Quantum Physics - Science topic

Dear Colleagues, Symmetry and its breaking are important components in the scientific knowledge of nature. Their identification and classification and the description of their manifestation are some of the paths of knowledge in any scientific discipline, from physics, chemistry, and biology up to physiology. The first to try and apply the laws of...

Quantum Space-Time Theory: Fundamentals by Matthew Eric Mackey! Always a work in progress; however, the first version was completed and uploaded on 10/1/2023! Feel free to ask questions/comment here! Quantum Space-Time Theory is the science field of Quantum Physics and vice versa and contains new mathematics! Enjoy!!

Matrix-variate Gaussian-type or Wishart-type distributions in the real domain are widely used in the literature. When the exponential trace has an arbitrary power and when the factors involving a determinant and a trace enter into the model or a matrix-variate gamma-type or Wishart-type model with an exponential trace having an arbitrary power, the...

Taking an ontology based on quantum physics, a metaphysics describing the human condition is extrapolated.

We suggest to look at quantum measurement outcomes not through the lens of probability theory, but instead through decision theory. We introduce an original game-theoretical framework, model and algorithmic procedure where measurement scenarios are multiplayer games with a structure all observers agree on. Measurement axes and, newly, measurement o...

We show how imaginary numbers in quantum physics can be eliminated by enlarging the Hilbert space followed by an imposition of—what effectively amounts to—a superselection rule. We illustrate this procedure with a qubit and apply it to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The procedure is somewhat reminiscent of the constrained quantization of the elec...

Nowadays there is a new challenge among scientists, all of us know dark energy spreads the universe by constant index, but the big question is whether the universe expanding without stopping. I am not agreeing, because on the other side, we have dark matter and we know the force of dark matter and dark energy are opposite of each other. In this art...

Based on the hypothesis that the (non-reversible) arrow of time is intrinsic in any system, no matter how small, the consequences are discussed. Within the framework of local quantum physics it is shown how such a semi-group action of time can consistently be extended to that of the group of spacetime translations in Minkowski space. In presence of...

Arrays of Rydberg atoms in the blockade regime realize a wealth of strongly correlated quantum physics, but theoretical analysis beyond the chain is rather difficult. Here we study a tractable model of Rydberg-blockade atoms on the square ladder with a Z2×Z2 symmetry and at most one excited atom per square. We find D4, Z2, and Z3 density-wave phase...

This article presents a scientific framework that investigates the hypothesis positing electrons as miniature black holes. By elucidating a profound mathematical foundation, we reveal intriguing connections between particle physics and cosmology. This framework encompasses the Charge-Mass Relationship, Self-Energy of a Ring Structure, Kerr-Newman M...

This article presents a scientific framework that investigates the hypothesis positing electrons as miniature black holes. By elucidating a profound mathematical foundation, we reveal intriguing connections between particle physics and cosmology. This framework encompasses the Charge-Mass Relationship, Self-Energy of a Ring Structure, Kerr-Newman M...

Quantum mechanics, though empirically validated, confronts numerous interpretive challenges, predominantly centered around the quantum measurement problem. Addressing these challenges, we present a founda-tional approach to quantum mechanics centered on what we introduce as the 'Prescribed Measurement Problem.' This problem can be viewed as an inve...

Quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) is a fundamental quantity in quantum physics, which closely links to diverse fields such as quantum metrology, phase transitions, entanglement witness, and quantum speed limit. It is crucial in quantum parameter estimation, central to the ultimate Cramér-Rao bound. Recently, the evaluation of QFIM using quan...

A reliable secure communication can be given between two remote parties by key sharing, quantum key distribution (QKD) is widely concentrated as the information in QKD is safeguarded by the laws of quantum physics. There are many techniques that deal with quantum key distribution network (QKDN), however, only few of them use machine learning (ML) a...

Synthetic dimension opens new horizons in quantum physics and topological photonics by enabling new dimensions for field and particle manipulations. The most appealing property of the photonic synthetic dimension is its ability to emulate high-dimensional optical behavior in a unitary physical system. Here we show that the photonic synthetic dimens...

Microscopically understanding and classifying phases of matter is at the heart of strongly-correlated quantum physics. With quantum simulations, genuine projective measurements (snapshots) of the many-body state can be taken, which include the full information of correlations in the system. The rise of deep neural networks has made it possible to r...

This research investigates the profound implications of quantum computing on the interplay between Quantum Supremacy and the concept of Parallel Universes. Quantum computing, characterized by its remarkable parallel processing capabilities, has the potential to reshape the landscape of computation. The objective of this study is to explore the pote...

This article is about time travelling and possibility of time travelling with some given examples from Quantum Physics. Enjoy reading !

Although tensor networks are powerful tools for simulating low-dimensional quantum physics, tensor network algorithms are very computationally costly in higher spatial dimensions. We introduce quantum gauge networks : a different kind of tensor network ansatz for which the computation cost of simulations does not explicitly increase for larger spat...

The linear canonical transform (LCT) is a type of integral transform that is widely used as an analytical tool in fields, such as applied mathematics, signal processing, optics, quantum physics, and filter design. In this article, we introduce an extension of the linear canonical transform to functions in the spacetime geometric algebra, termed as...

In recent years, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures and homostructures, which consist of stacks of two-dimensional (2D) materials, have risen to prominence due to their association with exotic quantum phenomena originating from correlated electronic states harbored by them. Atomistic scale relaxation effects play an extremely important role in th...

Matrix-variate Gaussian type or Wishart type distributions in the real domain are widely used in the literature. When the exponential trace has an arbitrary power and when a factor involving a determinant enters into the model or a matrix-variate gamma type or Wishart type model with exponential trace having an arbitrary power, is extremely difficu...

Particles that are atomic and subatomic constitute up the entire cosmos. The laws of the quantum world apply to particles as well. It is essential to unravel the still-mysterious enigma of quantum physics in order to comprehend quantum systems. The intricacy of the human brain is almost as complicated as that of the cosmos. All of the aforementione...

In the past two decades, one of the fascinating subjects in quantum physics has been quantum bits (qubits). Thanks to the superposition principle, the qubits can perform many calculations simultaneously, which will significantly increase the speed and capacity of the calculations. The time when a qubit lives in an excited state is called decoherenc...

Resume This article explores the blurry boundary between subjective human experience and objective reality through the lens of quantum physics and consciousness. It suggests our normal concepts of space, time, and causality may not fully capture an ultimate reality that lies just beyond the limits of human knowledge. The core ideas are to revolve...

The quantum thermal average is a central topic in quantum physics and can be represented by the path integrals. For the computational perspective, the path integral representation (PIR) needs to be approximated in a finite-dimensional space, and the convergence of such approximation is termed as the convergence of the PIR. In this paper, we establi...

Artikelzusammenfassung Dieser Artikel betrachtet die Grenze zwischen menschlicher Erfahrung und Realität aus der Perspektive der Quantenphysik und des Bewusstseins. Er zeigt auf, dass unsere alltäglichen Vorstellungen von Raum, Zeit und Kausalität möglicherweise nicht ausreichen, um die ultimative Realität jenseits unserer menschlichen Erkenntnis v...

Background Epigenetic mechanisms are informational cellular processes instructing normal and diseased phenotypes. They are associated with DNA but without altering the DNA sequence. Whereas chemical processes like DNA methylation or histone modifications are well-accepted epigenetic mechanisms, we herein propose the existence of an additional quant...

The security of data communications is one of the crucial challenges that our society is facing today. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is one of the most prominent methods for guaranteeing ultimate security based on the laws of quantum physics. In this work, the results obtained during the Italian Industry 4.0 Quantum Testbed (II4QuTe) project are r...

If causality is the basis of physics, we must accept a wide definition of objects and within this framework we can prove that the photon is split in a polarizing beam splitter. These objects are not half photons and therefore cannot be measured with a photon detector.

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as one of the leading approaches for machine learning on graph-structured data. Despite their great success, critical computational challenges such as over-smoothing, over-squashing, and limited expressive power continue to impact the performance of GNNs. In this study, inspired from the time-reversal princ...

In this work, we present a quantization scheme for the damped harmonic oscillator (QDHO) using a framework known as momentous quantum mechanics. Our method relies on a semiclassical dynamical system derived from an extended classical Hamiltonian, where the phase-space variables are given by expectation values of observables and quantum dispersions....

In this paper, we explore the historical development of playable quantum physics related games (\textit{\textbf{quantum games}}). For the purpose of this examination, we have collected over 260 quantum games ranging from commercial games, applied and serious games, and games that have been developed at quantum themed game jams and educational cours...

The current manuscript focuses on the solution and analysis of space and time fractional coupled Schrödinger system that belongs to a class of evolution equations. These systems encounter in different fields related to plasma waves, optics, and quantum physics. The fractional He-Laplace approach is proposed for the series form solutions of fraction...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a proven, powerful technique for determining the phase composition, structure, and microstructural features of crystalline materials. The use of machine learning (ML) techniques applied to crystalline materials research has increased significantly over the last decade. This review presents a survey of the scientific liter...

We introduce an exact open system method to describe the dynamics of quantum systems that are strongly coupled to specific types of environments comprising of spins, such as central spin systems. Our theory is similar to the established non-Markovian quantum state diffusion (NMQSD) theory, but for a spin bath instead of a Gaussian bath. The method...

Stable ultracold ensembles of dipolar molecules hold great promise for studies of many-body quantum physics, but high inelastic loss rates have been a long-standing challenge. Recently, gases of fermionic molecules in their ground state have been effectively stabilized by applying external fields. However, for gases of bosonic molecules, which migh...

We derive the basic postulates of quantum physics from a few very simple operational assumptions based exclusively on the relative frequencies of observable events (measurement operations and measurement outcomes). We isolate a notion which can be identified with the system's own state, in the sense that it characterizes the system's probabilistic...

La evaluación escolar tradicional está fuertemente criticada, al menos desde perspectivas teóricas, en las prácticas su uso se mantiene, pero es urgente renovar la evaluación y transitar a la implementación de formas alternativas. En este artículo presento criterios para evaluar alternativamente y un horizonte epistemológico tejido con aportes de l...

The book "Quantum Physics as Number Theory: Part III" consists of 2 parts. In this book I move at the boundaries of my number theoretical skills and understanding and I am forced to used intuition in attempt to understand how number theory and physics might relate in the TGD framework. There are also rather formal speculations related to infinite p...

The topics of this book are the purely geometric aspects of the vision about physics as an infinite-dimensional\index{K\"ahler geometry} K\"ahler geometry of the \blockquote{world of classical worlds}, with classical world identified either as light-like 3-D surface of the unique\index{Bohr orbit} Bohr orbit like 4-surface traversing through it. Th...

The book "Quantum Physics as Number Theory: Part II" consists of 2 parts. The number theoretic vision of TGD has evolved slowly. I have decided to keep also the side tracks so that the chapters reflect this evolution of ideas. \begin{enumerate} \item In the first of the book $M^8-H$ duality is discussed. Here $M^8$ refers to complexified octonion...

The study provided research and experimental verification of the hypothetic-deductive scheme for teaching the theory of quantum physics to secondary school students. The study highlighted the technologies and didactic tools, which help to boost the effectiveness of teaching physics to students and develop their critical thinking. It was found that...

Recent developments in contemporary natural science (including the evolutionary study of perception, cognitive science, and interpretations of quantum physics) incorporate central idealist positions relating to the nature of representation, the role our minds play in structuring our experience of the world, and the properties of the world behind ou...

The development of the modern world is accelerating thanks to many scientific achievements of physics that are being applied in our technological fields. The optic fibers for example contributed in deploying the internet networks around the world and are considered the main current application of light in technologies. However, quantum devices are...

Nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) has been widely adopted to manipulate bilinear systems with dynamics that include products of the inputs and the states. These systems are ubiquitous in chemical processes, mechanical systems, and quantum physics, to name a few. Running a bilinear model predictive control (MPC) controller in real time requi...

Background. Nanoscale conductors based on graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes appear to be promising elements of nanoelectronics devices. Of practical interest are not only their high electrical conductivity, but also high thermal conductivity. Moreover, unlike electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity of these nanoconductors is due n...

The correlations of fluctuations are key to studying fundamental quantum physics and quantum many-body dynamics. They are also useful information for understanding and combating decoherence in quantum technology. Nonlinear spectroscopy and noise spectroscopy are powerful tools to characterize fluctuations, but they can access only very few among th...

The events observable at the atomic scale cannot be adequately explained by classical physics, hence a new conceptual framework for physics must be developed. "Quantum mechanics" is the name given to this new theory of the physical cosmos. The basic formula of relativistic quantum mechanics is the problem of Klein-Gordon. In relativistic quantum ph...

p> We propose an exact new sampling algorithm using classical statistical theory. The algorithm is powered by white noise and non-local information. The proposed method will process an infinite number of rejected samples in parallel before accepting one exact single sample from a target distribution using an optimization mechanism. The algorithm is...

Ambiguities in natural language give rise to probability distributions over interpretations. The distributions are often over multiple ambiguous words at a time; a multiplicity which makes them a suitable topic for sheaf-theoretic models of quantum contextuality. Previous research showed that different quantitative measures of contextuality correla...

The well-known argument of Page and Wootters demonstrates how to “derive" the usual quantum dynamics of a subsystem in a global state which is an eigenstate of the total Hamiltonian. I show how the same argument can be made in classical physics by using a formalism that closely resembles the quantum one. This is not surprising, since the Hamilton–J...

Neutral-atom arrays trapped in optical potentials are a powerful platform for studying quantum physics, combining precise single-particle control and detection with a range of tunable entangling interactions1–3. For example, these capabilities have been leveraged for state-of-the-art frequency metrology4,5 as well as microscopic studies of entangle...

The fluctuation relations, which characterize irreversible processes in nature, are among the most important results in non-equilibrium physics. In short, these relations say that it is exponentially unlikely for us to observe a time-reversed process and, thus, establish the thermodynamic arrow of time pointing from low to high entropy. On the othe...

This is the author's Habilitation which took place at University of Essen on July 11, 1993. The manuscript contains two parts. The first one is devoted to the author's combinatorial construction of mirrors of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in Gorenstein toric Fano varieties. The second one contains author's results on the variation of mixed Hodge structu...

The question of what magnetism is vital to quantum physics. We know what all other quantum phenomenon is, but we did not know what magnetism is. It is not enough to say it is a force because of a charge. That force must be something, for consistencies sake it had to be tested. This paper was written in order to confirm the results that were receive...

Simulating quantum physical processes has been one of the major motivations for quantum information science. Quantum channels, which are completely positive and trace preserving processes, are the standard mathematical language to describe quantum evolution, while in recent years quantum superchannels have emerged as the substantial extension. Supe...

A física quântica, a cibernética, os avanços da biologia, dentre outros campos, demonstram, com inúmeros exemplos, os limites da perspectiva científica analítica, estabelecendo a necessidade de uma perspectiva complexa, que explique as propriedades emergentes das relações entre elementos sistêmicos, em variados graus de interação. As classes domina...

The current theories of quantum physics and general relativity on their own do not allow us to study situations in which the gravitational source is quantum. Here, we propose a strategy to determine the dynamics of objects in the presence of mass configurations in superposition, and hence an indefinite spacetime metric, using quantum reference fram...

The investigations of dark energy and dark matter will enter a new phase with the EUCLID space tele-scope. Many of the previous proposals to explain these two phenomena have so far not yielded the hoped-for results. In the following, a new approach to the solution is presented that starts from a quantum cosmological basis. With the inclusion of ins...

Recently, the author proposed an observationally based relativity theory termed information relativity theory (IRT). The theory is simple and is based only on basic principles, with no prior axioms and no free parameters. For the case of a body of mass in uniform rectilinear motion relative to an observer, the theory transformations uncovered a mat...

The study of algebraic structures endowed with the concept of symmetry is made possible by the link between Lie algebras and symmetric monoidal categories. This relationship between Lie algebras and symmetric monoidal categories is useful and has resulted in many areas, including algebraic topology, representation theory, and quantum physics. In th...

This chapter begins with a presentation of posthumanism/agential realism as a theoretical perspective entangling with early childhood education and care (ECEC), and as an ethical project, crucial for sustainable futures of all earthlings. After presenting the key concepts of Barad (Meeting the universe halfway: quantum physics and the entanglement...

The homogeneous electron liquid is a cornerstone in quantum physics and chemistry. It is an archetypal system in the regime of slowly varying densities in which the exchange-correlation energy can be estimated with many methods. For high densities, the behavior of the ground-state energy is well-known for 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Here, we extend thi...

Monolayer PbSe has been predicted to be a two-dimensional (2D) topological crystalline insulator (TCI) with crystalline symmetry-protected Dirac-cone-like edge states. Recently, few-layered epitaxial PbSe has been grown on the SrTiO3 substrate successfully, but the corresponding signature of the TCI was only observed for films not thinner than seve...

When two or more systems exhibit correlations that are stronger than those that can be explained traditionally, notwithstanding their spatial separation, this phenomenon is known as quantum entanglement. It is regarded as a key component of upcoming quantum technologies and one of the distinctive qualities of quantum physics. The transverse spatial...

Without beings in existence (To Be), there is no science "on them". Existence is not vacuous. Non-vacuous existents are in Extension (Existence-Category 1), i.e., they have parts, they are composed. Both parts and wholes can interact. They cause impacts on a finite number of other existents and on themselves: Change (Existence-Category 2). Change i...

A topological insulator is a material that behaves as an insulator in its interior but whose surface contains conducting states. However, the conducting surface is not the unique character of topological insulators, since the ordinary band insulators can also support conductive surface states. What is special is that the surface states of topologic...

Understanding the intrinsic quantum properties of the asymptotic long-time state is relevant because the quantum physical systems are not entirely isolated. The dissipation, typical of open quantum systems, can destroy coherence and induce a non-unitary evolution. Non-linearities can also give rise to chaos and limit cyclic dynamics in asymptotic...

As the basic protocol of secure multi-party computing, oblivious transfer protocol can not only construct other security protocols but also play a key role in protecting user privacy. With the rapid development of quantum computing, the security of modern cryptography based on mathematical difficulty problems is threatened, so further research on q...

Quantum mechanics has revolutionized our understanding of the physical world. It has helped us explain phenomena that classical physics cannot, such as the behaviour of subatomic particles. However, its implications for biology have been less explored. But the idea that quantum mechanics may play a role in the origin, evolution and even the functio...

The universal number system is the newly discovered largest and extended number system that includes a complex number system within it and also increases logical and numerical accuracy exponentially. The way imaginary numbers are not required unless we deal with negative roots and want to standardize the process. Similarly, this system is only requ...

Quantum physics through the lens of Bayesian statistics considers probability to be a degree of belief and subjective. A Bayesian derivation of the probability density function in phase space is presented. Then, a Kullback–Liebler divergence in phase space is introduced to define interference and entanglement. Comparisons between each of these two...

We present the self-consistent Pauli equation, a semi-relativistic model for charged spin- 1 / 2 1/2 particles with self-interaction with the electromagnetic field. The Pauli equation arises as the O ⁢ ( 1 / c ) O(1/c) approximation of the relativistic Dirac equation. The fully relativistic self-consistent model is the Dirac–Maxwell equation where...

There are many theories that govern the laws of nature, time, and space. However, if we postulate only what we know as mathematical laws and undeniable principles and work from a down up approach, rather than a top-down approach, we may be able to gain a vastly greater understanding of the observable and unobservable universe. Accordingly, in order...

Conventional endocrinology is based upon linear or Newtonian feedback mechanisms. This framework helps in learning and sharing science in a lucid and simple manner, just as Newton’s Laws clarified our understanding of physics. Modern endocrinology and metabolism are more confusing, as exemplified by the multifarious etiopathogenic factors that cont...

How are relativity, gravity and quantum physics unified? Our solution is geometrical: the dynamics of volume. Our solution fulfills the following criteria: We completely use elements of reality. Our solution is derived exactly from physical principles. We use no hypothesis or fit. We achieve precise accordance with observation. We provide precise...

In order to solve the fundamental paradoxes of quantum physics, we must retract from our widely accepted notions regarding spatial and temporal dimensions. In order to do so, a new view must move forward based on precisely objective postulates which are rooted in factual basis only. Although math can never be wrong, our interpretations and applicat...

Establishing quality education as a human right, public undertaking, and common good representative of humanity and the planet through imagining a “new social contract for education” is an ambitious endeavor and crucial to (post)humanity’s myriad ways of knowing, living, and being. This article introduces postcritical educational leadership as an i...

The argument of this article is grounded in the irreducible interference of observational instruments in our interactions with nature in quantum physics and, thus, in the constitution of quantum phenomena versus classical physics, where this interference can, in principle, be disregarded. The irreducible character of this interference was seen by N...

Inspired by foundational studies in classical and quantum physics, and by information retrieval studies in quantum information theory, we prove that the notions of ‘energy’ and ‘entropy’ can be consistently introduced in human language and, more generally, in human culture. More explicitly, if energy is attributed to words according to their freque...

Shinto has stood at the heart of Japanese spiritual worship for two millennia, and in modern times has demonstrated a number of intriguing correlations to various Western disciplines, including the holotropic paradigm and Jungian theory and psychotherapeutic practice. This comparative study analyzes their respective cosmologies, insights, and often...

Este artículo es resultado de abordajes a mis prácticas y experiencias evaluativas desde mi quehacer docente, con el ánimo de enriquecerlas y cualificarlas. Discurre sobre los efectos criticables del paradigma tecno-científico moderno en el acto de evaluar: reducciones, racionalización, cuantificación, calificaciones, aprobación, estandarización, g...

Questa pubblicazione si inserisce in un contesto di rilettura di un articolo pubblicato nel 2020 (Fabbroni R., Resta S., Sanna A., La paura di ammalarsi: andare incontro a ciò che si voleva evitare, Rivista Scienze Biofisiche (11/2020) e aggiornato con le ultime conoscenze scientifiche relative alla Psiche-Somatica. Il lavoro precedente rimane vali...

The present essay deals with the role of sound (phonon wave-particles), in the formation of dipole Bipolarons, seen as being instrumental in describing the origin and nature of Gravity/Dark energy, through dual charge interactions with a primordial structured vacuum lattice. Since Einstein described gravity in his General Theory of Relativity, as a...

The project QuantumVisions (https://www.quantumvisions.net/en/) provides a visual approach to quantum physics. In a period of 15 years (2008-2023), more than 100 short animation movies have been produced. Based on well-established mathematical and experimental results, a visual language is introduced for quantum states, entanglement, the measuremen...

We reveal in detail how the definition of the inner product on a given complex Hilbert space - usually used in mathematics (where linearity is assumed in the first component and semilinearity in the second) - directly links to Dirac's powerful bra-ket formalism in quantum physics. To this end, we just have to make use of the conjugate of a complex...

Scopo di questo articolo è fornire una comprensione ampia di quelli che sono i fenomeni energetici sovrastanti i fenomeni di natura biochimica conosciuti e fornire così una visione sistemica della vita affinché sia più ampia la conoscenza dello stato di benessere/malessere della persona e dei fenomeni ampi, di natura biofisica informazionale che ne...

La Teoria della Differenziazione Elettrodebole ha lo scopo di fornire una comprensione ampia di quelli che sono i fenomeni energetici sovrastanti i fenomeni di natura biochimica conosciuti e fornire così una visione sistemica della vita affinché sia più ampia la conoscenza dello stato di benessere/malessere della persona e dei fenomeni ampi, di nat...

Quantum mechanics is a theory that is as effective as it is counterintuitive. While quantum practices operate impeccably, they compel us to embrace enigmatic phenomena like the collapse of the state vector and non-locality, thereby pushing us towards untenable "hypotheses non fingo" stances. However, a century after its inception, we are presented...

Este artigo apresenta a segunda parte de um estudo semiótico a respeito das estratégias mobilizadas pelas pseudociência para explorar dificuldades no processo de comunicação científica (para público amplo). Na primeira parte, apresentamos o que chamamos de “hipótese do afastamento progressivo”. A hipótese se refere à tendência de que – conforme a c...

Bound-state formation is a classic feature of quantum mechanics, where a particle localizes in the vicinity of an attractive potential. This is typically understood as the particle lowering its potential energy. In this article, we discuss a paradigm where bound states arise purely due to kinetic-energy considerations. This phenomenon occurs in cer...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen remarkable advancements in recent years, yet there remains uncharted territory in its union with quantum physics, topology, and metaphysics. This speculative essay explores the concept of Quantum Topological Metaphysical AI (QTM-AI), a groundbreaking proposition that integrates these diverse fields. It delves i...

Resumo Neste artigo, propomos um cálculo físico filosoficamente inspirado da matéria inerte, baseado na ideia de que a matéria é composta por partículas elementares que interagem entre si através de forças fundamentais. O cálculo consiste em atribuir a cada partícula uma função de onda que descreve a sua probabilidade de existir em diferentes ponto...

Despite the increasing interest in quantum computing, the aspect of development to achieve cost-effective and reliable quantum software applications has been slow. One barrier is the software engineering of quantum programs, which can be approached from two directions. On the one hand, many software engineering practices, debugging in particular, a...