Racing - Science topic

Healthcare biases are a serious issue in modern healthcare. This research investigates the contextual challenges, i.e., biases related to race, socioeconomic status, and cultural identity that influence the adoption of digital health and its effectiveness in promoting equitable health outcomes. In countries of low resources, Ghana included, digital...

Using Palestine as a case study, Recognition Politics in Settler Colonial States shows how recognition politics operate to legitimize long-standing colonial power structures. In existing scholarship, recognition has been seen as an asset coveted by indigenous communities. This book forwards a new, theoretically ground-breaking perspective. Emile Ba...

The popular AMC series Breaking Bad (2008-2013) portrays a capitalist society where every human being is seen to have been in a money-making race while simultaneously dehumanized to mere profit-generating robots. Within this complex framework, every individual turns into a "commodity" or even a "junkie," a derogatory label thrust upon Jesse Pinkman...

We propose randomising the linear search in Resolution as a technique for coping with the proliferation of Horn clauses - said to be the halt of 'Logic Programming' as the "bright science" for the realisation of the human race's dream of a general purpose intelligent machine. [Inside: ...the author asked himself, "What is the problem a firm faces...

Background: Technical Debt (TD) describes suboptimal software development practices with long-term consequences, such as defects and vulnerabilities. Deadlines are a leading cause of the emergence of TD in software systems. While multiple aspects of TD have been studied, the empirical research findings on the impact of deadlines are still inconclus...

The COVID‐19 pandemic profoundly impacted mental health, with psychological distress varying across age and racial/ethnic groups. This study examined trajectories of five distress measures—symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS), anxiety, depression, anger, and somatization—over the first 2 years of the pandemic, adjusting for prepandemic mental hea...

The push toward a renewable society where the chemicals being used on a daily basis come from sources which are not going to be depleted within the next few decades is highly sought after. Biomass is one of the most promising opportunities to establish self‐sustainability for the human race. This review article takes a look at some of the key metho...

Despite the disparity in unemployment rates across gender, race and provinces, no study has captured the influence of military spending on unemployment rates among these groups in South Africa (SA). Thus, this study investigated the effects of military spending on total, gender, racial and provincial unemployment in SA over 2008Q1 to 2023Q4. The st...

The upright is a critical component of Formula cars. While traditional 7075 aluminum alloy uprights exhibit susceptibility to surface wear and corrosion potentially compromising stability, 2A12 aluminum alloy offers superior characteristics including low density, high specific strength, excellent wear/corrosion resistance, and enhanced machinabilit...

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) rely critically on robust perception to ensure safety and reliability. However, deep learning models, which form the core of these perception systems, are inherently vulnerable to adversarial attacks. These attacks, ranging from subtle digital perturbations to sophisticated physical manipulations across various sens...

Virus survival inside the host cell depends on the intricate mechanisms that recruit proteins involved in the arms race. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteome exhibits important levels of structural order. However, some of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, such as the Nucleocapsid (N) and Non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), cont...

Rationale Alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) are common in college students and are associated with other alcohol-related consequences. Alcohol-nicotine co-use is also common in this population. Nicotine has cognitive-enhancing properties impacting multiple cognitive domains, including those impaired by alcohol (e.g., attention), but it is unclear wh...

“Original Vow (Anti Fascist Sonnet) By race we are all african, by birth we are all feminist, by nature we are all lovers, by suffering we are all poets. You know, which nation has the nicest people? You cannot guess in a million years. The nation with the nicest people is, Earth, for no nation has exclusive franchise over niceness – goodness is...

Background: Of the hundreds of millions of COVID-19 cases globally, most have been non-fatal, though "Long COVID" after acute infection has been documented in many. While many studies have reported post-COVID increases chronic disease incidence including hypertension (HTN), racial/ethnic minority study participants are underrepresented and studies...

To identify demographic and primary care utilization factors associated with distance traveled for healthcare among Medicaid-insured children in South Carolina (SC). Medicaid claims data was analyzed among patients with a weight-related diagnostic code who received primary care services in SC from 2018 to 2022 (N = 1,055,613). Multinomial regressio...

Spätestens seit 1992 Marcus Hasselhorn im Rahmen seiner Analyse der Metakognition und ihrer Bedeutung für Lernprozesse den Begriff "epistemisches Wissen" (Hasselhorn 1992, 42) eingeführt hat, ist dieses epistemische Wissen ein zentrales Bildungsziel, vor allem in der Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften. Ursprünglich aus der Gedächtnisforschung stammen...

How do patterns of racial inequality shape policing behavior in the United States? We investigate whether police engage in boundary maintenance at geographic points of racial difference. Critical race scholars suggest that police explicitly serve this function. Yet empirical studies are rare and limited to snapshots of a single city, making it hard...

Objectives: To quantify the all-cause excess death rate of people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) during the 2020-2022 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (U.S.), including stratifications by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and region. Methods: Using publicly available data from the CDC NCHHSTP AtlasPlus dashboard, we employed the ensemble n-subepidemic m...

According to self-determination theory (SDT), students have basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness that must be satisfied in order for them to experience optimal functioning in the classroom. While SDT asserts these needs are universal, cross-cultural studies have indicated that there may be some variation in the associa...

This article examines the intensifying international competition between the United States and China over advanced AI development. We scrutinize how AI research acceleration via AI-assisted tools, nationalization efforts, and compute resource control shape global power dynamics. Through analysis of strategic policies, resource allocation, and techn...

The integration of artificial intelligence systems into the research and development process of AI itself has created a recursive acceleration dynamic that threatens to outpace human oversight and safety measures. This paper examines the emergence of what can be characterized as an "automation arms race" in AI development, where competitive pressur...

The emergence of advanced artificial intelligence systems approaching superintelligence levels presents unprecedented challenges to international relations, national security, and global stability. This paper examines the geopolitical implications of early superintelligent AI systems, analyzing how the development and deployment of such systems may...

While Kimberlé Crenshaw formally coined the term intersectionality in 1989, the conceptual underpinnings of this framework emerged from earlier intellectual and activist traditions. This paper examines the historical roots of intersectionality, tracing contributions from Black feminist thought, anti-racist and Marxist critiques, and postcolonial th...

Social determinants of health (SDOH) profoundly shape breast cancer treatment pathways and outcomes. Variables such as race, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage significantly influence the timeliness, accessibility, and quality of surgical care. This narrative review aims to critically examine how SDOH influences breast cancer surgical tra...

Depression is a common and growing mental health problem, with around 5% of the world’s population experiencing an episode of depression during their lifetime. Relapse rates are high, with around half experiencing more than one depressive episode and a further 10–20% experiencing a chronic and persistent depression. Mindfulness has been incorporate...

In this work, we investigate potential weaknesses of lay assessors in differentiating true and false eyewitness identifications, through an examination of the influence of assessor, witness, and suspect race on assessor evaluations of eyewitness identifications made following observation of a mock crime. In an initial mock crime study (N = 209), we...

Com as ações afirmativas institucionalizadas, um número crescente de estudantes negros adentra às universidades públicas e precisa de um ambiente educacional sem racismo. Isso apresenta novos desafios aos professores de administração, desde a formação, que implicam uma postura antirracista. Entretanto, com a formação docente delegada à pós-graduaçã...

Racial and ethnic disparities in children's diets are prevalent. Little is known about how fathers' food parenting practices may contribute to these disparities. We examined racial and ethnic variations in food parenting practices and their associations with 2–6‐year‐old children's diets in a cross‐sectional sample of U.S. fathers surveyed in 2021–...

Purpose of Review Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a well-known complication of breast cancer treatment. Because of the morbidity and substantial impact BCRL can have patients’ lives, there is a lot of fear surrounding the development of lymphedema. We aim to provide an overview of contemporary literature that outlines BCRL risk factors a...

The political importance of race has historically received limited attention across Canadian behavioural scholarship. Building on more recent work, this article comparatively examines the prevalence and effects of white identity and racial attitudes between white Canadians and Americans by leveraging original survey data and a novel conjoint experi...

Introduction GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for management of obesity and diabetes. In this context, we aim to determine the effect of preoperative GLP-1RA use on surgical outcomes and long-term weight loss following bariatric surgery. Methods We retrospectively identified diabetic patients undergoing primary bariat...

The presented paper investigates the efficiency of chain drive transmissions in track cycling, where performance optimization is critical as a win or loss between athletes is often decided in a matter of 1/100 seconds. A 2D quasi-static model (Chain Drive Efficiency Model, CDEM) was previously developed. It includes first a simulation of the global...

What drives the religious media bias in their coverage of mass shooters in the US? Understanding the source of media bias can structure future research on the portrayal of mass shooters and can be a major step in promoting bias-free reporting. This article aims to identify the potential determinants of religious media bias by focusing on the shoote...

Rolling ball bearings are the essential components of rotating machines that can be affected by various faults, increasing the maintenance costs and downtime of the machine. The paper introduces a novel CNN-GRU prediction model, aimed to detect and diagnose incipient faults in the ball bearings components. The model is learned on nonlinear vibratio...

Objective To investigate the relationship between ASM/BMI (Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass/ body mass index) and low back pain. Methods Participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999 ~ 2004) were included. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to explore the relationship between ASM/BMI and low back...

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in United States adults based on the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) database of the United States. Methods Data from two survey periods (2003–2006) in the NHANES database were used as the...

Introduction Institutions of higher education are considered a grooming ground for future leaders in the workplace and society at large. Several reasons can be attributed to why students are motivated to engage in leadership within these institutions. Research on motivation to lead highlights variables such as personality, values, leadership self-e...

Purpose: This study examined tactical positioning and pacing in short-distance (100 m), middle-distance (200 m, 400 m) and long-distance (800 m, 1,500 m) freestyle events, focusing on the influence of race distance, competition round (HEAT vs. FINAL), and sex. Methods: Race data from multiple World Championships (2013–2023) were analyzed. Spearman...

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, in his book “Who were the Shudras—How they came to be the Fourth Varna in the Indo-Aryan society,” has discussed in depth the original identity of the Shudra Varna. He has claimed, among others, that the Shudras were one of the Aryan communities of the Solar race and indeed belonged to the Kshatriya Varna. Let us examine whether...

Secret Enemy of Adolescents' Health: From Past to Present. This book will provide a comprehensive overview of recent research trends in various infectious diseases (as per the most recent Baltimore classification). Topics will include general Overviews of infections, immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, etiology, and current clinica...

The rapid adoption of generative AI models in domains such as education, policing, and social media raises significant concerns about potential bias and safety issues, particularly along protected attributes, such as race and gender, and when interacting with minors. Given the urgency of facilitating safe interactions with AI systems, we study bias...

The proposed studies will test two competing hypotheses and one additional hypothesis. The first hypothesis is that reliance on ethnic or race stereotypes in implicit person perception is more malleable than reliance on gender stereotypes in implicit person perception in response to counterstereotypic individuating information. The competing hypoth...

Objectives Research on the immigration-crime link has grown substantially yet researchers have not sufficiently considered immigrant heterogeneity, which reflects both the number of immigrant groups in a community and their relative sizes or representation, even as theory has a lot to say regarding the possible impact of such heterogeneity. With fe...

This study employs a robust analytical framework to uncover patterns in survival outcomes among breast cancer patients from diverse racial and geographical backgrounds. This research uses the SEER 2021 dataset to analyze breast cancer survival outcomes to identify and comprehend dissimilarities. Our approach integrates exploratory data analysis (ED...

Introduction Having a primary care usual source of care (USC) is associated with better population health outcomes. However, the percent of adults in the United States (US) with a usual primary care provider is declining. We sought to identify factors associated with establishing a USC at an urgent care clinic or emergency department as opposed to...

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a surge of disinformation circulating on online platforms. Among the prevailing conspiracy theories were claims that the COVID-19 vaccine was hazardous and specifically designed to eradicate the Black race. This study investigates the implications of online disinformation on COVID-19 vaccine...

The development of urban infrastructure as a critical public spending with multi-faceted benefits but high investment costs is deeply embedded in complex socio-economic and institutional contexts. Drawing on spatial econometric models and the panel data of 261 cities in China during 2002–2022, this study explores how the municipal infrastructure de...

In this critique, I examine how mainstream Western media narratives on sexual violence reinforce binaries between a 'progressive' West and a 'patriarchal' Global South—ignoring structural issues like caste, class, and race. I call for truly transnational solidarity that confronts misogyny and impunity everywhere.

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) have become an important vehicle for cell and gene therapy companies to go public. Compared to traditional IPOs, SPACs offer several advantages: faster execution, upfront price discovery, the possibility of raising additional capital, lower marketing costs, and access to operational expertise. However,...

Very recent work has demonstrated tremendous improvements in facial expression recognition (FER) using laboratory-controlled datasets. However, recognizing facial expressions under in-the-wild conditions still remains a challenge, especially on unseen subjects due to high inter-subject variations. In this paper, we propose a novel Probabilistic Att...

ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Research Paper In today's globalized world, diversity and inclusion are essential because they recognize the importance of individual differences in enhancing corporate culture and stimulating creativity. While inclusion actively promotes an atmosphere where these distinctions are acknowledged and valued, diversity encompas...

Background Previous studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment and outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer. However, none of these studies has examined whether these disparities exist in a closed health care delivery system. The aim of this study was to identify racial and ethnic disparities in rates of diagnosis,...

The development of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model was a watershed moment for the field. As a result, Risk-Needs Assessments (RNAs) were designed to identify needs domains, with subscale scores guiding program matching. Despite their widespread use, however, needs assessments have often been an afterthought in RNA development, lacking suffic...

Fairness is a growing area of machine learning (ML) that focuses on ensuring models do not produce systematically biased outcomes for specific groups, particularly those defined by protected attributes such as race, gender, or age. Evaluating fairness is a critical aspect of ML model development, as biased models can perpetuate structural inequalit...

Can white musicians play the blues? The present article aims to deepen the discussion of this question initiated by Joel Rudinow. I examine the two main arguments he offers for answering in the negative. While agreeing with the author that the proprietary argument is a red herring, I argue that some of his reasons for dismissing it are misplaced an...

Objective: To investigate the association of sociodemographic and occupational variables with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in nursing workers. Method: Exploratory and analytical study carried out with a population of 15,936 workers. A secondary database was used and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the robust Poi...

This paper explores the relationship between education and career destinations through the lens of social reproduction theory. Rooted in Marxist thought, social reproduction highlights how social inequalities are perpetuated across generations, particularly through education systems and labour markets. Drawing on studies from both the UK and the US...

Introduction: Where surveillance data are limited, nationally-representative electronic health records allow for geographic, temporal, and demographic characterization of the fungal diseases blastomycosis and histoplasmosis. Methods: We identified incident blastomycosis and histoplasmosis cases from 2013 to 2023 within Oracle EHR Real-World Data, w...

Scientific inquiry about the transmissibility of infectious diseases is largely based on the basic reproduction number (R0) and its derivations. This paper describes a mechanism overlooked in most conventional analyses, in which a disease can endogenously "compete" with itself when multiple infectious individuals race to infect the same susceptible...

Objective: To investigate the association of sociodemographic and occupational variables with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in nursing workers. Method: Exploratory and analytical study carried out with a population of 15,936 workers. A secondary database was used and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the robust Poi...

Forecasting is central to economic policy, research, and decision-making — yet the prevailing academic standards fall short of ensuring rigour, transparency, and practical relevance. This manifesto highlights the methodological flaws of so-called quasi real-time forecasting, where retrospective knowledge and revised data skew performance evaluatio...

Phages and bacteria are locked in a molecular arms race, with phage anti-defence proteins (ADPs) enabling them to evade bacterial immune systems. To streamline access to information on ADPs, we developed the Encyclopaedia of Viral Anti-DefencE Systems (EVADES), an online resource containing sequences, structures, protein family annotations, and mec...

Objective: To investigate the association of sociodemographic and occupational variables with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in nursing workers. Method: Exploratory and analytical study carried out with a population of 15,936 workers. A secondary database was used and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, using the robust Poi...

Although Afro-Caribbean (AC) race has been associated with worse outcomes in many cardiovascular diseases, its potential association with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is less understood. We aimed to assess the relationship between race and serum biomarkers, adverse cardiac remodeling, and outcomes in AC vs white ATTR-CA patients. 114...

Introduction Economic inequality is rising around the globe. Social class includes income, education, and occupation, and is strongly tied to academic achievement. However, we do not yet know how the discrimination that adolescents experience because of their social class is associated with academic achievement. To address this knowledge gap, we ex...

Advancements in shoe technology can improve running economy (RE). However, the effects of advanced footwear technology (AFT) have typically been investigated in one specific shoe brand and at relatively high speeds. Moreover, there is often considerable variability in the response to different running shoes. This study, therefore, investigated the...

The experience of deindustrialization is publicly understood primarily through representation, but different kinds of representation offer different political perspectives. What – and who – is included or excluded? How is meaning produced? For what audience? At stake are ongoing social and cultural policies and prevailing myths about deindustrializ...

Health behavior, mental health, and school satisfaction are associated in school‐aged youth. However, most previous research examining such associations does not account for unique groupings of these variables based on person‐centered analyses. This study examined student mental health profiles and their association with health behaviors and school...

Ausgehend von der Kritik am Metanarrativ des Anthropozäns als eine vergeschlechtlichte Heldenerzählung, zielt der Artikel auf eine kritische Analyse von Donna Haraways „Fortsetzungsgeschichten“. Als eine spekulative Denk- und Erzählweise, die Wissenschaft, Science-Fiction und feministische Theorie miteinander verwebt, handeln Fortsetzungsgeschichte...

Breast cancer screening guidelines indicate screening in women over 75 years of age is optional, depending upon patient health and preferences. To better understand the preferences and decision-making of older women, their experiences and perceptions concerning screening need to be linked to their intention to continue or discontinue screening. Thi...

Using an original behavioral-based analysis approach, this study explored behaviors that characterize children and adolescents with non-specific intellectual developmental disabilities (NS-IDDs) when they are led to regulate their emotions in a concrete situation. Behaviors of forty participants with NS-IDDs and forty typically developing (TD) chil...

Background Although the relationships between birthweight, gestational age (GA), and cognitive function (CF) before midlife have been demonstrated, the relationships after midlife and potential racial disparities remain inconclusive. This study examined the association between birthweight, GA, and midlife CF stratified by race. Method 1,032 subjec...

The Marriage Law stipulates that marriage is marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the One Almighty God. Stratification and differences in position or caste in customs can give birth to customs/traditions of forced marriage, for...

Background: Stark disparities in COVID-19 infection, mortality and vaccine uptake have been observed between racial groups. However, differences in COVID-19 vaccine confidence between racialized groups and contextual factors that account for such differences have not been explored. We sought to determine socioeconomic profiles associated with COVID...

In the high-stakes race of digital banking and Fintech, one misstep can cost millions in lost customers, brand damage and wasted development. Ironically, that misstep often happens before the project even starts-during procurement. Month after month, the UXDA team meets with banks with grand ambitions to transform their digital products. And someti...

Religious communities and traditions often discuss the preconditions necessary for God to forgive a believer’s sin or transgression. This study examines adult American Christians’ beliefs about the preconditions for divine forgiveness (DF) and whether these beliefs differ based on features of a forgiveness-relevant situation or features of the indi...

Does aid undermine incentives for local politicians to provide public goods? Even when politicians have no control over aid, they can claim credit for the aid in low-information environments, thus undermining their other efforts to provide public goods. I test these predictions using Kenya’s Constituencies Development Fund (CDF), which provides an...

Taking inspiration from Mauss' classic idea of walking as one of many “techniques of the body,” this essay reflects on how perceptions of danger shape how one walks in various cities. I draw on my own research on the limits and possibilities of quantified walking as well as on urban experiences I have had in my life. I reflect on how perceptions of...

INTRODUCTION The evidentiary base for dementia caregiver programs is still emerging and is less clear for diverse racial and ethnic minoritized populations. We explored in‐depth perspectives about program participation, acceptability, and recommendations from diverse caregivers who completed one of three versions of the Savvy Caregiver Program. ME...

Background To analyze the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent tissues and determine the effect of GRK4 on prognosis. Materials and Methods GRK4 expression profiles in HCC and paracancerous tissues, as well as patient clinicopathological features, were retrieved from the Cancer Gen...

The Elster-Pleiße floodplain south of Leipzig has undergone significant hydromorphological changes over the past centuries, influenced by both natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. This study employs high-resolution LiDAR-based fluvial-geomorphological mapping (1x1 m resolution) and old maps analyses to reconstruct past river dynamics...

Objective Despite β‐cell failure in youth with dysglycemia (i.e., impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and type 2 diabetes), fasting insulin (FI) concentrations are elevated. Herein, we examined the following: 1) metabolic clearance rate of insulin (MCRI) in youth with obesity and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) versus those with IGT versus those with t...

The increasing adoption of AI-driven video interviews in recruitment processes promises efficiency, consistency, and scalability. However, this technological advancement raises pressing concerns about fairness and bias. This paper explores the sources, implications, and solutions to bias in AI-powered interview systems, particularly those leveragin...

Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is an ultra‐rare, potentially life‐threatening condition caused by a deficiency of the blood enzyme ADAMTS13. Until now, ADAMTS13 replacement has been achieved with infusions of plasma or plasma‐based therapies (PBT). However, the quantitative relationship between ADAMTS13 plasma activity and cl...

Breast cancer continues to place a significant burden on women's health in the United States, but that burden is not shared equally across regions. This study looks at how breast cancer incidence and access to mammography services differ across Illinois, using data from 2017 to 2021. By analyzing county-level figures on breast cancer cases, facilit...

This article theorizes hetero-modernity as generating the heterosexualization of modernity, enacting a colonial sexual order that attempts a queer-death project through the dialectics of (re)integration and elimination. It is, in essence, the colonization of sexual existence. The emergence of the hetero-modern world pursues queer death via multiple...

As digital technologies become central to national security, economic development, and geopolitical power, states are increasingly turning to legal instruments to assert sovereignty over data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This phenomenon, termed "techno-legal nationalism," reflects a growing trend of governments leveraging...

Background The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is strongly linked to dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. However, studies investigating the association between the dietary index of gut microbiota (DI-GM) and MetS are limited. As such, the present study aimed to examine the association between DI-GM and the prevalence of MetS, as well as long...

This study explores the evolving role of fintech regulation as a strategic tool of geopolitical influence, highlighting how states leverage digital finance, data governanceand artificial intelligence to reshape global power structures. It contrasts the regulatory models of the United States, China, and the European Union, each guided by distinct im...

Optimisation and machine learning techniques are increasingly used with net-shape composites forming methods like resin transfer moulding (RTM) for process monitoring, control, and defect detection. However, the standard finite element-control volume modelling approach used in these simulations is discontinuous with respect to model parameters and...

Parental stress is a well-documented phenomenon. The relationships between parental stress, parent–child dynamics, and child outcomes are complex and bidirectional. Although this intricate interaction is well recognized, we specifically examined the impact of child-related variables on parental stress. Although many child factors can contribute to...

Deep Learning models have achieved remarkable success. Training them is often accelerated by building on top of pre-trained models which poses the risk of perpetuating encoded biases. Here, we investigate biases in the representations of commonly used ImageNet classifiers for facial images while considering intersections of sensitive variables age,...

In this paper I explore legal and judicial responses toward skin tone and colourism in the UK. I argue that despite incidents involving colourism coming before the courts, there is no mention of this oppression in the legal framework. Colourism is invisible to the law and courts. “Colour” is included under the protected characteristic of “race” in...