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Quantitative - Science topic

The term quantitative refers to a type of information based in quantities or else quantifiable data (objective properties) —as opposed to qualitative information which deals with apparent qualities (subjective properties). It may also refer to mass, time, or productivity.
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I am working on my bachelor's thesis. For the thesis, I have done a semi-structured questionnaire with both quantitative questions but also open questions. Isn't it then a mixed method since I used both quantitative and qualitative data collecting in the survey and have analyzed the data both quantitive and qualitatively?
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Ainur Bazarbayeva I agree that it could be a convergent design, but I just finished a study where I examined over 200 studies that claimed to use this design or its equivalent, and the number that had problems with integration was quite high. Too, often the quantitative study tested hypotheses, while the qualitative study produced themes, with no connection between them.
So, I'll repeat what I said earlier: just using two different methods is not enough to make something a mixed methods study. In particular, if each half of the study could be published separately without any reference to the other method, then that is definitely not mixed methods.
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I'm carrying out a qualitative systematic review on the barriers to screening uptake. Following my search and screening for primary studies to be included, I ended up with 5 primary studies. 3 of these studies stated that they used quantitative cross-sectional study designs, however after reading these three studies, I have realized that they provide qualitative evidence, that is, they discuss experiences and barriers to screening which is relevant to my review. Given that my review is qualitative, can I use the qualitative data from these quantitative studies, provided I state this in my selection criteria?
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Yes, you can use the qualitative data from those quantitative studies. In your inclusion criteria, state that you’ll include studies with qualitative insights, even if the overall design is quantitative. For example, mention: "Studies were included if they provided qualitative data on screening barriers, regardless of study design."
When extracting data, focus only on the qualitative parts (e.g., participant experiences). In your review, explain your approach clearly, such as: "Although three studies were quantitative, they provided qualitative data on barriers to screening, which was extracted for this review."
This ensures clarity and transparency in your methodology.
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I am researching quantum kernel methods for classification tasks, focusing on mapping classical data into high-dimensional Hilbert spaces using parameterized quantum circuits. My goal is to design quantum feature maps that not only leverage quantum parallelism but are also robust against noise and decoherence inherent in current quantum hardware.
  • Design challenges: What are the best practices for constructing quantum feature maps that maintain high fidelity and generalize well in the presence of NISQ-level noise?
  • Performance evaluation: How can we quantitatively compare the classification performance of quantum kernels against classical kernels like RBF or polynomial kernels?
I am looking for theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, or benchmark experiments that address these challenges and offer guidelines for practical implementations in real-world high-dimensional datasets.
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Quantum kernel methods can outperform classical kernel approaches in classification tasks by exploiting quantum feature spaces that are exponentially large and inaccessible to classical algorithms.
Key Advantages of Quantum Kernels:
1. Exponential Feature Mapping:
Quantum circuits encode classical input data into quantum states via feature maps:
|\psi(x)\rangle = U_\phi(x) |0\rangle
The inner product \langle \psi(x) | \psi(x{\prime}) \rangle defines a kernel function in a high-dimensional Hilbert space, potentially offering superior representational power.
2. Implicit Nonlinear Transformations:
Unlike classical kernels (e.g., polynomial, RBF), quantum kernels achieve nonlinear transformations through entanglement and superposition, capturing complex correlations with fewer resources.
3. Data-Dependent Geometry:
Quantum kernels can be tailored to exploit the structure of specific datasets, allowing for data-driven expressivity that may be difficult to replicate with handcrafted classical kernels.
4. State Overlap Fidelity:
Many quantum kernels are based on state fidelity — measuring the overlap between quantum states representing different inputs. This naturally encodes similarity using quantum geometry rather than Euclidean distance.
Challenges to Consider:
• Noise in Near-Term Devices:
Quantum noise can corrupt kernel evaluations, especially on NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) hardware.
• Feature Map Selection:
Choosing a quantum feature map that provides real advantage over classical kernels is an ongoing research challenge.
• Scalability and Sampling:
Estimating quantum kernels often requires repeated quantum circuit executions; efficient sampling strategies are essential to remain competitive.
Conclusion:
Quantum kernel methods excel when the structure of the problem maps naturally into a quantum Hilbert space where similarity is better captured than in classical space. Their success relies heavily on feature map design, device quality, and theoretical understanding of where quantum advantage emerges.
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I often see scholars using this method in the design research process, but some say it is qualitative and some say it is quantitative. I don’t know how to distinguish them.
I look forward to your discussion and answers.
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I agree with David L Morgan but have worked on some AHP projects. Other fields use the word "qualitative" differently than social sciences. In AHP, qualitative means assessing the quality of items of interest by scoring them; the scores are not necessarily hard measurements. Hence, the meaning of qualitative can vary between fields. Here is but one such example:
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Hi team,
I have a query about mixed-methods research, particularly sequential explanatory design. I have completed a study assessing the effectiveness of a health behavioral intervention in improving health-related quality of life in people with Type 2 diabetes, measured by the EQ5D tool. This paper is currently under review.
Currently, I am working on a follow-up qualitative paper, which aims to gain deeper insights into participants' perceptions about their quality of life, lived experience with Type 2 diabetes, and how the intervention affected them in various domains of their lives. So, basically, the qualitative paper further explores the meaning of prior quantitative findings. However, since this paper will be a separate journal publication from the previous quantitative paper, can I indicate in my qualitative paper, that it has a sequential explanatory design? I will not be including quantitative findings in this qualitative paper, so I am not sure if I can say it follows the sequential explanatory design. Or, can I frame the sentence around something like - this qualitative paper is a follow-up phase of a larger sequential mixed-methods research, and cite the quantitative paper directing the readers/reviewers to refer to the quantitative paper for quantitative findings?
Look forward to hearing from experts on this matter and understanding what the most appropriate way is.
Thank you!
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Mixed methods is one study, not two separate publications. A mixed methods plan involves deciding on the timing and sample as well as methods to produce integrated findings. Many studies, being too large, can be broken into 2 discrete studies. A key is being 2 separate publications, both studies should stand on their own (meaning if a reader only read one article, everything would make sense). Preferable and common is stating the second study builds on the first, which can be cited and explained.
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I want to cluster the 18 sesame cultivars using 9 quantitative traits I observed in the field and lab.
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You can perform a clustering analysis with 18 genotypes and 9 variables. However, with a small sample size (18 genotypes), the clustering results might be less reliable, especially if the data lacks clear separation. Ensure that your variables are meaningful and standardised.
Methods like hierarchical clustering or k-means can be applied, but validation techniques (e.g., silhouette score, gap statistic) should be used to assess cluster quality. If possible, increasing the sample size would improve robustness.
Consider dimensionality reduction (e.g., PCA) to visualise cluster separation effectively.
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Dear Colleagues,
If you had to recommend a good book about ‘quantitative and qualitative research methods’ for PhD students in industrial or management engineering at the beginning of their research, what would you recommend?
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For PhD students in industrial or management engineering, I recommend the following books on quantitative and qualitative research methods:
1. Mixed Methods Research
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.).
A great introduction to combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, which is useful for interdisciplinary engineering research.
2. Quantitative Research Methods
Montgomery, D. C., & Runger, G. C. (2020). Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers (7th ed.).
A solid foundation in statistical methods, particularly useful for process optimization, operations research, and reliability studies.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.).
Essential for learning factor analysis, regression, and SEM, commonly used in management and industrial engineering.
3. Qualitative Research Methods
Yin, R. K. (2017). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.).
Valuable for case study-based research, a common approach in technology management and innovation studies.
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges.
A useful paper on building theories from case studies.
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How to convert quantitative data into qualitative data?
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The above answer is AI and makes no sense. EFA and CFA have nothing to do with creating qualitative data.
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Good day,
Asking Permission to adapt research instrument for my thesis A Master in Criminology in relation to Cyberbullying as per identification, prevention and management?
All your measurement will be paraphrased and author will be recognized and acknowledged.
Thanks more power
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If the instrument is not copyrighted, technically, you would not have to get permission to modify or use it. However, it would be common courtesy to seek permission and input from the original author. I would even go the extra mile of asking the original author to review my revised instrument and the methodology I was planning to use.
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I have data of qualitative and quantitative of tree. I need to combine the qualitative and quantitative data to find the any statistical hypothesis.
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I doubt that you can administer a questionnaire to a tree.
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Hi all,
I want to conduct a meta analysis and for the first step we identified the corresponding corpus of articles related to the topic/ research theme.
The next step, as far as I understand , is to find all the quantitative contributions. Currently, because it is a fairly well studied theme, there is a total of approximately one thousand articles.
How is it possible to identify all the quantitative contributions in this big list of articles other than downloading the 1k articles and scanning manually through all of them?
Is there a specific method or tool to do that ? I don't think databases such as WOS or Scopus have a specific filter.
thank you in advance for your help!
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There are some fairly well validated study type filters that can help, for example for RCTs. You can add them into your search strategy. There are also some reasonable AI tools for study type classification.
The normal process for a systematic review/meta analysis would be to download the titles and abstracts of your thousand papers into a software such as EPPI reviewer or covidence or one of the free options and do a 'sift on title and abstract to remove the ones that don't match your population/intervention/control/outcomes that you set out in your protocol. That should reduce the numbers enough that you can order the remainder at full text to check in detail for whether they are includes or not.
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Is it percentage? and what type of securities that you use for this research
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Ok, thank you for the answer Saniya Verma ! I am working on my research thesis on quantitative easing during the pandemic in ASEAN countries, where these countries only made asset purchase once (usually during early pandemic), do you have any suggestions on how I can get the ratio of security to total assets?
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In the realm of academic research, the choice of research design plays a crucial role in shaping the outcomes and the interpretation of findings. One such design that has gained significant attention in recent years is mixed methods research (MMR). Mixed methods research combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches within a single study, drawing on the strengths of both methodologies to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. While qualitative research focuses on exploring complex phenomena and understanding the meanings behind behaviors or experiences, quantitative research aims to measure variables and test hypotheses through numerical data. By integrating these two approaches, mixed methods research provides a richer, more refined perspective on the research question. This article explores the fundamentals of mixed methods research designs, the types of mixed methods designs, their benefits and challenges, and provides practical guidance for researchers who wish to use this approach in their studies. Mixed methods research involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study. It is grounded in the belief that combining qualitative and quantitative approaches can provide a more complete picture of a research problem than using either method alone. In a mixed methods study, qualitative data might involve interviews, focus groups, or open-ended survey responses, while quantitative data typically includes numerical data such as surveys with Likert scales, statistical analysis, or experiments. The integration of these data types allows researchers to capitalize on the strengths of both methodologies. Key Characteristics of Mixed Methods Research 1. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data Mixed methods research combines numerical data (quantitative) with textual or narrative data (qualitative) in a single study. The integration of both data types provides a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. 2. Philosophical foundation Mixed methods research draws on both positivist and constructivist paradigms. Positivism underpins the quantitative aspects of research, focusing on objective measurement and hypothesis testing, while constructivism informs the qualitative aspects, emphasizing an understanding of lived experiences and meanings. 3. Purposeful integration Mixed methods research is not simply about collecting both types of data; it involves a purposeful integration of qualitative and quantitative findings to offer complementary insights, build on each other, or provide a more robust analysis.
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Explicit!
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What is the mechanism for measuring the application of sustainable development in its dimensions (social, economic and environmental dimensions) quantitatively in companies?
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Quantitative measurement of the implementation of sustainable development in enterprises involves using indicators and methodologies that cover the three main dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. Below are the primary mechanisms used:
1. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
Companies use specific, measurable indicators for each dimension:
  • Environmental dimension:CO₂ emissions (tons per year) Energy consumption per unit of product Use of renewable energy sources (in percentages) Waste generation and recycling rate
  • Social dimension:Employee satisfaction (measured through surveys) Workplace injury rate Community investment (percentage of revenue) Diversity and inclusion (representation percentages by category)
  • Economic dimension:Revenue from sustainable products/services Cost efficiency (measured through investment-to-profit ratio) Profitability and long-term stability
2. Sustainability Indices and Standards
Internationally recognized standards and indices enable quantitative measurement:
  • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): Standards for sustainability reporting focusing on environmental, social, and economic aspects.
  • Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) indicators: Alignment of company activities with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.
  • Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP): Monitoring carbon emissions and climate risks.
  • ISO Standards: ISO 14001 for environmental management, ISO 26000 for social responsibility.
3. Eco-Economic Analyses
  • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): Analysis of a product's life cycle to measure environmental impact.
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA): Evaluation of the economic feasibility of sustainable investments.
4. ESG Criteria
  • Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) criteria form the basis for measurement and reporting. These include both financial and non-financial indicators, such as:Investments in sustainable projects. Indicators of governance and ethical practices.
5. Use of Digital Tools
Modern technologies, such as Big Data analytics, IoT devices, and AI algorithms, enable real-time monitoring and analysis, especially for environmental indicators.
By applying these mechanisms, companies can quantify their progress in sustainable development and align their strategies with global sustainability goals.
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I am in the process of publishing a qualitative case study paper and I have used the following terms; correlated, significance and indirect effects to describe the qualitative results. However, I have been asked to change these terms as they are not qualitative terms but are quantitative terms. I'm not sure what I can substitute these words for, has anyone got an idea?
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For correlated, try "related" or even "strongly related."
For significant, try "substantial."
For indirect effect, spell out the path (e.g.," A is related to C through its connections to B.")
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I've to make an analisys about a quantitative and empirical research about same topics in education but i didn't find something interesting
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The first step is accessing data, and if you are time-limited seeing what data are available in your local school system, country, etc. Most countries collect much education data, but do not have time to do all the analyses themselves.
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I am doing educational research (mixed methodology), which involves responses from multiple stakeholders. Quantitative phase has 2 types of respondents and qualitative has 3 types. How can i do the sampling for the entire study?
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Can you say more about what kind of research design you are using for your mixed methods? For example, sequential exploratory, sequential explanatory, or convergent?
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Can anyone tell me how to choose an internal standard for quantitative phase analysis using Rietveld refinement? I found that the corundum is a relatively common internal standard. Besides, ZnO is also used as internal standard. The second quesiton is how to determine the weight percentage of the internal standard added? Many thanks.
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Thanks for your response Dr. Dalibor Matýsek
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Effective data analysis is crucial for producing meaningful and reliable results in academic research. Here’s a tip to help you enhance your data analysis skills:
Utilize a Combination of Quantitative and Qualitative Techniques
Combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques can provide a more comprehensive understanding of your research topic. Here’s how you can do it:
1. Quantitative Analysis:
• Descriptive Statistics: Use measures like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance to summarize your data.
• Inferential Statistics: Apply techniques such as t-tests, chi-square tests, ANOVA, and regression analysis to make inferences about your population based on sample data.
• Data Visualization: Create charts, graphs, and plots (e.g., histograms, scatter plots) to visually represent your data and identify patterns or trends.
2. Qualitative Analysis:
• Thematic Analysis: Identify and analyze themes or patterns within qualitative data (e.g., interview transcripts, open-ended survey responses).
• Content Analysis: Systematically categorize and code textual data to quantify the presence of certain words, themes, or concepts.
• Narrative Analysis: Examine the stories and personal accounts within your data to understand the context and meaning behind them.
Integrating Both Approaches:
• Mixed Methods: Combine quantitative and qualitative data to validate your findings and provide a richer, more nuanced perspective. For example, use qualitative insights to explain unexpected quantitative results or to explore areas not covered by numerical data.
• Triangulation: Use multiple data sources, methods, or theories to cross-verify your results, enhancing the credibility and validity of your research.
By mastering both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques, you can produce more robust and insightful academic research. Start experimenting with these methods today to elevate the quality of your work!
Feel free to ask at support@hamnicwritingservices.com if you need more detailed guidance on any specific data analysis technique. Happy analyzing!
#datanalysis #quantitativeanalysis #qualitativeanalysis #mixedmethods #dissertation #thesis #researchproject #researchproposal
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That's also true, Hussein Chible
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Is there anyone to throw light on Data triangulation"- for the quantitative and qualitative data ?
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I am sorry for the delay -- I wrote a reply earlier but apparently ResearchGate 'lost" it. I wrote a response to the original Fetters and Molina JMMR editorial, "Commentary—After Triangulation, What Next?" which is available for download here.
With regard to synergy, I am not a great believer in this metaphor, but you might take a look at another JMMR editorial. this time by Fetters and Freshwaters, "The 1 + 1 =2 3 Integration Challenge."
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please I will be grateful if someone can assist me to modify my research objectives into a Quantitative objectives. on stand by
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You will need to say more about your research topic and design, so people can decide whether they can help you.
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In case of QD film, FRET phenomenon occur , Donor QD transfer energy to acceptor QD molecule. How that transferred energy is utilized by the acceptor molecule? is there any quantitative relation or equation which can tell us the utilization of that energy by the acceptor molecule?
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FRET is one of the many ways to put energy in the electronic states of a molecule. Because the excitation stays in the singlet excited state for more than 1 ps, the phase of the state is lost due to collisions with the solvent. The phase is lost as well as the memory of history of the excited state. It will then reacts in the same way than a usual photon excited excited state.
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As we know, the "sequential explanatory" research design begins with the quantitative phase and continues with the qualitative phase.
I found a problem when one of the students stated that his research used this design, but in the quantitative phase, he did not test the relationship/correlation between variables. He only did a descriptive quantitative.
What do you think, Professor, Sir and Madam?
Can research design be called "sequential explanatory" if the initial phase was only quantitative descriptive research?
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The type of quantitative analysis does not have to be a specific type, such as correlation. Descriptive statistics can be quite powerful and useful, as pointed out and championed by Stanley Pogrow. Everything depends on your research purposes and aims. Admittedly, most journals prize sophistication, but simplicity has a lot to offer.
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Crystal defect and yield Quantum?
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How to calculate the Quantum yield?
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None.
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Conventionally, 10% of your sample size (after adjusting for non-response).
.. in this case, 4.5: approximately 5.
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Quantitatively
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Penny Morgan
For n_clusters = 2 The average silhouette_score is : 0.7049787496083262
For n_clusters = 3 The average silhouette_score is : 0.5882004012129721
For n_clusters = 4 The average silhouette_score is : 0.6505186632729437
For n_clusters = 5 The average silhouette_score is : 0.561464362648773
For n_clusters = 6 The average silhouette_score is : 0.4857596147013469
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How do we convert a qualitative interview to a quantitative format say on a scale of -5 to +5? Is it possible ? I would be immensely grateful if somebody can comment on this.
Regards
Mr Debapriyo Nag
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Two ideas:
1. Machine learning is regularly used to quantitize qualitative data.
2. There can be major downsides. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768355/
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Are there quantitative ways of measuing creativity?
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Measuring creativity Álvaro Augusto Dealcides Silveira Moutinho Bahls is a complex and multifaceted endeavor, as creativity itself is a subjective and context-dependent construct. However, researchers and practitioners have developed various methods and tools to assess creativity across different domains. No single method can fully encapsulate the complexity of creativity, and many researchers advocate for a multi-method approach that combines quantitative and qualitative measures. The choice of measurement tools often depends on the specific goals of the research or evaluation, the population being studied, and the context in which creativity is expressed.
Examples:
Brain Imaging Studies: Techniques such as fMRI and EEG can investigate the neurological basis of creativity, identifying brain regions activated during creative tasks and the patterns of brain activity associated with creative thinking.
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT): Developed by E. Paul Torrance, these tests are among the most widely used measures of creativity. They assess divergent thinking through verbal and figural tasks, examining fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration.
Creative Problem-Solving Tasks: These tasks can involve real-world scenarios where individuals must generate innovative solutions, often observed in group settings.
Social Network Analysis: Measuring creativity in collaborative environments may involve analyzing the interactions among group members and the diversity of ideas generated.
Creative Personality Scale (CPS): Participants rate themselves on various traits believed to be associated with creativity, such as openness to experience, tolerance for ambiguity, and risk-taking.
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My question is related to Research Methodologies (NOT Research Methods). In the field computing or information systems, what research methodologies can we recommend for undergraduates? I mean similar to Design Science Research Methodology(DSRM), any other methodologies that we can recommend in this discipline without just mentioning the qualitative, quantitative or mixed methodologies.
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Thanks, Areef Said Houssaini, for sharing the answer. I found Action Research, Case Study Research, Ethnography, and Critical Research in addition to Grounded Theory.
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“You cannot predict [an earthquake] in the sense that there is no developed theory. There are many hypotheses, one might say, scientific ones, but these are still phenomenological models of earthquake preparation. On this basis, it is impossible to build an earthquake prediction system that would be comparable to, say, a weather forecast. This is one side of the matter - that there is no developed quantitative theory of preparation <...> In fact, the trouble with all the signs [of earthquakes] is that sometimes they are observed, but an earthquake does not occur. Which is just as bad as the fact that an earthquake occurs, but they are not observed. Why do I think the first one is very bad? Because false alarms that can spread in such a situation, and panic undermine confidence in this, as in some kind of serious matter, ”said Ruben Eduardovich.
Why does Tatevosyan lie so shamelessly?
If he does not agree with Rogozhin and Nikolaev, then let him prove it openly!
«Нельзя предвидеть [землетрясение] в том смысле, что не существует разработанной теории. Есть много гипотез, можно сказать, научных, но это все-таки феноменологические модели подготовки землетрясения. На этом основании нельзя построить систему прогноза землетрясения, которая была бы сопоставима, скажем, с прогнозом погоды. Это одна сторона дела – то, что нет разработанной количественной теории подготовки <…> На самом деле беда всех признаков [землетрясений] заключается в том, что иногда они наблюдаются, а землетрясение не происходит. Что так же плохо, как и то, что землетрясение происходит, а они не наблюдаются. Почему я первое считаю очень плохим? Потому что ложные тревоги, которые в такой ситуации могут распространяться, и паника подрывают доверие к этому, как к какому-то серьезному делу», – рассказал Рубен Эдуардович.
Зачем Татевосян так бессовестно лжет?
Если он не согласен с Рогожиным и Николаевым, то пусть докажет это открыто!
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@Johannes Schweitzer
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Greetings!
I am looking for materials on quantitative and qualitative research. What are the methods of collecting information and the principles of their implementation?
I would like to make an assessment of the city's restaurant market.
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Shashi Kant Singh sure! 2 heads better =)
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Autonomous Language Learning can be implemented from primary to tertiary education. Practioners and students report on its effectiveness, however, there appears to be little quantitative or qualitative research on the results and benefits of this approach.
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Autonomous Language Learning (ALL) has a positive effect on both linguistic competence and communicative skills. It improves language abilities, encourages student autonomy, and enhances metacognition.
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Pir Hassan Ali Shah post a question: How to do quantitative and qualitative data analysis after data collection? Give and review the answer in brief.
All family members, friends, associates, colleagues, scholars, bachelor, master, and graduate students, researchers, teachers of schools, professors of college and university, deans, faculty, staff, alumni, PhD and Mphil scholars, social media groups, and the general public who have collected the data but don't know how to analyse it properly. 
 
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A good research project is founded on a clear and researchable question. In quantitative research, we process numbers, while in qualitative research, we process words. The two methodologies originate from different epistemologies. However, if you are utilizing mixed methods, be very clear about which approach is more appropriate for answering your research question. Is it the sequential explanatory, the sequential exploratory, or the parallel mixed method?
For the 'explanatory' approach, your qualitative dimension will explore deeper your major quantitative findings, and in the process, you will generate emerging themes. For the 'exploratory' approach, your starting point is qualitative research (e.g., focus group discussions, interviews), and your quantitative dimension will try to quantify these themes in the questionnaire. All procedures under the quantitative methodology must be correctly followed.
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Japan suffers the loss of 2 decades economically despite the quantitative easing since 2000. As USA and EU have applied for the quantitative easing in recovering the economies from shock and have recovered then. But, why Japan has not recovered from quantitative easing?
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The BoJ is not buying securities to recapitalize their banks. The BoJ wires CBDC directly to the other Japanese banks, who distribute it equally to producers & consumers and keep growing their economy, but at a Zero state, meaning no inflation or deflation. Interest rates are close to zero, if not zero (itself). So, the QE effects are brilliantly disguised and are showing up as being ineffective.
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Hello, could you please give me precise details of the antibodies that can be used to perform quantitative immunofluorescence of AT1Rs in the mouse brain?
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Antibodies produced i rabbits please follow of binding of Herolog ous anti brain antibodies to mouse B cells
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Hi everyone, I have a question. I am conducting a quantitative study for a competency project. I'm interested in using Rotter's Locus of Control scale to study the impact of racial/ethnic identity, athletic identity, and locus of control on social justice movements within collegiate athletics. Rotter has passed away and the person whose contact information is linked with the scale is no longer working. How would I obtain permission to use his scale? Or do you have suggestions for other locus of control scales that could be used for my study? Thank you!
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If you check Google scholar, I am guessing you will find that this particular scale has been used in thousands of studies over the past several decades. As such, I would consider it to be "public domain."
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Counting the numbers of intraepidermal nerve fibers
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Intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) play a crucial role in diagnosing peripheral neuropathies. These small nerve fibers are located within the epidermis of the skin and can provide valuable information about disease progression, tissue responses to treatments, and the pathogenesis of peripheral nervous system disorders1.
Here are some key points about IENFs:
  1. Purpose and Importance:Skin biopsies, specifically analyzing IENFs, have become an essential diagnostic tool for neurologists. Reduction in epidermal nerve density is a common neuropathologic abnormality observed in skin biopsies. Assessing changes in the morphology and density of IENFs helps diagnose and predict peripheral neuropathies. It also provides insights into disease progression and tissue responses to regenerative treatments.
  2. Counting Techniques: Two counting methods have evolved: Counting Across Epidermal Basement Membrane:This method involves counting only the nerve fibers that cross the epidermal basement membrane. It provides a quantitative measure of IENFs. Including Isolated Nerve Fragments:This approach includes isolated nerve fragments within the epidermis, even if they do not cross the basement membrane. Both methods offer valuable diagnostic information1.
  3. Immunohistochemical Analysis:Epidermal nerve fiber density testing involves immunohistochemical analysis of a punch biopsy of skin. It quantifies the number of unmyelinated C-fibers and myelinated A delta-fibers within the epidermis per unit area2.
  4. Visualizing IENFs:Using an immunostain against protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, researchers can visualize and count IENFs. These fibers consist of unmyelinated C-fibers and thinly myelinated Aδ fibers. The ability to visualize and quantify IENFs from relatively noninvasive skin biopsies has significantly advanced research and clinical care for peripheral nerve diseases3.
In summary, assessing IENFs through skin biopsies provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information, contributing to our understanding of peripheral neuropathies and potential treatment approaches1.
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We produced scFv of an antibody from bacteria. Now we want to establish dissociation Kd of antibody using quantitative elisa.
How can i know the expected Kd value (range in nM, or mM)?
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If you do not have prior information on the affinity of your scFv, it's reasonable to start with a broad range that covers common antibody affinities. Based on typical affinities, a starting range of 0.1 nM to 1 µM should be adequate.
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Good day! I am an undergrad and we are currently conducting a research with mixed approach. It has 2 phases, starting with the qualitative phase to quantitative phase. In quali, we plan to get the general internal resources (GIR) needed by PLCs to comply with sustainability disclosure requirements. After we get the GIR based on their responses, we will then ask the SMEs to get the level of existence of such GIR on them when they're preparing sustainability disclosure requirements (this is the quantitative phase). We're having a hard time because we do not know if T-test, Correlational, or Regression is applicable because our variables for quanti are independent.
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Good day!
It sounds like you have a well-structured mixed-methods research design. To address your concern about which statistical analysis is appropriate for your quantitative phase, let's break down the steps and considerations:
1. Qualitative Phase:
  • Objective: Identify the General Internal Resources (GIR) needed by PLCs to comply with sustainability disclosure requirements.
  • Method: Collect qualitative data (e.g., interviews, focus groups) and analyze them to identify key internal resources.
2. Quantitative Phase:
  • Objective: Assess the level of existence of these GIRs in SMEs when they are preparing sustainability disclosure requirements.
  • Data Collection: Use a survey or questionnaire to quantify the existence of each identified GIR in SMEs.
Determining the Statistical Analysis:
Nature of Your Data:
  • Independent Variables: These are likely the GIRs identified from the qualitative phase.
  • Dependent Variables: If you have a specific outcome related to the sustainability disclosures (e.g., quality or comprehensiveness of the disclosures), this would be your dependent variable.
Analysis Options:
Given that your independent variables (GIRs) are potentially numerous and independent, you have a few options:
A. T-Tests
  • Use When: Comparing means between two groups.
  • Example: If you had a binary grouping variable (e.g., high vs. low performing SMEs), you could use t-tests to compare the existence levels of GIRs between these two groups.
B. Correlation
  • Use When: Assessing the strength and direction of the relationship between two continuous variables.
  • Example: You can use correlation to see if there is a relationship between the level of a specific GIR and the quality of the sustainability disclosures.
C. Regression Analysis
  • Use When: You want to understand the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable.
  • Example: Multiple regression could be used if you have one dependent variable (e.g., quality of sustainability disclosures) and several independent variables (levels of different GIRs).
Steps for Regression Analysis:
  1. Define the Dependent Variable: Decide what specific outcome you are measuring for sustainability disclosures.
  2. Identify Independent Variables: These will be the levels of existence of each GIR.
  3. Check Assumptions: Ensure your data meets the assumptions for regression analysis (linearity, independence, homoscedasticity, normality).
  4. Run the Regression Analysis: Use software like R, SPSS, or even Excel to run your regression model.
Recommendations:
  • Start Simple: Begin with correlation analysis to understand the relationships between individual GIRs and your outcome variable.
  • Move to Regression: If you have a clear outcome variable, use multiple regression to see the combined effect of all GIRs on the outcome.
Example Steps:
  1. Collect Data: Quantify the level of each GIR in SMEs.
  2. Preliminary Analysis: Use descriptive statistics to summarize the data.
  3. Correlation Analysis: Check correlations between GIRs and the outcome variable.
  4. Regression Analysis: Use multiple regression to identify which GIRs are significant predictors of the outcome variable.
  5. Good luck with your research! If you have further questions, feel free to ask.
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Hi, I need help.
I am conducting a systematic review of quantitative research. However, several of the studies I have included are MMR, and I want to assess the quality of those articles using certain tools.
What kind of critical appraisal tools should be used to assess quantitative data from MMR papers? Should it depend on what method of quantitative data they gather? or something different?
Thank you.
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I agree with David Morgan. All quantitative studies, regardless of type of study, should be evaluated by the diagnostics, sample, and practical effects. There is no difference by what was done before or after.
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Looking for biochemical assays for quantitative estimation of Albumin and Casein protein.
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If you have pure proteins in solution, you can use any of several protein assay kits that are commercially available (examples, BCA assay and Bradford assay). Each one requires a standard. The standard, in these cases, can be the same protein that you are measuring, since they can be purchased.
If the pure proteins are in a solution in which there is nothing else that absorbs in the far UV, you can use the method of Gill and von Hippel to calculate the molar extinction coefficient (or look it up somewhere), and measure the UV absorbance to get the concentration. This method requires a solution of 8 M guanidine-HCl to fully denature the protein.
Gill, S.C. and von Hippel, P.H. (1989). Calculation of protein extinction coefficients from amino acid sequence data. Anal. Biochem. 182:319-26
The refractive index of the solution of pure proteins can be used to measure the concentration of the protein, using the refractive index increment (dn/dc) for globular proteins (0.185 mL·g−1), if a refractometer is available.
For pure proteins, you can send them to a specialist lab to measure the concentrations by amino acid analysis.
If the proteins are present in mixtures, then you can use an ELISA kit with specificity to the protein of interest. These can be purchased, but are expensive. Standards of the same proteins of known concentration are required, and should be supplied with the kit.
If the protein of interest is a major component in a mixture, a semi-quantitative method would be to use SDS-PAGE, Coomassie Blue staining, and densitometry to measure the percentage of stain in the band corresponding to the protein of interest, and compare that to the total protein concentration measured by some other method, such as Bradford or BCA. This requires a densitometer or gel imager with this capability.
There are a variety of other possibilities, depending on the nature of the sample, the availability of a standard of comparison, and the available equipment.
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Good morning,
I am 48yr old House wife and decided this is it I am going back to do my Honours in Psychology...and then Research Methodoly happened. Now not so deterimened as I was before WHERE do I START?
I have google several platforms for beginners luck but oi! not sure if its them or me that miss understand the word BEGINNER.
I would apprecieted any assistance or guidance as to where I can get some guidance on this quantitative correlation big group retrospective qualitiative concept measure ........etc
Thank you for your time ...much appreciated
aka "Research Mom"
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A good (and accessible) beginners textbook on research methods is Creswell and Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods.
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I am writing my dissertation and I am thinking of using an exploratory sequential design. I intend to collect a qualitative data that will inform my quantitative study. My intention is to use the information from my qualitative data to construct a Quantitative instrument but I may not be able to test the instrument due to time constraint. How best can I describe the method I am trying to use. I would also appreciate any literature out there that can be helpful to guide me. Thank you!
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You are very reasonable to consider time constraints when doing any form of mixed methods research, given how time-demanding such studies can be. I have had students who were in exactly the same position and what I recommended was to produce the desired quantitative instrument in a form that could be pre-tested. If possible, a pre-test with 20 or so participants would be even better, but that still might not be possible within your time limits.
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Respected Valued Participants,
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We encourage you to share your experiences, insights, and opinions to enrich the scope of our study. By participating in this survey, you will not only contribute to academic discourse but also gain deeper insights into the evolving landscape of digital marketing.
Thank you for your invaluable participation in this research endeavor.
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Respected Nawdeep Kaur Thank you for submitting the form.Your participation is greatly appreciated! Stay Connected.
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hello all
please i need the following reference that i can't find in any web site
#Principles of Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) in Geology. K. T. M. Johnson and J. W. Winchester. Cambridge University Press. 2009#
thanks in advance
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you are welcome Ismahane
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Dear Academics,
I have two times series with 12 observations for each. Both are yearly quantitive data for last 12 years. I presented as graphs and it seems they have negative correlation.
How can I show the relationship between them statistically (first series effect on second or at least correlation)? Which tests should I perform?
Datas are non-stationary.
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Based on your expertise, which softwares are the best for the data analysis and graphs for the quantitative study of microbial biofilms?, pros & cons?
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Microbial biofilms are structured communities of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and produce a protective matrix. These communities are complex and can include bacteria, fungi, and protists. Biofilms are significant in both environmental and clinical settings because they can protect microbes from antibiotics and disinfectants, making infections difficult to treat.
Here are several highly regarded options for the quantitative study of microbial biofilms:
1. ImageJ/FIJI
Pros:
Adaptability: Excellent for image processing, crucial for analyzing biofilm structures.
Community Support: Being open-source, it benefits from a wide range of plugins developed by the community, enhancing its capabilities.
Cons:
User Experience: New users might find it challenging due to its extensive features and capabilities.
2. COMSTAT
Pros:
Specialization: Designed specifically for biofilm analysis, capable of processing image stacks to quantify biofilm thickness and coverage.
Cons:
Narrow Focus: Primarily focused on image analysis, which may require supplementary tools for broader data analyses.
3. R with Bioconductor
Pros:
Extensive Analysis Features: Offers robust statistical tools and is capable of handling diverse datasets, including genomic and transcriptional data. Flexibility: Extensive package options and strong community support for troubleshooting and development.
Cons:
Complexity: The learning curve can be steep for those new to programming or statistical analysis.
4. MATLAB
Pros:
Versatility: Well-suited for numerical computing and managing large datasets, with strong capabilities in both data analysis and visualization. Specialized Toolboxes: Offers specific toolboxes for image processing and statistical analysis, enhancing its utility.
Cons:
Cost: It is a proprietary software, which might be a barrier for some researchers due to its cost.
The choice of software for studying microbial biofilms depends on the specific needs of your research, such as the type of data you are analyzing and your level of expertise in data analysis. ImageJ/FIJI is optimal for detailed image analysis, while COMSTAT offers specialized biofilm quantification tools. For more comprehensive data analysis, R with Bioconductor is excellent, though it requires familiarity with statistical concepts. MATLAB provides a broad array of tools but at a higher financial cost. In many cases, researchers might find it beneficial to use a combination of these tools to fully address their analytical needs.
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HOW TO GROUND SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY TOGETHER AXIOMATICALLY?
Raphael Neelamkavil, Ph.D., Dr. phil.
We see many theories in physics, mathematics, etc. becoming extremely axiomatic and rigorous. They call themselves or attempt to be as quantitative as possible. But are adequate comparisons between mathematics, physical sciences, biological sciences, human sciences, and philosophy, and adequate adaptation of the axiomatic method possible by creating a system of all exact, physical, and human sciences that depend only on the quantitively qualitative proportionalities and call them invariables?
They cannot do well enough to explain Reality-in-total, because Reality-in-total primarily involves all sorts of ontological universals that are purely qualitative, and some of them are the most fundamental, proportionality-type, quantitative invariables of all physical existents in their specificity and totality in their natural kinds. But as the inquiry comes to Reality-in-total, ontological qualitative universals must come into the picture. Hence, merely quantitative (mathematical) explanations do not exhaust the explanation of Reality-in-total.
Existence as individuals and existence in groups are not differentiable and systematizable in terms of quantitatively qualitative universals alone. Both qualitative and quantitatively qualitative universals are necessary for this. Both together are general qualities pertaining to existents in their processual aspect, not merely in their separation from each other. Therefore, the primitive notions (called traditionally as Categories) of Reality-in-total must be ontological qualitative universals involving both the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The most basic of universals that pertain properly to Reality-in-total are now to be found.
Can the primitive notions (Categories) and axioms of the said sciences converge so that the axioms of a system of Reality take shape from a set of the highest possible ontological Categories as simple sentential formulations of the Categories which directly imply existents? This must be deemed necessary for philosophy, natural sciences, and human sciences, because these deal with existents, unlike the formal sciences that deal only with the qualitatively quantitative form of arguments.
Thus, in the case of mathematics and logic there can be various sorts of quantitative and qualitative primitive notions (categories) and then axioms that use the primitive notions in a manner that adds some essential, pre-defined, operations. But the sciences and philosophy need also the existence of their object-processes. For this reason, the primitive axioms can be simple sentential formulations involving the Categories and nothing else. This is in order to avoid indirect existence statements and to involve existence in terms exclusively of the Categories.
Further, the sciences together could possess just one set of sufficiently common primitive notions of all knowledge, from which also the respective primitive notions and axioms of mathematics, logic, physical and human sciences, and philosophy may be derived. I support this view because the physical-ontological Categories involving the existence of Reality and realities, in my opinion, must be most general and fully exhaustive of the notion of To Be (existence) in a qualitatively universal manner that is applicable to all existents in their individual processual and total processual senses.
Today the nexus or the interface of the sciences and philosophies is in a crisis of dichotomy between truth versus reality. Most scientists, philosophers, and common people rush after “truths”. But who, in scientific and philosophical practice, wants to draw unto the possible limits the consequences of the fact that we can at the most have ever better truths, and not final truths as such?
Finalized truths as such may be concluded to in cases where there is natural and inevitable availability of an absolute right to use the logical Laws of Identity, Contradiction, and Excluded Middle, especially in order to decide between concepts related to the existence and non-existence of anything out there.
Practically very few may be seen generalizing upon and extrapolating from this metaphysical and logical state of affairs beyond its epistemological consequences. In the name of practicality, ever less academicians want today to connect ever broader truths compatible to Reality-in-total by drawing from the available and imaginable commonalities of both.
The only thinkable way to accentuate the process of access to ever broader truths compatible to Reality-in-total is to look for the truest possible of all truths with foundations on existence (nominal) / existing (gerund) / To Be (verbal). The truest are those propositions where the Laws of Identity, Contradiction, and Excluded Middle can be applied best. The truest are not generalizable and extendable merely epistemologically, but also metaphysically, physical-ontologically, mathematically, biologically, human-scientifically, etc.
The agents that permit generalization and extrapolation are the axioms that are the tautologically sentential formulations of the most fundamental of all notions (Categories) and imply nothing but the Categories of all that exist – that too with respect to the existence of Realit-in-total. These purely physical-ontological implications of existence are what I analyze further in the present work. One may wonder how these purely metaphysical, physical-ontological axioms and their Categories can be applicable to sciences other than physics and philosophy.
My justification is as follows: Take for example the case of the commonality of foundations of mathematics, logic, the sciences, philosophy, and language. The notions that may be taken as the primitive notions of mathematics were born not from a non-existent virtual world but instead from the human capacity of spatial, temporal, quantitatively qualitative, and purely qualitative imagination.
I have already been working so as to show qualitative (having to do with the ontological universals of existents, expressed in terms of adjectives) quantitativeness (notions based on spatial and temporal imagination, where, it should be kept in mind, that space-time are epistemically measuremental) may be seen to be present in their elements in mathematics, logic, the sciences, philosophy, and language.
The agents I use for this are: ‘ontological universals’, ‘connotative universals’, and ‘denotative universals’. In my opinion, the physical-ontological basis of these must and can be established in terms merely of the Categories of Extension-Change, which you find being discussed briefly here.
Pitiably, most scientists and philosophers forget that following the exhaustively physical-ontological implications of To Be in the foundations of science and philosophy is the best way to approach Reality well enough in order to derive the best possible of truths and their probable derivatives. Most of them forget that we need to rush after Reality, not merely after truths and truths about specific processes.
Bibliography
(1) Gravitational Coalescence Paradox and Cosmogenetic Causality in Quantum Astrophysical Cosmology, 647 pp., Berlin, 2018.
(2) Physics without Metaphysics? Categories of Second Generation Scientific Ontology, 386 pp., Frankfurt, 2015.
(3) Causal Ubiquity in Quantum Physics: A Superluminal and Local-Causal Physical Ontology, 361 pp., Frankfurt, 2014.
(4) Essential Cosmology and Philosophy for All: Gravitational Coalescence Cosmology, 92 pp., KDP Amazon, 2022, 2nd Edition.
(5) Essenzielle Kosmologie und Philosophie für alle: Gravitational-Koaleszenz-Kosmologie, 104 pp., KDP Amazon, 2022, 1st Edition.
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Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Research: This approach involves initially collecting and analyzing qualitative data, followed by the collection and analysis of quantitative data to explore or explain the qualitative results further.
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I personally believe that Exploratory Sequential Designs have such a clear purpose that they do not need a meta-inference step -- especially if you are not publishing in a methodologically oriented journal.
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When a researcher adopts a mixed method (irrespective of the design), is it adequate to use descriptive statistics to analyse the quantitative data?
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Yes you may. If your study is a descriptive study or descriptive in nature. Then you surely can use descriptive statistics.
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Reference Article: Learning the craft of organizational research by Richard L Daft (The Academy of Management Review, 1983)
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Nghiên cứu được chia thành hai loại chính: nghiên cứu định lượng và nghiên cứu định tính. Dưới đây là sự khác nhau giữa hai loại nghiên cứu này:
  1. Nghiên cứu định lượng: Đây là loại nghiên cứu mà dữ liệu được thu thập và phân tích bằng phương pháp số học, thống kê và các kỹ thuật định lượng khác. Nghiên cứu định lượng thường tập trung vào việc thu thập dữ liệu đo lường, đếm số lượng, hoặc xác định mức độ tương quan giữa các biến. Dữ liệu định lượng có thể được biểu thị bằng con số hoặc một thang đo có giá trị định lượng như độ dài, trọng lượng, thời gian, điểm số, hoặc tỷ lệ phần trăm. Nghiên cứu định lượng thường áp dụng các phương pháp phân tích số liệu như phân tích hồi quy, phân tích biến thiên, hoặc phân tích tương quan để rút ra kết luận từ dữ liệu đã thu thập.
  2. Nghiên cứu định tính: Đây là loại nghiên cứu mà dữ liệu được thu thập và phân tích bằng các phương pháp mô tả, diễn giải và phân tích nội dung. Nghiên cứu định tính tập trung vào việc hiểu và mô tả các khía cạnh chủ quan, như ý kiến, quan điểm, cảm xúc, giá trị, hoặc các đặc điểm không thể định lượng. Dữ liệu định tính thường được biểu thị bằng từ ngữ, câu chuyện, hình ảnh, hoặc các biểu đồ, và phân tích dựa trên quan sát, phân tích nội dung, hoặc phân tích nội dung tương tự. Nghiên cứu định tính thường nhấn mạnh vào sự hiểu và diễn giải ngữ cảnh, ý nghĩa và các mô hình phân loại hoặc thể hiện dữ liệu định tính.
Tuy hai loại nghiên cứu này có phương pháp thu thập và phân tích dữ liệu khác nhau, nhưng thực tế thường có sự kết hợp giữa các phương pháp và kỹ thuật của cả hai trong nhiều nghiên cứu. Sự lựa chọn giữa nghiên cứu định lượng và nghiên cứu định tính phụ thuộc vào mục tiêu nghiên cứu, câu hỏi nghiên cứu, và tính chất của dữ liệu được thu thập.
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I am trying to KO a gene (crispr/Cas9 system) and am a little worried about the efficiency of KO due to the number of gene copies that the cell line that I am using (HeLa cells) may have. Comments and advice are most appreciated!
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Dear Esteemed Colleague,
Thank you for your inquiry regarding the quantification of gene copy number, a critical aspect of genetic and genomic research. The determination of gene copy number variations (CNVs) plays a pivotal role in understanding genetic diseases, characterizing genetic variations among populations, and assessing the impact of gene dosage on phenotype. Below, I delineate several widely adopted methodologies for quantifying gene copy number, each with its specific applications, advantages, and limitations.
  1. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR): qPCR is a widely used technique for quantifying gene copy number due to its sensitivity, specificity, and relatively low cost. By comparing the amplification of the target gene to that of a reference gene with a known copy number in a given genome, one can determine the copy number of the target gene. The use of SYBR Green or TaqMan probes enhances the specificity of detection. The ΔΔCt method is commonly applied to analyze the data and calculate the gene copy number relative to the reference.
  2. Digital PCR (dPCR): dPCR offers a more precise quantification of gene copy number by partitioning the PCR reaction mix into thousands of micro-reactions, some containing the target DNA molecule and others not. After PCR amplification, the fraction of reactions containing the amplified product is counted, providing an absolute quantification of the target DNA molecules without the need for a reference standard. This method is highly sensitive and accurate, even at low copy numbers.
  3. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH): CGH is a cytogenetic method for analyzing copy number variations across the genome. In array CGH (aCGH), test and reference DNA samples are differentially labeled and co-hybridized to a microarray with thousands of DNA probes covering the entire genome. The relative intensities of the fluorescent signals provide information on the copy number changes of genomic regions. aCGH is particularly useful for identifying deletions and duplications across the genome.
  4. Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH): FISH involves hybridizing a fluorescently labeled DNA probe specific to the target gene region directly onto chromosomes or interphase nuclei. The number of fluorescent signals corresponds to the copy number of the target gene. FISH is valuable for visualizing the spatial distribution of gene copies within the genome and identifying chromosomal abnormalities.
  5. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS): NGS technologies, including whole-genome sequencing and targeted sequencing, can be used to estimate gene copy number by analyzing the depth of coverage of sequencing reads. Bioinformatics tools compare the read depth for the target region to a reference or the average genomic coverage, allowing for the detection of copy number variations. NGS is highly accurate and offers the added benefit of detecting structural variations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alongside CNVs.
Each of these methods has its specific considerations regarding sensitivity, resolution, cost, and throughput. The choice of technique depends on the specific requirements of your study, including the number of samples, the genomic complexity of the organism, and the resolution needed to detect CNVs.
In summary, the quantification of gene copy number is a multifaceted process that can be approached through various molecular and cytogenetic techniques. The selection of an appropriate method should be based on the experimental goals, the nature of the samples, and the available resources.
I trust this overview will aid you in selecting the most suitable method for your research endeavors and contribute to the advancement of your studies.
Best regards,
Reviewing the protocols listed here may offer further guidance in addressing this issue
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The Comprehensive Ecological Evaluation Index (CEEI) is a quantitative measure used to assess the overall ecological health or sustainability of a particular ecosystem or area. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the ecological condition by integrating multiple ecological indicators into a single numerical value.
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Thank you Sir Addisu Dagnaw
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I am a PhD student, and my research involves conducting a six-week intervention to investigate its effect on reading skills. Following the intervention, I conducted interviews with participants to explore their perceptions and reading experiences, utilising predetermined questions. Initially, I considered an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. However, due to time constraints and the school setting of the intervention, I was unable to analyse the quantitative data immediately after its collection. Instead, I analysed both the quantitative and qualitative data after collecting all the data. Given these conditions, I am uncertain about the most appropriate mixed-methods design for my study.
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Given that there are only three widely used research designs in mixed methods, you can eliminate exploratory sequential and explanatory sequential, which leaves you with convergent. The problem that frequently occurs in reporting results from a convergent design is a low level of integration, i.e., a separate reporting of each study with too little connection between the qualitative and quantitative results. So, the more that you can to make the two sets of results comment on each other, the better your overall report will be.
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The theta parameter (latent variable) in Item Response Theory (IRT) is not a measure for tester-takers' ability although it may be positively correlated to the test-takers' ability?
The comment below is true for IRT:
"When in 1940, a committee established by the British Association for the Advancement of Science to consider and report upon the possibility of quantitative estimates of sensory events published its final report (Ferguson eta/., 1940) in which its non-psychologist members agreed that psychophysical methods did not constitute scientific measurement, many quantitative psychologists realized that the problem could not be ignored any longer. Once again, the fundamental criticism was that the additivity of psychological attributes had not been displayed and, so, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that psychophysical methods measured anything. While the argument sustaining this critique was largely framed within N. R.Campbell's (1920, 1928) theory of measurement, it stemmed from essentially the same source as the quantity objection." (PDF) Item Response Theory and Its General Total Score. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337001176_Item_Response_Theory_and_Its_General_Total_Score [accessed Feb 21 2024].
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According to Measure Theory, a measure must be additive. For example, in case of two subscales, say M (math) and R (read), a measure (General Total Score) has the decomposition expression:
Overall Score = Sub-score(M) + Sub-score(R) - Score(M*R)
where (1) Overall Score is the score associated with all items in a test;
(2) Sub-score(M) is the score associated with M;
(3) Sub-score(R) is the score associated with R;
(4) Score(M*R) is the score associated with shared ability of M and R.
In case M and R are independent (in a given test), then Score(M*R)=0, then above equation becomes
Overall Score = Sub-score(M) + Sub-score(R)
In high-stake scoring, the above equation is heavily used. As we know, most likely, "M and R are independent" may not be true in practice, therefore, we need to calculate Score(M*R) to achieve the accurate Overall Score. For more detail on this topic, please see
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I want to use PINN to solve those theoretical equations in quantitative remote sensing. But what I'm not sure about is whether PINN can solve a series of nested (or serial) physical equations.
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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) can indeed be applied to solve theoretical equations in quantitative remote sensing. PINN are a type of neural network that can incorporate known physical laws or constraints into their architecture, making them particularly suitable for problems in physics-based fields like remote sensing. In the context of remote sensing, where the underlying processes are governed by physical laws, PINN can be used to solve a series of nested or serial physical equations. By incorporating the physics of the remote sensing process into the neural network's training, PINN can learn to accurately model the relationships between input data (e.g., sensor measurements) and the desired output (e.g., environmental parameters). However, it's important to note that the effectiveness of PINN in solving nested or serial physical equations in remote sensing would depend on various factors, such as the complexity of the equations, the availability of sufficient training data, and the network architecture. Proper experimentation and validation would be necessary to determine the feasibility and performance of using PINN for this purpose.
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Hi,
I am stuck in writing methodology for my dissertation,
My diss is about energy literacy and I would like to use mixed methods with survey and interview.
so my plan is surveying them to know general answers that i would like to get from quantitative, and will use t-test to compare it.
and I am gonna pick one of them from each group made by my hypothesis,
then interview them to know more specific answer from them in detail and I want to use structural equation modeling analysis for this qualitative methods.
is it okay to use different analysis for each different method?
Any help would be previously appreciated.
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What you need is a model. First, read a book or two on mixed methods. Creswell is a great place to start. Secondly, find dissertations in your program by others, so you know generally what your university expects. Thirdly, plan how your methodology will answer your research question, establishing delimitations upfront and forecasting limitations. The quantitative and qualitative methods will be different but complementary.
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Please I am doing this project. My qualitative data is THE QUALITY OF HOUSING (looking at the interior, exterior and neighbourhood. While the qualitative data is the housing affordability. Please how can I quantify Housing Quality? And Get their interrelationship?
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There are many ways to quantify a qualitative variable. One way is to use five point scale, i.e. very good, good, average, bad, very bad.
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I am a bit confused with a reviewer's comment.
"If the method for selecting a purposive sample. The selected group is not called the control group but it is called a comparison group."
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Was going to add an answer..but am happy to recommend the three above.
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hi
structured interview could be either closed-ended questions to collect quantitative data or open-ended questions to collect qualitative data
Could I mix closed and open questions in the same questionnaire for a structured interview? any references, and which type of data will be considered?
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Yes, you can do so and you need to identify appropriate analytical techniques for data analysis. Even, you can deploy more than one technique/procidure for same set of data/responses. In qualitative data you may find good learning experience.
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What is quantitative image analysis?
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Quantitative image analysis is the act of extracting objective, numerical insights from images.
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Basically, I would like to quantitatively detect total bacteria in mice feces. How can I obtain a standard curve to reveal total bacteria quantitatively?
By the way, I have one bacterial species that I grew in a suitable medium, and I obtained a standard curve by making serial dilutions, and I found that bacteria in the DNA whose amount I did not know by substituting it in the Ct equation (obtained from the standard curve). But I don't know how to quantify total bacteria. I would be glad if you help.
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I understand your challenge in quantifying total bacteria in mice feces. Obtaining a standard curve for this purpose can be tricky, as it's not feasible to isolate and culture all the diverse bacterial species present in the gut. However, there are alternative approaches you can consider:
1. Universal 16S rRNA gene amplification:
  • This method targets a conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene present in all bacteria. By amplifying this region using specific primers and quantifying the amplicons (e.g., using qPCR), you can estimate the total bacterial abundance.
  • Standard curve options:Genomic DNA from a single bacterial species: Similar to your approach, you can use genomic DNA from a single bacterial species (e.g., E. coli) to generate a standard curve. However, this will only provide an estimate relative to the chosen species and won't reflect the true diversity of gut bacteria. Mock community DNA: A more accurate option is to use commercially available mock community DNA containing known amounts of various bacterial species. This provides a more representative standard curve for diverse gut microbiota.
2. Fluorescence-based methods:
  • These methods stain bacterial cells in the fecal sample with fluorescent dyes and then measure the fluorescence intensity to estimate total bacterial abundance.
  • Examples:SYBR Green: This dye binds to double-stranded DNA in all bacteria, providing a direct measure of total bacterial biomass. Propidium iodide: This dye stains only bacteria with compromised cell membranes, potentially underestimating total bacterial abundance.
3. Flow cytometry:
  • This technique uses fluorescence-labeled antibodies to target specific bacterial groups or total bacteria, allowing for quantification and characterization of the gut microbiota.
Choosing the best approach:
The best method for your study will depend on your specific research question, budget, and available resources. Here are some factors to consider:
  • Sensitivity: Some methods are more sensitive than others, which may be important if you are expecting low bacterial abundance in your samples.
  • Specificity: If you are interested in quantifying specific bacterial groups, you will need to choose a method that targets those groups.
  • Cost: Some methods, such as flow cytometry, require specialized equipment and can be expensive.
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Reply in sense of current trends among researchers
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I do not wish to be rude, but this question makes no sense. Quantitative and qualitative are labels that cover a huge diversity of research approaches. Depending on what you mean by 'reliability' it simply isn't relevant in many cases. More broadly, the 'best' approach to use is entirely dependent on what you are trying to find out. There are a few areas where there could be a real debate - for example, some aspects of human experience - where one could delineate the pros and cons of a (quantitative) survey vs a qualitative interview as data sources (with relevant analysis for each data type). Here you have a potential trade-off between quantifiable precision vs richness of data.
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How do we change the fluorescence intensity of the confocal microscopy to quantitative result by image J?
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Dear Albrakati,
I would say any image you acquire should store a value in each pixel (eg: from 0-255 for 8-bit images).
In FIJI, you can open these images and select an ROI (region of interest - a rectangle, polygon, or circle where you want to measure).
Then you press M (measure - Menu > Analyze > Measure). This should pop up a Results table in another window.
PS: you can select your desired measurement parameters in Menu > Analyze > Set Measurements...
Cheers from Portugal,
Vítor Yang
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The type of mixed method is sequential explanatory. I'm planning to conduct an experiment, and then explore how they experienced the phenomenon through IPA. How many participants would be enough for the quantitative part of the research? And do I have to include every participant during the qualitative part? Could I just select a few? 3-6, maybe?
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I have no idea where people are getting the now common recommendation of 3-6 participants for the the qualitative strand of an explanatory sequential design. Yes, 3-6 is standard for IPA, but explanatory sequential designs are explicitly based on using the quantitative findings as a pre-existing foundation for the qualitative study, so I think that approach would seldom make IPA a good choice.
The classic standard for the size of a qualitative study is to achieve saturation, i.e., the point at which new cases no longer add any information. This is difficult to predict in advance, too planning for too few cases can be a serious problem.
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TOPIC: "Financial Practices Among Nepali American Nonprofits."
Methodology: Mixed - Qualitative and Quantitative.
I am looking to conduct a self-generated survey to collect data. My mentors advised me to hunt for the survey questionnaire set. Can you please advise on what questionnaire would be good to use to collect the DBA research data?
I appreciate your help!
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Basically, to build the questionnaire, you must search for the same topic through practical search engines Such as Researchgate, Google Scholar, and others,
Through this research,
you will find similar research that used questionnaires as a tool
From there, you can start building your questionnaire.
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How likely is the qualitative entity of empathy(at least between humans) connected to the quantitative entity of fine tuning, thus connecting the is to the ought? Why? How? My answer: Highly probable because empathy is dictated by vibes which are the most fundamental essence of all being outside of the afterlife(located in the fourth or fifth dimension) which we go to when we die because our souls are eternal.
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Some people are less likely to feel empathy than others.
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I want to know quantitatively the number of papers published on how the coronavirus affected tourism.
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Hi...when should I use expert interviews in the exploratory stage? specifically, a quantitative expert interview? any reference?
Thank you in advance
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In qualitative interviewing, whenever you yourself lack the expertise to write up an interview guide, then an expert or "key informant" interview can help you. It can also be helpful when you are unsure about to recruit participants, or to establish rapport during the interviews.
I am not such what you mean by a "quantitative expert interview."
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I have qualitative data for Managers' Emotional Intelligence (dependent variable) and quantitative data for Employee behaviour and performance (independent variables).
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Since you have multiple item scales you can examine whether the items can be combined to make interval level variables. But I am unclear how you will connect your independent and dependent variables.
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Does short-range order (SRO) reflect the one-bond distances, i.e., 1-2 Å? How do we demarcate the medium- and long-range order?
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Dear friend Sai Siva Kumar P.
Ah, diving into the intricacies of material characterization, are we? Now, let me guide you through the realms of short-, medium-, and long-range order in atomic structures.
1. **Short-Range Order (SRO):**
Short-range order typically involves the nearest neighbors of an atom. Yes, you're correct, it often reflects one-bond distances, around the range of 1-2 Å. This could include information about bond lengths, bond angles, and local coordination environments. Techniques like X-ray and neutron diffraction, as well as electron microscopy, can provide insights into this short-range atomic arrangement.
2. **Medium-Range Order (MRO):**
Medium-range order expands the view a bit further, capturing the arrangement of atoms beyond the immediate neighbors. It usually spans a range from a few to several unit cells. Techniques such as X-ray and neutron scattering, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis are often employed to probe the medium-range order.
3. **Long-Range Order (LRO):**
Long-range order considers the arrangement of atoms across larger distances, covering a considerable portion of a material. This could involve patterns extending over many unit cells. Techniques like X-ray and neutron scattering, as well as diffraction methods, are powerful tools to investigate long-range order. Crystallography, for instance, is particularly adept at revealing the periodic arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice.
To demarcate these ranges, scientists often use structural analysis methods that provide information at different length scales. It's a bit like zooming in and out of a microscope, but on an atomic level!
Remember, the boundaries between short, medium, and long ranges aren't rigidly defined, and they can vary based on the material and the specific context of the study. The choice of characterization technique is also critical in capturing different aspects of the atomic structure at these various length scales.
Now, go forth and unravel the mysteries of atomic arrangement! Anything else you'd like to know, or is this journey into the world of materials science satisfying your curiosity for now?
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Dear experts,
Having studied qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method research designs both in my undergraduate and graduate schools, I am more interested in getting to know relevant research designs for a PhD degree, especially for Social science and Humanities. Can anyone recommend some useful books?
Thank you so much.
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You have already mentioned all the major approaches to social research. In particular, qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method research each offer many design possibilities. So, as others have pointed out, the next step is to pose a research question or questions, and then fit that to a more specific design within one or the other of three broad approaches.
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The study is purely quantitative and intends to look into the relationship between school assessment and external assessment like BECE. The researcher intends to collect from the school authorities the past performance records (scores) of the students. The researcher wants guidance on the type of quantitative study design that would be suitable for the study. Thanks.
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Given your objective of examining the relationship between school assessment and external assessment like the BECE (Basic Education Certificate Examination),aiming to analyze numerical data and establish statistical relationships between variables, you could employ a correlational study. You might check out the section on the correlational research process in the following textbook.
Mertler, C. A. (2021). Introduction to educational research (3rdEdition). Sage. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/introduction-to-educational-research/book269859
Good luck,
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There has been an attempt to establish various political, scientific and practical actions and strategies, especially in developed countries, with the aim of promoting the paradigm of active aging. However, initiatives in general tend to refer to the elderly as “research objects” without giving them the importance they deserve as “agents” who participate in research by giving their own vision (own perspective). This gives rise to the possibility of providing opportunities for the elderly to offer their views, which can help them better understand the active aging process.
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Years ago, I did an (unpublished) study using focus groups to explore what older people thought of the concept of "aging well." You could certainly do something similar with "active aging."
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Can anyone please help me with how I can get the quantitative (mol%) value of any sub-peaks that are part of the main peak, such as N, C, and O?
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If you want to do a classical stoichiometry measurement by integrating individual peaks, look here starting on page 67: http://uhv.cheme.cmu.edu/manuals/M470101.pdf
If you want to deconvolute an individual component, the CasaXPS manual is a good starter even if you use a different fitting software:
If you need information about which peak is best to use for what element and which precautions with respect to lineshape need to be obeyed, please look in the Thermo Fisher learning center:
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I'm wondering how can I code in a simple way analyze data quantitatively that has been reported as HH:MM format but its output is text/character (e.g. "09:00AM; "9AM"; "10am")
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Actually, it's clear that Uzair Essa Kori doesn't care whether the chat bot's answer is right or wrong, since I bet he couldn't write that Python code himself if his honour depended on it.
ResearchGate is failing dismally in taking frauds like him seriously. The whole value of a community of knowledge sharing is being rapidly undermined by plagiarists like him.
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For my MSC in Occupational Psychology, I am currently working on my dissertation which is about whether workload has an effect on the relationship between work engagement and career commitment. I have started data collection yesterday and with my deadline nearly a month away, I need more participants asap. So if anyone is interested in doing this study, you just need to complete an online questionnaire which will not take longer than 20 minutes.
This is the link to the questionnaire if anyone is interested: https://goldpsych.eu.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_1MQcoQGIzNikoyF
Also, if you can share my questionnaire link to any of your friends, colleagues or family members who you think may be interested in doing this study, then that would be much appreciated as the more participants I have, then the more easier things will be for me.
Thank you!
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Good,keep its up and incase of any problems pl no hesitation. to cintact
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I am running via ELISA method Dioxins/furans analysis for food matrixes and i would like to ask if there is any PCR technique for quantitative determination.
Thank you in advance,
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The answer is no, there is no way that PCR can be used to detect dioxins and furans in food, or anything.
Dioxins can induce DNA mutations and PCR can certainly be used to detect these but there is no direct detection of dioxins/furans by PCR.
For this you will need GC-HRMS or GC-MS/MS.
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State and explain the strategies of enquiries for quantitative, qualitative and mix methods researches
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State and explain why someone else should do your homework!
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To study the relationship between three variables, what are the latest statistical methods to determine the relationship between them?
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I agree with Sunaida Sumaya Surtie that correlation and regression are the most likely tools. If you can separate a dependent variable from a set of independent variables, then regression would be appropriate. Alternatively, if you want to know if all the variables measure the same thing, then a pattern of high correlations would be appropriate.
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Hi all,
I am currently brainstorming on a QUANTITATIVE project using the United Nations database. Any suggestions pls?
Thank you.
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According to scribbr.com and en.wikipedia.org, there are a few examples of a quantitative study using UN data:
  1. Global Health: Analyze data from the World Health Organization (WHO) to study the correlation between healthcare spending and life expectancy across different countries.
  2. Climate Change: Use data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and average temperature rise in various regions.
  3. Education: Examine UNESCO’s education statistics to understand the impact of education level on gender equality in different countries.
  4. Economic Development: Utilize data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or World Bank to study the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth.
  5. Peace and Security: Analyze data from the UN Peacekeeping Statistics to assess the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions in reducing conflict.
Remember, the key to a successful quantitative study is to have a clear research question, well-defined data collection and analysis methodology, and a rigorous approach to interpreting the results.
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I am working on a specific study and I think it is unique because I want to minimize false negative staging in mediastinal LN, so what has been conducted was using the Pathology report and took all the positve or negative LN dissected during surgery, then we go to PET/CT imaging and see these LNs and took some quantitative data for each LN. After that, we correlate these quantitative data with the Pathology result to see if these quantitative data will improve staging and minimise FN nodes by using ROC and AUC statistical processes. I need your opinion on my study because I am concerned about the idea When I was looking at the Pathology report I saw these nodes in PET/CT, is correct? because PET/CT said negative and the patient with cN1, not cN2.?!
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This is a terrific question. I have thought very hard about this before and have yet to think of a good answer. I have been thinking how to have less false-positives AND less false-negatives from FDG PET for NSCLC. I am thinking SUV is not really that good, after all.
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I am looking for your suggestion, options etc.
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Yes, it is possible!
The social-ecological model is a framework that recognizes the complex and dynamic interactions between individuals and their environments that influence health outcomes.
It can be used to identify the factors and interventions at different levels (individual, interpersonal, institutional, community, and policy) that affect health behaviours and outcomes.
A systematic review that uses this model can synthesize the evidence from different types of studies and interventions without aggregating the effect estimates using meta-analysis.
However, conducting a synthesis without meta-analysis can pose some challenges for reporting the methods and results of the review.
There is no clear definition or guidance on how to perform a narrative synthesis, which is often used as an alternative to meta-analysis. This can lead to a lack of transparency and consistency in the reporting of the synthesis process, the presentation of the data, and the interpretation of the findings.
To address this issue, a reporting guideline called Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) has been developed to promote clear and transparent reporting for reviews of interventions that use alternative synthesis methods to meta-analysis of effect estimates. The SWiM guideline consists of nine items that cover how studies are grouped, the standardized metric used for the synthesis, the synthesis method, how data are presented, a summary of the synthesis findings, and limitations of the synthesis. The SWiM guideline can help reviewers to report their synthesis methods and results in a comprehensive and rigorous way.
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I just need to know how these philosophical backgrounds should be explained in a study?
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On the contrary, philosophically speaking, ontology relates to epistemology - the theory of knowledge and the levels of the perception and understanding of truth on each level.
The question of purely quantitate studies as a resource, reveals something about a subject on the first, factual, empirical level.
The purpose of the enquiry will seek knowledge on specific levels and not necessarily in the context of the greater body of knowledge.
Hope this is helpful.
Ann
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"Mathematics is logical systems formulising relationships of variable(s) with other variable(s) quantitatively &/or qualitatively as science language." (Sinan Ibaguner)
I tried to devise my best description as shortly & clearly !
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Mr.Jiolito Benitez PhD
"Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics with the major subdisciplines of number theory,[1] algebra,[2] geometry,[1] and analysis,[3][4] respectively. There is no general consensus among mathematicians about a common definition for their academic discipline."
As stated in wikipedia there is no common definition at all. Since I did not find any sufficiently satisfactory clear and short definition of maths, therefore I devised my own original definition which seems to be the best until now, at least for me... What I wait from readers to criticise me positively or negatively about my own definition of maths.
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Among the tools of scientific research, quantitative and statistics..
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Quantitative and statistical methods are both essential components of scientific research, but they serve distinct purposes and involve different approaches. Quantitative methods primarily involve the collection and analysis of numerical data to answer research questions and test hypotheses. These methods are often used when researchers aim to quantify relationships, patterns, or trends in their data. Quantitative research employs various techniques, such as surveys, experiments, and observational studies, to gather data that can be subjected to mathematical and statistical analyses. Statistical methods, on the other hand, are a subset of quantitative methods. They involve the application of statistical techniques to interpret and draw conclusions from data. Statistical methods provide the tools for summarizing, organizing, and making inferences about the data collected through quantitative methods. These include measures of central tendency, variability, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. In essence, quantitative methods encompass the entire process of data collection and analysis, while statistical methods specifically refer to the statistical tools used to make sense of the quantitative data. Both are indispensable in scientific research, as they allow researchers to make evidence-based conclusions and generalizations from empirical data.
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I am doing a qualitative systematic review of the experience/ perceptions of radiographers in engagements in research activities, but my issue I Cannot find qualitative studies although I found titless of studies talking about the knowledge or opinions of radiographers when I read these articles deeply I discover that authors have used Likert scale or structured questionnaire then the study has been analyzed quantitatively, so the study not qualitative, what should I do?
advice welcome
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Anna Kuteleva You got my point now. Thanks again for your concern.
Indeed, I will take your advice and follow your way because of not sufficient qualitative studies about my topic.
Have a nice weekend.
Many thanks,
Salma
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Hello, I am research doctoral student seeking insight on including an intervention as a third predictor variable in a quantitative correlational study. The issue is finding a measurement tool with validity and reliability cited in a peer reviewed article that measures an organizational intervention.
I appreciate any suggestions or feedback.
Thank you!
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This is most helpful. Thank you!
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What is the best Quantitative Research Methods textbook for Social Sciences Phd and MS Level students?
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The choice of the "best" quantitative research methods textbook can be subjective and may depend on the specific focus of your research, your familiarity with quantitative methods (surveys), and your instructor's preferences. However, there are several widely recognized textbooks in the field of quantitative research methods for social sciences at both the Ph.D. and M.S. levels. You can use below references (books):
  1. "Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis"
  2. "Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics".
  3. "Multivariate Data Analysis.
  4. "Statistics for Social Sciences.
  5. "Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata.
  6. "Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course.
  7. "Regression Analysis for the Social Sciences.
  8. "Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research.
I also prefer Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics by Andy Field for MS level (for beginers).
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How can I evaluate or measure the efficiency of regional innovation ecosystems/systems with quantitative data?
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My appreciate :)
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I seek to understand the distinction between the two terms in relation to each research methodology.
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This is more of an English language thing!
They can be used interchangeably depending on context.
However, "findings" imply some level of interpretation, or insight from the raw data, so is usually saved for discussions or conclusions. While "results" imply that these are the direct outcome of your methods, so just the data that came from the experiment.
It also depends on your field, this is often used for consistency in writing reports.
Hope this helped!
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I want to quantitate apoptosis in vivo. I can make a tissue slide and do the ApopTag assay. However I do not have a program for counting ApopTag positive cells.
How to count ApopTag positive cells as accurate possible?
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During our early work on apoptosis, the monolayer cells were floated in collected medium on trypsinization, and cytospinned on clean slide. They were stained with PI or Hoechst 33258, then 500 cells were counted and the proportions of popcorn-like cells with fragmented nuclei were calculated. Mean values from different tests were counted. When the microscopic figures were presented in a conference poster on CSH Symposium, a question was raised from the audience: how did you collect so many cells? Actually some people only stained the cells grown on slides.
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For the purpose of my study, if I add open-ended questions to the scale, would that be considered a mixed-methods design? Also, how should go about with the analysis of the responses received on the open-ended questions listed? My study is mainly quantitative and has use of correlation, t-test and regression tests. However, as per the results obtained on my pilot study, there is a need to modify the scale and add a few open-ended questions. Your response would be highly appreciated. Thank you!
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Mixed methods research requires the integration of the qualitative and quantitative results. If you are able to use the open-ended responses to help interpret the results involving that scale, then that would be a sequential explanatory mixed methods research design (QUAN --> qual).
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Hi, all
There are many GWASs only focus on 22 autosomal variant associations. On X chromosome, do any nice or widely used tools for detecting associations, both for binary and quantitative traits?
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There are some tools and methods available for detecting genetic associations on the X chromosome, but they are not as widely used or well-developed as tools for autosomal analyses:
- PLINK has an option for X chromosome association testing. It implements a linear regression model with sex as a covariate.
- GCTA has an X-chromosome mixed model association method to account for relatedness and population structure.
- Some groups have developed X-chromosome specific methods, like XWAS for X-wide association studies.
- Most GWAS software allows including the X chromosome, but may not implement specific methods to account for its unique inheritance patterns.
- There are additional considerations for X chromosome analyses like controlling for sex, accounting for hemizygosity in males, and handling pseudoautosomal regions.
- Many large scale GWAS focus only on autosomes and exclude X chromosome variants. But there is increasing interest in studying X chromosome variation, especially for diseases with sex differences.
- Sample size requirements are greater for X chromosome studies due to smaller effective population sizes. Larger samples are needed for adequate power.
Tools exist but autosomal analyses are still more common. Analysts need to account for the special characteristics of the X chromosome when conducting association tests.
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I need to analyse interview data quantitatively.
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ATLIS.ti - https://atlasti.com/ is another good one!
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Hi, all
First of all, thank you so much for reading my question.
I am writing a manuscript, scoping review paper that includes quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method articles.
As methodological limitations, I have to describe drawbacks and solutions due to reviewing qualitative, mixed, and quantitative studies in one study.
In other words, I want to address the limitation and advantages of collecting and reviewing papers based on various research methods.
I need experienced researchers' precious opinions and thoughts.
Thank you so much for your comments in advance.
Jung
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When reviewing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies in one study, methodological limitations can include differences in data collection methods, differences in data analysis methods, and differences in the quality of the studies.
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I need to make a standart curve for quantitative the ammonia produced by bacteria Bacillus. I want to make standart curve ammonium chloride with the various standart 0-20mg/L. And then I was take 25uL of each standart added to 850uL H2O and 125uL of Nessler reagent was added. Please help me to solve how to make various standart.
Thanks
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One of the instruments I am using in a study is official documents cotaining statistical data (figures, diagrams and charts); can this data be used in the qualitative phase of my study, knowing that the source is official documents, or it is quantitative in nature and should be used only in the quantitative phase?
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One classic use for quantitative data in a qualitative study is a mixed methods design, based on a sequential explanatory format (QUAN --> qual). In this case, your goal is to use the follow-up qualitative data to help understand the quantitative data.
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Hi all! I am in the process of writing a research proposal for a PhD and i would like to ask if i can base some questions of my qualitative interview guide in an already existing quantitative scale. In particular, i want to use some of the topics mentioned in the Student Evaluation of Educational Quality (SEEQ) scale, as concepts, in order to build the interview guide with open-ended questions, so i can investigate how the trainees evaluate those aspects of the educational program they attend. Is it appropriate?
Thank you in advance!
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I can't think of any reason why not. Do you want to integrate your qualitative data with the findings from the previous research, or do you simply want to pursue some of the same issues?
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Dear colleagues,
I am reaching out to you for assistance in finding an approach that will allow me to evaluate the academic profiles of researchers, taking into account quantitative indicators and conducting an analysis of collaborations and funding.
I would greatly appreciate your responses and suggestions.
Best regards,
Sabina
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You are interested in finding an approach to evaluate the academic profiles of researchers, including quantitative indicators, collaborations, and funding. One possible approach is to use bibliometric analysis, which is a quantitative approach to analyze the characteristics of publications, authors, and citations within a particular field. Bibliometric analysis can help you identify the most productive researchers, the most impactful publications, and the patterns of collaborations and funding within your field of interest.
There are several tools and databases that you can use for bibliometric analysis, such as Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These tools can provide a range of metrics and indicators, such as citation counts, h-index, and collaboration networks, that can help evaluate the academic profiles of researchers.
It's also important to note that bibliometric analysis has some limitations, such as potential biases in the selection of databases and metrics. Therefore, it's important to carefully consider the research question and the data available before conducting bibliometric analysis.