oxide or metal ferrite composites or we still need to work more on both? Is it better to dope metal oxides and metal ferrites by transition metal or rare earth elements?
How to normalize the REEs to the the shale references (PAAS or NASC)? Is it as simple as dividing the REE value by the reference one?
The occurrence of negative Y anomaly in the chondrite normalized REE patterns in carbonatite is unusual, as Y is isovalent and cannot readily fractionate from its twin Ho in magmatic processes. Rare examples of such Y signatures in carbonatite was reported from the Kalkfeld and Ondurakorume complexes (Bühn 2008).
Hi, All Professors and Researchers.
Unfortunately, there are not accurate analytical facilities in Iran and the budget of my department (Geology division of Urmia University) is frozen to support me for further and detailed analyses. Therefore, I'm looking for research collaborator to carry out ICP-MS, SEM, and EPMA analyses to investigate the behavior of ore-related trace and REE elements on powdered samples. My ph.D thesis is about Sediment hosted copper deposits of NW Iran. Thank you.
The composition of the main elements, trace elements and rare earth elements contained in rocks certainly greatly affects the strength of the rock. Is there a relationship between the chemical composition of rocks exposed to geological structures and rocks that are not exposed to structures?
A reviewer asked me to comment on why the REE are enriched in the magnesiocarbonatite relative to the calcite carbonatite, at Ngualla, Tanzania. My reading around the subject of REE and carbonatites suggest that REE are more concentrated in magnesiocarbonatites and ferrocarbonatites relative to calcite carbonatites, globally; not just at Ngualla. And yet, I have never read an explanation for this association. Can anybody point me in the right direction, please?
I replace the iron ion with a rare earth ion of concentration between 0 and 0.2. The particle size decreased till a concentration 0.12 and then increased again for a concentration 0.2. The synthesis method used is co-precipitation.