Radiology - Science topic

Medical students' rotations in radiology at a teaching hospital

This article describes the clinical case of a 60-year-old Patient who is currently in complete remission of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas almost ten years after diagnosis. The Patient had a disease recurrence at the end of post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy and was subsequently treated with a combination of chemotherapy, phy...

Pneumatocele Pneumothorax Maternal-fetal exchange Case report a b s t r a c t Throughout the literature, many pathologic lung lesions and complications following coro-navirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have been reported including pneumatocele formation which could potentially lead to pneumothorax development. This case report discusses the...

Validation of machine learning algorithms that take health data as input is analysed, leveraging on an example from radiology. A 2-year study of AI use in a university hospital and a connected medical university indicated what was often forgotten by human decision makers in the clinic and by medical researchers. A nine-item laundry list that does n...

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood intussusception is a common surgical emergency. The current practice for non-operative management in Sri Lanka is ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction (USGHR). This retrospective study aims to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this procedure even in a setting of delayed presentation. Method: We explore out...

Humeral resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) entails the substitution of the articular surface alone with a prosthetic cap without a humeral stem. It is a more conservative procedure which can be easily converted in a total (anatomical or reverse) arthroplasty, if necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiographical outcomes in...

Introduction The Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) exhibited a sensitivity for tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic performance. Research that directly compared the clinical performance of ddPCR analysis, mNGS, and Xpert in mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) infection has not been conducted. Methods T...

Radiological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the main steps in treatment planning. T (tumor size), DOI (depth of invasion) (AJCC 8th edition), and nodal metastases (N+) were evaluated using CT and MRI to assess the most effective imaging method. The effectiveness of the radiological imaging methods was compared with histo...

Objective: To validate a deep learning (DL) model for bone age estimation in individuals in the city of São Paulo, comparing it with the Greulich and Pyle method. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of hand and wrist radiographs obtained for the determination of bone age. The manual analysis was performed by an experienced radio...

Background: Tibial plateau fractures are one of the leading causes of joint dysfunction in major weight-bearing joints. Maintained articular surface, uniform plateau level, and a near-normal range of knee joint motion can all be preserved following the appropriate surgical guidelines. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows:...

Background: Hydrocephalus is a disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology, resulting in an abnormal enlargement of the ventricles due to excessive accumulation of CSF. Although neurosurgical treatment has evolved over time with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) as the standard of care, procedure-related complications and poor long-term cogniti...

Fast-track pathways for diagnosing esophageal or gastric cancer (EGC) have been implemented in several European countries. In Sweden, symptoms such as dysphagia, early satiety, and other alarm symptoms call for a referral for gastroscopy, according to the Swedish Standardized Course of Care (SCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosti...

Background: Previous studies have identified various risk factors for adjacent segment disease (ASD) at the L5-S1 level after fusion surgery, including preoperative sagittal imbalance, longer fusion, and preoperative disc degeneration. However, only a few studies have explored the risk factors for ASD at the L5-S1 level after oblique lumbar interbo...

Resumo Objetivo: Validar em indivíduos paulistas um modelo de aprendizado profundo (deep learning - DL) para estimativa da idade óssea, comparando-o com o método de Greulich e Pyle. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal com radiografias de mão e punho para idade óssea. A análise manual foi feita por um radiologista experiente. Foi usado um modelo...

A tool called LARCalc, for calculating the radiological consequences of accidental large scale nuclear power plant releases based on estimates of ¹³⁷ Cs ground deposition, is presented. LARCalc is based on a previously developed models that has been further developed and packaged into an easy-to-use decision support tool for training of decision ma...

The study found that the activity concentrations of the radionuclides ²³⁸ U, ²³² Th and ⁴⁰ K in the sandstone are 32 ± 13, 29.6 ± 12.2, and 132.6 ± 86.4 Bq kg ⁻¹ , respectively. These values are lower than the reported worldwide limits of 33, 45, and 412 Bq kg ⁻¹ . According to the present study, the absorbed dose rate (D air ), the annual effectiv...

Purpose To compare union rate, union time, alignment, and complication rate in ipsilateral tibia plateau and shaft fractures treated via suprapatellar intramedullary nailing with screw fixation and minimally invasive locking plate fixation. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 48 patients who underwent minimally invasive pl...

Recent studies have shown that distal radius fractures (DRFs) in elderly patients can be treated nonoperatively with good functional results after 1 year. However, scientific evidence regarding longer follow-up to assess posttraumatic arthritis (PA), complications, and functional outcomes is scarce. This prospective case series aimed to evaluate th...

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common type among Iranian women and is only diagnosed when it reaches the advanced stages of the disease in 70% of cases. In 50% of cases, the evaluated diameter is more than 5 cm when detected. 1,2 The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing in many countries. Patients with breast cancer experience a dimini...

The fabella is an inconstant sesamoid bone. A handful of cases have been reported so far describing fabella fracture, usually involving high energy mechanism or stress fractures after total knee arthroplasty. This paper presents a fabella fracture in a man in his 40s after suffering a car crash, the clinical and radiographic presentation, treatment...

Background and Objectives: Stable fixation is essential for successful healing after medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) to minimize the risk of non-union and correction loss. In Asians, potential complications such as D-hole screw osteotomy plane violation (D-hole violation) and inadequate plate fitting arise due to improper plate siz...

We present a rare case of Multifocal Ewing sarcoma with pancreatic and cutaneous metastasis in a 13-year-old boy who initially presented with unprovoked epistaxis and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Distinguishing Ewing sarcoma from similar sinonasal tumours is challenging through clinical and radiological assessments alone, necessitating preci...

This case report describes a skeletal remains from the archaeological site Košice – Baštová, in which an oval perforation was observed in lower one-third of the body of the sternum. After anthropometric measurements and X-ray examination it was determined that the perforation was 3.97 mm (length) × 5.10 mm (width) in size and represented a developm...

Pendahuluan: Keterlibatan usus besar dalam tuberkulosis adalah kejadian langka, dan koeksistensi karsinoma kolon dengan lesi tuberkulosis di usus besar lebih jarang dilaporkan. Karsinoma dan tuberkulosis dapat terjadi pada tempat yang sama atau pada situs yang berbeda di usus besar. Terjadinya dua patologi di tempat yang sama jauh lebih jarang terj...

Background In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques in medical imaging, including for the purpose of automating quality assurance. In this research, we aimed to develop and evaluate various deep learning-based approaches for automatic quality assurance of Magnetic...

LATAR BELAKANG : Sebuah penelitian yang membandingkan karakteristik pasien yang meninggal karena infeksi COVID-19 mendapatkan hasil bahwa kasus kematian banyak ditemukan pada pasien dengan riwayat komorbid seperti hipertensi, diabetes, penyakit jantung, penyakit ginjal, dan penyakit paru kronis, dan keganasan. Salah satu definisi probable COVID- 19...

MRI is the modality of choice for a vast range of pathologies but also a sensitive probe into human physiology and tissue function. For this reason, several methodologies have been developed and continuously evolve in order to non-invasively monitor underlying phenomena in human adipose tissue that were difficult to assess in the past through visua...

Background: Approximately 5%-15% of surgically treated cN0 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are classified as pN2 disease (cN0/pN2). Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a widely accepted minimally invasive nodal staging modality with a high diagnostic yield. We compared the survival outcome of cN0/pN2...

Complete gastroduodenal transaction following blunt abdominal trauma in a road side accident is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. The course of management and choice of surgical intervention depends on clinical presentation; site, size, nature of defect; amount of tissue and blood loss. In this case report, the clinical presentatio...

Background Radiation shielding in radiology has historically been achieved with lead; however, there has been an increasing demand for radiation shielding to be more environmentally friendly. Barium has shown promise as a substitute in many radiology applications. This study aims to investigate a barium sulphate shield in protecting the thyroid and...

Nasal swab testing has been widely used for diagnosing and preventing the spread of pandemic coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Although considered a safe and well-tolerated procedure, some serious complications have been reported. This case report describes a 36-year-old patient who developed continuous aqueous rhinorrhea from the right nasal fossa...

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene on chromosome 13q. The clinical manifestations of WD are varied and occur due to copper accumulation in organs such as the liver and brain. Although there are various laboratory findings and radiological signs suggestive of WD, they are non-specific and ca...

Radiological imaging is an essential component of a swallowing assessment. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning (DL) models, has enhanced the efficiency and efficacy through which imaging is interpreted, and subsequently, it has important implications for swallow diagnostics and intervention planning. However, the application of A...

Background Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging tool for the management of breast cancer patients and for screening women at high risk for breast cancer. Objectives To examine long-term trends in the distribution of histologic diagnoses obtained from MRI-guided breast biopsies. Design Retrospective analysis. Methods We...

Ureteral stone passage by using medical expulsive therapy (MET) are affected by numerous radiological and clinical parameters. We aimed to construct a scoring system, which would be based on clinical and computed tomography (CT)-derived data, to predict the success of the MET approach. 186 patients presenting to urology clinic or emergency departme...

Objective To determine the reliability of an MRI-based qualitative kidney imaging surveillance scoring system (KISSS) and assess which imaging features predict growth rate (GR) of renal tumors in patients with VHL. Materials and methods We identified 55 patients with VHL with 128 renal tumors who underwent intervention from 2015 to 2020 at the Nat...

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare non-malignant fibro-osseous lesion of the craniofacial area with the characteristic of slow-growing and locally aggressive. The incidence rate in paediatric patients is still not clear. The management is varied from observation and serial radiologic imaging to radical resection of the tumour. To provide knowledge an...

This study was aimed to compare the effect of oral steroids and itraconazole in reducing the recurrence in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) patients undergoing ESS. In this randomized controlled trial, 50 patients of both sexes aged between 15-60 years with AFRS were subjected to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). In the post-operative...

Preservation of syndesmotic ligaments is crucial for preventing adverse sequelae at the donor site following free fibula osteocutaneous flap harvesting. This study sought to determine the relationship between distal tibiofibular ligaments and the fibular segment to identify radiological landmarks that facilitate safe and precise flap. The distances...

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon disease of the liver, characterised by obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow tract. The etiological spectrum of BCS as well as venous obstruction pattern show wide geographical and demographic variations across the globe. Compared to adults with BCS, children have primary BCS as the predominant etiology...

Liver transplantation (LT) is the recommended curative-intent treatment for patients with early or intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are ineligible for resection. Imaging plays a central role in staging and for selecting the best LT candidates. This review will discuss recent developments in pre-LT imaging assessment, in particu...

Our purposes were: 1) to estimate the prediction performance (PP) of cytology in identifying papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) subtypes; 2) to explore how the PTC subtypes distribute among the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) categories. Nodules were included if both the histology with the PTC...

Background The Kang MRI grading system for central cervical spinal stenosis has been previously explored in literature. The aim of the current study was to re-visit the system before adopting it into our institute’s cervical spine MRI reports and to evaluate its reliability through measuring the degree of agreement between radiologists of different...

The study evaluates and compares GPT-4 and GPT-4Vision for radiological tasks, suggesting GPT-4Vision may recognize radiological features from images, thereby enhancing its diagnostic potential over text-based descriptions.

A myxoma is a benign intramuscular gelatinous tumor that is rarely known to arise from the scrotum. It can be confused both clinically and radiologically with other more common scrotal wall lesions such as a sebaceous cyst or an abscess. We report a case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with a scrotal wall swelling that was initially suspecte...

Background Limping is a common clinical symptom in childhood; different clinical conditions may lead to limping and the diagnosis of the underlying cause may often be a challenge for the pediatrician. Case presentation We describe the clinical manifestations, radiological pictures and disease course of other causes of limping in childhood, through...

Background and Objectives: The primary method for assessing pelvic floor defects is through physical examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a radiological technique that is useful for identifying the underlying defects of pelvic floor structures that require surgery. The primary aim of this study was to find correspondence between the cli...

The Van Bogaert-Scherer-Epstein Syndrome (VBSES), also known as Van Bogaert-Scherer-Epstein Disease, is an exceedingly rare and enigmatic neurologic disorder characterized by a complex constellation of clinical symptoms and radiographic findings. Despite its scarcity, VBSES has been a subject of intrigue for medical professionals and researchers du...

Surface soil samples were collected from Konya, Turkey and natural activity concentrations were determined using the ɤ-ray spectroscopy system with HPGe detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to vary from 14.07 ± 0.71 Bq kg−1 dw to 67.27 ± 1.62 Bq kg−1 dw, 10.19 ± 2.60 Bq kg−1 dw to 46.09 ± 0.76 Bq kg−1 dw and 107....

This chapter examines the advances and perspectives of the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classification of magnetic resonance (MR) images. It focuses on the development of AI-based automatic classification models that have achieved competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art. Accurate and efficient classification of M...

The present study is an attempt to assess the radiogenic quality of groundwater on the basis of gross α, gross β and tritium (3H or H-3) activities in the Bakreswar-Tantloi geothermal region of Chotanagpur Plateau, West Bengal and Jharkhand, India. The aforesaid parameters in groundwater samples were measured using liquid scintillation counting tri...

Background Incisional hernia occurs approximately in 40% of high-risk patients after midline laparotomy. Prophylactic mesh placement has shown promising results, but long-term outcomes are needed. The present study aimed to assess the long-term incisional hernia rates of the previously conducted PRIMA trial with radiological follow-up.

Background: Kinematic alignment (KA) restores native limb alignment following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The association of this technique with a medial pivot implant design attempts to re-establish the physiological kinematics of the knee. This study aims to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients undergoing MP-TKA with kine...

We present the case of periaortitis which presented initially with left flank pain. A diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) was subsequently made and managed as such. IgG4-RD is rare, can be difficult to diagnose, and requires clinical, serological, radiological and pathological correlation, particularly given that serum IgG4 levels may be no...

Introduction The best way to impart knowledge to medical students is still unclear. Therefore, we designed a blended learning course in thoracic radiology including both “traditional” in-class time as well as online learning modules. The aims were (1) to investigate students’ attitudes toward this blended learning approach; and (2) to test whether...

This case report highlights the Importance of recognising and accurately diagnosing ganglioneuroblastoma, an uncommon variant of neuroblastic tumours in children. Ganglioneuroblastomas have diverse clinical and morphological presentations, and histopathological examination is paramount in guiding treatment decisions, especially in cases with ambig...

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent papilloma along the aerodigestive tract. In this case, we describe a 16‐year‐old with longstanding laryngeal RRP secondary to vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) who presented with symptomatic pulmonary involvement and was successfully treated wi...

Opinion statement Given the considerable heterogeneity in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), it appears unlikely that a sole biomarker exists capable of fully capturing all useful clinical aspects of these tumors. This is reflected in the abundant number of biomarkers presently available for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of NEN patients. A...

The micro-irradiation, neutron metrology and dosimetry laboratory of the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) is a National Metrological Institute associated laboratory, is in charge of the neutron fluence distribution references and produces neutron reference fields. The laboratory is developing a primary neutron-detecto...

Introduction: Partial nephrectomy is the standard of care to patients with small renal masses. It is still encouraged to larger tumours whenever feasible. The aim of this study is to look for the endophytic to total tumour volume ratio as an added variable to study the complexity of partial nephrectomy to patients with T1b/ T2 renal tumours. Method...

Eccrine carcinoma, a subtype of which is ductal eccrine adenocarcinoma (DEA), is a rare cutaneous malignancy. For metastatic eccrine carcinoma, there are very limited data to guide treatment. Conventional chemotherapy is of limited benefit and there is only a small body of evidence for the use of immunotherapy in non-DEA eccrine carcinomas. We repo...

Aim We retrospectively analyse and review the results of microvascular decompression performed for trigeminal neuralgia. We also discuss the surgical nuances, complication avoidance and compare our results with other reported studies. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study in which the data of eighty-four patients who underwent microv...

Macroamylasemia is a rare condition characterized by the formation of an amylase–globulin complex that is too large to be readily excreted by the kidneys and leads to elevated serum amylase levels. It is a benign condition lacking severe signs and symptoms that does not require treatment. This paper presents a case of a middle-aged man with unexpla...

Background. Hepatic angiomyolipomas are uncommon non-cancerous mesenchymal tumors that belong to the perivascular epithelioid cell tumour group. Smooth muscle cells, fat cells and blood vessels can be observed in these types of neoplasm. Case presentation. We present the case of a 50-year-old patient. The patient was referred to the National Cancer...