Radiology - Science topic

While rare, complications following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy includes hemorrhage, ischemia, infection, and vascular abnormalities. This study aimed to present an uncommon case of delayed presentation of a middle meningeal pseudoaneurysm formation after Le Fort I osteotomy. The patient initially presented with pulsatile tinnitus, and the pseudo...

Aneurysms in the V1 segment of the extracranial vertebral artery are extremely rare. Furthermore, half of the cases are giant aneurysms larger than 25 mm. This study reports a case of unruptured giant V1 aneurysm of the right vertebral artery that was successfully treated with endovascular coil embolization. An 85-year-old woman experienced dizzine...

Bronchogenic carcinoma can present with a wide array of symptoms and imaging findings, often mimicking other pulmonary conditions. This case report describes a 66-year-old male fisherman who was initially diagnosed and treated for nonfibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) but was later found to have bronchogenic carcinoma. The overlapping cli...

The shift to remote learning in medical education is rapidly evolving and likely permanent. The recent increase in remote radiology staffing presents challenges for both educators and trainees. However, many of the barriers to teaching can be overcome by technology. The overarching goal in creating a conducive remote teaching environment is to repl...

Introduction: Gouty tophi represent an uncommon outcome of prolonged gout. The urate crystal deposition in soft tissues characterizes it. They can present as tender, soft tissue masses, mimicking benign growths. Elbow tophi are uncommon but can cause significant morbidity. Case Report: A 65-year-old man with a history of chronic gout came in with...

Background As far as we know, no study has investigated spontaneous postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. The objective is to assess the incidence of and associated factors for spontaneous PSI correction in AIS patients. Methods The study evaluated 144 postoperative AIS patients with P...

Background: Preoperative assessment of available options for reconstruction of leg defects is one of the most challenging problems to tackle. Many techniques for mapping the perforators have been reported to guarantee the flap's success. However, primarily concentrate on the site of the perforator. With the size and site direction caliber of the pe...

Aims Limb salvage surgery (LSS) is the primary treatment option for primary bone malignancy. It involves the removal of bone and tissue, followed by reconstruction with endoprosthetic replacements (EPRs) to prevent amputation. Trabecular metal (TM) collars have been developed to encourage bone ingrowth (osseointegration (OI)) into EPRs. The primary...

The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the ophthalmological findings on brain scans. This paper will present uncommon findings that must be noticed during interpreting radiology scans. The eye balls or orbits generally, are in the blind spot during reading a brain scan. The prevalence of these findings is low among all patients, but still se...

The rapid expansion of radiological imaging data has placed a significant burden on radiologists, increasing the risk of diagnostic errors. Vision-language models offer a promising solution to alleviate this workload and improve diagnostic accuracy within the medical imaging domain. However, most current models rely solely on training data to activ...

Background Understanding distribution of published pediatric imaging research in radiology journals is relevant to understanding the state of research in the field. Objective To understand the current state of published original pediatric imaging research in major clinical radiology journals other than Pediatric Radiology. Materials and methods W...

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterised by various systemic manifestations, including sensorineural hearing loss. We present a unique case of a 3.5-year-old girl with genetically confirmed Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, who exhibited typical features alongside rare radiological findings of cystic dilation of the cochlea and...

Background The surgical management guidelines for any intracranial hemorrhage were objectively defined by the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) in 2006 for patients who should be treated surgically or conservatively. Since then, not much work has been done toward the identification of patients who are at high risk and may have progression of the hemato...

Primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma typically presents as diffuse alveolar opacities or mass-forming lesions. However, this study delineates two unique case reports in which patients with a background of persistent dry cough exhibited multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules on radiological imaging. These nodules, initially mimicking metastatic lesions, w...

Introduction: Endodontically treated teeth require restoration to ensure long-term survival and function. Proper post-space preparation is crucial for successful restoration.

Genito Urinary Radiology Section

En la actualidad la función de los médicos de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) es fundamental en la detección temprana y el manejo de varias enfermedades. Uno de los aspectos clave para lograr un análisis clínico preciso y oportuno es el uso de la imagenología como herramienta complementaria en la evaluación de los pacientes. Es importante desta...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the structural characteristics of the styloid process (SP) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in patients with maxillofacial diseases. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of elongated styloid process (ESP) and its relationship to gender in the study population. Radiographic...

Purpose: To analyze the evolution of various radiological examinations requested for patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) of a University Hospital. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data on MRI, CT scan, Ultrasound (US), and X-ray activities, along with ED patient admissions over a ten-year period from 2014 to 2023. The patient data...

Introduction: Managing uncommon metastatic sites from different solid tumors is challenging since no available guidelines define the best therapeutic approaches for these rare clinical events. Thus, malignancies giving rise to distant metastases involving infrequent anatomical regions are often associated with a poor prognosis. Case Presentation: W...

Purpose This radiologic work aimed to display the alteration in the crista galli (CG) morphology in the pediatric population with advancing age. Methods This pediatric examination consisted of computed tomography images of 180 subjects (90 males / 90 females) aged 1–18 years. The width (CGW), height (CGH) and length (CGL) of CG were measured, and...

Purpose To assess the benefits of using the touched vertebra (TV) rule in Lenke classification for thoracic curves of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods A total of 141 AIS patients with thoracic curves determined by Suk classification were divided based on whether the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) matched the TV into groups of mTV...

Background To identify the clinical and imaging characteristics of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the trunk and extremities that undergo unplanned excision. Methods This retrospective study evaluated the data of patients with STS in the trunk or extremities between January 2008 and December 2021. Patients were divided into unplanned and planned exc...

Purpose: Investigating the status and challenges associated with radiological technologists acting as assistants during angiography and interventional radiology (IVR) through task shift/share. Methods: The survey period was from August 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023. A 10-item questionnaire survey was conducted nationwide, targeting 676 hospitals eq...

This research quantitatively evaluates the natural radioactivity levels and geological radiation hazard parameters of soil and rock specimens obtained from mining locations in NorthEastern Nigeria, by means of grammar-ray spectroscopy. There have been potential public health risks associated with the use of soil and rock from mining locations in No...

Background and Aim The association between biliary disorders with weight reduction enhanced by GLP-1RAs was observed frequently, nevertheless, the relative risk of the clinically relevant cholelithiasis was not specified clearly among different GLP-1RAs. Methods 308 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) were recruited and divided into 4 gro...

Radiology and imaging are some areas where rapid strides have been made, thus contributing to diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. The detection of a specific pathology or disease or therapeutic intervention has required high precision. Whether it is simple X-ray or computed tomography scans, ultra-modern functional MRI scans, molecular imaging, an...

Most data-driven models for medical image analysis rely on universal augmentations to improve performance. Experimental evidence has confirmed their effectiveness, but the unclear mechanism underlying them poses a barrier to the widespread acceptance and trust in such methods within the medical community. We revisit and acknowledge the unique chara...

Background Only 80% of patients are satisfied with their outcomes post-TKA. Mounting attention has been paid to constitutional limb alignment and individualized alignment strategies in recent years. MacDessi et al. proposed the CPAK classification, which takes into account the patients’ arithmetic hip-knee-ankle axis (aHKA) and joint line obliquity...

Dedicado a todos los estudiantes y profesionales en Radiología e Imágenes de la Universidad de El Salvador, que este documento sea de utilidad en la práctica profesional y así avanzar juntos hacia un futuro que permita la detección oportuna de patologías mamarias. La existencia de patologías mamarias, y la importancia de explorar su naturaleza, ha...

Radiation protection is an integral component of the working infrastructure of a radiology department. The main principles of radiation protection are to provide adequate of radiation exposure and implementing all the practices which provides the adequate protection from the radiation to patient, public and as well as to the radiation staff . Regul...

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation constitutes 40% of shoulder injuries, impacting patients across diverse activities. The Rockwood Staging System guides assessment, prompting exploration of the novel TightRope with double endobutton fixation technique to restore AC joint function. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of the TightRope wit...

With the emergence of large-scale vision-language models, realistic radiology reports may be generated using only medical images as input guided by simple prompts. However, their practical utility has been limited due to the factual errors in their description of findings. In this paper, we propose a novel model for explainable fact-checking that i...

Purpose Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a rare surgical emergency. The implications for loss of quality of life through delayed management are high, though no clinical symptom is pathognomonic in its diagnosis. We describe how machine learning based algorithms can be used in triaging patients with suspected CES (CES-S). Methods Data of 499 patients...

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in medical diagnosis, but their performance varies with prompting. Recent studies suggest that modifying prompts may enhance diagnostic capabilities. This study aimed to test whether a prompting approach that aligns with general clinical reasoning methodology—specifically, using a standardized template to f...

Background Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a rare, noncancerous inflammatory condition of the prostate that clinically resembles prostatic carcinoma, necessitating a pathological examination for accurate diagnosis. Case presentation A 75-year-old Egyptian male presented with urinary symptoms and an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen. Init...

In medical reporting, the accuracy of radiological reports, whether generated by humans or machine learning algorithms, is critical. We tackle a new task in this paper: image-conditioned autocorrection of inaccuracies within these reports. Using the MIMIC-CXR dataset, we first intentionally introduce a diverse range of errors into reports. Subseque...

Background: An autopsy is the examination of the body of a dead person. The two types of autopsies that we studied are the conventional autopsy and virtual autopsy. Both play important roles in forensic and clinical autopsies. Therefore, in our study, the effectiveness of both autopsies is being compared as to which contributes more in determining...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, multisystemic inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects joints but also presents significant extra-articular manifestations, with a particular emphasis on pulmonary involvement. This review elucidates the spectrum of pulmonary complications in RA, focusing primarily on interstitial lung disease (ILD),...

La investigación busca examinar la huella de la modalidad virtual en los estudiantes universitarios de radiología, basándose en la percepción de los profesionales que supervisan sus habilidades y conocimientos en entornos hospitalarios. El objetivo de este artículo es conocer como ha afectado la educación virtual y los desafíos que se han generado...

Objective This narrative highlights a student-led initiative that explored white matter dissection techniques within the framework of the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition 2023. Materials and Methods The project aimed to enhance neuroanatomical education by developing a novel approach to dissection that deviates from the traditional K...

We argue that generalist radiology artificial intelligence (GRAI) challenges current healthcare reimbursement frameworks. Unlike narrow AI tools, GRAI’s multi-task capabilities render existing pathways inadequate. This perspective examines key questions surrounding GRAI reimbursement, including issues of coding, valuation, and coverage policies. We...

Ameloblastoma is a benign locally invasive epithelial odontogenic tumour comprising 1% of all tumours and cysts arising in the jaws. It is commonly found in the third and fourth decade in the molar ramus region of the mandible. The commonest histopathological variant of this disease process is follicular type having the highest recurrence rate. Ame...

Background The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic results of the arthroscopic and the open trochleoplasty techniques. Methods A total of 83 trochleoplasties in 83 patients were performed between 2014 and 2021 in one institution. Surgical indications for trochleoplasty were recurrent patellofemoral instability and a latera...

At the heart of radiological practice is the challenge of integrating complex imaging data with clinical information to produce actionable insights. Nuanced application of language is key for various activities, including managing requests, describing and interpreting imaging findings in the context of clinical data, and concisely documenting and c...

Large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) represent the cutting-edge in artificial intelligence. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their capabilities and potential impact on radiology. Unlike most existing literature reviews focusing solely on LLMs, this work examines both LLMs and MLLMs, highlighting...

Borderline ovarian tumors, comprising 14-15% of cases, typically manifest early but rarely result in colorectal perforation despite their anatomical proximity. We present a case of a 53-year-old woman who presented solely with rectal bleeding, illustrating uncommon manifestations of borderline ovarian tumors. This emphasizes the crucial role of com...

Background and importance: Meningiomas are one of the most frequent primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors, meningiomas are categorized into Grade 1 (benign meningioma; 80%), Grade 2 (atypical meningioma; 4%–15%), and Grade 3 (anaplastic meningiomas; 1%–3%). Grade...

Introduction: Gouty tophi represents an uncommon outcome of prolonged gout. The urate crystal deposition in soft tissues characterizes it. They can present as tender, soft tissue masses, mimicking benign growths. Elbow tophi are uncommon but can cause significant morbidity. Case Report: A 65-year-old man with a history of chronic gout came in with...

This research evaluates the performance of two Transformer models, the Vision Transformer (ViT) and Swin Transformer, in the analysis of thoracic X-ray images. The study's objective is to determine whether Transformer models can enhance diagnostic accuracy for lung diseases, considering challenges such as early symptom variability and similar radio...

Several evaluation metrics have been developed recently to automatically assess the quality of generative AI reports for chest radiographs based only on textual information using lexical, semantic, or clinical named entity recognition methods. In this paper, we develop a new method of report quality evaluation by first extracting fine-grained findi...

Description Radiology departments have unique challenges with regards to patient safety due to the high volume of patient visits and advanced image guided procedures referred by outside providers, the critical safety challenges of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and the uncoupling of physicians from the site of service. Improving psychological sa...

Human-machine teaming in medical AI requires us to understand to what degree a trained clinician should weigh AI predictions. While previous work has shown the potential of AI assistance at improving clinical predictions, existing clinical decision support systems either provide no explainability of their predictions or use techniques like saliency...

Introdução A inovação do setor de imagem nas últimas décadas trouxe benefícios indiscutíveis para os pacientes em termos de vida mais longa e de maior qualidade, mas também tem resultado em aumento dos custos e em crescente dependência da tecnologia nos sistemas de saúde. Durante a última década, os serviços de imagem e os seus custos cresceram cer...

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel global, de ahí la preocupación en el sector salud para recurrir a ayudas diagnósticas pertinente para elevar la calidad en la atención y el diagnóstico de los pacientes que afrontan esta alteración. En este sentido la arteriografía coronar...

The natural radioactivity in the sediments of the Tigris River was measured using gamma spectrometry using an HPGe detector. Ten sediment samples were collected, and the target radionuclides are 226Ra, 232Th and 40K. Radioactivity in sediment was investigated in clay and silt fractions beside the hazard indices. The 226Ra concentration ranged betwe...

Kiken-yochi Training (KYT) has been introduced in many hospitals as medical safety education in many departments, with the exception of radiology. KYT is also not used in the contents of medical safety lectures in the education of students for radiological technologists. One of the reasons for this is that the images for KYT (KYT images) cannot be...

dengan mahkota gigi yang impaksi, embedded, tidak erupsi atau yang sedang tumbuh. Kista ini merupakan jenis kista odontogenik yang kedua paling sering terjadi, sekitar 14%-24% dari seluruh kista rahang.1,2 Kista ini, biasanya terjadi pada usia dekade pertama dan ketiga serta dapat ditemukan pada anak-anak dan remaja periode pertumbuhan gigi campura...

The first-stage diagnosis of chronic diseases is essential to enhance the client's quality of life and lessen pressure on the health facilities. Radiology must diagnose such diseases in their early stages, thus arresting the advancement of the diseases with utmost efficiency. The following paper assesses the role of radiology in chronic disease scr...

We conducted a retrospective review of the radiological, clinical, and laboratory records of 43 short-stature children (aged 5–11 years, mean 7.2 ± 2.3 years) with confirmed GHD (Peak GH response to clonidine and glucagon provocation <7 µg/L), who underwent brain MRI. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their peak GH response to pr...