Radiation Therapy - Science topic

Music therapy is widely used as a non-pharmacological intervention in a variety of different clinical and therapeutic settings. Several studies have been conducted on the possible effect of music on immediate symptoms, especially anxiety, stress and pain, resulting from disease states and/or invasive medical procedures. The aim of this review is to...

The immunological inflammatory biomarkers for liver metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the immune system and inflammation levels and the outcomes of Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the liver in patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer receiving SBRT as their primar...

Brachytherapy, or internal radiation therapy, is a highly effective treatment option for localized tumors. Herein, injectable and biodegradable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were engineered to deliver the therapeutic radioisotope yttrium-90 (90Y)....

In radiation therapy planning, inaccurate segmentations of organs at risk can result in suboptimal treatment delivery, if left undetected by the clinician. To address this challenge, we developed a denoising autoencoder-based method to detect inaccurate organ segmentations. We applied noise to ground truth organ segmentations, and the autoencoders...

Introducción: El cáncer de tráquea es una patología neoplásica infrecuente y presenta un desafío significativo en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Afecta principalmente a hombres en su sexta década de vida, con antecedentes de exposición a humo de tabaco. La enfermedad se ha tratado históricamente en base a los escasos reportes de casos en la literatu...

This research investigates the application of fuzzy graph theory to address critical security challenges in electromagnetic radiation therapy systems. Through comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental validation, we introduce novel approaches leveraging fuzzy cognitive maps and fuzzy graph-based architectures for access control, intrusion...

Purpose No consensus has been reached regarding whether upfront versus deferred radiation to small, asymptomatic brain metastases is most optimal. We sought to assess the relationship between tumor size at radiation and subsequent development of local recurrence and radiation necrosis to make data-driven recommendations regarding timing of radiatio...

In situ radiotherapy is the most successful cytotoxic therapy available for the treatment of solid tumors, while high‐dose radiotherapy per fraction is not yet widely and reliably used. To some extent, the major considerations of the disappointing results are on the risk of high‐dose irradiation‐induced damage to the surrounding normal tissues and...

O câncer de colo de útero é o quarto mais comum entre as mulheres em nível mundial. Uma das formas de tratar o câncer uterino é a modalidade de radioterapia conhecida como braquiterapia, que consiste na aplicação de fontes de radiação em contato direto com o tumor. A aplicação, contudo, pode representar uma gama enorme de desafios físicos e psicoló...

Objective. FLASH radiotherapy (RT), microbeam RT (MRT) and minibeam RT (MBRT) are novel RT techniques that have been shown to reduce normal tissue complication probabilities, by modulating the dose distributions through different parameters in space and time. This study aims to investigate the importance of these parameters for predicting biologica...

Purpose This study used a mobile-based assessment tool to evaluate the dynamics of distress and quality of life (QoL) in patients with esophageal, head and neck, and rectal cancers undergoing radiation therapy (RT). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2022 and July 2023 and included 100 patients who had completed asse...

Purpose of the study Radiation-induced dermatitis (RID) is the most frequent side effect of radiotherapy; however, no effective treatments are currently available. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of an herbal gel for preventing RID and associated symptoms in patients with cancer. Materials and methods Cancer patients were randomly...

Limited real-world studies have compared radiation therapy (RT) to non-RT for patients with solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB). This study investigated the impact of RT on long-term survival outcomes in patients with SPB at the pre-B cell grade within a real-world context. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the Surveillan...

Background Combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy produces a synergistic effect in patients with microsatellite stable/mismatch repair-proficient (MSS/pMMR) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and safety of immunotherapy combined with long-course chemoradiotherapy (ICIs + nCRT) versus i...

Background Conventional adaptive radiation therapy (ART) primarily focuses on adapting to anatomical changes during radiation therapy but does not account for biological effects such as changes in radiosensitivity and tumor response, particularly during treatment interruptions. These interruptions may allow sublethal damage repair in tumor cells, r...

Introduction This study evaluates the clinical outcomes, survival benefits, and toxicities of two moderate-hypofractionated radiotherapy (MHRT) patterns, 60 Gy in 20 fractions (60 Gy/20f) and 70 Gy in 28 fractions (70 Gy/28f), in early-stage prostate cancer patients. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 187 patients diagnosed betwee...

Radiation therapy is one of the most common cancer treatments, and dose optimization and targeting of radiation are crucial since both cancerous and healthy cells are affected. Different mathematical and computational approaches have been developed for this task. The most common mathematical approach, dating back to the late 1970's, is the linear-q...

Objective This study aimed to investigate the use of in vivo dose validation during post-breast-conserving radiation for early breast cancer, the impact of image guidance on validation outcomes, and the role of inter- and intra-fractional variations on dose distribution. Methods Twenty-six patients undergoing post-breast-conserving radiotherapy fo...

Anatomy is a requirement for medical education, which is necessary for the healthcare system to train professionals, improve their abilities, competencies, and practical experience, and fulfill society. The aim of this study is to provide a practical framework for developing virtual reality-based (VR) anatomy education applications by ascertain the...

Background Mobile spine chordomas demonstrate varied surgical risk profiles compared to their sacral analogs. Often, the limitation to performing an en bloc resection of a mobile spine chordoma is tumor violation of the epidural space. Given these limitations, we propose the utilization of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) ins...

Efficiently acquired and precisely reconstructed imaging are crucial to the success of modern radiation therapy (RT). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two common modalities for providing RT treatment planning and delivery guidance/monitoring. In recent decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to optimize the technical tradeoffs associated with integrating the quantitative maps available from SyntheticMR into the head and neck adaptive radiation oncology workflow. Recent work has begun to investigate SyntheticMR in the adaptive radiation oncology workflow, however no studies have investigated the...

Background: Beam angle optimization (BAO) is a critical component of radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning, where small changes in beam configuration can significantly impact treatment quality, especially for proton RT. Mathematically, BAO is a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem, which is NP-hard due to its exponential growing search space...

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a need for improved treatment strategies. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have emerged as important modulators of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study aimed to explore the role of these cells in CRC and their potential synergy with rad...

Background The objective was to evaluate the survival outcomes associated with radiation therapy (RT) in cases of postoperative locoregional recurrence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Methods A total of 30 patients undergoing RT for local or regional recurrence of UTUC after RNU from 2002 to 2...

Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life through symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing, malnutrition, and overall deterioration in health. Palliative care plays a crucial role, as median survival in advanced cases is typically limited to only a few months. This min...

The present investigation aimed to inform the radiologists about the imaging features of injectable fillers in order not to confound these with true pathology or vice versa in order not to miss true pathology obscured by filler injections. The signal of hyaluronic acid closely follows the water signal because of its composition and its hydrophilic...

Background The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impact of therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) influences decision-making and treatment outcomes. The present study reports HRQoL results from NASIR-HCC, a single-arm study of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with Y90 resin microspheres followed by nivolumab for unresectable H...

Background As medical linear accelerator technology advances, enabling higher dose rate deliveries, hypofractionation regimens has increased. This necessitates respiratory gating systems that synchronize radiation delivery with tumor position, requiring simple rigorous quality assurance (QA) to ensure treatment accuracy and patient safety. Purpose...

BACKGROUND Meningioma, a common and mostly benign intracranial and spinal tumor, can coexist with other malignant tumors. Such a scenario is very rare in patients with no history of radiation therapy or phakomatosis. In this study, the authors present three cases of concurrent/adjacent CNS tumors, review the literature on this topic, and highlight...

Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre a sobrevida do câncer de cólon, linfonodos ressecados e suas características clínico-demográficas. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, retrospectivo, descritivo e transversal, baseado na revisão de prontuários médicos. Resultados: O estudo revisou 230 prontuários de pacientes com câncer colorretal...

Purpose In linear accelerators, deviations in the x‐ray focal spot position significantly affect the accuracy of radiation therapy. However, as the focal spot position in bore‐type linac systems such as the Radixact system, cannot be assessed using conventional methods, a new evaluation method is required. This study aimed to develop a novel method...

Introdução: Os tumores endometriais representam uma das principais causas de câncer ginecológico, sendo o câncer de endométrio o mais comum entre as neoplasias malignas do trato genital feminino. Nas últimas décadas, houve avanços importantes nas técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento da doença, com destaque para a cirurgia minimamente invasiva, com...

Introduction The effect of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI)-guided dose-painting intensity-modulated radiation therapy (DP-IMRT) on locally advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the outcomes and toxicities of DWI-guided DP-IMRT in patients with locally recurrent NPC. Metho...

Background The most common nasal cavity disease (ND) in dogs is the malignant nasal cavity tumor. Prognosis and survival after radiation therapy are reported to correlate with tumor size, and therefore indirectly with the time to diagnosis. Diagnosis of a nasal tumor requires imaging procedures under anesthesia. Thus, diagnostic serum markers are u...

Objective In peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using lutetium-177-labeled DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate ([ ¹⁷⁷ Lu] DOTATATE), isolation is required until the external dose rate at 1 m (EDR-1 m) from the body surface falls below the regulatory standards of each country. While it is known that renal function influences EDR-1 m reduction within 180...

Since its approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the rectal hydrogel spacer system SpaceOAR (SpaceOAR™ and Space-OAR Vue™, Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, Massachusetts, United States) has become widely adopted in radiation therapy protocols for prostate cancer patients. The biodegradable hydrogel creates a te...

Background Radioresistant tumours remain a challenge for conventional radiation therapy (RT), and often, only palliative treatment can be offered. Recently developed techniques, such as spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) could potentially improve treatment. However, current clinical SFRT implementations do not allow the full potential...

Background Brain metastases are common complications in patients with cancer and significantly affect prognosis and treatment strategies. The accurate segmentation of brain metastases is crucial for effective radiation therapy planning. However, in resource-limited areas, the unavailability of MRI imaging is a significant challenge that necessitate...

Oligoprogressive disease refers to the setting of a prior or ongoing receipt of systemic therapy, with typically up to three metastatic areas having increased in size and/or avidity compared to the start of the systemic therapy. The role of local ablative therapy (LAT) including radiation has mostly been evaluated in the oligometastatic setting wit...

Objectives Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common oral tumor in cats but treatment options that provide long-term tumor control are limited. Radiation therapy is a reported treatment option, but local tumor control is still difficult to obtain and additional treatment options are needed. Toceranib phosphate recently emerged as having...

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide accounting for 12.4% of total new cases and also the leading cause of cancer deaths (18.7%). In India, Lung cancer accounts for 5.8% of new cases and 8.2% of cancer deaths. Chemotherapy and Radiation therapy plays a major role in treatment especially in inoperable cases. In t...

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL-NT), is an aggressive malignancy primarily affecting the sinonasal region, with a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The disease is significantly more prevalent in Asian and Latin American populations. Diagnosis is particularly challenging in nonendemic regions. We present t...

Background The TG‐51 protocol describes methods for obtaining reference dosimetry measurements for external photon and electron beams. Since the publication of TG‐51 in 1999, research on reference dosimetry has allowed revisiting the procedures and data recommended in the protocol. An Addendum to TG‐51 for electron beam reference dosimetry was publ...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Despite various treatment options, adverse reactions and treatment resistance limit their clinical application and efficacy, therefore, new effective treatment options are still needed. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a new anti-cancer option. With a powerful anti-tumor effect, OVs are...

Cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) is a recognized late complication following cranial irradiation. This article describes a unique case of CRN occurring contralaterally to the original irradiation site in a male treated for atypical meningioma with surgery and subsequent radiation therapy. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of differenti...

While immunotherapy has transformed treatment across various cancers, its impact on breast cancer is relatively limited. Recent advances have established immunotherapy as an effective approach for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive subtype with limited therapeutic targets and poor prognosis. Specifically, pembrolizumab, an immune c...

Background: Radiation therapy can be administered using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), a technique that allows the beam's intensity to be adjusted within the treatment field. To achieve this, a large beam was splitted into numerous smaller beamlets. The specific weights of these numerous beamlets are determined by performing computer...

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenging cancer to treat with limited effective therapies. Standard treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, offer marginal survival benefits but are often limited by side effects and drug resistance. Temozolomide is the most commonly used chemotherapy; however,...

O câncer de próstata é uma das neoplasias malignas mais comuns entre os homens, sendo uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo. Sua incidência aumenta com a idade, e fatores genéticos, hormonais e ambientais influenciam seu desenvolvimento. O diagnóstico precoce, baseado na dosagem do PSA e no exame de toque retal, é essencial para...

Background In the context of mixed electron‐photon radiation therapy (MBRT), while the necessity of robust optimization to setup uncertainties is well‐established, range uncertainties have yet to be investigated. Purpose This study provides the first assessment of the impact of range uncertainties on MBRT plans. Methods The percent depth dose of...

Purpose Evidence supporting the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) is currently limited. This study aims to evaluate the interrater agreement of MRI NI-RADS among radiologists with varying levels of expertise in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Material and methods We designed a...

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most prevalent cancer among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis is crucial as it opens up various treatment options with curative intent. Recent advancements confirm that radiotherapy (RT), particularly through modern techniques like stereotactic body RT (SBRT) and s...

High quality imaging is required for high quality medical care, especially in precision applications such as radiation therapy. Patient motion during image acquisition reduces image quality and is either accepted or dealt with retrospectively during image reconstruction. Here we formalize a general approach in which data acquisition is treated as a...

Purpose This study reviewed palliative radiation therapy (RT) practices and outcomes and compared the percentage of remaining life spent receiving RT (PRLSRT) in patients treated for osseous metastases. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using the National Cancer Database (2010–2016) to evaluate metastatic patients who received palliat...

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive tumor with high metastatic potential which leads to decreased survival rate and resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Nearly 90% of pancreatic cancer comprises pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). About 80% of diagnoses takes place at the advanced metastatic stage when it is unresectable, which renders...

Hypofractionated radiotherapy may offer similar local control and toxicity outcomes in the management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) compared to standard fractionation. Shorter-course radiotherapy regimens can reduce overall treatment time and delays in surgical intervention or systemic treatment. It may also improve patient compliance and reduce he...

O neuroblastoma é o tumor sólido extracraniano mais comum na infância e responde por cerca de 15% das mortes por câncer pediátrico. Sua alta heterogeneidade clínica, morfológica e genética dificulta o tratamento, especialmente nos casos de alto risco, que apresentam resistência terapêutica e alta taxa de recorrência. Nesse contexto, esta revisão te...

Background Radiation is a treatment modality of interest in both palliative and curative settings for patients with breast cancer (BC). Despite many advances in radiation oncology, anti-radiation resistance remains a problem in mechanistic aspects. Studies show that immune cells respond to radiation in a heterogeneous manner and suggest the determi...

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy of undifferentiated skeletal muscle tissue and is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (15–21 years of age) experience poorer outcomes compared with younger patients, primarily due to unfavorable histological subtypes, primary location, and tu...

Laryngeal sarcomatoid carcinoma (LSC) is a rare variant of laryngeal malignancies characterized by an aggressive nature and poor prognosis, predominantly affecting older males. Although early diagnosis may facilitate organ preservation through adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, advanced stages of the disease, as classified by the TNM syst...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. While surgery can cure many patients, a significant number may still succumb to the disease over time, even with additional chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Immunotherapies including T-cell therapy, cytokine therapy, and oncolytic viruses, have shown promise in cancer...

Purpose This study evaluates the efficacy, toxicity, and survival impact of high‐dose‐rate endorectal brachytherapy (HDR‐EBT) as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods A review of 16 studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science (1990–2023) was conducted. Results Patients treated with HDR‐EBT alone had a pathological co...

Background Conventional proton dose calculation methods are either time‐ and resource‐intensive, like Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, or they sacrifice accuracy, as seen with analytical methods. This trade‐off between computational efficiency and accuracy highlights the need for improved dose calculation approaches in clinical settings. Purpose This...

Background: Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) is effective in some cancers but not routinely used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Limited data exist on IORT in borderline and locally advanced (B/LA) PDAC. This study evaluates pancreatectomy with IORT outcomes for B/LA PDAC with modern neoadjuvant therapies to address this knowled...

Accurate diagnosis of significant prostate cancer (PCa) is essential for effective treatment. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is increasingly used for lesion detection and biopsy guidance, but its impact on outcomes following radiotherapy remains uncertain. This study assesses the effect of MRI-guided biopsy on biochemical recurr...

Advanced esophageal cancer is treated by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, chemoradiotherapy, and immunotherapy. However, the stenosis caused by the tumor and cancer-related chronic inflammation leads to inadequate food intake, weight loss, and nutrition problems. Given that poor pre-treatment nutritional status increases the risks of treatment-rela...

Purpose: To evaluate a Deep-Learning-enhanced MUlti-PArametric MR sequence (DL-MUPA) for treatment response assessment for brain metastases patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and head-and-neck (HnN) cancer patients undergoing conventionally fractionation adaptive radiation therapy. Methods: DL-MUPA derives quantitative T1 and T2 ma...

Patients with luminal breast cancer (BC) may develop central nervous system metastases in 20%–40% of cases. Radiation or surgical therapy represents the cornerstone of treating central nervous system metastases. Meanwhile, the best practice for metastatic luminal BC involves using cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine thera...

Background Glioblastoma (isocitrate dehydrogenase [IDH]-wildtype, WHO Grade 4) is known to have a high recurrence rate with poor management of morbidity and mortality. Metastatic spread of glioblastomas is rare with extraneural osseous spread having been reported in under 100 cases. In this report, a case of glioblastoma with widespread extraneural...

Purpose To compare the dosimetry and biological risk of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), helical tomotherapy (HT) and cyberKnife (CK) in the treatment of lung oligometastases. Methods and materials This retrospective study included a cohort of 21 lung oligometastasis patients, each with 2 or 3 lesions, who had previously undergone stereota...

The aim was to evaluate a deep learning-based auto-segmentation method for liver delineation in Y-90 selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT). A deep learning (DL)-based liver segmentation model using the U-Net3D architecture was built. Auto-segmentation of the liver was tested in CT images of SIRT patients. DL auto-segmented liver contours were...

This study was carried out to investigate how variations in the beam quality index (QI)-so-called tissue phantom ratio (TPR20,10) affect tissue inhomogeneity correction factors (ICFs) in external beam radiotherapy treatment plans. A total of 90 three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) treatment plans for lung, gynecological, and prostate ca...

Background: We are exposed to natural ionizing radiation and other genomic stressors throughout life and radiophobia has caused much harm to society. The main basis for radiophobia is the invalid linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis for cancer induction, which the System of Radiological Protection (SRP) is linked to. Largely unknown to the public,...

Introduction Women with breast cancer receiving radiation therapy (RT) can experience treatment side effects and compromised quality of life. The quality of a person's diet can play a vital role in preventing cancer and other chronic diseases. Despite this, studies show many Australians do not meet the recommended guidelines for consuming a quality...

Objective: Assess the effectiveness of fish skin grafts (FSG) with octenidinebased antiseptics in head and neck wound reconstruction. Patients and Defects: Six patients with eight defects (2 × 2 cm to 7 × 6 cm), including irradiated and non-irradiated wounds. Findings: Patients who underwent radiation therapy experienced longer granulation times up...

Introduction There is an increasing use of biodegradable peri-rectal spacer prior to radiation therapy for prostate cancer to reduce treatment-associated rectal toxicity. While data from individual trials and cohorts is maturing, there is a lack of an updated quantitative analysis that includes outcomes following peri-rectal spacer. We aim to delin...

BACKGROUND A significant proportion of cancer patients experience autonomic dysfunction, and cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can exacerbate impairments in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study sought to investigate the characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with cancer. AIM To evaluate...

Skin grafting is typically used to close large skin defects that may occur after mastectomy when the patient does not desire breast reconstruction. Herein, we present the case of a 49-year-old woman who underwent bilateral mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer and had large skin defects on both sides of the chest that were closed using bila...