Punishment - Science topic

Most welcome sir

Thank for this interested question

This article gives a broad overview of each of the four primary compliance risks in Vietnam: anti-corruption, regulatory compliance, employee fraud and corporate criminal liability. https://globalinvestigationsreview.com/review/the-asia-pacific-investigations-review/2020/article/vietnam-compliance-risks

write to the author and inform about the same.After then you can decide on based on author's reply.

NO !!, because he did not know or was aware of what he was doing; what he suffered, according to Greek Mythology, was not a punishment, BUT A SELF PUNISHMENT, guided by the "SINO" or "FATUM" -classic protagonist of Greco-Latin mythologems- before the conscience, "a posteriori" of the infringed incest taboo, as a mere "toy" of the "gods" and without freedom to choose, as in all Classic Tragedy or, later, Romanticism.

I COMPLETELY AGREE !!: Plagiarism, besides being something dishonest and immoral, at least in my country and in the European Union -EU-, IS A CRIME !! (even political leaders and ministers have had to resign because they have been shown to have been kidnappers); is an execrable act that undermines and STEALS the most precious heritage of a Researcher and a Scientist: THEIR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, which is loved as SOME CHILDREN OF THEIR INTELLECT ... therefore, in Spain and in the EU, it is persecuted and sanctioned (eg, students can be expelled if one is discovered), in addition serious, impactful and indexed magazines use "ad hoc" programs that detect them and the "author" who is caught and evidence of such unworthy conduct, his alleged and false "original" is dismissed and he is put on a "black list" of plagiarists available to other Magazines; They are also used by the Faculty for the Student Work. IN FRONT OF THE LACRA OF PLAGIARISM, ZERO TOLERANCE !!!

$$$$ Corporate and political greed and lazy students.

The answers lie in the sovereignty in which the state can take the lives of subjects for wrongful acts. In the provision of public goods, the state priority is power-seeking instead of welfare and public goods that benefit society.

Guilt is a fundamental principle of criminal responsibility that reveals the subjective attitude of a person to his socially harmful conduct (acts and omissions) and its consequences penalised by law. A person is considered innocent until proven guilty. Criminal law does not impose criminal responsibility for the conduct penalised by law if the guilt has not been established. Guilt defines the character and gravity of an act or omission, which qualifies as a crime.

After being trained (whether in workshops or on-the-spot- training), the employee who makes mistakes should be punished; meanwhile, the employee who is focused and have minimized number of insignificant mistakes should be rewarded. That is, the institution should follow a reward and punishment policy in this regard in order to overcome such a situation.

Interesting. Do you have data on these prisons and those kept there? Are they actually prison buildings?

Also, see, The Treatment of Criminals in Ancient Egypt: Through the New KingdomAuthor(s): David LortonSource: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Jan., 1977, Vol. 20, No. 1, Special Issue on The Treatment of Criminals in the Ancient Near East (Jan., 1977), pp. 2-64Published by: BrillStable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3632049

The Criminal Law major is the philosophical department of excellence

شكرا لكم جميعا

I taught a face-to-face logic class for which I had a marking scheme that assigned certain percentages of the grade to assignments, tests, and the final exam. I also told students that if it was to their advantage, I would automatically count the final exam for 100%. There were always a couple of students who didn't put any effort in throughout the year, skipping assignments or tests (for which they then received a mark of 0), as well as many classes, but who managed to do a study blitz the week before the final and achieve a respectable mark; in one case, the highest mark in the class. (Identities were verified via photo student card and signatures at the final.)

Firstly , supervisor should select students love and very interest in the research project.

Very insightful. Following now.

I might be slightly off the mark to what you are asking, but if I am on the right track, I suspect the move away from imprisonment as punishment is an acknowledgement of the fact that prisoners are Usually released back into the community and the experience of prison in its current state is well recognised as being detrimental to rehabilitation and reintegration. taking a more restorative and rehabilitative approach is more likely to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes. From a political point of view, it is a bit of a tightrope as much of the public vocalise their displeasure with shorter sentences and alternatives to prison Sentences, but it could be argued that governments are foregoing Possible savings in the form of resources and harm caused in order align with public sentiment. The philosophical part comes in when you consider that a governments job is to represent its public and act in accordance with the will of the majority, so even if harsher sentences and prison conditions are maintained instead of more holistic and generally more beneficial methods, the government could be acting more ethically by listening to the wider public despite less actually positive outcomes, is that what you meant?

What is the laws are 'unjust' too? what establishes the just and the unjust law devide; if not an effective political power!

Hello,

It can work on the other way. An instructor feels pressure and is forced to give A, B, or C grades for students who are not deserved for one of these grades to get a good evaluation. Also, shall an instructor be responsible for a student's withdrawal from his or her class?

If you are using literature primarily written in the United States or in many European countries as your reference point, then Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) would be term that fits best. It is the pattern of increasing violence used to create or maintain control over an intimate partner where the relationship is a current or former dating, co-habitating, or marital partner. This will be the term overwhelmingly used in psychological research for the last decade or more. Spousal Violence is a term that could be culture specific, you will not see it in western psychological research, is only referring to a married couple, and may incorporate common couple violence, which includes how couples argue and resolve conflicts. Being that it only incorporates married couples, it leaves out this same pattern of behavior that occurs in a very large percentage of the population, depending on dating, marital, divorce rates in the region. Domestic Violence is a term that was used to mean IPV several decades ago but is now recognized to be a term more broadly applicable to violence in the home regardless of the relationship between the individuals (i.e., siblings, elders, children, roommates) and does not refer to the pattern of controlling behaviors of true IPV. However, criminal justice research in the west does still occasionally use this term to refer to IPV.

I do not find it to be a dying of whiteness. I find it to be an arrogance of elitism.

Society is damaged when humanists allow their ego to lull them into thinking that they are more worthy than any other human being, and they often use cloaks such as standardized intelligence tests, family pedigree, educational level to hide behind as they suggest that the world is filled with the "more worthy"( which seems to inevitability include themselves) and "others".

Elitism is not racial, although in general, due to racism in society, it is perhaps seen more in certain races. Athletic racism, educational racism, music racism- they all exist and each benefits different colored skin.

Elitism is different than a diminished "whiteness". Elitism is a non-racial attitude of self centered existence being given superiority to humanitarian equality.

Elitism is found in science, education, government, and virtually all aspects of society and it is more destructive than any other form of separation of classes of people.

The highest crimes have been committed by the most highly educated, pedigree'd people, and have inflicted death, destruction and war on innocent human beings that were non-deserving of such elitist destructive forces.

Elitism, not diminished "whiteness", is the destructive variable. It is a destructive ego trapped in an average human that is fearful of being viewed as anything short of exceptional. Some call it delusional.

Empowerment need to continues trying

This was also a big discussion in Poland where most of the journals didn't fallow APA or any international standard rules. We were all eventually forced to publish in international journals by the government. The result is that we've got less publications, but our research is more internationally recognized. It also severely affected scholars that are not fluent in English.

The two together

Rape as a criminal offense is punishable under national law. But our present day provides us with examples that show that this type of crime goes beyond national borders. An example of this is the actions of peacekeeping forces in the Republic of Congo where military or civilian members of peacekeepers commit crimes such as sexual exploitation of children and rape. For example, in a report by a New York Times reporter handed over by the Democratic Republic of Congo, where MONUC peacekeepers acted, it was reported: "At the corner of the tent, where she says a soldier has forced her, Helen, tender, fifth-class, with large eyes and skinny legs, remembers seeing a blue helmet. . . . In the same eastern post, another UN peacemaker, unable to communicate with the talking Swahili, a 13-year-old girl who passed past him, picked up a cookie and motioned for her to approach. Since Solange, the girl who told the incident the next day with tears in her eyes, reached for the cookie, the soldier reached for her. She also said she was raped. " That is why I think that the modernization of the law on rape is imperative.

الاغتصاب جريمة يحاسب عليها القانون والشرع وتكون خارج ارادة المعتدى عليه ع العكس،من الزنا تكون بارادة الطرفين وتكون عقوبتها شرعا بالرجم

Hi,

First of, You may try to combine reinforcement learning algorithm for reward and game theory for punishment together.

On the other hand, Anylogic is a nice tool for Agent based modeling and system analysis.

Of course it will be very interest work on this issue.

I am also interesting to read after complete.

Becouse Foucault's "Discipline and punish" there is can be use problem of personality and relationship with Weber's 'social stratification' . How can be resolvable the problem of obscurity on this issue. İs it within these both metod, can be found some metodological argument....

This is such an important question. In my own attempts to better understand this issue, I found the following source helpful:

Upon reviewing various academic misconduct definitions and policies, I also noticed that while some universities address misrepresentation in their academic misconduct policies (such as here: hnu.edu/student-life/student-handbook/academic-conduct/academic-conduct-definitions or here: secure.apa.uoit.ca/academic_integrity/module1/Module15.html), and some consider misrepresentation a form of plagiarism, others view misrepresentation as a separate (and often less problematic) issue that is challenging to identify and address. Thank you for asking this question and for eliciting such helpful responses in the meantime. I believe more focus is needed in this area.

It appears that gossip is one of the micro themes that most interactants tend to use in personal conversations with those with whom they have an intimate relationship. Although gossip is considered unethical, for some unknown reason, it creates a secretive venue which the parties involved in the conversation seem to enjoy.

Dear Faramarz! Feedbacks are a necessary component in the main task selection system, for example, with concentration. The system needs to match and evaluate multiple inputs in order to select the most important answer at the moment. Paradoxically, this requires both specific information and secondary information (“noise”).

Please read the manuscripts in the Attachment.

Antonio Iudici Thank you.

My profile is ok, what is not ok to you is the answer, is not the one you or many like to hear, but nevertheless is the true. If you are not prepared to get the answer because it does not fit your intended rhetoric then is no point to question something in a forum that you and all know is intended for Answers. Disliking my answer does not change the facts.

Adm. Z

Very pertinent and worrying issue I must say. These drastic steps to end one's life must be checked immediately to value and utilise human life socially, economically and culturally.

At first the root causes are to be identified area and countrywise. As a whole the fast life and gradually increasing ease and luxury is taking a toll. From the very childhood, more and more expectations, lack of patience are making the 'would be' youth population vulnerable to end their life.

In addition, the grown up, aged and so called professional or successful people, at times, being fed up to cope up with life's speed and expectations choosing the final step.

Mass media impact, social networking and easy communication through digital world are making the situation even more grave.

Early detection of risk, care from near and dear ones and psychiatric counselling are pillars to combat this situation.

As a nature lover and a big fan of renewable energy, I found your research very interesting!

Unfortunately I am not able to generate my own questionnaire questions, as my study is not a PhD one, only a Masters level dissertation, therefore I need to find a good, already used questionnaire related to my field of study. However, I believe the scale you generated for your research offered me helpful tips for my future studies. Thank you!

From the very beginning of the society religion has played very important part in upholding of the morality. It is the group behavior and therefore it has remarkable influence on the society to behave morally.

The pillars on which the LAW is founded are natural justice and positive morality.

Positive morality is rules of conduct approved by public opinion of any community. They are the rules maintained and enforced in that community.

Thus there is a necessity to have Community with some principles based on morality which emerges from religious beliefs.

Aristotle has said that universal law consists of those unwritten rules which are recognized among the group of people- the society. Such groups and morality principles are all on account of religion- people are afraid of almighty God and to earn credit from him they are motivated to be moral. They have the fear that they will be otherwise driven out.

Natural law which is observed equally in all nations is established on divine prudence is changeable by the tacit consent of people.

When no law was existing, Common law was in force. What is right and what is wrong was based on the belief that if you do right God will be pleased else He will punish you. Thus the origin of morality is found in the religious communities.

I therefore feel religion is necessary in order to motivate people to behave morally.

Does corporal punishment the best means to correct truancy and stubbornness in students?

It would be pretty much impossible to get ethical approval to undertake the needed study. So you will not find your answer in the published literature. Truancy is often related to problems elsewhere so you would need to think what it is you are hoping to correct: the symptom or the cause. If the students you refer to are yours perhaps you might ask what changes you could make in your approach?

Hi, Chimezie,

Try to take a look at these articles and look at the reference list. You might have something there of your interest

Gershoff, E. T., & Bitensky, S. H. (2007). The case against corporal punishment of children: Converging evidence from social science research and international human rights law and implications for US public policy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 13(4), 231.

Gershoff, E. T., & Bitensky, S. H. (2007). The case against corporal punishment of children: Converging evidence from social science research and international human rights law and implications for US public policy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 13(4), 231.

Zolotor, A. J., & Puzia, M. E. (2010). Bans against corporal punishment: a systematic review of the laws, changes in attitudes and behaviours. Child Abuse Review, 19(4), 229-247.

Durrant, J., & Ensom, R. (2012). Physical punishment of children: lessons from 20 years of research. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(12), 1373-1377.

Qasem, F. S., Mustafa, A. A., Kazem, N. A., & Shah, N. M. (1998). Attitudes of Kuwaiti parents toward physical punishment of children. Child abuse & neglect, 22(12), 1189-1202.

Dear Dr. Denis,

At the time I studied in the U.K.  in the late 1970s & early 1980s, the university student who was caught cheating during an exam was expelled from the university instantly plus giving his/her name to all the other U.K. universities so as the student cannot join any of them.

I really admired that system because the punishment was only applied on very rare cases but it was severe enough to prevent thousands of students from the dishonesty shame.

After all, the university student will be a product who will go to a career in the market. If he/she is a crook, then the society & humanity will be harmed in many aspects. Neither you or I would like to see our children taught or medicated by a villain person.

Mind you, I have been working for 33 years in my country and the punishment is more "soft" than that : zero mark + expulsion for one semester. There are "abnormal" students who are ready to cheat according to this formula & they do not mind bearing the stigma  " if caught" because they think that time will heal the wounds & the case will soon be forgotten. 

Use a (generalized) linear model, as Martin suggested. It allows using categorical as well as numerical predictors and further allwos you to investigate interactions between predictors, as Martin also mentioned.

What distribution family is adequate and whether or not you should transform your response depends on the statistical properties of your response and on the sample size. If the sample size is rather large and/or the assumption of a unimodal symmetric distribution is resonable, the normal distribution is usually ok.

I don't like data-driven model selection procedures (select "significant" predictors by p-value, R², AIC or some other statistic). The model should be set up on the basis of subject knowledge. Only when there is no subject-knowledge and a lot of possibly relevant predictors exist, one may try to identify a reasonably simple model based on the data. But then the same data cannot be used to estimate the significances. In such cases you may perform the model selection on a subset of the data and estimate the significances in the final model on another subset of the data. This requires having enough data, though.

As a routine in my undergraduate language acquisition courses students [every student in class, wrote a question in English that our class would discuss at the end of the class time.  One day I was asked by one of my best students to describe my preferred method of punishment! This was for 19-22 year old undergraduates who seemed to regard punishment by teachers as normal.

My response was to problematize the question without judgement and encourage students to form their own opinions.

From the IFI point of view, profit maximization is still one of the ultimate goals while upholding the Islamic laws. In my opinion, due to that main reason and  to be competitive, IFI will use EPRM to their customers.

Yes, i believe the customers will be unfairly treated IF the EPRM method are not properly explained to the customers. IFI's officers must explain to the customers about the implication of the EPRM methods (how does it work) especially in the case of early settlement and if there is any rebate given to the customers, it also should be highlighted. Consequently, the customers enter into the contract without any gharar (they fully understand the contract) and do not feel like being cheated or oppressed.   

We have an interesting situation here in Bosnia & Herzegovina. In war crimes cases, courts in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and the Brcko District use the 1976 former Yugoslav Criminal code, while the state-level court mostly used the 2003 code. The European Court for Human Rights ruled that the Bosnian state court violated the rights of war criminals Maktouf and Damjanovic because they could have been given shorter jail sentences if the 1976 criminal code was used in their trials instead of the 2003 criminal code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was adopted after they committed their crimes.

Here are some links regarding this subject you might find useful:

Tanu -

It seems to me that fear of punishment is a very short-sighted view.  It might possibly produce results in the short term, whether faster than more positive treatment will likely vary by circumstances.  Then what?  Not only is such treatment reprehensible, it is also doomed to long-term failure. I think it is also far too common, and a standard of small-minded managers who are all too common.  My thinking is that most organizations perform inadequately because those in 'authority' arrived at such a position for the wrong reasons: because organizational climates do not encourage those with the know-how and who emphasize accomplishment as much as those who play the power game.

So, many may try to bully to get what they want, but they likely do not know what is best to do in the first place. So even if fear of punishment may occasionally be the fastest way to handle a given task, it may be a task that is not in support of a good strategy anyway. 

It also seems a 'good' way to drive away talented people.  

So, even on the occasions where fear of punishment may provide the fastest results, that, I think, is unfortunately, a frequently used, losing position to take.

Best wishes - Jim

Search the net for the Unicef publication titled Corporate Punishment in Schools: Longitudinal Evidence from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam by Portela and Pells. That will be a good start for your literature review.

There's a new Springer Brief book out that might be useful:

Gershoff, Elizabeth, Purtell, Kelly M., and Holas Igor (eds) (2015). Corporal Punishment in U.S. Public Schools: Legal Precedents, Current Practices, and Future Policy.  

It includes a chapter by Gershoff et al, "School corporal punishment effects on children"

The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology did a special issue in 2014 on the dynamics of violence in South African schools that may some useful material. One of the articles in the issue focuses specifically on corporal punishment:

Mthanti, B. and Mncube, V. (2014). The social and economic impact of corporal punishment in South Africa Schools.  Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, v. 5, #1, pp. 71-80.

Some other recent research that might be relevant:

Downs, Jon (2015). Positive behavioral interventions and supports vs. corporal punishment: A literature review.  International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education, v. 6, #1, pp. 2126-2132.

Ahmad, I., Said, H., and Kahn, F.(2013). Effects of corporal punishment on students' motivation and classroom learning. Review of European Studies, v.5, #4, pp. 130-134.

Ahmad, I., et al. (2014). Effet of self-efficacy on the relationship between corporal punishment and school dropout.  Review of European Studies, v6, #1, pp.196-200.

Breen, A., Daniels, K., Tomlinson, M. (2015). Children's experiences of corporal punishment: A qualitative study in an urban township of South Africa. Child Abuse and Neglect, v.48, pp. 131-139.

Appreciated colleague, let me you suggest these books

SCOLART, Deborah, L’islam, il reato, la pena. Dal fiqh alla codificazione, Roma, Istituto per l’Oriente, 2013, 424 pp.

PAPA, Massimo,  Afghanistan: Tradizione giuridica e ricostruzione dell'ordinamento tra Sari'a, consuetudini e diritto statale, Giappichelli Editore, 2006

Just to add a few quick points to my predecessors:

In terms of neural mechanisms, reward will create anticipation and approach motivation mediated by the dopaminergic system, including structures commonly termed ventral striatum, whereas anticipation of punishment will mostly activate the fear-learning related mechanisms mediated by the amygdala. However, inhibition of behavior in humans due to negative reinforcement as well as punishment also involves anterior cingulate (or inferior frontal gyrus) and other regions of the striatum :

Please note that there is a difference between positive reinforcement (reward), negative reinforcement (avoiding punishment) and punishment (a negative outcome which leads to behavior inhibition)  in learning theory.

Inhibition of reward-seeking behavior as well as punishment is indeed mediated by the lateral habenula, as far as we know,

good luck - E

(क) उद्देश-लक्षण:-

पशु-चेतना (लक्षण):- आहार, निद्रा, मैथुन, भय, (मूल प्रकृति पर आरूढ़)

मनुष्य-चेतना (लक्षण):- पशु-चेतना + मननशीलता (मनुष्यत्व) = आहार, निद्रा , मैथुन, भय, मननशीलता

(ख) सिद्धान्त:- मनुष्यों में जितना मनुष्यत्व(मननशीलता) होगी उतनी दूरदर्शिता (दीर्घकालिक परिणाम देखने की क्षमता) होगी और जितनी दूरदर्शिता, उन पर पुरूस्कार (साम,दाम) या दंड (दंड, भेद) का उतना ही प्रभाव पड़ेगा।

(ग) उपसंहार:- मनुष्य की मूल-आत्यंतिक प्रवृत्ति मनन कर दीर्घकालिक परिणाम आंकलन कर कार्य करने की है। अब कितना दीर्घ या दूरदृष्टि, वह उसमें कितना मनुष्यत्व है उसपर निर्भर है ।

(घ) व्यवहारिक पक्ष:-

ऐसे में प्रबंधन शासक (संस्था) के सामने निम्न उपाय हैं :-

१) पुरूस्कार (साम,दाम) और दंड (दंड, भेद) ऐसे दे जिनके दीर्घकालिक परिणाम कर्मचारी अपनी मननशीलता अनुकूल देख पाएँ। इससे वह बिना किसी और बाह्य कारण के अपनी प्रवृत्ति अनुकूल कार्य के प्रति प्रेरित रहेगा।

या २) यदि कर्मचारी की मननशीलता अधिक है और शासक उतना दीर्घकालिक परिणाम वाले पुरूस्कार (साम,दाम) और दंड (दंड, भेद) न दे सकें, तो कर्मचारी की मननशीलता को कम करने के उपाय बाहुल्य में उपलब्ध हैं। निम्न लेख के दिए गए जाल (matrix) को बिछा कर:- http://bit.ly/1nIZkaS