Rapid Prototyping - Science topic

Nekin Joshua This is a very important question that comes to our mind whenever we start to procure the raw filament for FDM-related experiments. I was also in the same situation trying to find out, a few years before.

Answer:

Yes, the colour of the 3D printing filament does affect various material properties including mechanical strength. The common colourants used in the filaments can be pigments, dyes, masterbatches, or pearlescent powders. In FDM 3D printing, where various colours of filament are used, it is possible that some of the colouring agents present in the filaments may also act as nucleating agents, thus, influencing the crystallization rate of the material being printed. The modified crystallization rate can result in variations in stiffness, strength, and other mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the impact of colouring agents on crystallization rate and mechanical strength can vary depending on the specific material and colouring agents used. Colourant additives in FDM filaments can also play a role in the gap size or the flow characteristics of the material during the printing process, thus showing different properties for different coloured filaments. Therefore, it is important to consider the composition of the raw filaments and conduct appropriate testing and analysis to assess the effects on material properties when using colored filaments in FDM 3D printing. For better results, consider the pure form of genuine pallets (Free from colourant) and create your own filaments to be used for experiments.

One of the important literature considering PLA and its various colours impacting the material properties is :

Ultem is a material that can be printed by some FDM machines, however these are typically classed as high temperature FDM machines. The main differences being they have a heated chamber, heated build platform and increased nozzle temperature range.

It can be printed however not all standard FDM machines will have the capability required.

It is depend on criteria you are after whether it is robustness, surface finish, accuracy etc. in which they can limit your options for Ex. if you are after plastic products with high accuracy and surface finish, MJF and Stereolithography would be the best options.

SLA or MJM would be best. As others have mentioned, support removal is a big issue. Another is that the walls of conchi are very thin, so FDM would likely fail. As mentioned in earlier comment, support removal is the biggest issue with SLA. One solution is print several parts to allow access for support removal. I think using MJM with water soluble supports (e.g. Stratasys Vero Clear) followed by dipped clear coating would give best results. Here are links to some examples we made a few years ago using SLA (before MJP water soluble supports were available):

https://www.biomodel.com/images/gallery_img/air/sinuses_split.jpg

https://www.biomodel.com/images/gallery_img/air/sinuses_profile.jpg

Hi Karol,

Maybe SAXS?

Hi Ian!

Have you ever done yeast chromatin shearing using the ME220 Covaris machine? I'm wondering if that model works for yeast chromatin.

Thanks!!

Peggy

There seems to be a number of publications going in this direction, see the attached ones.

@Mohd, I'm sceptical on the quality that will result from (unmixed) previously used ABS  material. Also the recycling of FDM printer waste will probably require more specialised equipment besides a wire extrude, e.g. for shredding the material.

Real-time simulators are very important in many areas, where real plants are very expensive. Regarding powers systems, I have particular interests in the field of wind energy. It is not easy to have an experimental real multi-MW wind turbine. Therefore, we are developing a real time simulator with a PLC as hardware in the loop.

A less quantitative way is the 'benchy' boat build. It's intended to pack features into a very small build volume so that it's fast to produce and evaluate, which helps when you are iteratively tweaking your settings.

Hi

I think that the best book is 

Gibson, Ian, Rosen, David, Stucker, Brent,  "Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing"

I found it very clear, with complete description of available technologies.

You can use metallic AM processes such 3D laser cladding or powder bed fusion. And then do a heat treatment.

Dear Mrs. Sanjita Namata,

For modeling and rapidprototyping of products you can use all standard programs for 3D modeling (ProEngineer/ Creo, Catia, SoliWorks, Inventor, NX....). For 3D scaners I sugest CREAFORM scaners, but you can use and all others.

Best regards,

If you are sancasting the base part, you can give the form of parrt I to make a locking device and permit the assembly of the part II.  Now if part II has a male thread made in the same part we are left with a three part assembly in which you can just turn part I whereas part ii is locked from it's rotating degree of freedom, keeping the displacement.

Hi Robert,

There is an algorithm has been developped by Schnurr et al. (2011) in which tey developped a type of calculation to find to resection depth of tibia. I don't know if this study will can help you, but maybe it will clarify your ideas. In any way, I found some others papers which can deal with this subject.

Sincerely yours,

Dear Umair, did you measure the CTE of the PLA ? I would be interested in the value you found !

Dear friend, very interesting question. I am interested to your question and will explain in detail soon (similar to my case). A bit hurry for this time, please remind me.

However, the easiest way is searching the related document by typing the keywords into google scholar. You will find some related articles.

If yet to find the articles, do not hesitate to let me know. InsyaALLAH I will help you in detail.

Good luck. Dr Zol Bahri - Universiti Malaysia Perlis

Start-up company MarkForged is now selling $5,000 3D printers that print carbon-fiber parts.

The Mark One is the world’s only composite 3D printer capable of reinforcing parts with continuous carbon fiber, Kevlar®, and fiberglass.

Now you can print functional parts with a higher strength-to-weight than aluminum, at your desk. Please see the link here.

The Mark One printers — roughly 13 x 14 x 22 in. to make parts to 6.25 x 6.25 x 12 in.

Parts made with Composite Filament Fabrication (CFF) are printed in a thermoplastic matrix of layers that incorporate continuous strands of reinforcing fibers. The long strands carry loads down the entire part, for a stronger part overall.

Follow the link to reach the paper related to the subject.

The concept of programming is feasible with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

Gate arrays are good things to implement a desired function. Instead of collecting components and mounting on a PCB to realize a digital function, we can use FPGAs with software programming.

An FPGA board and software program can do it.

By programming in verilog, we can generate prototype circuits.

This process saves the time and money.

It means that the sucess of the process depends on a large number of variables of this mixture (feedstock), like powder size and powder/binder relative contents and homogeneity, viscosity dependence of temperature, injection pressure and so on. Please look at some appointments at Randall German's book for better insight. I hope this will help you.

I believe that steam turbines should only be taken from service and dismantled for overhaul if there is a good economical or technically compelling reason.  I recall two machines that operated for 17 years before overhaul.   A close watch was kept on internal condition by regular performance and vibration  monitoring. OEM advice should of course be taken into account if they have experience of any particular issue with similar designs or components. 

To speed up the outage period, steam forced cooling can enable a turbine to be stopped inside a day rather than taking a few days by natural cooling.  Air forced cooling has been used to further reduce cooling time but that needs some equipment and minor turbine modification 

I have developed image processing and mesh generation software that is compatible with DICOM through my company Simpleware. We can export STL and IGES files for analysis and RP. The software is particularly robust at exporting FE and CFD models from image data. More information is available at www.simpleware.com.

Kruss tensiometer (K 100) has offer a good methodology for hydrophilicity measurement of powders. The results are very reliable, I hope that this instrument should resolve your problem

Search in cfxonline, you may find some tutorial

The layer thickness is a parameter which indicates the accuracy of the printing an saturation level:after printing model don´t have high strength( if U use for example printer which print model from the powder) U must usu finaling model ic cianoacrilate or molten wax. It´s a property as able to soak up the fluid model

Dear Ng Kei Hoa, dear colleagues, the question is interesting indeed, please let me provide view, hoping it may help:

It is true that rapid prototyping usually uses additive manufacturing technologies (both industrial complex machines, such as stereolithography, selective laser sintering..., and low-cost 3D printers), but not always.

Rapid prototyping refers in fact to the fast manufacture of prototypes for different purposes including ergonomic and visual trials, assessment of functional performance, supporting parts to other processes. In many cases, such rapid prototypes are also obtained by means of high speed computer numerical control machining or using rapid form copying processes, after obtaining initial models.

Additive manufacture makes reference to any manufacturing technology using layer-by-layer or drop-by-drop processes. In many cases, these AMTs are used for obtaining prototypes, as they are not normally oriented towards production of large series. However, in recent years, more and more AMTs are being used for final parts, especially when the geometries are complex or for the incorporation of special functionalities.

Dear Swayam Bikash Did you get any progress in the above mentioned problem ??

Dear Ankit,

In the heating chamber of the 3D printer will be really difficult (to get a really homogeneus mixture) and probably you will have clogged problems in the nozzle.

I think a better option is to use a extruder plastic machine to fabricate your own plastic material. You can find one of them in ebay for about 300 euros. In the extruder you can mix plastic with metal and other inorganic material and create your own ABS or PLA-based material with particles inside.

The new plastic filaments can be feeded to the printer (still you can have problems in the nozzle!)

I think, mr T. Grimm has been making regularly good benchmarking of 3D printing technologies. You may visit http://tagrimm.com/benchmark-2010/index.html , it is reviewed both technical and economical aspect.